Vaisala FS11P User manual

USER'S GUIDE
Present Weather Sensor
FS11P
M211107EN-C

PUBLISHED BY
Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): [phone]
P.O. Box 26 Fax: [phone]
FI-00421 Helsinki
Finland
Visit our Internet pages at www.vaisala.com.
© Vaisala 2013
No part of this manual may be reproduced, published or publicly displayed in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its
contents be modified, translated, adapted, sold or disclosed to a third party without prior
written permission of the copyright holder. Translated manuals and translated portions
of multilingual documents are based on the original English versions. In ambiguous
cases, the English versions are applicable, not the translations.
The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice.
This manual does not create any legally binding obligations for Vaisala towards
customers or end users. All legally binding obligations and agreements are included
exclusively in the applicable supply contract or the General Conditions of Sale and
General Conditions of Service of Vaisala.

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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INFORMATION................................................................. 11
About This Manual........................................................... 11
Version Information....................................................... 11
Related Manuals............................................................ 11
Documentation Conventions...................................... 12
Product-Related Safety Precautions........................ 12
ESD Protection............................................................... 14
Recycling ............................................................................. 15
Regulatory Compliances............................................... 15
Trademarks......................................................................... 16
License Agreement ......................................................... 16
Warranty............................................................................... 16
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 17
Description and Purpose .............................................. 17
Mechanical Structure...................................................... 18
Equipment Nomenclature............................................. 20
CHAPTER 3
INSTALLATION ...................................................................................... 23
Organizing Installation................................................... 23
Location and Orientation .............................................. 24
Unloading and Unpacking............................................ 27
Unpacking Procedure................................................... 27
Storage Information ...................................................... 27
Equipment Grounding and Lightning
Protection ............................................................................ 28
Cable Selection ................................................................. 30
Line Power Cable .......................................................... 30
Communication Cable.................................................. 32
Installation Procedures.................................................. 33
Foundation Construction ............................................. 33
Mounting when Casting Pad................................. 34
Mounting to Existing Surface................................ 36
Assembling FS11P........................................................ 37

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Inserting Battery for Optional FSB101.....................50
Connecting Cables........................................................52
Power Cable...............................................................53
Communication Cable.............................................55
Communication Options ..............................................56
Serial Communications Settings..........................57
Serial Transmission with RS-232.........................57
Serial Multipoint Transmission with RS-485.....58
Modem DXL421 (Optional)....................................60
Multipoint Modem Connection ..............................63
Maintenance Terminal Connection .....................64
Background Luminance Options...............................65
LM21 Background Luminance Sensor...............65
Day/Night Photo Switch..........................................66
Startup...............................................................................67
Initial Settings..................................................................68
CHAPTER 4
OPERATION.............................................................................................69
FS11P Commands............................................................69
Entering and Exiting Command Mode.....................69
OPEN Command ......................................................69
CLOSE Command....................................................71
Available Commands....................................................71
Command Completion..................................................76
Terminal Line Number Adjustment...........................77
Command Polling ..........................................................77
Message Formats .............................................................79
MESSAGE Command..................................................79
MESSAGE 1, FS11P....................................................80
Alarm Status Codes.................................................81
MESSAGE 2, FS11P with LM21...............................82
MESSAGE 3, Status Message ..................................83
MESSAGE 4, Uncompensated Values...................86
MESSAGE 5, Vaisala System Standard ................87
MESSAGE 12, Optional Message............................88
FD12 Emulation..............................................................89
FD12 Message 2.......................................................89
FD12P Message 7....................................................90
MITRAS Emulation........................................................91
MITRAS Single Baseline ........................................91
MITRAS Double Baseline ......................................92
Message Sending Modes ..............................................94
Automatic Mode .............................................................94
ACK/NAK Confirmation...........................................95
Polled Mode.....................................................................96
Second Message ...........................................................97

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System Configuration .................................................... 98
Default Factory Settings .............................................. 98
Optional External Sensors.......................................... 99
LM21 Background Luminance Sensor............... 99
Day/Night Sensor ..................................................... 99
Simulated Test Messages........................................... 100
Fixed Test Messages ................................................. 100
Manual Simulation Message.................................... 101
Operating PWD32 through Maintenance Port.... 102
Communication Options ............................................ 102
Serial Communication Settings.......................... 103
Serial Transmission RS-232 ............................... 103
Serial Multipoint Transmission RS-485 ........... 103
Initial Settings ............................................................... 104
Weather Parameters ............................................. 104
Verification..................................................................... 105
Entering and Exiting Command Mode .................. 106
OPEN......................................................................... 106
CLOSE....................................................................... 106
Message Types............................................................ 107
Message 3 ................................................................ 107
Message 7 ................................................................ 107
Message Polling ..................................................... 108
Precipitation Sums ........................................................ 110
List of Commands.......................................................... 111
PWD32 Command Set .............................................. 111
HELP.......................................................................... 111
MES............................................................................ 112
AMES......................................................................... 112
Weather-Related Commands .................................. 112
WPAR ........................................................................ 113
WSET......................................................................... 113
CLRS.......................................................................... 115
System Configuration Commands ......................... 115
PAR ............................................................................ 116
CONF ......................................................................... 116
Hood Heaters........................................................... 119
BAUD ......................................................................... 119
Maintenance Commands .......................................... 120
STA............................................................................. 120
CAL............................................................................. 121
CLEAN....................................................................... 122
ZERO ......................................................................... 122
CHEC ......................................................................... 123
DRY ON and WET ................................................. 123
DRY ON ............................................................... 123
WET....................................................................... 124

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HEAT..........................................................................124
Other Commands ........................................................124
TIME ...........................................................................124
DATE ..........................................................................125
RESET .......................................................................125
VER.............................................................................125
Operating LM21 through Maintenance Port ........126
Serial Communication Settings ..........................126
Serial Transmission RS-232................................126
Entering and Exiting Command Mode...................127
OPEN Command ....................................................127
CLOSE Command..................................................127
Available Commands..................................................128
Parameter Configuration ...........................................130
Default Settings for FS11P Use .........................131
LM21 Standard Initialization...........................131
CHAPTER 5
THEORY OF OPERATION................................................................133
Hardware Description...................................................135
Measurement Unit FSM102......................................135
Transmitter Unit FST102......................................135
Receiver Unit FSR102 ..........................................137
Controller Board FSC102.....................................139
Precipitation Identifier PWD32.................................140
Optical Arrangement..............................................141
Transmitter Unit PWT11.......................................141
Light Receiver..........................................................142
Additional Measurements.....................................142
Vaisala RAINCAP®Rain Sensor ..................142
Interface Unit FSI102..................................................143
Communication Controller Board FSC202 .....143
AC (Mains) Power Supply....................................144
Battery Backup ........................................................144
Frangible Mast..............................................................145
Software Description ....................................................146
Measuring Sequence..................................................146
Visibility Measuring Principle....................................146
Calculations...................................................................147
Detecting Precipitation ...............................................147
Precipitation Intensity .................................................148
Precipitation Accumulation........................................148
Present Weather ..........................................................149
Precipitation Types.................................................149
Liquid Precipitation............................................149
Frozen Precipitation..........................................150
Mixed Precipitation............................................150

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Precipitation Type Unknown .......................... 150
Visibility Types......................................................... 151
Fog Codes........................................................... 151
Weather Classes .................................................... 152
Weather Codes ....................................................... 153
Internal Monitoring ........................................................ 154
FS11P Status Messages........................................... 154
Event Messages ..................................................... 155
Alarm Messages..................................................... 161
Optical Contamination and Blocking
Monitoring ...................................................................... 162
Contamination Compensation ............................ 163
Signal Monitoring......................................................... 164
Transmitter Intensity Stability................................... 164
Heaters Operation....................................................... 165
Power Supplies ............................................................ 165
Analog Interfaces......................................................... 166
Memory Tests and Program Operation ................ 167
Communication Monitoring....................................... 167
Background Luminance Sensor.............................. 168
Present Weather Detector ........................................ 168
Error Log ........................................................................ 168
CHAPTER 6
MAINTENANCE .................................................................................... 169
Cleaning FSM102 Windows ....................................... 169
Cleaning PWD32 ............................................................. 171
Cleaning Lenses and Hoods............................... 171
Cleaning RAINCAP®.............................................. 172
FS11P Calibration .......................................................... 172
FSM102 Visibility Calibration ................................... 172
FSM102 Calibration Check Procedure ............ 173
FSM102 Calibration Procedure.......................... 175
FSM102 Mechanical Alignment Check
Procedure ................................................................. 175
FSM102 Guided Calibration Procedure .......... 177
Evaluating Results of Guided Calibration
Procedure for Measurement Unit ...................... 180
Calibration Passed............................................ 180
Calibration Procedure Failed ......................... 182
PWD32 Forward Scatter Calibration ..................... 184
PWD32 Calibration Check Procedure.............. 184
PWD32 Calibration Procedure ........................... 186
PWD32 RAINCAP® Calibration.............................. 186
Replacing Fuses ............................................................. 187
Replacing FS11P Modules ......................................... 189

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Replacing FSC102 ......................................................190
Replacing FSC202 ......................................................192
Replacing FSP103.......................................................195
Replacing Transmitter Module FST102 and
Receiver Module FSR102.........................................198
Replacing/Installing Sensor Cables in FS11P ....204
Removing PWT11........................................................206
Removing PWC12.......................................................208
Replacing RAINCAP®.................................................209
CHAPTER 7
TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................................................211
Error Messages ...............................................................212
Errors...............................................................................212
Alarms .............................................................................213
Warnings ........................................................................214
Indications......................................................................215
Miscellaneous Problems .............................................216
Technical Support..........................................................218
Product Returns..............................................................218
CHAPTER 8
TECHNICAL DATA ..............................................................................219
Specifications ..................................................................219
Operational Specifications ........................................219
Optical Specifications .................................................219
Electrical Specifications .............................................220
Mechanical Specifications.........................................221
Environmental Specifications...................................221
Electromagnetic Compatibility .................................221
CRC16 Checksum ..........................................................222
APPENDIX A
NWS AND WMO CODE TABLES ...................................................223
INDEX .......................................................................................................225

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List of Figures
Figure 1 FS11P System..................................................................... 18
Figure 2 Recommended Location of FS11P with Mast
FSFM250/FSAM250.......................................................... 24
Figure 3 Sensor Alignment ............................................................... 25
Figure 4 FS11P Equipment Grounding......................................... 29
Figure 5 Junction Box......................................................................... 31
Figure 6 Casting Concrete Foundation......................................... 33
Figure 7 FS11P Foundation Construction.................................... 35
Figure 8 Mounting FS11P to Existing Surface............................ 36
Figure 9 Mounting FS11P Mast Using Foundation Kit
FS211296.............................................................................. 37
Figure 10 Mounting FS11P Frangible Mast Grounding
Cable ...................................................................................... 38
Figure 11 Mounting FS11P Aluminum Mast Using
FS211296 Foundation Kit ................................................ 39
Figure 12 Fixing Sensor Arm with Allen Screws........................... 40
Figure 13 Fixing PWD32 with Allen Screws................................... 40
Figure 14 Mounting Rear Panel of Radiation Shield................... 41
Figure 15 Tilting Aluminum and Frangible Pole Masts............... 42
Figure 16 Connecting Measurement Unit....................................... 43
Figure 17 Suspending Enclosure from Rear Panel ..................... 44
Figure 18 Cable Tie Attached to Cable Connector...................... 45
Figure 19 Threading Cable Connector with Cable Tie ............... 45
Figure 20 Attaching Cable to PWD32.............................................. 46
Figure 21 Threading LM21 Cable ..................................................... 47
Figure 22 Mounting Interface Unit Enclosure ................................ 47
Figure 23 Assembly of Sensor Arm.................................................. 48
Figure 24 Mounting Radiation Shield............................................... 49
Figure 25 Obstruction Light Wiring ................................................... 50
Figure 26 Backup Battery without Cover Plate ............................. 51
Figure 27 Interface Unit Enclosure Cable Flange ........................ 52
Figure 28 Cabling Principle ................................................................. 54
Figure 29 Cable Grounding Instruction ........................................... 56
Figure 30 RS-232 Communication Option ..................................... 58
Figure 31 RS-485 Communication Option ..................................... 59
Figure 32 RS-485 Application ............................................................ 59
Figure 33 DXL421 Modem Wiring..................................................... 60
Figure 34 Installing DXL421................................................................ 62
Figure 35 Location of External Maintenance Line Connectors 64
Figure 36 Wiring Day/Night Photo Switch ...................................... 66
Figure 37 Switching on Unit................................................................ 67
Figure 38 FS11P Block Diagram..................................................... 134
Figure 39 FST102 Transmitter Block Diagram ........................... 136
Figure 40 Window Contamination Measurement Principle
inside Transmitter and Receiver FSM102................. 137
Figure 41 Receiver FSR102 Block Diagram................................ 138

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Figure 42 PWD32 Block Diagram ...................................................140
Figure 43 PWD32 Optical System ..................................................141
Figure 44 RAINCAP®Block Diagram.............................................142
Figure 45 Principle for Determining Precipitation Type ............149
Figure 46 Location of Surface Temperature Probe....................166
Figure 47 Installing Zero Plugs.........................................................173
Figure 48 Assembling and Attaching Calibrator..........................174
Figure 49 Installing Mask Plates onto Opaque Glass Plates..176
Figure 50 Assembling Opaque Glass Plates...............................185
Figure 51 Location of Fuses on FSP103 Board..........................188
Figure 52 Visibility Sensor Controller (FSC102) .........................190
Figure 53 VS Bottom View, Central Compartment Cover
Screws..................................................................................191
Figure 54 FSI102 Interface Unit.......................................................192
Figure 55 Power and Battery Switch Locations ..........................193
Figure 56 FSC202 Connectors and Cover Plate Screws.........193
Figure 57 FSC202 Screws and Connectors.................................194
Figure 58 FSP103 Parts.....................................................................196
Figure 59 Visibility Sensor Transmitter and Receiver
Control Cables ...................................................................198
Figure 60 End Plug Removal (Shown for Transmitter).............199
Figure 61 Module Retainer Removal (Shown for
Transmitter) ........................................................................199
Figure 62 Pushing Control Cable into Optics Head...................200
Figure 63 Transmitter Resp. Receiver Module, Control
Cable Disconnected.........................................................200
Figure 64 Pulling Control Cable out of Housing Tube...............201
Figure 65 Transmitter/Receiver Module O-Ring .........................201
Figure 66 End Plug with O-Ring ......................................................202
Figure 67 FSP103 and FSC202 Sensor Cable Connections..204
Figure 68 Removing PWT11.............................................................206
Figure 69 Opening Box Screws .......................................................208
Figure 70 Removing PWC12 Board ...............................................208
Figure 71 Removing Rain Sensor ...................................................209