Velleman-Kit EDU01 User manual

E D U 0 1
FR KIT D'EXPÉRIMENTATION
NL EDUCATIEVE
DE LERN-EXPERIMENTIERBAUSATZ
ES KIT DE EXPERIMENTACIÓN
www.velleman.eu

VELLEMAN NV
Legen Heirweg 33
9890 Gavere
Belgium Europe
www.velleman.be
www.velleman-kit.com

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 3
11 Exciting projects which you can actually use.
Projects featured in this box:
LED with push button*.............................................................. Light a LED when a pushbutton is pressed (pag.10)
A transistor as cuurent amplifier*............................................................... Light a LED using a transistor (pag.12)
Astable multivibrator** .....................................................................................Let LEDs flash alternately (pag.14)
Simple burglar alarm with LED indication and sound** ........................ Example of a simple burglar alarm (pag.16)
Light detector**..................................................................... Switch on a LED when there is sufficient light (pag.18)
Polarity tester*...................................................................................................... Check battery polarity (pag.20)
Start-Stop circuit***............................................................................. Control a LED using 2 pushbuttons (pag.22)
Timer circuit***...........................................................................Make a LED switch off after a certain time (pag.24)
Light switch*** ...................................................................... Make a LED switch on when it becomes dark (pag.26)
Water alarm**..................................................................................... Make a liquid level trigger an alarm (pag.28)
Running light with 3 LEDs*** ................................................... Make 3 LEDs light up shortly in succession (pag.30)
Difficulty level
*easy
** normal
*** hard
: see "velleman EDU01"

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 4
Resistors
Various resistor values are supplied. They serve as
current limiters or as voltage dividers. Resistors do not
have a polarity. Resistors values are indicated by
means of coloured rings. The unit of resistance is called
’Ohm’. ( see colour code table in the package)
Parts supplied with this kit:
The breadboard will hold all your
experiments. The white lines show how the
holes are electrically connected with
eachother (Velleman part# SDAD102)
Breadboard

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 5
Capacitors
A capacitor is almost like a small battery, it can be charged
using a power supply. Mostly used to stabilise or to filter out
unwanted voltages. The unit is Farad: practical values are
in µF, nF or pF. The supplied capacitor is an Electrolytic
capacitor of 10µF and has a polarity, the long lead = +
(Velleman part# 10J0E)
C...
C...
Green & red LED
A LED is a Light Emitting Diode, it
can emit light using a small current
(max 20mA with a 1.8V drop).
Watch the polarity, long lead = + !
(Velleman part# L-7104LGD & L-7104LID)
Flat side, shortest lead = (-)
NG OK
How to bend the leads:

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 6
Buzzer
A buzzer produce a signalling sound to alert
for a dangerous situation, timer confirmation,
a button is pressed, ... The pitch of the buzzer
can't be changed because the frequency of
the oscillator is fixed. (Velleman part# SV3)
Push button
A push button will conduct current
when pushed and interrupt the
current when released.
(Velleman part# D6)
Inside connection
The supplied button
has 4 connections, but
only 2 are used.
2 are interconnected.

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 7
Transistors
A transistor is an amplification device. By means of a small
current, a much larger current is controlled. Transistors come in
two flavours, NPN and PNP-types, depending on the polarity.
With this kit, you receive a BC557 (PNP) and a BC547 (NPN)
transistor. A transistor has 3 pins: Base, Emitter and Collector.
(Velleman part# BC557B, BC547B)
Phototransistor
E B C
C
B
E
PNP
C B E
C
B
E
NPN
BC547
BC557
A phototransistor is a transistor
that conducts current when the
photocell inside it is sufficiently
exposed to light. You can use it
as a light switch in electrical
circuits. Velleman part# SGPT5053C )
E
C

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pag. 8
Flatcable
Including in this box you can find a multi-core cable. The
wires must be separated from each other before use.
This can be done using a wire-cutter or pair of scissors.
Use the separate wires to connect components (indicated
in the drawing by a thick black line) Velleman part# FC8)
8x

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 9

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 10
Project 1: LED with push button
As long as the push button is pressed the led will light
1K
*Not included
Flat side, shortest leg = (-)
*
RED

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 11
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1000 ohm resistor (brown black red ), red LED,
push-button
How it works: As long as the push button is
pressed, a closed circuit is formed that makes the
current flow and the LED lights up.
Current flows from the (+) of the battery to the
push-button, resistor, (+) of the LED and via the (-)
of the LED back to the battery.
Using a 1000ohm resistor the current will be about
0.007A (7mA).
Time to experiment:
What happens when you swap (+) and (-) of the led?
What happens when you replace the 1000 ohm resistor
with a 100K ohm resistor (brown black yellow gold) ?
Calculation of the resistor:
resistor = battery voltage – LED voltage
LED current
resistor = 9V - 1,8V = 1000ohm
0,007

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 12
Project 2: Transistor acting as current amplifier
1K
*Not included
*
1K
B
E
C
Light up a LED using a transistor, use your finger as a switch
Jumper wire

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 13
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 470K resistor (yellow
purple yellow gold), red LED, BC547 transistor, wire jumper.
How it works: In this circuit, the small
current flowing through your finger will be
amplified by the transistor.
The base current that runs via your finger
and resistor R1, is amplified by transistor T1.
The amplified current flows through the LED
and R2 making the LED lit.
R3 will prevent the transistor for unwanted
functioning.
HINT: wet you finger to make the LED
light up stronger.

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 14
1K
1K C1
100K
C2
Project 3: Astable multivibrator (flashing LEDs)
Let LEDs flash alternately
*Not included
100K
**
BB
E
E
CC
WATCH THE
CAPACITOR
POLARITY

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 15
Required parts: 9V battery*, 2x 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 2x 100K resistor
(brown black yellow gold), 2x red LED, 2 x BC547 transistors, 2x 10µF electrolytic
capacitors
The LED on-time can be calculated:
T = 0,693 x R1(Ω) x C1 (F)
T = 0,693 x 100.000 x 0.00001 = 0,693sec.
How it works: The 2 transistors
alternately conduct because the
capacitors are charged and discharged.
The speed at which this happens
depends on the capacitors (C1, C2)
and the resistors (R1, R2). Use a high-
er capacitor and resistor value in order
to extend the LED lighting time.

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 16
1K
100K
0,5m supplied wire
*Not included
Project 4: Simple burglar alarm with LED indication and sound.
Make an alarm signal sound when the circuit is interrupted...
**
E
B
C

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 17
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 100K resistor (brown
black yellow gold), red LED, BC547 transistor, buzzer, 0,5m supplied wire.
How it works: An alarm sounds when the
normally closed security circuit (here
indicated as ‘WIRE’) is interrupted.
Replace this normally closed circuit
(WIRE) by a normally closed window or
door switch; when e.g. the window is
opened the contact within the window
switch is interrupted, the security circuit is
opened and the buzzer sounds.
The alarm signal ends as soon as the
security circuit is closed again.

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 18
1K
10K
*Not included
10K
Project 5: Light detector
Switch on a LED when there is sufficient light
**
B
C
E
TR

www.vellemanprojects.com Pag. 19
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 2x 10K resistor
(brown black orange gold), red LED, BC547 transistor, phototransistor (TR).
How it works: A LED lights up when
enough light hits the phototransistor
(TR). The phototransistor is light sensi-
tive, in dark conditions it has a high
resistance, and in light conditions it
has a low resistance.
Across the phototransistor is a positive
potential which is fed to the base of the
transistor enabling it to switch. Resis-
tor R2 creates a switching point which
determines when the transistor starts
to conduct. Resistor R1 limits the cur-
rent that flows through the phototran-
TR

www.vellemanprojects.com
pag. 20
Jumper wire
1K
*Not included
Project 6: polarity tester.
Check the polarity of a battery
*
GREEN RED