Velleman VMA502 User manual

VMA502
BASIC DIY KIT WITH ATMEGA2560 FOR ARDUINO®
USER MANUAL

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 2 ©Velleman nv
USER MANUAL
1. Introduction
To all residents of the European Union
Important environmental information about this product
This symbol on the device or the package indicates that disposal of the device after its lifecycle could
harm the environment. Do not dispose of the unit (or batteries) as unsorted municipal waste; it should
be taken to a specialized company for recycling. This device should be returned to your distributor or to
a local recycling service. Respect the local environmental rules.
If in doubt, contact your local waste disposal authorities.
Thank you for choosing Velleman®! Please read the manual thoroughly before bringing this device into service.
If the device was damaged in transit, do not install or use it and contact your dealer.
2. Safety Instructions
This device can be used by children aged from 8 years and above, and persons with
reduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge if
they have been given supervision or instruction concerning the use of the device in a
safe way and understand the hazards involved. Children shall not play with the device.
Cleaning and user maintenance shall not be made by children without supervision.
Indoor use only.
Keep away from rain, moisture, splashing and dripping liquids.
3. General Guidelines
Refer to the Velleman®Service and Quality Warranty on the last pages of this manual.
Familiarise yourself with the functions of the device before actually using it.
All modifications of the device are forbidden for safety reasons. Damage caused by user
modifications to the device is not covered by the warranty.
Only use the device for its intended purpose. Using the device in an unauthorised way
will void the warranty.
Damage caused by disregard of certain guidelines in this manual is not covered by the
warranty and the dealer will not accept responsibility for any ensuing defects or
problems.
Nor Velleman nv nor its dealers can be held responsible for any damage (extraordinary,
incidental or indirect) –of any nature (financial, physical…) arising from the possession,
use or failure of this product.
Due to constant product improvements, the actual product appearance might differ from
the shown images.
Product images are for illustrative purposes only.
Do not switch the device on immediately after it has been exposed to changes in
temperature. Protect the device against damage by leaving it switched off until it has
reached room temperature.
Keep this manual for future reference.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 3 ©Velleman nv
4. What is Arduino®
Arduino®is an open-source prototyping platform based in easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino®boards
are able to read inputs –light-on sensor, a finger on a button or a Twitter message –and turn it into an output
–activating of a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by
sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so, you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino®software IDE (based on Processing).
Surf to www.arduino.cc and www.arduino.org for more information.
5. Contents
1 x ATmega2560 Mega development board (VMA101)
15 x LED (different colors)
8 x 220 Ω resistor (RA220E0)
5 x 1K resistor (RA1K0)
5 x 10K resistor (RA10K0)
1 x 830-hole breadboard
4 x 4-pin key switch
1 x active buzzer (VMA319)
1 x passive buzzer
1 x infrared sensor diode
1 x LM35 temperature sensor (LM35DZ)
2 x ball tilt switch (similar to MERS4 and MERS5)
3 x phototransistor
1 x single-digit 7-segment LED display
30 x breadboard jumper wire
1 x USB cable
6. The ATmega2560 Mega
VMA101
The VMA101 (Arduino®compatible) Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has
54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analogue inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller. Connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is compatible with most
shields designed for the Arduino®Duemilanove or Diecimila.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 4 ©Velleman nv
1
USB interface
7
Atmel mega2560
2
ICSP for 16U2
8
reset button
3
digital I/O
9
digital I/O
4
Atmel mega16U2
10
7-12 VDC power input
5
ICSP for mega2560
11
power and ground pins
6
16 MHz clock
12
analogue input pins
microcontroller ................................................................................................ ATmega2560
operating voltage.......................................................................................................5 VDC
input voltage (recommended) ................................................................................ 7-12 VDC
input voltage (limits)............................................................................................. 6-20 VDC
digital I/O pins .............................................................. 54 (of which 15 provide PWM output)
analogue input pins......................................................................................................... 16
DC current per I/O pin............................................................................................... 40 mA
DC current for 3.3 V pin............................................................................................. 50 mA
flash memory ........................................................... 256 kB of which 8 kB used by bootloader
SRAM ........................................................................................................................ 8 kB
EEPROM...................................................................................................................... 4 kB
clock speed ............................................................................................................. 16 MHz
dimensions
length ...............................................................................................................112 mm
width ................................................................................................................. 55 mm
weight ................................................................................................................... 62 g
7. Operation
7.1 The Breadboard
Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning how to build circuits. In this tutorial, we
will introduce you to what breadboards are and how they work.
Let us look at a larger, more typical breadboard. Aside from the horizontal rows, breadboards have what are
called power rails that run vertically along the sides.
Power rails.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 5 ©Velleman nv
Chips have legs that come out of both sides and fit perfectly over the ravine. Since each leg on the IC is
unique, we do not want both sides to be connected to each other. That is where the separation in the middle of
the board comes in handy. Thus, we can connect components to each side of the IC without interfering with the
functionality of the leg on the opposite side.
Ravine.
7.2 A Blinking LED
Let’s start with a simple experiment. We are going to connect an LED to one of the digital pins rather than
using LED13, which is soldered to the board.
Required Hardware
1 x red M5 LED
1 x 220 Ωresistor
1 x breadboard
jumper wires as needed
Follow the diagram below. We are using digital pin 10, and connecting the LED to a 220 Ωresistor to avoid
high-current damaging the LED.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 6 ©Velleman nv
Connection
Programming Code
Result
After programming, you will see the LED connected to pin 10 blinking, with an interval of approximately one
second. Congratulations, the experiment is now successfully completed!

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 7 ©Velleman nv
7.3 PWM Gradational LED
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a technique used to encode analogue signal levels into digital ones. A
computer cannot output analogue voltage but only digital voltage values. So, we will be using a high-resolution
counter to encode a specific analogue signal level by modulating the duty cycle of PWM. The PWM signal is also
digitalized because in any given moment, fully on DC power is either 5 V (on) of 0 V (off). The voltage or
current is fed to the analogue load (the device using the power) by repeated pulse sequence being on or off.
Being on, the current is fed to the load; being off, it is not. With the adequate bandwidth, any analogue value
can be encoded using PWM. The output voltage value is calculated via the on and off time.
output voltage = (turn on time/pulse time) * maximum voltage value
PWM has many applications: lamp brightness regulation, motor speed regulation, sound making, etc. The
following are the basic parameters of PWM:
There are six PQM interfaces on Arduino®, namely digital pin, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11. In this experiment, we will
be using a potentiometer to control the LED brightness.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 8 ©Velleman nv
Required Hardware
1 x variable resistor
1 x red M5 LED
1 x 220 Ω resistor
1 x breadboard
jumper wires as needed
Connection
Programming Code

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 9 ©Velleman nv
In this code, we are using the analogWrite (PWM interface, analogue value) function. We will read the analogue
value of the potentiometer and assign the value to PWM port, so there will be corresponding change to the
brightness of the LED. One final part will be displaying the analogue value on the screen. You can consider this
as the analogue value reading project adding the PWM analogue value assigning part.
Result
After programming, rotate the potentiometer knob to see changes of the displaying value. Also, note the
obvious change of brightness on the breadboard.
7.4 The Active Buzzer
An active buzzer is widely used on computers, printers, alarms, etc. as a sound-making element. It has an
inner vibration source. Simply connect it with a 5 V power supply to make it buzz constantly.
Required Hardware
1 x buzzer
1 x key
1 x breadboard
jumper wires as needed
Connection

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 10 ©Velleman nv
Programming Code
Result
After programming, the buzzer should ring.
7.5 The Phototransistor
A phototransistor is a transistor the resistance of which varies according to different light strengths. It is based
on the photoelectric effect of a semiconductor. If the incident light is intense, the resistance reduces; if the
incident light is weak, the resistant increases. A phototransistor is commonly applied in the measurement of
light, light control and photovoltaic conversion.
Let’s start with a relative simple experiment. The phototransistor is an element that changes its resistance as
light strength changes. Refer to the PWM experiment, replacing the potentiometer with a phototransistor. When
there is a change in light strength, there will be a corresponding change on the LED.
Required Hardware
1 x phototransistor
1 x red M5 LED
1 x 10KΩ resistor
1 x 220 Ω resistor
1 x breadboard
jumper wires as needed

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 11 ©Velleman nv
Connection
Programming Code
Result
After programming, change the light strength around the phototransistor and observe the LED changing!

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 12 ©Velleman nv
7.6 The Flame Sensor
A flame sensor (IR receiving diode) is specifically used on robots to find the fire source. This sensor is highly
sensitive to flames.
A flame sensor has a specifically designed IR tube to detect fire. The brightness of the flames will then be
converted to a fluctuating level signal. The signals are the input into the central processor.
Required Hardware
1 x flame sensor
1 x buzzer
1 x 10KΩ resistor
1 x breadboard
jumper wires as needed
Connection
Connect the negative to the 5 V pin and the positive to the resistor. Connect the other end of the resistor to
GND. Connect one end of a jumper wire to a clip, which is electrically connected to sensor positive, the other
end to the analogue pin.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 13 ©Velleman nv
Programming Code
7.7 The LM35 Temperature Sensor
The LM35 is a common and easy-to-use temperature sensor. It does not require other hardware, you just need
an analogue port to make it work. The difficulty lies in compiling the code to convert the analogue value it
reads to Celsius temperature.
Required Hardware
1 x LM35 sensor
1 x breadboard
jumper wires as needed

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 14 ©Velleman nv
Connection
Programming Code
Result
After programming, open the monitoring window to see the current temperature.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 15 ©Velleman nv
7.8 The Tilt Sensor Switch
A tilt sensor will detect orientation and inclination. They are small, low power and easy-to-use. If used properly,
they will not wear out. Their simplicity makes them popular for toys, gadgets and other appliances. They are
referred to as mercury, tilt or rolling ball switches.
The Simple Tilt-Activated LED
This is the most basic connection of a tilt switch, but can be a handy while one is learning about them. Simply
connect in series with an LED, resistor and battery.
Reading the Switch State with a Microcontroller
The layout below shows a 10K pull-up resistor. The code states the built-in pull-up resistor that you can turn on
by setting an input pin to the high output. If you use the internal pull-up you can skip the external one.

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 16 ©Velleman nv
Programming Code

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 17 ©Velleman nv
7.9 One-Digit Seven-Segment Display
LED segment displays are common for displaying numerical information. They are widely applied on displays of
ovens, washing machines, etc. the LED segment display is a semiconductor light-emitting device. Its basic unit
is an LED (light-emitting diode). Segment displays can be divided into 7-segment and 8-segment displays.
According to the wiring method, LED segment displays can be divided into displays with common anode and
displays with common cathode. Common anode displays refer to displays that combine all the anodes of the
LED units into one common anode (COM).
For the common anode display, connect the common anode (COM) to +5 V. When the cathode level of a certain
segment is low, the segment is on; when the cathode level of a certain segment is high, the segment is off. For
the common cathode display, connect the common cathode (COM) to GND. When the anode level of a certain
segment is high, the segment is on; when the anode level of a certain segment is low, the segment is off.
Connection

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 18 ©Velleman nv
Programming Code

VMA502
V. 02 –05/04/2019 19 ©Velleman nv
Use this device with original accessories only. Velleman nv cannot be held responsible in the event
of damage or injury resulting from (incorrect) use of this device. For more info concerning this
product and the latest version of this manual, please visit our website www.velleman.eu. The
information in this manual is subject to change without prior notice.
© COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The copyright to this manual is owned by Velleman nv. All worldwide rights reserved. No part of this
manual may be copied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or otherwise without the
prior written consent of the copyright holder.

Velleman® Service and Quality Warranty
Since its foundation in 1972, Velleman® acquired extensive experience in the electronics world and currently
distributes its products in over 85 countries.
All our products fulfil strict quality requirements and legal stipulations in the EU. In order to ensure the quality,
our products regularly go through an extra quality check, both by an internal quality department and by
specialized external organisations. If, all precautionary measures notwithstanding, problems should occur,
please make appeal to our warranty (see guarantee conditions).
General Warranty Conditions Concerning Consumer Products
(for EU):
• All consumer products are subject to a 24-month warranty on production flaws and defective material as from
the original date of purchase.
• Velleman® can decide to replace an article with an equivalent article, or to refund the retail value totally or
partially when the complaint is valid and a free repair or replacement of the article is impossible, or if the
expenses are out of proportion.
You will be delivered a replacing article or a refund at the value of 100% of the purchase price in case of a flaw
occurred in the first year after the date of purchase and delivery, or a replacing article at 50% of the purchase
price or a refund at the value of 50% of the retail value in case of a flaw occurred in the second year after the
date of purchase and delivery.
• Not covered by warranty:
- all direct or indirect damage caused after delivery to the article (e.g. by oxidation, shocks, falls, dust, dirt,
humidity...), and by the article, as well as its contents (e.g. data loss), compensation for loss of profits;
- consumable goods, parts or accessories that are subject to an aging process during normal use, such as
batteries (rechargeable, non-rechargeable, built-in or replaceable), lamps, rubber parts, drive belts...
(unlimited list);
- flaws resulting from fire, water damage, lightning, accident, natural disaster, etc.…;
- flaws caused deliberately, negligently or resulting from improper handling, negligent maintenance, abusive
use or use contrary to the manufacturer’s instructions;
- damage caused by a commercial, professional or collective use of the article (the warranty validity will be
reduced to six (6) months when the article is used professionally);
- damage resulting from an inappropriate packing and shipping of the article;
- all damage caused by modification, repair or alteration performed by a third party without written permission
by Velleman®.
• Articles to be repaired must be delivered to your Velleman® dealer, solidly packed (preferably in the original
packaging), and be completed with the original receipt of purchase and a clear flaw description.
• Hint: In order to save on cost and time, please reread the manual and check if the flaw is caused by obvious
causes prior to presenting the article for repair. Note that returning a non-defective article can also involve
handling costs.
• Repairs occurring after warranty expiration are subject to shipping costs.
• The above conditions are without prejudice to all commercial warranties.
The above enumeration is subject to modification according to the article (see article’s manual).
Made in PRC
Imported by Velleman nv
Legen Heirweg 33, 9890 Gavere, Belgium
www.velleman.eu