Visual Technology VISUAL 400 User manual

400
VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL
REFERENCE MANUAL
Visual Technology Incorporated
540 Main Street , Tewksbury , MA 01876, Telephone [phone], Telex 951 -539 Printed in U.S.A.

WARNING
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and
if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may
cause interference to radio communications. As temporarily permitted by
regulation it has not been tested for compliance with the limits for Class A
computing devices pursuant
to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are
designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference. Oper-
ation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in
which
case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever
measures may be required to correct the interference.

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL
REFERENCE MANUAL
June 1981

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
SAFETY WARNING
Hazardous voltages 115, 220 VAC and 15 KV DC are present when the
,terminal is on, and may remain after power is removed. Use caution when
working
on internal circuits, and do not work alone.
When handling the cathode ray tube caution is required as the internal
phosphor is toxic. Safety goggles and gloves must be used whenever the
CRT tube is handled. Should the tube break, skin or eyes exposed to the
phosphor, rinse the affected
area with cold water and consult a physician.
This terminal
is supplied with acord set that includes a safety ground. Do
not
use this terminal with an ungrounded outlet, missing ground pin, or
use any adaptor which will defeat the safety ground.
Insure that power is turned off before connecting or disconnecting the
keyboard cable.
PREFACE
This manual describes the features and operation of the VISUAL 400
display terminal. Programming and application information together
with
first level service information is also included. For second level mainte-
nance information, please consult the VISUAL 100/400 Maintenance
Manual.
This manual is published and distributed by Visual Technology Inc. and is
intended for reference only. The contents and specifications may change
after the date of printing. This manual may not be reproduced without
the written consent of Visual Technology, Inc.

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION .................................................. .
1.1 COMMONLY USED TERMS ...................................... .
2.
SPECIFICATIONS/CHARACTERISTICS ................................ .
2.1 KEYBOARD .................................................. .
2.2 VIDEO MONITOR AND COMPOSITE VIDEO
........................ .
2.3
P.C.B. AND COMMUNICATION INTERFACE ........................ .
2.4 GENERAL
SPECI FICATIONS .................................... .
3. START-UP PROCEDURES
........................................... .
3.1 INSTALLATION ............................................... .
3.2 SET-UP MODES
................................................ .
3.2.1
General ................................................. .
3.2.1.1 How
to Enter SET-UP MODE' ....................... .
3.2.1.2 How
to Determine the Status of SET-UP Features ........ .
3.2.1.3 How
to Change SET-UP Features ..................... .
3.2.1.4 Performing a RECALL Operation .
~ .................. .
3.2.1.5 Performing aSAVE Operation
....................... .
3.2.1.6 Performing a RESET Operation
...................... .
3.2.2 SET-UP Feature Definitions
............................... .
3.2.2.1 Line/Local
...................................... .
3.2.2.2 Column Mode
.................................... .
3.2.2.3
Tabs ........................................... .
3.2.2.4
Screen Brightness ................................. .
3.2.2.5 Scrolling Mode
................................... .
3.2.2.6 Autorepeat Mode
................................. .
3.2.2.7
Screen Mode ..................................... .
3.2.2.8 Cursor Selection
................................•..
3.2.2.9 Margin Bell ...................................... .
3.2.2.10 Keyclick ........................................ .
3.2.2.11 Transmitter XON/XOFF
........................... .
3.2.2.12 ReceiverXON/XOFF
.............................. .
3.2.2.13 Line Transmit Mode
............................... .
3.2.2.14 Autowrap Mode
.................................. .
3.2.2.15 Linefeed New Line Mode
........................... .
3.2.2.16
Auto Tab Mode ........ , .......................... .
3.2.2.17 Parity Enable
............. ' ....................... .
3.2.2.18 Parity
Sense .......................... : .......... .
3.2.2.19 Bits
Per Character ................................. .
3.2.2.20
Refresh Rate .................................... .
3.2.2.21 Duplex
......................................... .
3.2.2.22 Local Echo
...................................... .
3.2.2.23 Turn Around
.................................... .
iii
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17
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17
17
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21

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
TABLE OF CONTENTS -Continued
Page
3.2.2.24 Character/Block Mode ............................. .
21
3.2.2.25 Control Representation Mode ....................... .
21
3.2.2.26 Erasure Mode .................................... .
21
3.2.2.27 Vertic Ie Editing Mode ............................. .
21
3.2.2.28 Horizontal Editing Mode ........................... .
21
3.2.2.29 Edit Boundary Mode .............................. .
21
3.2.2.30 Select Editing Extent Mode ......................... .
21
3.2.2.31 .Guarded Area Transfer Mode ........................ . 22
3.2.2.32 Transmit Request Mode
............................ . 22
3.2.2.33 Multiple Area Transfer Mode
........................ . 22
3.2.2.34 Transfer Termination Mode
......................... . 22
3.2.2.35 Modified Data Area TransferMode
................... . 22
3.2.2.36
Page Transfer Mode ............................... . 22
3.2.2.37
Xmit Speed ..................................... . 22
3.2.2.38 Receive
Speed ................................... .
;,,~>
22
3.2.2.39 Answerback
Message .............................. . 22
3.2.2.40 Select Keyboard
layout ............................ . 23
3.2.2.41 Start
of Message Code (SaM) ........................ . 24
3.2.2.42 Area Separator Code (AS)
.......................... . 24
3.2.2.43 First
and Second End of Line Codes (FEOl & SEOl) ..... . 24
3.2.2.44 First
and Second End of Message Codes (FEOM &SEOM) ..
25
3.2.2.45 Turn Around Control Code (TACC)
................... .
25
4. KEYBOARD CONTROLS AND l.E.D.'S ............ ~ .................... .
27
5. TERMINAL PROGRAMMING ........................................ . 33
5.1 GENERAL .................................................... . 33
5.2 CONTROL CODES
............................................. . 34
5.3 CONTROL SEQUENCE FUNCTIONS
............................... . 34
5.3.1 Scrolling Region Command
................................. . 35
5.3.2 Cursor Movement Commands
................................ . 35
5.3.3 Tabbing Commands
....................................... . 37
5.3.4 Erasure Commands
........................................ . 39
5.3.5 Character Size
and Screen Alignment Commands ................. . 41
5.3.6 Program Function Key Command ............................ .
41
5.3.7 Program lED Command ................................... . 42
5.3.8 Save/Restore Cursor Commands
.............................. . 42
5.3.9 Report Commands
and Responses ............................ . 42
5.3.10 Test Command
........................................... . 43
5.3.11 Character Set Commands
................................... . 44
5.3.12 Editing Commands
........................................ . 44
5.3.13 Set Communication Control
Codes Command ................... . 47
iv

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
TABLE OF CONTENTS -Continued
Page
5.3.14 Video Attribute Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.15 Remote Transmit Command
................................. 48
5.3.16
Reset Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.17 Define Area Qualification Command
........................... 48
5.3.18 Clear
Attribute Code Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.4 MODES (SET/RESET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.4.1 Guarded Area Transfer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.4.2 Keyboard
Action Mode ..................................... 56
5.4.3 Control Representation Mode
................................ 56
5.4.4 Insert Replace
Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.4.5 Erasure
Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.4.6 Vertic
Ie Editing Mode ...................................... 57
5.4.7 Horizontal Editing Mode
.................................... 57
5.4.8 Character Mode
........................................... 57
5.4.9 Multiple Area Transfer Mode
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.4.10 Transfer Termination Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.4.11 Linefeed New Line Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.4.12 Protect
Mode............................................ . 58
5.4.13 Autotab Mode
............................................ 58
5.4.14 Modified Data Area Transfer Mode
............................ 58
5.4.15 Column
Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.4.16 Scrolling
Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.4.17
Screen Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.4.18 Origin Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
5.4.19 Autowrap Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.20 Autorepeat Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.21 Transmit Request Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.22 Line Transmit Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.5 SELECT EDITING EXTENT MODE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6. DATA TRANSMISSION .............................................. 63
6.1 MODES ....................................................... 63
6.2 MESSAGE
FRAMING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.2.1 Block Mode Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.2.2 Function Key, Answerback and Status Transmissions
.............. 66
6.2.3 Line Drawing
and Foreign Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.3
HALF/FULL-DUPLEX ........... :............................... 68
6.3.1
Half-Duplex...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.3.2
Full-Duplex.............................................. 68
6.4
XON/XOFF SYNCHRONIZATION.. . .. .. ... . . . .. . . ... . . ... . . .. . ... . 68
7. BUFFERED PRINTER INTERFACE OPTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 71
7.1 GENERAL..................................................... 71

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
TABLE OF CONTENTS -Continued
Page
7.2 SET-UP P FEATURE DEFINITIONS ................................ 74
7.2.1 Copy Mode....................................... ........ 74
7.2.2 Printer Controller Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
7.2.3 Auto Print Mode
.......................................... 74
7.2.4 Underline Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
7.2.5 Printer
Busy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
7.2.6 Printer
Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
7.2.7 LF Suppress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
7.2.8
Cancel Select ............................................. 75
7.2.9 Parity Select and parity Enable ............................... 75
7.2.10 Bits per Character ........................... " . ... . .. . .. . . . 76
7.2.11
Busy Polarity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7.2.12 Print Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7.3 PRINTER COMMANDS
AND MODES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 76
7.3.1 Print Line/Page Commands .................................. 76
7.3.2 Copy Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7.3.3 Printer Controller Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
7.3.4 Auto Print Mode
.......................................... 77
8 PAGING OPTION
................................................... 81
8.1 GENERAL..................................................... 81
8.2 MEMORY ORGANIZATION ................................. ,. . . .. 81
8.3 ADDITIONAL MODES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
8.3.1 Edit Boundary Mode
....................................... 85
8.3.2
Page Transfer Mode ........................................ 85
8.4
ADDITIONAL COMMANDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
8.4.1 Scroll Up
................................................ 87
8.4.2 Scroll Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
8.4.3 Next Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
8.4.4 Previous
Page ............................................. 88
8.4.5 Print
All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
8.5
ADDITIONAL KEYBOARD CONTROLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
8.6 MODIFIED COMMAND
OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . .. . ... . . .. . 88
8.6.1 Absolute Cursor Positioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
8.6.2 Horizontal
and Vertic Ie Position .............................. 88
8.6.3 Form
Feed .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
8.6.4 What
is Cursor Location Relative to Screen? ............ ;........ 88
8.6.5 What
is Cursor Location Relative to Entire Memory? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8.7 RECEIVING DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8.8 OPERATION RESTRICTIONS. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
9. FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE. ... . ..... ... .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9.1 GENE RAL ......................................... '. . . . . . . . . . . . 91
vi

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
TABLE OF CONTENTS -Continued
Page
9.2 REAR PANEL. . . .. . ... . .. . . . . . .... .. .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . ... .. .. . 91
9.2.1 Rear Panel Removal .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9.2.2 Rear Panel Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9.3 TOP COVER ................................................... 92
9.3.1 Top Cover Removal
....................................... . 92
9.3.2 Top Cover Installation
...................................... 92
9.4 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION......... . 92
9.5
TV MONITOR PCB REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 93
9.6 CRT AND
FLYBACK REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION................ 93
9.7
TV MONITOR ADJUSTMENTS .................................... 93
9.8 110/220
VOLT SELECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
9.9 TROUBLESHOOTING
........................................... 96
9.9.1 Self
Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
9.9.2 Fault
Isolation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
APPENDIX I - VISUAL 400 CONTROL SEQUENCE SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
APPENDIX II -GRAPHIC RENDITION OF CONTROL CODES ................. 105
APPENDIX 111- KEYBOARD LEGENDS
AND CHARACTER SETS. .. . . . . . . ... . .. 107
APPENDIX
IV -TURN-AROUND CONNECTOR FOR INTERFACE TESTS ........ 115
APPENDIX V - DECIMAL EQUIVALENT OF ASCII CODES. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . 117
vii

Figure 2-1
Figure 3-1
Figure 3-2A
Figure 3-2B
Figure 3-3
Figure 3-4
Figure 3-5
Figure
4-1
Figure 7-1
Figure 7-2
Figure
8-1
Figure 9-1
Figure 9-2
Figure 9-3
Figure 9-4
Table 2-1
Table 2-2
Table 3-1
Table 4-1
Table 4-2
Table 4-3
Table 4-4
Table 5-1
Table 5-2
Table 5-3
Table 5-4
Table 5-5
Table 5-6
Table 5-7
Table 5-8
Table 5-9
Table 6-1
Table 7-1
Table 7-2
Table 8-1
Table 8-2
Table 8-3
Table 8-4
VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
LIST OF FIGURES
Byte Configurations ....................................... .
SET-UP A Presentation
.................................... .
SET-UP B Presentation
..................................... .
SET-UP B Presentation,
Paging Option ......................... .
SET-UP B Summary
....................................... .
SET-UP C Presentation
..................................... .
SET-UP C Summary
.......................... ; ........... .
VISUAL 400 Keyboard Layout .............................. .
SET-UP P Presentation
..................................... .
SET-UP PSummary
....................................... .
Paging Memory Organization ................................ .
Rear Panel Screw Locations ................................. .
Top Cover Removal
....................................... .
Location
of TV Monitor Adjustments ......................... .
110/220 V Section ........................................ .
LIST OF TABLES
EIA RS232-C Signal Definitions and Connector Piris and 20 MA
Current Loop Pin Polarity Designations ........................ .
Initial Settings and Functions for Internal Switches ............... .
SET-UP Feature
Change Summary ............................ .
Codes Generated by Cursor Positioning Keys .................... .
FUNCTION Key Summary ................................. .
Default Values of Function Keys ............................. .
LED Summary
........................................... .
Control Code Summary .................................... .
Incremental Cursor Positioning Commands ..................... .
Selective Parameters Associated with "Report Terminal Parameters"
Response ............................................... .
Line Drawing Character Set
................................. .
Selective Parameters Associated with Video Attribute Command .... .
Selective Parameters Associated with Define Area Qualification
Command ............................................... .
Selective Parameters Associated with Clear Attribute Code Command ..
Selective Parameters Associated with Set/Reset Mode Control
Sequences ............................................... .
Selective Parameters Associated with Select Editing Extent Mode .... .
Combinations
of Transmission Modes ......................... .
Printer Port Pin Designations
................................ .
Summary
of Print Commands and Modes ....................... .
Format Effectors which
Cause Movement of the Document ........ .
Editor Functions which
Cause Movement of the Document ......... .
Editor Functions Affected by Edit Boundary Mode ............... .
Additional Keyboard Controls ............................... .
viii
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10
11
11
12
13
13
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72
73
82
91
92
94
95
4
5
15 .
29
30
31
32
33
36
43
45
48
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89

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01B76
1. INTRODUCTION
The new VISUAL 400 is a highly sophisticated smart editing video terminal utilizing the Z-80
microprocessor. The VISUAL 400 adheres to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
X3.64 standard for display terminals, thus making the VISUAL 400an ideal terminal for designing
a lasting
and flexible system architecture.
The
VISUAL 400 supports both conversational and buffered transmission modes with independent
transmit and receive rates
up to 19,200 b.p.s. The buffered mode permits the user to locally store
information and also allows extensive editing.
And editing is not merely limited to the insertion
and deletion
of lines and characters. The user may define whether data on the screen moves up or
down
for inserted/deleted lines, and right or left for inserted/deleted characters. Further, the user
may limit the extent of editing functions to the current field, line, area, or page, via software
selectable modes.
Multiple area definition including numeric only, alpha only, right justify, protect, must fill and
total fill ensures accurate, speedy data entry. •
When it comes to transmission, the VISUAL 400 allows all or any part of the screen to be trans-
mitted including modified fields only.
Message framing is completely user programmable as are the
twelve function keys.
Your operator will appreciate the advanced human engineering features of the VISUAL 400 like
smooth scrolling of data on the screen, block or underline cursor selection, detached keyboard with
n-key rollover and selectable autorepeat. Also a tiltable screen with etched non-glare faceplace
available in
green or white phosphor. We've eliminated all external switches, except for power
ON/OF F, through extensive use of non-volatile memory allowing terminal parameters to be con-
figured from the keyboard
as desired and the configuration saved for re-use.
1.1 COMMONLY USED TERMS
Control Sequence Introducer
Two codes (ESC [) which introduce all multi-code control sequences.
Pararpeter, Numeric and Selective
Character combinations from Column 3 of the ASCII Code Chart that are used in control
sequences. Numeric parameters are abbreviated Pn and usually specify how many times a
particular function is to be performed. Selective parameters are abbreviated Ps and usually
specify how a particular function is to be performed. The maximum decimal value of either
Pn or Ps in 255.
Area Attribute Code -(AAC)
A code stored in a non-displayable "phantom" position that defines the beginning or end
qualified display areas. AAC's are set using the Define Area Qualification or Set Tab com-
mands. A maximum of 32 AAC's may be set for anyone line. AAC's are recognized in
Block mode only and only when Protect mode is set but may be set while in Character
mode.
1

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
Area
A group of contiguous characters starting with an AAC and ending with the character imme-
diately preceding the next AAC, or the end of the screen. An area may extend over many
lines or may be a single character with an AAC controlling the data to be entered into the
character position. Areas exist in Block mode only and only when Protect mode is set.
Field
A group of contiguous characters starting at a tab stop and end at the next tab stop. A field
may contain one or many areas, but never less than one area. Fields exist in Block mode
. only.
2

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
2. SPECIFICATIONS/CHARACTERISTICS
The VISUAL 400 display terminal consists of three basic subassemblies: Keyboard, Video
Monitor, and Printer Circuit Board including communication interface. The following para-
graphs summarize the basic features
of each subassembly. Section 2.4 lists the general
specifications of the VISUAL 400.
2.1 KEYBOARD
The VISUAL 400 employs a field proven solid-state keyboard using capacitively coupled
keys for high reliability and long life. The keys are arranged in a familiar "typewriter" lay-
out as pictured in Figure 4-1.
The keyboard
is fully detachable from the terminal for operator comfort and optimal space
utilization. The cable leading from the keyboard is terminated with a 15-pinconnector
which plugs
into the receptable labeled keyboard on the rear panel.
All keys except those noted in Section 3.2.2.6 may also be defined to be "typomatic",
(auto repeat) or non-typomatic. The typomatic feature allows the codes for the depressed
key
to be generated at a rate of 30 characters per second.
Section 4 details all keys on the keyboard and the code(s) they generate.
2.2
VIDEO MONITOR AND COMPOSITE VIDEO
The Video Monitor used in the VISUAL 400 is a high quality 12" cathode ray tube (CRT).
The CRT
uses a P4 white phosphor and a non-interlaced raster scanning method to produce
crisp,
easy to read characters of high resolution. The CRT includes a non-glare faceplate to
assure easy readability even in the brightest environments. Characters are formed using
7 x 7
dot matrix for upper case, and 7 x 9 for lower case. The VISUAL 400 also has a CRT
saver feature which causes the screen to dim if the terminal is inactive for a period of
8 minutes. Hitting any key on the keyboard will cause the screen to return to normal
intensity. This feature greatly prolongs CRT life.
The format for character display may be either 24 lines of 80 characters or 24 lines of
132 characters. Characters may also be formed in double heights and double widths on a
line by line basis.
Composite video output is provided via a jack on the rear panel. This feature will drive
another T.V.
monitor of the following specifications:
1. Video Bandwidth 12 MHz
2. Horizontal Frequency 15.6 kHz
3. Voltage
Output 1.5 Volts, Peak to Peak
2.3 P.C.B. AND COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
A single, vertically mounted printed circuit board (P.C.B.) contains all necessary program "
memory (ROM) and display memory (RAM). The P.C.B. utilizes a convection cooled, no-
fan design
for high reliability and silent operation.
3

Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
17
18
19
20
21
23*
25
VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
The VISUAL 400 provides as standard, both an EIA RS232-C and a 20-milliampere current
loop interface. Both interfaces conform
to a bit-serial, asynchronous, start-stop format and
may operate in either a half-duplex or full-duplex mode.
The E
IA RS232-C interface provides all control and sequencing signals for interfacing to
remote equipment through a modem or for direct connection to local equipment. This
interface labeled
EIA, is located on the rear panel and interfaces with the communications
line
via a 25 pin connector. Table 2-1 lists all the EIA signal·definitions and connector pins
for the RS232-C interface.
The 20-milliampere current loop interface may
be passive or active and allows direct connec-
tion
to most equipment. Table 2-1 lists the pin polarity designations for the 20-milliampere
current loop interface.
TABLE 2-1
EIA RS232-C SIGNAL DEFINITIONS AND CONNECTOR PINS,
AND 20 MA CURRENT LOOP PIN POLARITY
RS232-C CCITTV24
Mnemonic Mnemonic Definition
AA 101
Protective Ground
BA 103 Transmit Data
to Modem
BB
104
Receive Data from Modem
CA 105 Request-to-Send
CB 106 Clear-to-Send
CC
107 Data Set Ready
AB 102 Signal Ground
CF 109 Carrier Detect
SCA -Secondary Channel Request-to-Send (202 modem)
SCF
122 Secondary Channel Carrier Detect
--Current Loop Receive -
--Current Loop Receive +
SCA 120 Secondary Channel Request-to-Send (RS232, V24 modem)
CD 108.2 Data Terminal Ready
--Current Loop Transmit +
CH
.111
Speed Select, always ON (High Speed)
--Current Loop
Transmit-
*Pin 23 is used on some dual-speed modems to select speed. This VISUAL 400 always has this signal ON. If low speed
operation
of the dual-speed modem is desired, it is necessary to "float" pin 23 (extract pin 23 from the modem cable at
one end).
4

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
The EIA RS232-C or 20-milliampere current loop interface is selected via a row of 8minia-
ture dip switches located at position U73 on the P.C.B. Table 2-2 summarizes the initial
switch setting
and the function of each miniature switch.
TABLE 2-2
INITIAL SETTINGS AND FUNCTIONS FOR INTERNAL SWITCHES
Switch Initial .
Number Setting OFF
ON
Comments
1 OFF Disable Optional Enable Optional No Optional
Character Generator Character Generator
ROM in
ROM
ROM
Standard Unit
2 OFF EIA Interface
Cu rrent Loop
Interface
3 OFF
EIA Interface or
Cu rrent Loop
Receive
Cu rrent Loop Interface
Passive
Active
4 OFF
Passive Cu rrent Active
Cu rrent
Receive
Loop Interface Loop Interface
(Exterior Current (V400 Current
Source) Source)
5 OFF
EIA Interface or
Cu rrent Loop X-mit
Current Loop Interface
Passive
Active
6 OFF
Passive Current Active Current X-mit
Loop Interface Loop Interface
7 OFF
Pin #19 on EIA
Pin #19 Switches For
EIA
Interface Appropriately Secondary
Disconnected
Channel
8
ON
Pin #11 on EIA
Pin #11 Switches For Bell 202
Interface Appropriately Secondary
Disconnected
Channel
Examples of Typical Settings
1. Passive Current Loop Interface; Switches 2, 3,5 ON
2. Active Current Loop Interface; Switches 2, 4, 6 ON
3. EIA RS232/CCITT V24, Switch 7 ON (all other switches OFF)
4. Bell 202 Interface, Switch 8 ON (all other switches OFF)
5

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
Other communication interface features include:
• Local copy capability
for applications requiring the "echoing" of transmitted
data
(see Section 3.2.2.21)
• 16 data rates ranging from 50 to 19,200 baud
• Independent transmit/receive rates
• Odd, even, or no parity, generated on transmit and checked on receive
• 7 or 8 bit ASCII Code. (See Figure 2-1 for various byte configurations)
• Half-Duplex or Full-Duplex
• Secondary Channel
• Programmable Line Turnaround Code
BYTE DESCRIPTION BYTE CONFIGURATION
LSB MSB
7 BIT WITH NO PARITY
I S 111 II 2 II 3 il\ 4 II 5:1 61 7 ISTOP
LSB,
MSB
7 BIT WITH PARITY
LSB MSB
8 BIT WITH NO PARITY
8 BIT WITH PARITY LSB MSB
(MARK)I~
(SPACE). S ,I, II 211
3
II 4 I5 il6 I 7\ 81\ pi STOP
S
STARTBIT,ALWAYS=O
LSB LEAST SIGNIFICANT DATA BIT
MSB MOST SIGNIFICANT DATA BIT
(ALWAYS SPACE, WITH 8 BIT CODE)
STOP STOP BIT(S), 2 AT 110 BAUD OR LESS,
1 AT HIGHER THAN 110 BAUD
P
PARITY BIT, ODDOR EVEN
Figure 2-1. Byte Configurations
6

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
2.4 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
TERMINAL TYPE:
COMMUNICATION
Code:
Type:
Speed:
Method:
Mode:
Parity:
Interface:
Stop Bits:
SCREEN PRESENTATION
Display
Unit:
Format:
Cursor:
ANSI X3.64 Standard,
TTY Compatible Z-80 Microprocessor
based.
128 Character ASCII
Serial Asynchronous
Independent Xmit/receive rates; 50,75, 110
134.5,150,200,300,600,1200,1800,2000
2400,3600,4800,9600,19,200
Character by Character (conversational) or Block
Full-duplex
with or without local echo, or Half-duplex
Odd,
even, none
E
IA RS232-C and 20/50 M.A. current loop
2 at 110 BPS or below, 1 at 134.5 BPS and above
12" non-glare CRT. Composite video output
24 lines by 80 columns, or 24 lines by 132 columns
Blinking block or blinking underline, selectable
Character Formation: 7 x 7 dot matrix with 2 dot lower-case extenders
Character
Presentation:
Refresh Rate:
Character
Sets:
Video Attributes:
Multiple Area
Definition:
DATA ENTRY:
Single/double heights and widths, selectable on line basis
50/60 Hz
128 ASCII, German, Swedish/Finnish, Norwegian/Danish,
French, U.K., Spanish, Portuguese; plus 32 character graphics
all standard
Underline, reverse-video, blink, bold in any combination
Numeric only, alpha only, alph-numeric, right justify, must
fill, total fill, protect, protect and guard
Scroll mode, selectable scroll area, smooth scroll.
AUDIBLE INDICATORS; On receipt of BEL code, keyclick for xmitted codes and error
indicator, selectable bell at column 72/124.
EXTERNAL OPERATOR
CONTROLS: Power ON/OFF
LED INDICATORS: Line/Local, Keyboard Locked, Character/Block Mode, Insert
Mode, Protect,Mode, Programmable LED
7

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
KEYBOARD:
DIAGNOSTICS:
POWER:
PHYSICAL:
OPERATING RANGE:
OPTIONS:
STANDARDS:
Detachable sol id-state, capacitive scan technology, selectable
auto repeat.
Self test
117 x AC ±
15% @ 1A, 250 VAC ± 15% @ .5A
H x W x D;
13" x 17" x 21", weight: Keyboard 6 Ibs,
Terminal 37 Ibs.
10 to 40 degrees Celsius, -20 to 60 (storage)
Humidity 5% to 95% non-condensing
Serial Buffered Printer Interface
Green Phosphor Screen
2 or 4 Extra Pages of Memory
Listed U.L. 478 File E73056
8

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
3. START-UP PROCEDURES
3.1 INSTALLATION
When installing the VISUAL 400 for the first time, or when moving the terminal to a new
location
or new communications trunk, the following steps should be followed.
1. Unpack the terminal and place it in the desired work area.
2. Tilt the terminal portion up and read the voltage value from the serial number tag.
If the voltage is correct, proceed to step 4.
3. If the voltage is incorrect, change the transformer wiring as described in
Section 8.8.
4.
If the interface is EIA, proceed with step 7.
5. If the interface is current loop, remove the rear panel (Section 8.2) and set the
internal switches
as defined in Table 2-2.
6. Install the rear panel.
7. Plug in the Keyboard cable, Interface cable, and Printer cable into the corre-
sponding connector.
8. Power on the terminal.
9.
If intensity is too low, cursor not visible, press SET-UP key once, then press and
hold the [£J key until the screen presentation is visible.
10. Proceed with SET-UP procedure as described in Section 3.2.
3.2 SET-UP MODES
3.2.1 General
The
VISUAL 400 does not use exterior switches or jumpers to determine which built-in ter-
minal features will be on or off. Instead, a nonvolative RAM memory is used to remember
which features
and modes are enabled and disabled. Terminal features and modes are
selected and stored in a special mode called SET-UP mode. When SET-UP mode is entered,
the status
of terminal features is displayed on the screen. You can then change the terminal
features
to any desired configuration. Once the desired configuration is selected, the termi-
nal will function per the new configuration on either temporary basis (by exiting SET-UP
mode) or fixed basis (by performing the SAVE operation).
SET-UP mode is divided into three parts; SET-UP A, SET-UP B and SET-UP C*.SET-UP A
shows whether
an 80 or 132 column screen format is selected and also displays the location
of each columnar tab stop. Each SET-UP A feature is described in detail in Section 3.2.2.
SET-UP B and SET-UP C summarize the status of other terminal features and are also
described in detail in Section 3.2.2. Table 3-1 summarizes the various features that are
determined in SET-UP A, B, and C.
*If the buffered printer option is present, SET-UP mode is divided into 4 parts, see Section 7.
9

VISUAL TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540 MAIN STREET, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876
3.2.1.1 How to Enter SET-UP Mode
SET-UP A is entered by depressing the SET-UP key on the keyboard. SET-UP 8 may only
be entered from SET-UP A and SET-UP C may only be entered from SET-UP 8 and are
entered by depressing the I ~·I key on the keyboard.
Subsequent depressions
of the rn key will alternately switch between SET-UP A, SET-
UP 8 and SET-UP C.
3.2.1.2 How to Determine the Status of SET-UP Features
When SET-UP A
is entered, the screen will display a presentation as shown in Figure 3-1.
This presentation shows the location
of each tab stop, as indicated by a "T" and also shows
whether
an 80 column or 132 column format is enabled.
SET-UP A
TO EXIT PRESS "SET-UP"
T T T T T T T T T
123456789ot.JU1:rI:pnn 2345678901tJU11J:pnn 2345678901.JU1:rI:pnn 234567890l
N
f.:W::I:w:1tpr:::ll1l:1CiI:r.l:r.'Iplr:t
1
1
Figure 3-1. SET-UP A Presentation
When SET-UP 8
is entered, the screen will display a presentation as shown in Figure 3-2A.
This presentation shows which features
are enabled per the summary in Figure 3-3.
If the Paging Option is installed, the SET-UP 8 presentation will be altered slightly as
indicated in Figure 3.28.
10