VMware vSphere 4 User manual

VERSION 4.0.1
User’s Manual

Please note that you can always find the most up-to-date technical docu-
mentation on our Web site at http://www.vmware.com/support/.
The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.
Copyright © 1998–2003 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos.
6,397,242 and 6,496,847; patents pending. VMware, the VMware boxes logo, GSX Server and ESX Server are
trademarks of VMware, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other marks and names mentioned herein
may be trademarks of their respective companies. Revision: 20030717 Item: WS-ENG-Q203-003
VMware, Inc.
3145 Porter Drive
Palo Alto, CA 94304
www.vmware.com

Table of Contents
3
Introduction and System Requirements __________________________ 11
Powerful Virtual Machine Software for the Technical Professional ________13
What’s New in Version 4 __________________________________________14
New in Version 4 _____________________________________________14
Host System Requirements ________________________________________16
Virtual Machine Specifications _____________________________________19
Supported Guest Operating Systems ________________________________22
Technical Support Resources ______________________________________24
Documentation on the Web ____________________________________24
VMware Knowledge Base ______________________________________24
VMware Newsgroups __________________________________________24
Reporting Problems ___________________________________________24
Installing VMware Workstation _________________________________ 27
Selecting Your Host System _____________________________________28
Installing VMware Workstation 4 on a Windows Host ___________________29
Installing the VMware Workstation Software ________________________29
Uninstalling VMware Workstation 4 on a Windows Host _______________33
Installing VMware Workstation 4 on a Linux Host _______________________34
Before Installing on a Linux Host _________________________________34
Installing the VMware Workstation Software ________________________35
Configuring Your Web Browser __________________________________37
Uninstalling VMware Workstation 4 on a Linux Host __________________37
Upgrading VMware Workstation ________________________________ 39
Preparing for the Upgrade ________________________________________41
Before You Install VMware Workstation 4 ___________________________41
When You Remove Version 2 or 3 and Install Version 4 ________________42
Upgrading from Version 2 or 3 to Version 4 _________________________44
Using Virtual Machines Created with Version 3 under Version 4 ___________47
Create Everything New from the Start _____________________________47
Use an Existing Configuration File and Virtual Disk ___________________47
Use an Existing Virtual Machine and Upgrade the Virtual Hardware ______48
Upgrading Virtual Hardware in the Guest Operating System ____________49
Upgrading the Virtual Hardware in an Existing Virtual Machine _________57

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Using Virtual Machines Created with Version 2 under Version 4 ___________58
Upgrading Virtual Hardware in the Guest Operating System ___________58
Creating a New Virtual Machine _________________________________ 63
Setting Up a New Virtual Machine __________________________________65
What’s in a Virtual Machine? ____________________________________65
Simple Steps to a New Virtual Machine ____________________________66
Installing a Guest Operating System and VMware Tools __________________74
Installing Windows XP as a Guest Operating System ____________________75
Installing VMware Tools __________________________________________77
VMware Tools for Windows Guests _______________________________77
VMware Tools for Linux Guests __________________________________81
VMware Tools for FreeBSD Guests ________________________________83
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine ________________85
VMware Tools Configuration Options ________________________________86
Using the System Console to Configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest
Operating System ____________________________________________88
Running VMware Workstation __________________________________ 91
Overview of the VMware Workstation Window ______________________93
Starting a Virtual Machine on a Windows Host ______________________96
Starting a Virtual Machine on a Linux Host _________________________98
Checking the Status of VMware Tools _____________________________98
Using Full Screen Mode ________________________________________99
Using Quick Switch Mode _____________________________________100
Taking Advantage of Multiple Monitors ___________________________100
Fitting the VMware Workstation Window to the Virtual Machine _______101
Fitting a Windows Guest Operating System’s Display to the VMware
Workstation Window _________________________________________101
Simplifying the Screen Display __________________________________102
Installing New Software in the Virtual Machine _____________________103
Cutting, Copying and Pasting Text _______________________________104
Using Shared Folders _________________________________________104
Using Drag and Drop _________________________________________107
Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines ______________________107
Taking and Reverting to a Snapshot _____________________________108
Shutting Down a Virtual Machine _______________________________108
Adding, Configuring and Removing Devices in a Virtual Machine ______109
Connecting and Disconnecting Removable Devices _________________110

5
Creating a Screen Shot of a Virtual Machine _______________________110
Setting Preferences for VMware Workstation _______________________110
Setting Application Settings for VMware Workstation ________________112
Command Reference _________________________________________114
Keyboard Shortcuts __________________________________________115
Moving and Sharing Virtual Machines ___________________________ 117
Moving a VMware Workstation 4 Virtual Machine _____________________119
Virtual Machines Use Relative Paths ______________________________119
Preparing Your Virtual Machine for the Move ______________________119
Moving a Virtual Machine to a New Host Machine __________________120
Moving a VMware Workstation 3.1 or 3.2 Virtual Machine _______________121
Virtual Machines May Have Relative or Absolute Paths _______________121
Preparing Your Virtual Machine for the Move ______________________121
Moving a Virtual Machine to a New Host Machine __________________122
Moving an Older Virtual Machine __________________________________124
Preparing Your Virtual Machine for the Move ______________________124
Preparing the New Host Machine _______________________________125
Considerations for Moving Disks in Undoable Mode _________________126
Sharing Virtual Machines with Other Users ___________________________128
Using Disks _________________________________________________ 129
Configuring Hard Disk Storage in a Virtual Machine ____________________131
Disk Types: Virtual and Physical _________________________________131
File Locations _______________________________________________133
Updating Filenames for Virtual Disks Created with Earlier VMware
Products ___________________________________________________135
Defragmenting and Shrinking Virtual Disks ________________________136
Adding Drives to a Virtual Machine ________________________________138
Adding Virtual Disks to a Virtual Machine _________________________138
Adding Raw Disks to a Virtual Machine ___________________________140
Adding DVD or CD Drives to a Virtual Machine _____________________142
Adding Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine ________________________144
Connecting a CD-ROM or Floppy Drive to an Image File ______________145
Configuring a Dual-Boot Computer for Use with a Virtual Machine ________146
Configuring Dual- or Multiple-Boot Systems to Run with VMware
Workstation ________________________________________________148
Setting Up Hardware Profiles in Virtual Machines ___________________154

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Running a Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 Virtual
Machine from an Existing Multiple-Boot Installation _________________157
Setting Up the SVGA Video Driver for a Windows 95 Guest Operating
System Booted from a Raw Disk ________________________________158
Setting Up the SVGA Video Driver for Use with a Windows 98 Guest
Operating System Booted from a Raw Disk ________________________159
Do Not Use Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003
Dynamic Disks as Raw Disks ____________________________________161
Configuring Dual- or Multiple-Boot SCSI Systems to Run with VMware
Workstation on a Linux Host ___________________________________161
Installing an Operating System onto a Raw Partition from a Virtual Machine _166
Configuring a Windows Host ___________________________________166
Configuring a Linux Host ______________________________________169
Disk Performance in Windows NT Guests on Multiprocessor Hosts ________ 171
Improving Performance _______________________________________171
Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine ________________________ 173
Using Suspend and Resume ______________________________________175
Using the Snapshot ____________________________________________176
What Is Captured by the Snapshot? ______________________________176
Settings for the Snapshot _____________________________________177
Updating the Snapshot When You Change Virtual Machine Settings ____178
Removing the Snapshot ______________________________________178
Ways of Using the Snapshot ___________________________________178
The Snapshot and Legacy Disk Modes ___________________________179
The Snapshot and Repeatable Resume ___________________________179
The Snapshot and Legacy Virtual Machines _______________________180
The Snapshot and the Virtual Machine’s Hard Disks _________________180
The Snapshot and Other Activity in the Virtual Machine ______________181
Networking _________________________________________________ 183
Components of the Virtual Network ________________________________186
Common Networking Configurations ______________________________188
Bridged Networking _________________________________________188
Network Address Translation (NAT) ______________________________189
Host-Only Networking ________________________________________190
Custom Networking Configurations ________________________________192
Changing the Networking Configuration ____________________________195
Adding and Modifying Virtual Network Adapters ___________________195

7
Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host _________196
Enabling, Disabling, Adding and Removing Host Virtual Adapters ______200
Advanced Networking Topics ____________________________________203
Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration ___203
Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network _________________205
Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine ______207
Controlling Routing Information for a Host-Only Network on a Linux Host 209
Other Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on a Linux Host _____209
Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host _______210
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks _____________________211
Routing between Two Host-Only Networks _______________________215
Using Virtual Ethernet Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host __219
Understanding NAT ____________________________________________220
Using NAT _________________________________________________220
The Host Computer and the NAT Network ________________________220
DHCP on the NAT Network ____________________________________221
DNS on the NAT Network _____________________________________221
External Access from the NAT Network ___________________________221
Advanced NAT Configuration __________________________________222
Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host ____________226
Considerations for Using NAT __________________________________226
Using NAT with NetLogon _____________________________________227
Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File ________________________________228
Using Samba on a Linux Host _____________________________________231
Using Samba for File Sharing on a Linux Host ______________________231
Video and Sound ____________________________________________ 239
Setting Screen Color Depth in a Virtual Machine ______________________241
Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host ________________________241
Changing Screen Color Depth in the Virtual Machine ________________241
Changing XFree86 Video Resolutions on a Linux Host __________________243
Configuration _______________________________________________243
Possible Issues ______________________________________________243
Configuring Sound ____________________________________________245
Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and Windows NT Guest Operating
Systems ___________________________________________________245

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Connecting Devices __________________________________________ 247
Using Parallel Ports _____________________________________________250
Parallel Ports ________________________________________________250
Installation in Guest Operating Systems __________________________250
Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host ________________________251
Special Notes for the Iomega Zip Drive ___________________________253
Using Serial Ports ______________________________________________254
Using a Serial Port on the Host Computer _________________________254
Using a File on the Host Computer ______________________________255
Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine __________ 256
Connecting Two Virtual Machines _______________________________258
Special Configuration Options for Advanced Users __________________262
Examples: Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port _____________________263
Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host ________________________________266
Quick Answers ______________________________________________266
The Longer Story ____________________________________________266
V-Scan Code Table ___________________________________________269
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine _____________________________274
Notes on USB Support in Version 4 ______________________________274
Enabling and Disabling the USB Controller ________________________274
Connecting USB Devices ______________________________________274
Using USB with a Windows Host ________________________________275
Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host _________________275
Using USB with a Linux Host ___________________________________276
Who Has Control over a USB Device? _____________________________276
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine _________________277
Human Interface Devices ______________________________________278
Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device _______________________________279
Generic SCSI on a Windows Host Operating System _________________279
Generic SCSI on a Linux Host Operating System ____________________281
Performance Tuning _________________________________________ 283
Configuring and Maintaining the Host Computer _____________________285
Configuring VMware Workstation __________________________________286
General VMware Workstation Options ____________________________286
VMware Workstation on a Windows Host _________________________289
VMware Workstation on a Linux Host ____________________________290

9
Memory Usage Notes ___________________________________________292
Virtual Machine Memory Size __________________________________292
Reserved Memory ___________________________________________293
Using More Than 1GB of Memory on a Linux Host __________________294
Improving Performance for Guest Operating Systems __________________296
Windows 95 and Windows 98 Guest Operating System Performance Tips 296
Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Guest Operating
System Performance Tips ______________________________________298
Linux Guest Operating System Performance Tips ___________________300
Special-Purpose Configuration Options _________________________ 301
Locking Out Interface Features ____________________________________303
Removing a Forgotten Password ________________________________303
Restricting the User Interface _____________________________________305
Automatically Returning to a Snapshot with a Restricted User Interface __306
Glossary ____________________________________________________ 309
Index ______________________________________________________ 315

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1CHAPTER 1
11
Introduction and System
Requirements

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VMware Workstation 4 User’s Manual
Welcome to VMware Workstation
This section contains the following:
•What’s New in Version 4 on page 14
•Host System Requirements on page 16
•Virtual Machine Specifications on page 19
•Supported Guest Operating Systems on page 22
•Technical Support Resources on page 24
Thank you for choosing VMware™ Workstation, the powerful virtual machine software
that runs multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single PC
If you’re new to VMware Workstation, this is the place to start.
If you’re a veteran user of VMware products, take a few minutes to see what’s new in
version 4 and check out the notes on upgrading your installation.
The first chapters of this manual — through Running VMware Workstation on page 91
— introduce you to some of the things you can do with VMware Workstation and
guide you through the key steps for installing the software and putting it to work.
Later chapters provide in-depth reference material for getting the most out of the
sophisticated features of VMware Workstation.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction and System Requirements
13
Powerful Virtual Machine Software for the Technical
Professional
Using VMware Workstation, you can run multiple operating systems — including
Microsoft® Windows®, Linux, and Novell® NetWare® — simultaneously on a single PC
in fully networked, portable virtual machines. With more than 1.4 million users,
VMware Workstation has revolutionized software development by simplifying and
accelerating the process so dramatically that it has become a corporate standard for
developers and IT professionals worldwide.
Run the operating systems you need — all at once.
VMware Workstation is ideal for:
• Software development, testing, and deployment
• Application compatibility and operating system migration
• Training and sales demonstrations
• Software help desk and technical support
.
Host and Guest
• The physical computer
on which you install
the VMware
Workstation software
is called the host
computer, and its
operating system is
called the host
operating system.
• The operating system
running inside a virtual
machine is called a
guest operating
system.
• For definitions of these
and other special
terms, see the glossary
at the end of this
manual.

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VMware Workstation 4 User’s Manual
What’s New in Version 4
Whether you’re a long-time power user of VMware Workstation or a beginning user
who is just learning what you can do with virtual machines, the new features in
VMware Workstation 4 extend its capabilities and make it easier to use. This release
features
• Improved core support for x86 architecture PCs
• Improved multimedia support
• UI and usability improvements
• Improved networking infrastructure
New in Version 4
Here are some highlights of key features to explore in VMware Workstation 4:
Snapshots
You can take a snapshot of your virtual machine’s state, a point-in-time copy of the
running system state, saved to disk. You can revert to that snapshot at any time —
making it easier to do repetitive testing and debugging. You can also configure a
virtual machine so it reverts to the snapshot each time you power it off. See Taking
and Reverting to a Snapshot on page 108 for details.
Drag and Drop
You can drag and drop files and folders in both directions between Windows hosts
and Windows guests. See Using Drag and Drop on page 107 for details.
Shared Folders
Shared folders give you an easy way to share files between the host and one or more
guests. See Using Shared Folders on page 104 for details.
Full Debug Support
Programmers now have the full functionality of native program debugging within a
virtual machine with support for both user- and kernel-level debuggers. For more
information on configuring virtual machines for a debugging session, see Examples:
Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port on page 263.
Improved Sound and Video
Listen to music in a virtual machine with the high fidelity provided by the new sound
device, which emulates the popular Creative Labs Sound Blaster® AudioPCI. Get
upgraded high performance graphics that let you display streaming video without
skipping a beat.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction and System Requirements
15
New Operating System Support.
Get the freedom to choose the operating systems and applications that work best for
you. VMware Workstation 4 provides support for Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003;
Red Hat™ Linux 8.0 and 9.0, Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1, and Red Hat
Enterprise Linux Workstation 2.1; SuSE™ Linux 8.0, 8.1, 8.2 and Enterprise Server 8; and
Mandrake™ Linux 9.0.
New User Interface
The Linux user interface is updated throughout, and includes a completely revamped
Virtual Machine Control Panel. Windows hosts have an updated Favorites list. And on
both hosts, you can run multiple virtual machines in the same window and tab from
one to another using the new quick switch mode. See Running VMware Workstation
on page 91 for details.
Network Settings (Windows Host)
The Virtual Network Editor for Windows hosts now provides a graphical interface you
can use to change the configuration of the DHCP servers running on your virtual
networks. It also lets you configure the NAT device and the host virtual adapters. See
Changing the Networking Configuration on page 195 for details.

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VMware Workstation 4 User’s Manual
Host System Requirements
What do you need to get the most out of VMware Workstation 4? Take the following
list of requirements as a starting point. Remember that the virtual machines running
under VMware Workstation are like physical computers in many ways — and, like
physical computers, they generally perform better if they have faster processors and
more memory.
Note: VMware Workstation 4 is supported only on host processors and host
operating systems running in 32-bit mode; processors and operating systems running
in 64-bit mode are not supported.
PC Hardware
•StandardPC
• 500MHz or faster compatible x86 processor (recommended; 400MHz minimum)
Compatible processors include
• Intel®: Celeron®, Pentium® II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, Xeon™ (including
“Prestonia”)
• AMD™: Athlon™, Athlon MP, Athlon XP, Duron™, Opteron™
For additional information, including notes on processors that are not
compatible, see the VMware knowledge base at www.vmware.com/support/kb/
enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=967.
• Multiprocessor systems supported
Memory
• Enough memory to run the host operating system, plus memory required for
each guest operating system and for applications on the host and guest; see
your guest operating system and application documentation for their memory
requirements
• 256MB recommended, 128MB minimum
Display
• 16-bit display adapter recommended; greater than 8-bit display adapter required
• Linux hosts must have an X server that meets the X11R6 specification (such as
XFree86) and a video adapter supported by that server to run guest operating
systems in full screen mode

CHAPTER 1 Introduction and System Requirements
17
Disk Drives
• 100MB (for Windows hosts), 20MB (for Linux hosts) free space required for basic
installation
• At least 1GB free disk space recommended for each guest operating system and
the application software used with it; if you use a default setup, the actual disk
space needs are approximately the same as those for installing and running the
guest operating system and applications on a physical computer
• IDE or SCSI hard drives, CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives supported
• Guest operating systems can reside on physical disk partitions or in virtual disk
files
Local Area Networking (Optional)
• Any Ethernet controller supported by the host operating system
• Non-Ethernet networks supported using built-in network address translation
(NAT) or using a combination of host-only networking plus routing software on
the host operating system
Windows Host Operating Systems
• Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition,
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition
• Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home Edition with Service Pack 1
(listed versions also supported with no service pack)
• Windows 2000 Professional Service Pack 1, 2 or 3, Windows 2000 Server Service
Pack 1, 2 or 3, Windows 2000 Advanced Server Service Pack 1, 2 or 3 (listed
versions also supported with no service pack)
• Windows NT® Workstation 4.0 Service Pack 6a, Windows NT Server 4.0 Service
Pack 6a, Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition Service Pack 6
Caution: Do not install VMware Workstation on a Windows NT 4.0 Server system
that is configured as a primary or backup domain controller.
Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher required for Help system
Linux Host Operating Systems
Supported distributions and kernels are listed below. VMware Workstation may not
run on systems that do not meet these requirements.
Note: As newer Linux kernels and distributions are released, VMware modifies and
tests its products for stability and reliability on those host platforms. We make every
effort to add support for new kernels and distributions in a timely manner, but until a

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VMware Workstation 4 User’s Manual
kernel or distribution is added to the list below, its use with our products is not
supported. Look for newer prebuilt modules in the download area of our Web site. Go
to www.vmware.com/download/.
• Mandrake Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.19
• Mandrake Linux 8.2 — stock 2.4.18-6mdk
• Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 — stock 2.4.9-e3
• Red Hat Linux 8.0 — stock 2.4.18
• Red Hat Linux 7.3 — stock 2.4.18
• Red Hat Linux 7.2 — stock 2.4.7-10, upgrade 2.4.9-7, upgrade 2.4.9-13, upgrade
2.4.9-21, upgrade 2.4.9-31
• Red Hat Linux 7.1 — stock 2.4.2-2, upgrade 2.4.3-12
• Red Hat Linux 7.0 — stock 2.2.16-22, upgrade 2.2.17-14
• SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 — stock 2.4.19
• SuSE Linux 8.2 — stock 2.4.20
• SuSE Linux 8.1 — stock 2.4.19
• SuSE Linux 8.0 — stock 2.4.18
• SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 — stock 2.4.7 and patch 2
• SuSE Linux 7.3 — stock 2.4.10
Platforms not listed above are not supported.
Web browser required for Help system

CHAPTER 1 Introduction and System Requirements
19
Virtual Machine Specifications
Each virtual machine created with VMware Workstation 4 provides a platform that
includes the following devices that your guest operating system can see.
Processor
• Same processor as that on host computer
• Single processor per virtual machine on symmetric multiprocessor systems
Chip Set
• Intel 440BX-based motherboard with NS338 SIO chip and 82093AA IOAPIC
BIOS
• PhoenixBIOS™ 4.0 Release 6 with VESA BIOS
Memory
• Up to 1GB, depending on host memory
• Maximum of 1GB total available for all virtual machines
Graphics
• VGA and SVGA support
IDE Drives
• Up to four devices — disks, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM (DVD drives can be used to
read data DVD-ROM discs; DVD video is not supported)
• Hard disks can be virtual disks or physical disks
• IDE virtual disks up to 128GB
• CD-ROM can be a physical device or an ISO image file
SCSI Devices
• Up to seven devices
• SCSI virtual disks up to 256GB
• Hard disks can be virtual disks or physical disks
• Generic SCSI support allows devices to be used without need for drivers in the
host operating system
Works with scanners, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, tape drives and other SCSI devices
• Mylex® (BusLogic) BT-958 compatible host bus adapter (requires add-on driver
from VMware for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003)

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VMware Workstation 4 User’s Manual
Floppy Drives
• Up to two 1.44MB floppy devices
• Physical drives or floppy image files
Serial (COM) Ports
• Up to four serial (COM) ports
• Output to serial ports, Windows or Linux files, or named pipes
Parallel (LPT) Ports
• Up to two bidirectional parallel (LPT) ports
• Output to parallel ports or host operating system files
USB ports
• Two-port USB 1.1 UHCI controller
• Supports devices including USB printers, scanners, PDAs, hard disk drives,
memory card readers and still digital cameras
Keyboard
• 104-key Windows 95/98 enhanced
Mouse and Drawing Tablets
•PS/2mouse
• Serial tablets supported
Ethernet Card
• Up to three virtual Ethernet cards
• AMD PCnet-PCI II compatible
Sound
• Sound output and input
• Emulates Creative Labs Sound Blaster AudioPCI (MIDI input, game controllers
and joysticks not supported)
Virtual Networking
• Nine virtual Ethernet switches (three configured by default for bridged, host-
only and NAT networking)
• Virtual networking supports most Ethernet-based protocols, including TCP/IP,
NetBEUI, Microsoft Networking, Samba, Novell® NetWare® and Network File
System