Wuhan Huazhong Numerical Control Co., Ltd HNC-18iT v4.0 Operating instructions

© 2007 Wuhan Huazhong Numerical Control Co., Ltd
Century
Century
Century
Century Star
Star
Star
Star Turning
Turning
Turning
Turning CNC
CNC
CNC
CNC System
System
System
System
Programming
Programming
Programming
Programming Guide
Guide
Guide
Guide
V
V
V
V 3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
November,
November,
November,
November, 2007
2007
2007
2007
Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan Huazhong
Huazhong
Huazhong
Huazhong Numerical
Numerical
Numerical
Numerical Control
Control
Control
Control Co.,
Co.,
Co.,
Co., Ltd
Ltd
Ltd
Ltd

Preface
i
Preface
Preface
Preface
Preface
Organization
Organization
Organization
Organization of
of
of
of documentation
documentation
documentation
documentation
1. General
2. Preparatory Function
3. Interpolation Function
4. Feed Function
5. Coordinate System
6. Spindle Speed Function
7. Tool Function
8. Miscellaneous Function
9. Functions to Simplify Programming
10. Comprehensive Programming Example
11. Custom Macro
Applicability
Applicability
Applicability
Applicability
This Programming Guide is applicable to the following CNC system:
HNC-18iT/19iT v4.0
HNC-18xp/T
HNC-19xp/T
HNC-21TD/22TD v05.62.07.10
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet Address
Address
Address
Address
http://www.huazhongcnc.com/

Table of Contents
ii
Table
Table
Table
Table of
of
of
of Contents
Contents
Contents
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................. i
1 General ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 CNC Programming ..................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Interpolation ................................................................................................................ 4
1.2.1 Linear Interpolation ........................................................................................ 4
1.2.2 Circular Interpolation ...................................................................................... 5
1.2.3 Thread Cutting ................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Feed Function ............................................................................................................. 6
1.4 Coordinate System ...................................................................................................... 7
1.4.1 Reference Point ............................................................................................... 7
1.4.2 Machine Coordinate System ........................................................................... 8
1.4.3 Workpiece Coordinate System ........................................................................ 9
1.4.4 Setting Two Coordinate Systems at the Same Position ................................ 10
1.4.5 Absolute Commands ..................................................................................... 11
1.4.6 Incremental Commands ................................................................................ 12
1.4.7 Diameter/Radius Programming .................................................................... 13
1.5 Spindle Speed Function ............................................................................................ 14
1.6 Tool Function ............................................................................................................ 15
1.6.1 Tool Selection ............................................................................................... 15
1.6.2 Tool Offset .................................................................................................... 15
1.7 Miscellaneous Function ............................................................................................ 18
1.8 Program Configuration ............................................................................................. 19
1.8.1 Structure of an NC Program ......................................................................... 19
1.8.2 Main Program and Subprogram .................................................................... 20
2 Preparatory Function (G code) ............................................................................................. 21
2.1 G code List ................................................................................................................ 22
3 Interpolation Functions ......................................................................................................... 24
3.1 Positioning (G00) ..................................................................................................... 25
3.2 Linear Interpolation (G01) ........................................................................................ 26
3.3 Circulation Interpolation (G02, G03) ....................................................................... 31
3.4 Chamfering and Rounding (G01, G02, G03) ............................................................ 37
3.4.1 Chamfering (G01) ......................................................................................... 37
3.4.2 Rounding (G01) ............................................................................................ 38
3.4.3 Chamfering (G02, G03) ................................................................................ 40
3.4.4 Rounding (G02, G03) ................................................................................... 41
3.5 Thread Cutting with Constant Lead (G32) ............................................................... 43
3.6 Tapping (G34) ........................................................................................................... 46
4 Feed Function ....................................................................................................................... 49
4.1 Rapid Traverse (G00) ............................................................................................... 50
4.2 Cutting Feed (G94, G95) .......................................................................................... 51
4.3 Dwell (G04) .............................................................................................................. 52
5 Coordinate System ................................................................................................................ 53
5.1 Reference Position Return (G28) .............................................................................. 54
5.2 Auto Return from Reference Position (G29) ............................................................ 55
5.3 Setting a Workpiece Coordinate System (G92) ........................................................ 57
5.4 Selecting a Machine Cooridinate System (G53) ....................................................... 58
5.5 Selecting a Workpiece Coordinate System (G54~G59) ............................................ 59
5.6 Origin of a Workpiece Coordinate System (G51, G50) ............................................ 61
5.7 Absolute and Incremental Programming (G90, G91) ............................................... 62

Table of Contents
iii
5.8 Diameter and Radius Programming (G36, G37) ...................................................... 64
5.9 Inch/Metric Conversion (G20, G21) ......................................................................... 66
6 Spindle Speed Function ........................................................................................................ 67
6.1 Limit of Spindle Speed (G46) ................................................................................... 68
6.2 Constant Surface Speed Control (G96, G97) ............................................................ 69
7 Tool Function ........................................................................................................................ 71
7.1 Tool Selection and Tool Offset (T code) ................................................................... 72
7.2 Tool Radius Compensation (G40, G41, G42) ........................................................... 74
8 Miscellaneous Function ........................................................................................................ 76
8.1 M code List ............................................................................................................... 77
8.2 CNC M-Function ...................................................................................................... 78
8.2.1 Program Stop (M00) ..................................................................................... 78
8.2.2 Optional Stop (M01) ..................................................................................... 78
8.2.3 End of Program (M02) .................................................................................. 78
8.2.4 End of Program with return to the beginning of program (M30) ................. 78
8.2.5 Subprogram Control (M98, M99) ................................................................. 79
8.3 PLC M Function ....................................................................................................... 81
8.3.1 Spindle Control (M03, M04, M05) ............................................................... 81
8.3.2 Coolant Control (M07, M08, M09) .............................................................. 81
9 Functions to Simplify Programming .................................................................................... 82
9.1 Canned Cycles .......................................................................................................... 83
9.1.1 Internal Diameter/Outer Diameter Cutting Cycle (G80) .............................. 83
9.1.2 End Face Turning Cycle (G81) ..................................................................... 88
9.1.3 Thread Cutting Cycle (G82) ......................................................................... 91
9.1.4 End Face Peck Drilling Cycle (G74) ............................................................ 94
9.1.5 Outer Diameter Grooving Cycle (G75) ........................................................ 96
9.2 Multiple Repetitive Cycle ......................................................................................... 98
9.2.1 Stock Removal in Turning (G71) .................................................................. 98
9.2.2 Stock Removal in Facing (G72) ................................................................. 104
9.2.3 Pattern Repeating (G73) ............................................................................. 108
9.2.4 Multiple Thread Cutting Cycle (G76) ......................................................... 111
10 Comprehensive Programming .................................................................................... 114
10.1 Example 1 ............................................................................................................... 114
10.2 Example 2 ............................................................................................................... 116
10.3 Example 3 ............................................................................................................... 118
10.4 Example 4 ............................................................................................................... 119
11 Custom Macro .................................................................................................................... 120
11.1 Variables ................................................................................................................. 121
11.1.1 Type of Variables ........................................................................................ 121
11.1.2 System Variables ........................................................................................ 122
11.2 Constant .................................................................................................................. 129
11.3 Operators and Expression ....................................................................................... 130
11.4 Assignment ............................................................................................................. 131
11.5 Selection statement IF, ELSE,ENDIF ..................................................................... 132
11.6 Repetition Statement WHILE, ENDW ................................................................... 133
11.7 Macro Call .............................................................................................................. 134
11.8 Example .................................................................................................................. 136

1. General
1
1
1
1
1 General
General
General
General
This chapter is to introduce the basic concepts in Computerized Numerical Control (CNC)
system: HNC-21T /22 T, HNC-18iT/19iT, HNC-18xp/ T , HNC-19xp/ T .

1. General
2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1 CNC
CNC
CNC
CNC Programming
Programming
Programming
Programming
To operate CNC machine tool, the first step is to understand the part drawing and produce a
program manual script. The procedure for machining a part is as follows (Figure 1.1):
1) Read drawing
2) Produce the program manual script
3) Input the program manual script by using the machine control panel
4) Manufacture a part

1. General
3
1. Read drawing
4 0
ΖΦ60
Φ40
1 50
X
2. Produce the program manual script
N1 T0106
N2 M03 S460
N3 G00 X90Z20
N4 G00 X31Z3
N5 G01 Z-50 F100
N6 G00 X36
N7 Z3
…
3. Input the program manual script
4. Manufacture a part
X
Z
Figure 1 . 1 The workflow of operation of CNC machine tool

1. General
4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2 Interpolation
Interpolation
Interpolation
Interpolation
Interpolation refers to an operation in which the machine tool moves along the workpiece
parts. There are five methods of interpolation: linear, circular, helical, parabolic, and cubic.
Most CNC machine can provide linear interpolation and circular interpolation. The other
three methods of interpolation (helical, parabolic, and cubic interpolation) are usually used
to manufacture the complex shapes, such as aerospace parts. In this manual, linear and
circular interpolation are introduced.
1.2.1
1.2.1
1.2.1
1.2.1 L
L
L
L inear
inear
inear
inear Interpolation
Interpolation
Interpolation
Interpolation
There are two kinds of linear interpolation:
1) Tool movement along a straight line (Figure 1.2).
X
Z
Figure 1 . 2 Linear Interpolation (1)
2) Tool movement along the taper line
X
Z
Figure 1 . 3 Linear Interpolation (2)

1. General
5
1.2.2
1.2.2
1.2.2
1.2.2 Circular
Circular
Circular
Circular Interpolation
Interpolation
Interpolation
Interpolation
Figure 1.4 shows a tool movement along an arc.
X
Z
Figure 1 . 4 Circular Interpolation
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
In this manual, it is assumed that tools are moved against workpieces.
1.2.3
1.2.3
1.2.3
1.2.3 Thread
Thread
Thread
Thread Cutting
Cutting
Cutting
Cutting
There are several kinds of threads: c ylindrical, taper or face threads . To cut threads on a
workpiece, the tool is moved with spindle rotation synchronously .
Figure 1 . 5 Thread Cutting

1. General
6
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3 Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed Function
Function
Function
Function
- Feed refers to an operation in which the tool moves at a specified speed to cut a
workpiece.
- Feedrate refers to a specified speed, and numeric is used to specified the fe e drate .
- Feed function refers to an operation to control the fe e drate .
Tool
Chuck
Figure 1 . 6 Feed Function
For example:
F2.0 //feed the tool 2mm, while the workpiece makes one turn