Wyckomar UV-1 Manual

UV Purication Systems
Installation and
Maintenance
Manual
Models:
UV-1, UV-250,
UV-700, UV-1200, UV-1500,
UV-3000, UV-5000 and UV-6000

Copyright
Copyright by Wyckomar Inc. 2014. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form without the expressed, written permission of Wyckomar Inc.
Notice
Although Wyckomar has attempted to ensure the accuracy of the content of this manual, it is possible
that this document may contain technical inaccuracies, typographical, or other errors. Wyckomar as-
sumes no liability for any error in this publication, and for damages, whether direct, indirect, incidental,
consequential or otherwise
Wyckomar provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.
Use of the system is at the discretion of the buyer.
The published information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Wyckomar reserves the
right to make changes in the product design and layout without notication to its customers.
Please read this entire User Manual
before attempting to install your UV system.
Read and follow ALL safety precautions
Keep this manual in a safe place
for future reference.
Unit Serial Number:
Date of Purchase:
Please keep your sales receipt as proof of purchase for warranty purposes.
CAUTION - WARNING
The ballast and all electrical connections MUST
be mounted and installed ABOVE the water lines
to prevent the possibility of electrical shock in
case of a water leak.
See “Safety Precautions” on Page 4

UV Purication Systems
1
Congratulations on purchasing a Wyckomar UV purication system. Please read
through the installation procedures and follow all safety warnings when setting
up your system. Wyckomar Inc. manufactures several sizes of UV purication sys-
tems; however, they all operate on the same principle. Basic installation is the
same for most units. Refer to the exploded view diagrams for replacement parts.
Table of Contents
Section 1 - Introduction
How Ultraviolet Water Purication Works
How Your Wyckomar UV Water Purier Works
Section 2 - Setting Up
Safety Precautions
Important Considerations
Installation Diagrams
Installation
Start Up Operation
Section 3 - Maintenance
Disinfecting Your Water System
Ultraviolet Lamp Replacement
Quartz Dome or Sleeve Replacement / Cleaning
Changing Filter Cartridges
Filter Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Guide
Section 4 - Technical Info
Exploded Diagrams and Parts Lists
Section 5 - Accessories
Filter Sets and Cartridges
UV Monitoring System
Remote Output and Operation Logging
Purge Valve, Hour Meter
Section 6 - Contact and Warranty
Wyckomar Contact Info
Warranty Registration Card
Introduction
Page
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
22
14 - 21
23
24
25
26
27
28

UV Purication Systems
2
Introduction
How Ultraviolet Water Purication Works
Wyckomar Ultraviolet (UV) Puriers utilize the proven principle of ultraviolet light
radiation to eliminate or reduce unacceptable levels of microorganisms in water
and other liquids. Ultraviolet light energy destroys bacteria, viruses, fungi, spores,
algae and other such contaminants, which are pathogenic to humans, animals and
plants.
Ultraviolet purication is a completely natural, non-chemical, environmentally safe
technique, which adds nothing to, and removes nothing from the water (such as
trace minerals).
Factors Affecting UV Purication
The Wyckomar UV Purier is guaranteed to eliminate microbiological contamina-
tion only if the physical qualities of the inuent water supply are as follows:
Turbidity (Suspended Solids): Turbidity must be < 1.0 NTU at the time of disin-
fection. There must be a 5-micron or less sediment preltration system installed
before the UV system.
TDS (Total Dissolved Solids): Should not exceed approximately 500 ppm.
Total Hardness (Sum of Calcium & Magnesium): Must be < 10 gpg (grains per
gallon) of hardness, otherwise pretreatment is required.
Tannins & Colour: Must be < 2.0 ppm, or pretreatment is required.
Iron: Must be < 0.3 ppm.
Manganese: Must be < 0.05 ppm.
If your water quality parameters do not meet these criteria,
please contact the manufacturer for pretreatment recom-
mendations.

UV Purication Systems
3
Untreated water enters the lower portion of the purication chamber and ows
through the unit in an upward circular path. The spiraling movement assures the
maximum irradiation of the uid and helps prevent larger particles from blocking
the treatment of microorganisms. The purication chamber contains the ultra-
violet light-producing lamp. In operation, the lamp emits a bluish glow, which is
visible in the view port window on the side of some units. WARNING: DO NOT
LOOK AT THE UV LIGHT DIRECTLY. Looking through the view port is safe, since
the glass disc in the view port lters out the UV rays. On systems equipped with
a UV monitor, do not look at the UV light through the view port, as the quartz disc
that is used in this case does not lter out the UV rays.
If your unit does not have a view port, operation of the UV light is conrmed by a
green LED indicator lamp on the ballast. As long as the appropriate indicators are
glowing, the unit is working properly. An alarm will sound when the UV lamp is
not functioning. When the alarm is sounding, the lamp must be replaced for the
unit to operate properly. The alarm sounds also when the ballast is damaged for
any reason (e.g. from moisture buildup inside, or from having received a power
spike or lightning strike).
Introduction
How Your Wyckomar UV Water Purier Works
Untreated water IN
Treated water OUT
UV Lamp
To Power Source

UV Purication Systems
4
Setting Up
Safety Precautions
Please READ and FOLLOW all safety precautions.
SAVE these instructions.
Never expose your eyes directly to UV light.
This UV system is designed for indoor use only. Do not use this UV system where
it may be exposed to the elements. Protect the unit from freezing at all times.
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD
This UV system is installed near water. Please take all necessary precautions.
Other than where noted in this manual, DO NOT attempt to repair parts yourself,
but contact the manufacturer or authorized dealer for repair service.
The electronic ballast in this system can get damaged from voltage and/or fre-
quency deviations, caused by power outages or lightning strikes. Only connect
this UV system to a properly grounded outlet. A GFCI circuit is recommended.
It should not be plugged into the same circuit as a water pump, since the on/off
cycle of the pump can cause voltage spikes in the line.
It is highly recommended, especially in rural areas, to install a quality voltage
regulator or surge suppressor, rated at > 3600 Joules at the power input
to the ballast.
In older homes, the installation of plastic water treatment devices such as lter
housings may interrupt the water pipe’s electrical continuity to ground. This can
lead to pinhole leaking due to electrolysis or stray current corrosion. For preven-
tion, the piping has to be properly bonded and grounded. Contact a professional
plumber for information.
Ensure installation is in compliance with all local laws, regulations and codes.
DO NOT operate the UV system if the power cord, plug or any electrical compo-
nent appears to be damaged or if the unit has been dropped or damaged in any
way. Inspect the UV system after installation, and carefully check for leaks. DO
NOT plug in the system if there is water on any part(s) that are not intended to
be wet.
This system is to be used ONLY for its intended use of potable water disinfection.
DO NOT use attachments that are not approved by the manufacturer, as this may
cause problems with the UV system.

UV Purication Systems
5
Setting Up
Important Considerations
Wyckomar puriers are installed either at the main water supply line or at point
of use. In some installations, particularly where plumbing is old, the water may
become re-contaminated in the pipes between the purier and the faucet. Be sure
to follow instructions under “Disinfecting Your Water System” on Page 9
Wyckomar puriers are designed to be installed vertically and work best when
mounted in this position. However, in cases with space restrictions, the unit may
be mounted horizontally (see Installation Diagrams on Page 6).
Important: Clearance to the side or above the unit for lamp exchanges
should be equal to the length of the purier.
The manufacturer’s warranty is only applicable when preltered water is used.
Prelters (to 5 micron) remove sediment particles that can reduce the effective-
ness of the UV lamp or potentially damage the unit.
If a water softener, iron removal system or other treatment device is installed or
planned for, your purier should be located closest to the faucet.
Install your Wyckomar purier indoors in a protected area. The temperature should
not fall below 4 ˚C (40 ˚F). Avoid conditions with high humidity to prevent con-
densation on the purication chamber. Ideal temperature conditions range from
9 ˚C to 29 ˚C.
Use Teon tape (T-tape) liberally on all pipe connections (3 turns around the t-
ting). Do not use any other sealants other than food grade pipe dope.
Use food-grade silicon or plumber’s grease on O-rings. DO NOT use oil-based
products.
Caution: The ballast and all electrical connections must be mounted and in-
stalled above water lines to prevent the possibility of electric shock in the case
of a water leak. A grounded electrical outlet is required (GFCI is preferred).

UV Purication Systems
6
Setting Up
Installation Diagrams
Wyckomar systems can be
installed vertical or horizon-
tal. Refer to these sche–
matic drawings for typical
position of components.
Ensure that there is ade-
quate clearance at the lamp
end of the unit in order to
safely remove the UV lamp
from the chamber. Space
required for clearance is at
least the length of the UV
chamber.

UV Purication Systems
7
Setting Up
Installation
Carefully select the location for the UV system and any related components. Note
the direction of water ow in the supply line to which the unit is being connected.
Refer to the appropriate exploded view diagram for your unit and check to see that
you have all the necessary ttings.
Parts List: 4 screws 1 quartz dome or sleeve, 1 or 2 O-rings
1 alcohol wipe 1 Allen key wrench
1 UV lamp w/ O-rings on each end
Turn off the main water supply valve. Fasten unit to wall, using the mounting clips
(”pipe hangers”) and screws provided. Press the UV chamber into the clips for a
secure hold.
Install new plumbing, making sure the In and Out ports on the lter set point in
the direction of water ow. Installation of bypass and valves is recommended.
Install lter set Install UV unit
Complete installation with pre-lter set and UV.
Inlet/Outlet shutoff valves are recommended.
After installation of the plumbing is
complete, install electrical components
(surge suppressor and ballast, monitor if
present) ABOVE the water line.

UV Purication Systems
8
Take the plastic cap off the unit and remove the black nut from the end of the
unit. Remove quartz sleeve/dome from packaging, being careful not to loose the
spring inside the dome. You may wish to lubricate o-ring with food-grade silicon
or plumber’s grease (do NOT use oil based products such as Vaseline) and roll it
over one end of the sleeve or the open end of the dome. Avoid ngerprints on the
sleeve/dome, wipe with alcohol.
Gently slide the sleeve/dome into the unit. For domed systems (UV-1, UV-250,
UV-700 and UV-1200), the dome will center itself inside the bottom of the reac-
tion chamber. For sleeved systems (UV-1500, UV-3000, UV-5000 and UV-6000),
the sleeve(s) will protrude out of the reaction chamber at the bottom end, hold in
place with hand or foot. Roll second o-ring over the end at the bottom.
Thread on the compression nut(s). The O-ring will set itself into the beveled seal
of the bushing on the reaction chamber. Hand tighten the nut(s) (do NOT use
tools). In sleeved systems, install the lower plastic cap and gently tighten the set
screws with the Allen key supplied. This will keep the lamp from sliding through.
Insert the UV lamp, it will center itself in the spring inside the dome in domed sys-
tems, or stop at the lower plastic cap in sleeved systems. Connect the white 4-pin
electrical connector. Replace the top plastic cap and gently tighten setscrews.
Unit is now ready to be turned on.
Open main water valve slowly. As water lls into the lter set, press the red but-
ton on top of the rst lter housing (pressure relief valve) to release air. Hold until
water starts to escape and then release. Continue with next lter. Open valves
on either side of purier slowly and check for leaks (bypass valve should remain
closed). Turn on any faucet to release air in the system, wait for a steady stream
of water, then turn off faucet.
Plug the power cable from the ballast into an appropriate power source outlet (a
power surge suppressor rated at> 3600 Joules is strongly recommend-
ed). Wait for the lamp to come on (up to 30 sec) and inspect the ballast and
viewport, if present.
Now that system is operating properly, any incoming water is disinfected. Any ex-
isiting pathogens downstream of the system, if present, are not affected. There-
fore, it is mandatory to disinfected the plumbing system downstream
from the unit after installation according to the instructions on Page 9.
Setting Up
Installation and Start Up Operation

UV Purication Systems
9
Setting Up / Maintenance
Disinfecting Your Water System
In any UV system, disinfection takes place inside the UV chamber and there is no
residual disinfection agent remaining in the water stream. Pathogens that may still
be present in the plumbing system downstream of the UV unit will not be affected
by the disinfection process. For this reason, it is CRITICAL that the plumbing
system is disinfected after initial installation to prevent possible re-contamination
of the water on it’s way to the taps.
The following steps must be taken to accomplish this important task.
1Turn off the water supply to the UV unit and make sure that the by-pass valve is
closed if equipped. Turn on the UV unit.
2 Remove the lter bowls from the lter housing head and remove the lter car-
tridges.
3 Fill one lter bowl one-half full with chlorine bleach and screw the bowls (without
cartridges) back onto the lter housing head.
4Turn on the water supply, check for leaks.
5Turn on every tap in the water system of the building both inside and outside,
one-by-one. Run the water at each tap until the smell of chlorine is evident. Let
the system sit idle for 60 minutes.
6 While the UV lamp remains on, open all taps in the water system to ush out the
chlorine - approximately 5 minutes.
7 When all chlorine is ushed from the system, and while the UV lamp remains on,
shut off the water supply and reinstall the lter cartridges in the lter housings.
8Turn on the water supply, check for leaks. Test water for contaminants.
WARNING
This simple procedure must be performed after installation
of the UV system, and whenever the UV system is shut down
or inoperative for any reason whatsoever.

UV Purication Systems
10
Maintenance
Ultraviolet Lamp Replacement
The UV lamp located in the purication chamber will operate effectively for ap-
proximately 1 year (9000 hours) under normal conditions. The lamp will still light
after that period, but maximum UV light intensity may fall below the prescribed
safety level.
1 Unplug the purier from the electrical outlet. Note: It is not necessary to turn
off the water supply. Do not use water.
2 With the Allen key provided, loosen the two set screws that secure the top cap
containing the electrical cord. Remove the cap and carefully set aside (it is at-
tached to the ground wire).
3 Remove the lamp connector located at the cord end of the lamp by gently wig-
gling and pulling away from the lamp.
4 Carefully slide the UV lamp out of the quartz dome/sleeve and discard appro-
priately.
5 Insert the replacement lamp into the quartz dome/sleeve. Hold lamp at ceramic
ends. Do not touch the lamp with your hands - ngerprints will prevent the sys-
tem from working properly. If the lamp is touched, clean with an alcohol wipe.
6 Gently push the lamp connector against the pins at the end of the new lamp.
7 Make sure that all electrical components are dry before replacing the top cap.
Secure the cap with the setscrews.
8 Plug in the power cord. The lamp should be operating at this time. To conrm
that your new lamp is working correctly, check your model’s light indicator on
the ballast and, if present, check the view port.
Important:
It is required that the lamp be changed every 12 months after installation re-
gardless of apparent condition of the lamp. For warranty purpose use only
original manufacturer replacement parts.
Caution! Do not look directly at the UV.

UV Purication Systems
11
Maintenance
Cleaning/Replacing the Quartz Dome or Sleeve
1 Turn off the water supply and open a faucet to depressurize the plumbing sys-
tem. Unplug the purier from the electrical outlet. Press the pressure-relief
button on one of the lter housings. Horizontal mounted systems need to be
drained by removing lter bowls. Have a bucket on hand.
2 With the Allen key provided, loosen the two set screws that secure the top cap
containing the electrical cord. Remove the cap and carefully set aside (it is
attached to the chamber with the ground wire).
3 Remove the white lamp pin connector from lamp end. Remove the UV lamp
carefully from the UV unit.
4 Loosen and remove the sealing compression nut. Caution: Quartz dome/
sleeve may be stuck to the O-ring inside the retaining nut.
5 Carefully remove the quartz dome/sleeve from the UV chamber.
6 Wipe the quartz dome/sleeve with nonabrasive cleaner (e.g. CLR or Limeaway)
and with an alcohol wipe being careful not to touch the dome/sleeve with your
ngers. You may choose to lubricate the O-ring with food-grade silicon or
plumber’s grease (do not use oil based products, such as Vaseline). Slide the
O-ring onto the dome/sleeve.
7 Using a clean cloth to hold the end of the replacement quartz dome/sleeve,
guide it gently into the UV chamber and screw the sealing compression nut
down until snug to secure seal. Hand-tight only, DO NOT USE TOOLS!
8 Insert the replacement lamp into the quartz dome/sleeve. Gently push the
lamp pin connector against the pins at the end of the lamp.
9 Complete the reassembly of the UV purier. Make sure that all electrical parts
are dry before replacing the top cap and securing it with the setscrews.
10 Plug in the ballast, turn on the water supply and check for leaks.
Important:
If water turbidity is a problem, it is advisable to clean the quartz dome/sleeve
each time when replacing the lamp.

UV Purication Systems
12
Maintenance
Changing Filter Cartridges
Filter cartridges have to be changed on a frequent basis to ensure porper opera-
tion of the system. A pressure drop detected at the tap is an indication that the
sediment lter cartridges is at capacity, and a re-occurrence of unwanted taste or
odour is an indication that the carbon cartridge (if present) is exhausted.
Follow these steps to change out lter cartridges in your system.
1 Turn off the water supply. If isolation valves are installed at the unit, close them
both.
2 Depress pressure release button to relieve pressure in lter housing. Unscrew
housing with plastic wrench. Note: When opening lter housing, it is common
for the O-ring/gasket to lift out of the housing and stick to cap.
3 Remove used cartridge and discard. Rinse out housing and ll approximately
1/3 full of water. Add about 2 to 3 teaspoons of bleach and scrub thoroughly
with brush or sponge. Rinse thoroughly.
4 Remove O-ring/gasket from sump and wipe groove and O-ring/gasket clean.
You may choose to lubricate O-ring/gasket with a coating of food grade silicon
grease. Place O-ring/gasket back in place and press O-ring/gasket down into
the groove with ngers (or place on rim of sump). Note: Make sure O-ring/
gasket is seated level to maintain proper seal. If O-ring/gasket appears dam-
aged, replace at this time.
5 Insert a new cartridge into the sump making sure that it slips down over the
sump standpipe.
6 Screw the sump onto the cap and handtighten. Make sure that the cartridge
slips over the cap standpipe.
7 Open shutoffs at the UV system (if present), open a faucet to depressurize the
plumbing system, then turn on the water supply slowly to allow lter housing(s)
to ll with water.
8 Depress the pressure release button (if present) to release trapped air from the
lter housings.
9 Check for leaks before leaving installation. Filter sump may be gently tightened
with plastic lter wrench if leaks occur. DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN!

UV Purication Systems
13
Maintenance
Filter Maintenance and Troubleshooting
An activated carbon cartridge (Taste/Odour) may contain a small amount of car-
bon nes (very ne black powder). A new cartridge should be ushed with suf-
cient water after installation to remove the nes before using the water.
Each time that you use water from your ltered water tap for drinking or cooking
purposes, it is recommended that you run the tap for at least 10 seconds prior to
using the water. This is important if the water tap is not used daily.
Replacement lter cartridges have a limited service life. Changes in taste, colour
and ow of the water being ltered are signals that replacement of the cartridge
is imminent or may soon be necessary.
CAUTION: The lter must be protected against freezing. Failure to do so may
result in cracking of the lter and water leakage.
CAUTION: All ltration systems contain other parts that have a limited service
life. Exhaustion of the service life of those parts often cannot be easily detected.
Commonly, it is only after leakage has been observed or water damage has oc-
curred that one is made aware that the service life has been exhausted.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: To prevent costly repairs or possible water damage, we
recommend that the bowl or sump of all plastic housings be replaced periodically:
at least every 5 years for clear sumps, and every 10 years for opaque sumps.
Important:
Do not use lter with water that is microbiologically unsafe or of unknown qual-
ity without adequate disinfection before or after the unit.

UV Purication Systems
14
Technical Info
Exploded Diagram & Parts List
UV-1
16
15 14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
16
Item Part No. Description
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
11-6
RQD-269
2-1
8-29-1
8-4-1
4-2
8-50
8-52
8-49-1
8-25
8-11
Quartz Disc Seal/Lamp O-ring 2-113
Quartz Dome Sleeve 22X25X269
UV-1 Chamber
Lamp Extension Spring
Plastic Cap
Lamp Connector
End Washer
End Bushing
Concave Cap End
Conical Spring
3/8" NPT 316SS Inlet/Outlet Ports
Item Part No. Description
1
2
3
4
5
4-BE-425W-U
10-5
8-51
RL-12/254T5
11-3
Ballast
Set Screw
Quartz Compression Nut
UV Lamp
Quartz Dome Seal 2-211

UV Purication Systems
15
Technical Info
Exploded Diagram & Parts List
UV-250
16
15 14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
16
Item Part No. Description
1
2
3
4
5
4-BE-425W-U
10-5
8-51
RL-23/436T5
11-3
Ballast
Set Screw
Quartz Compression Nut
UV Lamp
Quartz Dome Seal 2-211
Item Part No. Description
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
11-6
RQD-438
2-2
8-29-1
8-4-1
4-2
8-50
8-52
8-49-1
8-25
8-5
Quartz Disc Seal/Lamp O-ring 2-113
Quartz Dome Sleeve 22X25X438
UV-250 Chamber
Lamp Extension Spring
Plastic Cap
Lamp Connector
End Washer
End Bushing
Concave Cap End
Conical Spring
3/4" NPT 316SS Inlet/Outlet Ports

UV Purication Systems
16
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10 98
7
65
43
2
1
7
20
Technical Info
Exploded Diagram & Parts List
UV-700
Item Part No. Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4-BE-425W-U
10-5
8-51
RQD-895
11-3
RL-40/867T5
11-6
8-10
Ballast
Set Screw
Quartz Compression Nut
Quartz Domed Sleeve 22x25x895
Quartz Sleeve Seal 2-211
UV Lamp
Glass Disc Seal/Lamp O-ring 2-113
Viewport Outer Bushing
Item Part No. Description
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
7-15GL
8-11
8-9
2-3
8-29
8-4-1
4-2
8-50
8-52
8-49-1
8-25
8-5
Glass Viewport Disc
Viewport Inner Bushing
Viewport Compression Nut
UV700 Chamber
Lamp Extension Spring
Plastic Cap
Lamp Connector
End Washer
End Bushing
Concave Cap End
Conical Spring
3/4" NPT 316SS Inlet/Outlet Ports

UV Purication Systems
17
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10 98
7
65
43
2
1
7
20
Technical Info
Exploded Diagram & Parts List
UV-1200
Item Part No. Description
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
7-15GL
8-11
8-9
2-5
8-29
8-4-1
4-2
8-50
8-52
8-49-1
8-25
8-12
Glass Viewport Disc
Viewport Inner Bushing
Viewport Compression Nut
UV1200 Chamber
Lamp Extension Spring
Plastic Cap
Lamp Connector
End Washer
End Bushing
Concave Cap End
Conical Spring
1.0" NPT 316SS Inlet/Outlet Ports
Item Part No. Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4-BE-800WL-1/2
10-5
8-51
RQD-895
11-3
RL-84/893T5
11-6
8-10
Ballast
Set Screw
Quartz Compression Nut
Quartz Domed Sleeve 22x25x895
Quartz Sleeve Seal 2-211
UV Lamp
Glass Disc Seal/
Lamp O-ring 2-113
Viewport Outer Bushing

UV Purication Systems
18
Technical Info
Exploded Diagram & Parts List
UV-1500
19
18
17
16 15
14
13
12
9
87
6
5
4
3
2
1
3
10
11
9
8
8
12
Item Part No. Description
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
8-9
8-10
8-11
7-15GL
2-4
5-2
8-4
Viewport Compression Nut
Viewport Outer Bushing
Viewport Inner Bushing
Glass Viewport Disc
UV1500 Chamber
Mounting Feet
Small Blue Cap
Item Part No. Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4-BE-800WL-1/2
10-5
8-53
8-4-1
4-2
RL-110/1197T5
RQS-1181
11-6
11-3
8-52
8-50
8-12
Ballast
Set Screw
Quartz Compression Nut
Large Blue Cap
Lamp Connector
UV Lamp
Quartz Open Sleeve
22x25x1181
Glass Disc Seal/
Lamp O-ring 2-113
Quartz Sleeve Seal 2-211
End Bushing
End Washer
1.0” NPT 316SS
Inlet/Outlet Ports