Yaesu Mark-V FT-1000MP User manual

FT-1000MP
OPERATING
MANUAL
VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD.
4-8-8 Nakameguro, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8644, Japan
VERTEX STANDARD
US Headquarters
10900 Walker Street, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A.
International Division
8350 N.W. 52nd Terrace, Suite 201, Miami, FL 33166, U.S.A.
YAESU EUROPE B.V.
P.O. Box 75525, 1118 ZN Schiphol, The Netherlands
YAESU UK LTD.
Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close
Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 OLB, U.K.
VERTEX STANDARD HK LTD.
Unit 5, 20/F., Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road,
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Table of Contents
General Description
Specifications
Accessories & Options
General Setup & AC Power
Front Panel Controls
Main Receiver Display Indications
Top Panel Access & Controls
Rear Panel Controls & Connectors
Operation
Receiving
Reverse CW Sideband
Tuning The FT-1000MP
VFO Operation
AM Synchronous Tuning
General Coverage Reception
Dealing with Interference
Front End Selection
Wide Band & Tuned Amp Selection
IPO (Intercept Point Optimization)
AGC (Automatic Gain Control) Selection
Noise Blanker Selection and Setting
IF Bandwidth Selection
IF Width & Shift Control
IF Notch Filter
Transmitting
SSB Transmission
CW Transmission
Keyer Operation
AM & FM Transmission
Carrier Point Offset
Clarifier (Rx/Tx Offset Tuning)
Offset Display Mode
Using Sub VFO B
Dual Reception
Headphone Adjustments
Split Frequency Operation
Diversity Reception
1
3
5
7
Memory Features
Memory Structure
Memory Programming
Memory Checking
Grouping Memories
Memory Tuning
QMB (Quick Memory Bank) Operation
Scanning Features
VFO Scanning
Memory Scanning
Scan Resume Modes
Memory Masking
PMS (Programmed Memory Scanning)
Digital Modes with the FT-1000MP
RTTY and AMTOR with a TNC
300-Baud Packet
1200-Baud FM Packet
Advanced Features
EDSP
TX Audio Enhancement
RX Audio Enhancement
Auto Multiple Notch Filter
Remote Control Operation
Contest Keyer Control
VFO/Memory Control
Main/Sub VFO Control
User Customized Operating Mode
Optional DVS-2 Digital Voice Recorder
Linear Amplifier Oper. & Interconnections
Transverter Operation
CAT System Computer Control
Menu Selection and Settings
Installing Internal Accessories
TCXO Units
2nd & 3rd IF Filters
Lithium Battery Replacement
Memory Backup Switch
Tuning Knob Torque Adjustment
DC Operation
47
47
47
48
49
49
50
51
51
51
Bil
52
52
53
53
59
56
57
5/7
58
58
59
60
60
63
63
64
65
68
70
73
85
99
99
100
101
101
102
103

General Information
General Description
Congratulations on the purchase of your
Yaesu amateur transceiver! Whether this is your
first rig, or if Yaesu equipment is already the
backbone of your station, rest assured that your
transceiver will provide many hours of operating
pleasure for years to come.
We want you to feel that you are now a part of
the Yaesu Team; after all, we also share the excit-
ing hobby of amateur radio communications you
do. In fact, Yaesu Musen’s history in Amateur
Radio goes back to 1959, being the first to intro-
duce and manufacture quality, high-performance
SSB transceivers for the amateur market. Yaesu
Musen also manufactures a broad range of high-
quality commercial equipment that public serv-
ices, businesses, and mariners depend on every
day.
Following the same tradition of excellence and
innovation into the twenty-first century, Yaesu
Musen paves the way, incorporating the latest
microprocessor and RF technology in our com-
munications equipment. Yaesu transceivers have
scaled mountains, crossed storm-tossed oceans,
and even orbited Earth. Some Yaesu equipment
are legends in themselves, such as the classic
FT-101, and the industry standard of excellence,
the FT-1000D. Each Yaesu model is the result of
extensive research, design, and development.
Most Yaesu engineers are also licensed ama-
teurs, and they design transceivers with operators
in mind. The product of this combined effort is
evident in Yaesu equipment’s rugged construc-
tion, comfortable operation, and of course, high
performance.
But the effort doesn’t stop here. With the pro-
gression of amateur radio along with the high-
technology race, each transceiver incorporates a
wealth of operating features to help you “keep up
with the crowd." User-friendly controls and pro-
gramming let you easily manage your new oper-
ating capabilities, with just a few simple
keystrokes!
Along with the philosophy that each Yaesu
transceiver should serve you well into the future,
Yaesu stands behind our products with a world-
wide network of dealers and service centers. Feel
free to contact us if you ever need technical ad-
vice or assistance.
The FT-1000MP is an advanced, state-of-the-
art amateur transceiver incorporating a multitude
of new and advanced operating features provid-
ing competitive operation in all modes. The FT-
1000MP offers dual-VFO reception and
adjustable transmitter power output of up to 100
watts on all HF amateur radio bands (25 watts
carrier in AM mode). Anew evolution in tuning has
begun with the new shuttle jog ring that allows
large or small frequency excursions with a slight
turn of the wrist — fast, precise tuning with no more
tiresome cranking.
Most of the transceiver’s advanced features
and settings are now viewed and selectable from
within the menu programming system, which is
easily recalled from the front panel — no more
power-on sequences, DIP switch settings, or
elaborate push-button combinations for your cus-
tom settings. Operating frequency and other im-
portant settings for both VFOs are viewed on a
page 1

General Information
bright, colorful fluorescent discharge display. A
multi-display meter features delayed "peak-hold"
segments and a directional tuning meter to assist
in zeroing-in stations, regardless of mode. The
new expanded tuning scale lets you view relative
clarifier offset or sub-incremental tuning (0.625-,
1.25-, 2.5- or 5-kHz steps).
Station size is kept to a minimum with the
compact internal AC switched-mode power sup-
ply, built-in automatic antenna tuner and elec-
tronic CW keyer. The full-featured keyer has two
iambic keying modes, a “bug" emulator, adjust-
able weighting and ACS (Automatic Character
Spacing) circuit to improve your CW sending.
Superb
receiver
performance
is
a
result
of
di-
rect
lineage
from
the
legendary
FT-1000D.
New
technology
Direct
Digital
Synthesizers
(two
10-bit
and
three
8-bit)
are
used
in
the
local
oscillator
(all
driven
by
a
single
TCXO
master
oscillator),
result-
ing
in
extremely
fine
tuning
with
thirteen
select-
able
tuning
steps
down
to
0.625
Hz.
Select
either
flat
or
tuned
front
end
RF
amplification
(using
four
FETs
in
a
double
push-pull,
constant-gain
stage),
direct
feed
to
the
mixer
with
IPO
(Intercept
Point
Optimization),
and
three
levels
of
RF
attenuation
in
6-dB
steps.
Two VFOs allow simultaneous reception and
display
of
two
different
frequencies,
even
in
differ-
ent
modes
and
with
different
IF
bandwidths.
Re-
ceiver
audio
can
be
completely
or
partially
mixed,
or
monitored
separately
in
each
ear.
With
inde-
pendent
bandwidth
and
mode
selection
for
each
receiver, plus an option for separate antennas,
diversity
reception
is
possible
when
both
VFOs
are tuned to the same frequency.
To
battle
QRM,
the
FT-1000MP
comes
equipped
with
a
formidable
defense.
Fine
tailoring
of
the
IF
passband
is
made
possible
with
individu-
ally-selected,
cascaded
2nd
&
3rd
crystal
filter
banks.
World-renowned
Collins
mechanical
500-
Hz
CW
filters
are
available
as
options
for
the
Sub
Receiver
2nd
IF,
and
Main
Receiver
3rd
IF
strip.
An
IF
notch
filter
and
concentric
IF
shift
and
width
controls
are
also
provided.
The
IF
width
circuit
now
allows
continuously
narrowing
receiver
pass-
band
by
selectively
moving
either
the
upper
or
lower
filter
skirt
just
as
much
as
needed
to
reduce
QRM
while
still
preserving
valuable
bandwidth.
Yaesu’s
new
EDSP
(Enhanced
Digital
Signal
Processing)
system
provides
four
random-noise
reduction
settings,
selectable
band
pass
filtering
with
adjustable
low
and
high-cutoff
skirts,
and
transmitted
audio
enhancement
with four
voice
page 2
response equalization schemes. In addition,
EDSP provides an automatic notch filter that iden-
tifies and attenuates heterodynes as they appear.
Separate keys are also provided for band se-
lection, and each band key accesses two sub-
band VFO frequency/mode/filter settings per
band,
so
you
can
keep
separate
VFO
settings
for
two different parts of the band, on all bands. In
addition, 99 scannable memories are provided,
each of which stores its own mode and IF filter
selection, in addition to frequency, clarifier offset,
and
scan-skip
status.
In
addition,
five
quick-recall
memories
can
instantly
store
operational
settings
at
the
push
of
a
button.
VFO,
band,
and
memory
scanning
now
have
three
scan
resume
modes
and an auto-write feature that stores active chan-
nel
in
memories
as
they
are
found.
The
built-in
automatic
antenna
tuner
includes
39
memories
of
its own, automatically storing antenna matching
settings for quick automatic recall later. Of course
the
front
panel
keypad
can
also
be
used
to
key
in
operating frequencies directly.
A
user-customization
key
allows
recalling
pre-
configured
parameters
for
often-used
operating
setups,
or
unique
operating
modes
such
as
FAX
and
SSTV.
The
special
remote
control
jack
allows
push-button
control
of
the
full-featured
program-
mable
CW
contest
memory
keyer,
transceiver
re-
mote
operation
and
direct
frequency
entry.
CW
enthusiasts
can
take
advantage
of
the
CW
re-
verse
sideband
selection,
and
shortwave
listen-
ers
will
enjoy
the
AM
synchronous
tuning
mode.
The
Yaesu
CAT
system
provides
a
direct
link
to
the
transceiver
CPU
for
computer
control
and
customization
of
tuning,
scanning
and
other
oper-
ating
functions.
The
FT-1000MP
now
includes
a
built-in
data
level
converter
for
direction
connect
to
a
personal
computer
serial
port.
Special
op-
tions
for
the
FT-1000MP
include
the
TCXO-4/6
Temperature
Compensated
Crystal
Oscillator
modules
and
a
wide
selection
of
IF
filters
to
com-
plement
the
eight
already
installed
as
standard.
External
options
include
the
DVS-2
Digital
Voice
Recorder
and
SP-8
External
Loudspeaker
with
optional
LL-7
Phone
Patch
module;
the
YH-
77STA
Stereo
Headset;
and
the
MD-100,8x
Desktop
Microphone.
Before
connecting
power,
please
read
the
In-
stallation
section
carefully,
heeding
the
warnings
in
that
section
to
avoid
damage
to
the
set.
After
installation,
please
take
time
to
work
through
the
Operation
chapter,
referring
to
the
Controls
&
Connectors
chapter
as
necessary
for
details.

General Information
Specifications
General
Rx frequency range: 100 kHz - 30 MHz
Tx frequency ranges: 160 -10m amateur bands only
Freq. Stability: < + 10 ppm (-10 ~ +50°C)
< + 2.0 ppm (0° ~ +50°C) w/TCXO-4
< + 0.5 ppm (0° ~ +50°C) w/TCXO-6
Freq. Accuracy: < +7 ppm (except FM, < + 500 Hz)
w/TCXO-4: < +2 ppm (FM < + 460 Hz)
w/TCXO-6 < + 0.5 ppm (FM < + 500 Hz)
Operating temperature Range:(-10° ~ +50°C)
Emission modes: LSB, USB, CW, FSK, AM, FM
Frequency steps: 0.625/1.25/2.5/5/10 Hz for SSB,
CW, RTTY & Packet; 100 Hz for AM and FM
Antenna impedance: 50Q unbalanced
Power consumption:
Input. | Rx(nosignal)) Rx(signal) | Tx (100W)
100~125 VAC 70 VA 80 VA 550 VA
200~240 VAC 80 VA 90 VA 600 VA
13.8 VDC 2.4A 2.8A 19A
Supply voltage: 100~125, 200~234 VAC, 50/60 Hz
Dimensions (WHD): 410 x 135 x 347 mm
Weight (approx.): 15 kg. (33 Ibs)
Transmitter
Power output: adjustable up to 100 watts
(25 watts AM carrier)
Duty cycle: 100% @ 50 watts, 50% @ 100 watts
(FM & RTTY, 3-minute Tx)
Modulation types:
SSB: J3E Balanced, filtered carrier
AM: ASE Low-level (early stage)
FM: F3E Variable reactance
AFSK: —J1D, J2D Audio frequency shift keying
Maximum FM deviation: + 2.5 kHz
FSK shift frequencies: 170, 425, and 850 Hz
Packet shift frequencies: 200, 1000 Hz
Harmonic radiation: at least 50 dB below peak output
SSB carrier suppression: at least 40 dB below peak
output
Undesired sideband suppression: at least 50 dB be-
low peak output
Audio response (SSB): not more than -6 dB from 400
to 2600 Hz
3rd-order IMD: -31 dB @ 100 watts PEP, or better
Microphone impedance: 500 to 600 Q
Receiver
Circuit type: quad-conversion superheterodyne
(triple conversion for FM)
Intermediate frequencies: Main Rx Sub Rx
70.455 MHz = 47.21 MHz
8.215 MHz 455 kHz
455 kHz
Sensitivity:
(with preamp on, for 10 dB S/N, 0 dBu - 1 pV)
Frequency | 150- | 250- |05- 1.8-30
Mode (BW) |) | 250 kHz | 500 kHz | 1.8 MHz | MHz
SSB, CW
(2.4 kHz) 5 uw 4 uv 2 uv 0.25 LV
AM
(6 kHz) 40uv | 32 | 16. 2
29-MHz FM
(12dB SINAD)) =i = 0.5 |v
Selectivity (-6/-60 dB):
Button | Modes pelts ay ees
2.4 kHz all except FM 2.2 kHz 4.2 kHz
2.0 kHz | all exc. AM, FM 2.0 kHz 3.6 kHz
cole) “ae 500 Hz 1.8 kHz
250 Hz CW, RTTY 250 Hz 700 Hz
— AM (wide) 4 kHz 14 kHz
FM 8 kHz 19 kHz
Dynamic Range: 108 dB (@50 kHz, 500-Hz BW, RF
amp off)
Squelch sensitivity:
1.8 - 30 MHz (CW, SSB, AM): < 2.0 LV
28 - 30 MHz (FM): <0.32 LV
IF rejection (1.8 - 30 MHz): 80 dB or better (Main Rx)
60 dB or better (Sub Rx)
Image rejection (1.8 - 30 MHz): 80 dB or better (Main)
50 dB or better (Sub)
IF shift range: +1.12 kHz
Max. audio output: 1.5 W into 4Q with <10% THD
Audio output impedance: 4 to 8Q
Specifications are subject to change, in the
interest of technical improvement, without
notice or obligation.
page 3

General Information
Plug/Connector Pinout Diagrams
MIC
BAND
DATA
MIC
TX
GND
UP
MIC
GND
BAND
DATA
A
BAND
DATA
B
+5V
PTT
+13V
‘
}
GND
DOWN
GND
BAND
DATA
D
TX
INHIBIT
FAST
BAND
DATA
C
as
viewed
from
front
panel
as
viewed
from
rear
panel
DVS-2
PACKET
VOICE
OUT
GND
+9V
Kc@w
CNTL
1
DATA
OUT
——
BUSY
VOICE
IN
}
PTT
CNTL
2
=
GND
DATA
IN
PTT
as
viewed
from
rear
panel
as
viewed
from
rear
panel
RTTY
CAT
JACK
| N/A (NC)
RX AF OUT__ 42 3. TX (PTT) © ® © ©
( ) CROMOROKO)
SHIFT oy GND GND N/A SI SO NIA
as
viewed
from
rear
panel
as
viewed
from
rear
panel
KEY
PHONE
Internal
4/4"
JACK
(A)
Keyer
por
|
art)
DASH
COMMON
|
\
oe
MAIN SUB GND
External
ta
\
f
Es
Electronic
ATL
4
ox
1
Keyer*
KEY
NC
GND
*do
not
use
2-conductor
type plug
3.5
mm
JACK
(B)
EXT
SPKR
AF
OUT
RCA
PLUG
SIGNAL or (+)
on art) Bs.
/ ae
SIGNAL GND MAIN SUB GND GND or (-)
page 4

General Information
FoR ee Ne psn a el Sr RL Cah Sh ARTS 2) age TEN REN Se Sof] Ng S RODE D Bop oie MeN E Gy ees Ee
Accessories & Options
Options
TCXO-4/TCXO-6 High-Stability
Master Reference Oscillators
For special applications and environments
where extra frequency stability is essential, such
as for long-term HF packet monitoring under wide
temperature variations, the TCXO-4 provides
+2.0-ppm stability, and the TCXO-6 provides
+0.5-ppm stability from 0 to +50°C for the master
reference oscillator.
MD-100,48sx Desk-Top Microphone
Designed especially to match the electrical and
cosmetic features of the FT-1000MP, the MD-
100asx has 600-Q impedance, and includes
up/down scanning ring and a large PTT switch
with latch.
SP-8 Loudspeaker with Audio Filters
and LL-7 Phone Patch Option
Selectable audio high- and lowpass filters to- ame eae Se ti
gether with a large loudspeaker complement the
superb audio characteristics of the FT-1000MP
with your choice of 12 different audio filtering
combinations. Two input terminals are provided
for multiple transceivers, with a front panel switch
to select between them. A (monaural) phone jack
is provided on the front panel to take advantage
of the audio filters with headphones.
With the optional LL-7 Phone Patch Unit instal-
led in the SP-8, the FT-1000MP can be patched
to the public telephone network. The LL-7 in-
cludes a hybrid transformer circuit to assure
proper impedance matches, and front panel gain
controls and level meter to set proper audio levels
on the telephone line.
YH-77STA Lightweight Stereo Head-
phones
Dual samarium-cobalt transducers with sensi-
tivity of 103dB/mW (+2dB, @1 kHz, 3522) provide
the perfect match for the FT-1000MP. During dual
receive with the YH-77STA, one receiver can be
monitored in each ear, allowing easy separation
of the signals from the two receivers (or the audio
can be mixed, if desired).
page 5

General Information
ESS
REE
A
OUR
RE
EES
LS
TITIES
AMET
Se
ES
Cg
SRE
DVS-2 Digital Voice Recorder
Serving as either a continuous receiver re-
corder for instant pushbutton playback, or micro-
phone audio recorder for multiple on-air playback,
the DVS-2 applies the advantages of random-ac-
cess solid-state digital memory to serious com-
munications. All data is stored electronically, with
no moving parts except your finger and the push-
button. More information is on page 64.
FH-1 Remote Control Keypad
The FH-1 is a remote-control accessory de-
signed to enhance the operating flexibility of your
FT-1000MP. The FH-1 permits several remote
control features, which may be by selected via
Menu programming. More information is on page
60.
IF Crystal Filter Options
Five optional crystal filters may be installed in
the Main Receiver of the FT-1000MP, and two in
the Sub Receiver.
Optional Main Receiver Filters
8.2 MHz (2nd IF)
YF-114SN 2.0-kHz BW (for all modes except FM)
YF-114CN 250-Hz BW (for all except AM & FM)
455 kHz (3rd IF)
YF-110SN 2.0-kHz BW (for all modes except FM)
YF-115C Collins Mechanical Filter 500-Hz BW (for
CW & RTTY)
YF-110CN 250-Hz BW (for CW only)
Optional Sub Receiver Filter
455 kHz (2nd IF)
YF-115C Collins Mechanical Filter 500-Hz BW (for
CW & RTTY)
page 6

General Information
General Setup
Preliminary Inspection
Inspect the transceiver upon opening the pack-
ing carton. Check that all controls and switches
work freely, and inspect the cabinet for any dam-
age. Ensure the accessory fuses and plugs pic-
tured on page 4 are included. If any damage is
found, document it completely, and contact the
shipping company (or dealer, if you purchased it
over-the-counter) right away. Save the packing
materials in case you need to return the set for
service. If you have purchased optional internal
accessories separately, install them as described
on page 99.
Power Connection
The FT-1000MP can operate from DC voltage,
or, if the internal switching PS is installed, directly
from the AC mains. For 13.5 V DC operation, see
the instructions on page 103.
Before connecting AC power, check the label
on the rear panel which indicates the AC mains
voltage for which your transceiver is currently set.
If the voltage on this label does not match your AC
mains voltage, a switch on the internal power
supply in the transceiver must be moved, and the
fuse must be changed. This requires only a
screwdriver and is not difficult (see below), but
you should make sure the power supply is set up
correctly before connecting power. If you have
any doubts about the procedure, contact your
dealer for assistance. We also recommend that
you open the fuse holder on the rear panel, and
check that the fuse is correct for your mains volt-
age:
AC Mains Voltage
100, 110 or 117 V 8A
AC Fuse Rating
200, 220 or 234 C 4A
After making certain the AC voltage for which
the transceiver is set matches your mains voltage,
and that the correct fuse is installed in the fuse-
holder, connect the AC power cord to the 3-pin AC
jack on the rear panel. Wait until all other trans-
ceiver interconnections have been made before
connecting the other end of the power cord to the
wall outlet .
Changing the Power Supply for Different AC Voltages
panel. Remove the top cover.
voltage for your country (either 230V or 115V)
CJ Replace the top cover and its nine screws.
Internal Power Supply
AC Mains Selection
CMake certain that all cables are disconnected from the transceiver.
1
Remove
the
three
screws
from
each
side
of
the
transceiver,
and
three
from
the
top
edge
of
the
rear
C\Locate
the
power
supply
unit
and
the
voltage
selector
switch,
and
move
it
to
the
appropriate
mains
page 7

General Information
Transceiver Location
To assure long life of the components, a pri-
mary consideration in setting up the FT-1000MP
is providing for adequate ventilation around the
cabinet. The cooling system of the FT-1000MP
must be free to draw cool air in at the lower rear
of the transceiver, and to expel warm air out of the
upper rear panel. Do not place the transceiver on
top of another heat-generating device such as a
linear amplifier, and do not place equipment,
books or papers on top of the transceiver. Also,
provide a few centimeters of space on either side
of the transceiver, if possible. Avoid heating vents
and window locations that could expose the trans-
ceiver to excessive direct sunlight, especially in
hot climates.
Grounding
For protection from shock and proper perform-
ance, connect the GND terminal on the rear panel
to a good earth ground, using a heavy braided
cable of the shortest length possible. All other
station equipment should be connected to the
same grounding cable, as close together as prac-
tical. If you use a computer with or near the
FT-1000MP, you may need to experiment with
ground wiring to suppress computer noise in the
receiver, and ground loops during transmission.
Adjusting the Front Feet
The two front feet of the FT-1000MP can be set
in either of two positions. By turning the knurled
ring around a (retracted) foot clockwise, the mid-
dle of the foot will extend about one centimeter.
Turn the ring as far as it will go (about 1/4-turn) to
lock the extended foot in place. To retract an
extended foot, turn the knurled ring counterclock-
wise 1/4-turn while pressing on the center of the
foot.
Adjusting the Front Feet
page 8
Antenna Considerations
Any antennas connected to the FT-1000MP
should have coaxial feedlines with 50-Q imped-
ance, and include a well-grounded lightning ar-
restor. For the antenna connected to the main ANT
A or B jack, the automatic antenna tuner in the
FT-1000MP is capable of matching antennas with
an SWR of up to 3:1 or more on the amateur
bands to the transmitter. Nevertheless, optimum
performance for both reception and transmission
will generally result with an antenna designed to
provide a 50-Q unbalanced resistive load at the
operating frequency. An antenna that is not de-
signed for resonance at the operating frequency
may present too high an SWR to allow proper
matching with the built-in antenna tuner, in which
case the antenna itself should be readjusted, or
an outboard antenna tuner used.
If the tuner is unable to bring the SWR down to
an acceptable level, attempting to transmit will
result in an automatic reduction in power output
and increased losses in the feedline. Operation
under such conditions is not recommended: it is
better to install another antenna designed for that
band. Also, if your antenna has a balanced feed-
point and you use a balanced feedline, install a
balun between the feedline and the ANT Aor B jack
of the transceiver.
The same precautions apply to any additional
(receive-only) antennas connected to the RX ANT
jack, except that neither of these antennas will
have the benefit of the built-in antenna tuner.
Therefore, unless such receive-only antennas
have an impedance near 50 2 at the operating
frequency, you may need to install an external
antenna tuner to obtain optimum performance.
Memory Backup
The lithium memory BACKUP switch on the rear
panel is turned on at the factory, allowing VFO
and memory data to be retained while power is
off. Backup current is miniscule, so it is not neces-
sary to turn the BACKUP switch off unless the
transceiver is to be stored for an extended period.
After five or more years of operation the trans-
ceiver may fail to retain memories, at which time
the lithium battery should be replaced. Contact
your dealer for replacement of the battery, or for
instructions on how to do so yourself, see page
101.