ZyXEL Communications P-660R-Tx v2 Series Manual

P-660R-Tx v2 Series
ADSL2+ Router
Support Notes
Version3.40
Jan. 2006

P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
FAQ.................................................................................................................4
ZyNOS FAQ.................................................................................................4
1. What is ZyNOS?...................................................................................4
2. How do I access the P-660R-Tx v2 Command Line Interface (CLI)? ...4
3. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?...........................4
4. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client
program via LAN?.....................................................................................4
5. How do I restore P-660R-Tx v2 configurations by using TFTP client
program via LAN?.....................................................................................4
6. What should I do if I forget the system password? ...............................5
7. How to use the Reset button?...............................................................5
8. What is SUA? When should I use SUA? ..............................................5
9. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT? ..........................6
10. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside
Internet? If possible, how?........................................................................6
11. When do I need Multi-NAT?................................................................6
12. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support ?...............................6
13. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support? .......................7
14. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.......................................8
15. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?..................................8
General FAQ .............................................................................................10
1. How can I manage P-660R-Tx v2?.....................................................10
2. What is the default password to loging web configurator?..................10
3. How do I know the P-660R-Tx v2's WAN IP address assigned by the
ISP?........................................................................................................10
4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?.........................................10
5. The P-660R-Tx v2 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the
difference between them? ......................................................................10
6. How do I know I am using PPPoE?....................................................11
7. Why does my provider use PPPoE?...................................................11
8. What is DDNS?...................................................................................11
9. When do I need DDNS service?.........................................................11
10. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-660R-Tx v2 support DDNS
wildcard? ................................................................................................12
11. Can the P-660R-Tx v2's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec
gateway? ................................................................................................12
12. How do I setup my P-660R-Tx v2 for routing IPSec packets over SUA?
................................................................................................................12
13. What is Traffic Shaping?...................................................................13
14. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?.........................13
15.Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-660R-Tx v2 ?.................13
ADSL FAQ.................................................................................................14
1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems?....................................14
2. What is the expected throughput?......................................................14
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
3. What is the micro filter used for? ........................................................14
4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?...................................................14
5. How does the P-660R-Tx v2 work on a noisy ADSL?.......................14
6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based
multiplexing?...........................................................................................15
7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?........................15
8. What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?..........................15
Application Notes ........................................................................................16
General Application Notes ......................................................................16
1. Internet Access Using P-660R-Tx v2 under Bridge mode ..................16
2. Internet Access Using P-660R-Tx v2 under Router mode..................19
Set up your workstation............................................................20
Set up your P-660R-Tx v2........................................................20
3. Setup the P-660R-Tx v2 as a DHCP Relay ........................................21
4. SUA Notes..........................................................................................22
Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA................................26
Configure a PPTP server behind SUA......................................27
5. Using Multi-NAT..................................................................................31
Configure NAT..........................................................................32
NAT Server Sets.......................................................................37
6. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)........................................................45
7. Network Management Using SNMP...................................................47
8. Using IP Alias .....................................................................................50
9. Using IP Policy Routing ......................................................................54
10. Using Call Scheduling.......................................................................58
11. Using IP Multicast.............................................................................61
12. Using Zero-Configuration..................................................................61
Support Tool.................................................................................................65
1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace.........................................................................65
Online Trace...........................................................................................65
Offline Trace...........................................................................................67
Capture the detailed logs by Hyper Terminal ......................................68
2. Firmware/Configurations Uploading and Downloading using TFTP.......70
Using TFTP client software.................................................................70
Using TFTP command on Windows NT ..............................................72
Using TFTP command on UNIX ..........................................................72
3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files ..................73
CI Command Reference ..............................................................................76
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
FAQ
ZyNOS FAQ
1. What is ZyNOS?
ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on
all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is
designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features.
New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites
as they become available.
2. How do I access the P-660R-Tx v2 Command Line Interface (CLI)?
You can access the P-660R-Tx v2 Command Line Interface via telnet.
3. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?
You can upload the firmware and configuration file to P-660R-Tx v2 from Web
Configurator, or using FTP/TFTP client software. You CAN NOT upload the
firmware and configuration file via Telnet because the Telnet connection will be
dropped during uploading the firmware. Please do not power off the router
right after the FTP or TFTP uploading is finished, the router will upload the
firmware to its flash at this moment.
4. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client
program via LAN?
The Prestige allows you to transfer the firmware to Prestige by using TFTP
program via LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via TFTP is as follows.
a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige.
b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in menu 24.8 to disable console idle
timeout
c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file
'ras' in the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the Prestige will
program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself.
d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras'
from the Prestige.
5. How do I restore P-660R-Tx v2 configurations by using TFTP client
program via LAN?
a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige.
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in CLI to disable Stdio idle timeout.
c. To backup the configurations, use TFTP client program to get file
'rom-0' from the Prestige.
d. To restore the configurations, use the TFTP client program to put your
configuration in file rom-0 in the Prestige.
6. What should I do if I forget the system password?
In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current
configuration and restore factory defaults this way:
Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-660R-Tx v2 to reset the router.
After the router is reset, the LAN IP address and the password will be reset to
'192.168.1.1' and '1234'.
7. How to use the Reset button?
a. Turn your Prestige off and then on. Make sure the SYS led is on (not
blinking)
b. Press the RESET button for one second and then release it, the
P-660R-Tx v2 will reboot.
c. Press the RESET button for five seconds and then release it. If the SYS
LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the Prestige
restarts.
8. What is SUA? When should I use SUA?
SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router
which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a
single user account.
When Prestige acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined for
the outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header
with its own address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with
another value chosen out of a local pool. It then recomputes the appropriate
header checksums and forwards the packet to the Internet as if it is originated
from Prestige using the IP address assigned by ISP. When reply packets from
the external Internet are received by Prestige, the original IP source address
and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into the destination fields of the
packet (since it is now moving in the opposite direction), the checksums are
recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its true destination. This is because
SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and port numbers of the local systems
currently using it.
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
9. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT?
SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2
rules, Many-to-One and Server. The P-660R-Tx v2 now has Full Feature NAT
support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers.
With multiple global IP addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP
servers) are allowed on the LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS
versions that supported SUA 'visible' servers had to be of different types. The
P-660R-Tx v2 supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable,
but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-660R-Tx v2 supports
8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Set in
menu 15.1.255 is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One
mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar
with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.
10. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside
Internet? If possible, how?
Yes, it is possible because P-660R-Tx v2 delivers the packet to the local
server by looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server
accessible to the outside users, the port number and the inside IP address of
the server must be configured inWeb Configurator, Advanced Setup -> NAT
-> Edit NAT/SUA Server Set.
11. When do I need Multi-NAT?
•Make local server accessible from outside Internet
When NAT is enabled the local computers are not accessible from outside.
You can use Multi-NAT to make an internal server accessible from outside.
•Support Non-NAT Friendly Applications
Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do
not allow users to login using the same IP address. Thus, users on the same
network can not login to the same server simultaneously. In this case it is
better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types,
thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address.
12. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?
NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: One to One, Many to
One, Many to Many Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. The
details of the mapping between ILA and IGA are described as below. Here we
define the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the
global IP addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA).
•One to One
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
In One-to-One mode, the P-660R-Tx v2 maps one ILA to one IGA.
•Many to One
In Many-to-One mode, the P-660R-Tx v2 maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User
Account feature that previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option
in today's routers).
•Many to Many Overload
In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the P-660R-Tx v2 maps the multiple ILA to
shared IGA.
•Many One-to-One
In Many One-to-One mode, the P-660R-Tx v2 maps each ILA to unique IGA.
•Server
In Server mode, the P-660R-Tx v2 maps multiple inside servers to one global
IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind
the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to one
unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.
The following table summarizes these types.
NAT Type IP Mapping
One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1
Many-to-One
(SUA/PAT)
ILA1<--->IGA1
ILA2<--->IGA1
...
Many-to-Many
Overload
ILA1<--->IGA1
ILA2<--->IGA2
ILA3<--->IGA1
ILA4<--->IGA2
...
Many
One-to-One
ILA1<--->IGA1
ILA2<--->IGA2
ILA3<--->IGA3
ILA4<--->IGA4
...
Server Server 1 IP<--->IGA1
Server 2 IP<--->IGA1
13. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?
The Prestige does not limit the number of the users but the number of the NAT
sessions. The P-660R-Tx v2 supports 1024 sessions that you can use the ‘ip
nat session’ in CLI to see. You can also use 'ip nat iface wanif0 st'Tcommand
to view the current active sessions.
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
14. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?
In ZyNOS, the filters have been separated into two groups. One group is
called 'device filter group', and the other is called 'protocol filter
group'. Generic filters belong to the 'device filter group', TCP/IP and IPX filters
belong to the 'protocol filter group'. You can configure the filter rule in CLI.
Note: In ZyNOS, you can not mix different filter groups in the same filter set.
15. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?
The Prestige's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing
attacks. The basic scheme is as follows:
For the input data filter:
•Deny packets from the outside that claim to be from the inside
•Allow everything that is not spoofing us
Filter rule setup:
•Filter type =TCP/IP Filter Rule
•Active =Yes
•Source IP Addr =a.b.c.d
•Source IP Mask =w.x.y.z
•Action Matched =Drop
•Action Not Matched =Forward
Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your
netmask:
For the output data filters:
•Deny bounceback packet
•Allow packets that originate from us
Filter rule setup:
•Filter Type =TCP/IP Filter Rule
•Active =Yes
•Destination IP Addr =a.b.c.d
•Destination IP Mask =w.x.y.z
•Action Matched =Drop
•Action No Matched =Forward
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your
netmask.
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P-660R-Tx v2 Series Support Notes
General FAQ
1. How can I manage P-660R-Tx v2?
Web configurator
CLI (Command Line Interface)
Telnet remote management
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) and FTP firmware upgrade and
configuration backup and restore
2. What is the default password to loging web configurator?
The default password is '1234'. You can change the password when login to
web configurator in the Advanced Setup->Password.
Please record your new password whenever you change it. The system
will lock you out if you have forgotten your password.
3. How do I know the P-660R-Tx v2's WAN IP address assigned by the
ISP?
You can view "My WAN IP <from ISP> : 200.1.1.1" shown in Web
Configurator, Maintenance -> System Status -> WAN Information to check
this IP address.
4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?
Generally, the voice band uses the lower frequency ranging from 0 to 4KHz,
while ADSL data transmission uses the higher frequency. The micro filter acts
as a low-pass filter for your telephone set to ensure that ADSL transmissions
do not interfere with your voice transmissions. For the details about how to
connect the micro filter please refer to the user's manual.
5. The P-660R-Tx v2 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the
difference between them?
When the ISP limits some specific computers to access Internet, that means
only the traffic to/from these computers will be forwarded and the other will be
filtered. In this case, we use bridge mode which works as an ADSL modem to
connect to the ISP. The ISP will generally give one Internet account and limit
only one computer to access the Internet.
For most Internet users having multiple computers want to share an Internet
account for Internet access, they have to add another Internet sharing device,
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