ABB SPAJ 110 C User manual

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0.05 1.0
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0.8
STEP
RESET
SG1
01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.0
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SPCJ 1C8
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RS 421 Ser.No.
SPAJ 110 C
2
5
1043B
fn= 50Hz
60Hz
1
2
3
4
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80...265V ~
–
18...80V –
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SPCJ 1C8
REGISTERS
0000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
01
SGR
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SPAJ 110 C
Earth-fault relay
User´s manual and Technical description

2
SPAJ 110 C
Earth-fault relay
Contents Features .......................................................................................................................... 2
Application .....................................................................................................................2
Description of operation ................................................................................................. 3
Connections ................................................................................................................... 4
Configuration of output relays........................................................................................ 6
Start and operation indicators ......................................................................................... 7
Combined power supply and I/O module ...................................................................... 7
Technical data ................................................................................................................ 8
Examples of application ................................................................................................ 10
Recorded data and fault analysis ................................................................................... 14
Secondary injection testing ........................................................................................... 14
Maintenance and repair ................................................................................................ 18
Spare parts .................................................................................................................... 18
Ordering numbers ........................................................................................................ 18
Dimensions and instructions for mounting .................................................................. 19
Order information ........................................................................................................ 19
The complete manual for the earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C includes the following partial manuals:
Earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C, general part 1MRS 750801-MUM EN
Non-directional earth-fault relay module SPCJ 1C8 1MRS 750603-MUM EN
General characteristics of C-type relay modules 1MRS 750328-MUM EN
Features Low-set neutral overcurrent stage with definite
time or inverse time characteristic
High-set neutral overcurrent stage with definite
time characteristic
Output relay functions to be freely configured
Flexible adaptation to different types of applica-
tion
Serial interface for connecting the relay to a fibre
optic object bus and substation and network
control systems
Digital display of setting values, neutral current
measured, memorized fault values, etc.
Continuous self-supervision with auto-diagnos-
tics of hardware and software
Application The earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C is designed to
be used for selective earth-fault protection, ei-
ther primary or back-up protection, in solidly
earthed or low-resistance earthed power sys-
tems.
The relay has two protection stages: a low-set
overcurrent stage I0> and a high-set overcurrent
stage I0>>. The low-set stage operates with
definite-time characteristic or with inverse-time
characteristic, while the high-set stage operates
with definite time characteristic only. The earth-
fault relay is used both as primary and back-up
earth-fault protection relay for feeders, trans-
formers, generators and motors. The relay can
be configured to cooperate with a residual volt-
age relay used for blocking/deblocking the op-
eration of the earth-fault relay.
1MRS 750801-MUM EN
Issued 97-07-02
Version A (replaces 34 SPAJ 21 EN1)
Checked TK
Approved TK
Data subject to change without notice

3
Description of
operation
The earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C is a secondary
relay that is connected to the current transform-
ers of the object to be protected. The earth-fault
current can be measured either via a set of three
phase current transformers in a residual current
connection or a window-type core-balance cur-
rent transformer. When a core-balance current
transformer is used, it should be secured that the
repeatability of the current transformer is suffi-
cient also at high earth-fault currents. When an
earth-fault occurs, the relay delivers an alarm
signal, trips the circuit breaker or starts an
external auto-reclose relay, depending on the
application and the configuration of the relay.
When the energizing current exceeds the set
start value I0> of the low-set stage, the earth-
fault relay starts. When, at definite time opera-
tion, the set operate time t> or, at IDMT opera-
tion, the calculated operate time t>, expires, the
relay operates. In the same way the high-set stage
starts once its set start value I0>> is exceeded
and, when the set operate time t>> expires, the
relay operates.
The low-set stage of the earth-fault relay can be
given either definite-time or inverse-time char-
acteristic. At inverse time characteristic four
inverse time curve sets with different degrees of
inversity are available: Normal inverse, Very
inverse, Extremely inverse and Long-time in-
verse. These curve sets comply with the BS 142
and IEC 255 standards.
The start signal from the earth-fault relay is
received as contact function. The start signal can
be used, for instance, for blocking cooperating
protection relays.
The relay contains one optically isolated logic
input for incoming external control signals,
generally blocking signals.
NON-DIRECTIONAL DEFINITE TIME
OR INVERSE TIME EARTH-FAULT
PROTECTION STAGE Io>
NON-DIRECTIONAL DEFINITE TIME
EARTH-FAULT PROTECTION
STAGE Io>>
BLOCKING OF ONE EARTH-FAULT
PROTECTION STAGE OR BOTH
SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT
51N
50N
TRIP 1
TRIP 2
START 1
IRF
SIGNAL 1
SERIAL I/O
Io
BLOCKING
START 2
Fig. 1. Protection functions of the earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C. The encircled numbers refer to the
ANSI (=American National Standards Institute) number of the concerned protection function.

4
Fig. 2. Connection diagram for the earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C.
Uaux Auxiliary voltage
A, B, C, D, E, F Output relays
IRF Self-supervision function
BS Blocking signal
SS Start signal
TS Trip signal
SGR Switchgroup for configuring trip and alarm signals
SGB Switchgroup for configuring blocking signals
TRIP_ Trip output
SIGNAL1 Signal on relay operation
START_ Start signal or signal on relay operation
U1 Non-directional earth-fault relay module SPCJ 1C8
U2 Power supply and I/O module SPTU 240S1 or SPTU 48S1
U3 I/O module SPTE 1E12
SERIAL PORT Serial communication port
SPA-ZC_ Bus connection module
Rx/Tx Optical-fibre receiver (Rx) and transmitter (Tx) of the bus connection module
BS
L1
L2
L3
5A 1A
SPAJ 110 C U2
U3 1111
DCBA
+
Uaux
0
I
0
I
-
-
+
+
25
SGR/1
+-
+
-(~)
(~)
≅
_
10 11 61 62 7877 8180 6968 6665
SGR 7 5 683 2 4
START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1
SPA-ZC_
Rx Tx
26 27
U3
E
717270
IRF
IRF
74 7573
F
START2
TS2
TS1
SGB
SS1
SS2
U1
5
4
I/O
t >>
t >,k
Io>
Io>>
SERIAL
PORT
Connections

5
Made in Finland
25
26
27
73
74
75
70
71
72
61
62
65
66
68
69
80
81
77
78
10
11
TTL
B470498
Rx
Tx
Fig.3. Rear view of earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C.
Specification of input and output terminals
Contacts Function
25-26 Neutral current I0(In= 5 A)
25-27 Neutral current I0(In= 1 A)
10-11 External blocking signal (BS)
61-62 Auxiliary power supply.
When DC voltage is used the positive pole is connected to terminal 61.
65-66 Trip output 1 for stages I0> and I0>> (TRIP 1)
68-69 Trip output 2 for stages I0> and I0>> (TRIP 2)
80-81 Signal on tripping of stages I0> and I0>> (SIGNAL 1)
77-78 Signal on tripping of stage I0>>, start of stages I0> and I0>> (START 1)
73-74-75 Start of stage I0> (START 2). Under normal conditions the contact interval 73-75
is closed. When stage I0> starts, the contact interval 74-75 closes.
70-71-72 Self-supervision (IRF) alarm output. Under normal conditions the contact interval
70-72 is closed. When the auxiliary voltage disappears or an internal fault is
detected, the contact interval 71-72 closes.
Protective earth terminal
The earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C is connected
to the fibre optic data communication bus by
means of the bus connection module SPA-ZC
17 or SPA-ZC 21.
The bus connection module is fitted to the D-
type connector (SERIAL PORT) on the rear
panel of the relay. The opto-connectors of the
optical fibres are plugged into the counter con-
nectors Rx and Tx on the bus connection mod-
ule.

6
The start signal of the I0> stage is firmly/solidly
wired to output relay F and the trip signal to
output relay A. The trip signal of the I0>> stage
is wired to output relay A. In addition, the
following functions can be selected with the
switches of the SGR switchgroup on the front
panel:
Switch Function Factory
setting
SGR/1 Routes the external blocking signal to the neutral current module 1
SGR/2 Routes the start signal of stage I0>> to output relay D 1
SGR/3 Routes the start signal of stage I0> to output relay D 1
SGR/4 Routes the trip signal of stage I0>> to output relay D 1
SGR/5 Routes the trip signal of stage I0>> to output relay C 1
SGR/6 Routes the trip signal of stage I0>> to output relay A 1
SGR/7 Routes the trip signal of stage I0> to output relay C 1
SGR/8 Routes the trip signal of stage I0> to output relay B 1
Configuration of
output relays
The circuit breakers can be operated directly
both with output relay A or output relay B. Thus
either operation stage may have its own output
relay or two separate circuit breakers can be
operated with the same protection relay.

7
2. The yellow LED (I0) on the upper black part
of the front plate indicates, when lit, that the
value of the neutral current I0is currently
being displayed.
3. The red IRF indicator of the self-supervision
system indicates, when lit, that a permanent
internal relay fault has been detected. The
fault code appearing on the display once a
fault has been detected should be recorded
and notified when service is ordered.
4. The green Uaux LED on the front panel is lit
whenthepowersupply module operates prop-
erly.
5. The LED indicator below a setting knob
indicates, when lit, that the setting value is
being displayed.
6. The LED of the SG1 switchgroup indicates,
when lit, that the checksum of the switch-
group is being displayed.
The start and operation indicators, the function
of the SG2 software switchgroup and the func-
tions of the LED indicators during setting are
described more detailed in manual for the non-
directional earth-faut relay module SPCJ 1C8.
Start and
operation
indicators oIRF
I
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s
k>
t
0.5
0.05 1.0
2.5
0.5
0.5
0.05 1.0
0.1
0.35
0.8 STEP
RESET
SG1
01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.0
n
I
n
I
>>
t
[ ]
s
SPCJ 1C8
B
I
>
I
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>>
I
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STEP
RS 421 Ser.No.
SPAJ 110 C
2
5
1043B
fn= 50Hz
60Hz
1
2
3
4
5/>
tt
n
/
II
n
( )
>
I
n
( )
>>
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/
tt
%
[ ]
%
[ ]
U
aux
80...265V ~
–
18...80V –
n
I
=1A 5A ( )
I
SPCJ 1C8
REGISTERS
0000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
01
SGR
oo
o
1. Either current stage has its own operation
indicator (I0> and I0>>), located in the right
bottom corner of the front plate of the relay
module. Yellow light indicates that the con-
cerned stage has started and red light that the
stage has operated (tripped).
With the SG2 software switchgroup the start
and trip indicators can be given a latching
function, which means that the LEDs remain
lit, although the signal that caused operation
returns to normal. The indicators are reset
with the RESET push-button. An unreset
indicator does not affect the operation of the
relay.
The combined power supply and I/O module
(U2) is located behind the system front panel of
the protection relay and can be withdrawn after
removal of the system front panel. The power
supply and I/O module incorporates a power
unit, five output relays, the control circuits of
the output relays and the electronic circuitry of
the external control input.
The power unit is transformer connected, that
is, the primary side and the secondary circuits
are galvanically isolated. The primary side is
protected by a slow 1 A fuse F1, placed on the
PC board of the module. When the power
source operates properly, the green Uaux LED
on the front panel is lit.
The power supply and I/O module is available
in two versions which have different input volt-
age ranges:
- type SPTU 240 S1 Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc
- type SPTU 48 S1 Uaux = 18...80 V dc
The voltage range of the power supply and I/O
module inserted in the relay is marked on the
system front panel of the relay.
Combined power
supply and I/O
module

8
Energizing inputs 1 A 5 A
Terminals 25-27 25-26
Rated current In1 A 5 A
Thermal withstand capability
Carry continuously 4 A 20 A
Make and carry for 10 s 25 A 100 A
Make and carry for 1 s 100 A 500 A
Dynamic current withstand capability,
half-wave value 250 A 1250 A
Input impedance <100 mΩ<20mΩ
Rated frequency fn acc. to order 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Output contact ratings
Terminals 65-66, 68-69
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Carry continuously 5 A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry for 3 s 15 A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the manoeuvre
circuit time constant L/R ≤40 ms,
at the control voltages
- 220 V dc 1 A
- 110 V dc 3 A
- 48 V dc 5 A
Contact material AgCdO2
Signalling contacts
Terminals 70-71-72, 73-74-75, 77-78, 80-81
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Carry continuously 5 A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A
Make and carry for 3 s 8 A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the signalling
circuit time constant L/R ≤40 ms,
at the control voltages
- 220 V dc 0.15 A
- 110 V dc 0.25 A
- 48 V dc 1 A
Contact material AgCdO2
External control input
Terminals 10-11
Control voltage level 18...265 V dc or 80...265 V ac
Current consumption when input activated 2...20 mA
Auxiliary supply voltage
Power supply and I/O modules and voltage ranges:
- type SPTU 240 S1 80...265 V ac/dc
- type SPTU 48 S1 18...80 V dc
Power consumption under quiescent/operating
conditions ~4 W/~6 W
Technical data

9
Non-directional earth-fault relay module SPCJ 1C8
Low-set stage I0>
Start current I0>, setting range 0.1...0.8 x In
Selectable modes of operation
- definite time characteristic
- operate time t> 0.05...100 s
- inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic
- curve sets acc. to IEC 255-4 and BS 142 Normal inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
Long-time inverse
- time multiplier k 0.05...1.00
High-set stage I0>>
Start current I0>>, setting range 0.1...4.0 x Inand ∞, infinite
Operate time t>> 0.05...100 s
Data communication
Transmission mode Fibre optic serial bus
Data code ASCII
Selectable data transfer rates 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 Bd
Fibre optic bus connection module,
powered from the host relay
- for plastic fibre cables SPA-ZC 21 BB
- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 21 MM
Fibre optic bus connection module with
a built-in power supply unit
- for plastic fibre cables SPA-ZC 17 BB
- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 17 MM
Test voltages *)
Dielectric test voltage (IEC 255-5) 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impulse test voltage (IEC 255-5) 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J
Insulation resistance (IEC 255-5) >100 MΩ, 500 V dc
Disturbance tests *)
High-frequency (1 MHz) disturbance test
(IEC 255-22-1)
- common mode 2.5 kV
- differential mode 1.0 kV
Electrostatic discharge test (IEC 255-22-2
and IEC 801-2), class III
- air discharge 8 kV
- contact discharge 6 kV
Fast (5/50 ns) transients
- IEC 255-22-4, class III
- IEC 801-4, level IV:
power supply inputs 4 kV
other inputs 2 kV
Environmental conditions
Specified ambient service temperature range -10...+55°C
Long term damp heat withstand acc. to IEC 68-2-3 <95%, +40°C, 56 d/a
Relative humidity acc. to IEC 68-2-30 93...95%, +55°C, 6 cycles
Transport and storage temperature range -40...+70°C
Degree of protection by enclosure
for panel mounted relay IP 54
Weight of relay including flush mounting case 3.0 kg
*) The tests do not apply to the serial port, which is used for the bus connection module only.

10
Examples of
application
Example 1.
Feeder earth-fault
protection
Fig. 4. Earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C used for the earth fault protection of a feeder.
The earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C is used for
two-stage non-directional earth fault protection
of a feeder. The neutral current can be measured
either via a set of three phase current transform-
ers in residual current connection or a core-
balance current transformer.
The residual current connection is obtained by
parallelling the secondary sides of the phase
current transformers. The accuracy of the re-
sidual current connection depends on electrical
similarity of the current transformers. To secure
selectivity and stability at high fault current
levels, current transformers with high accuracy
limit factors are recommended especially if the
high-set stage is to operate instantaneously.
The residual current connection can be used in
cases with high earth-fault current magnitudes,
moderate sensitivity requirements and low cur-
rent transformer ratios. In solidly earthed net-
works or networks earthed over a low-resistance
resistor or low-impedance coil, the earth-fault
current is high enough to guarantee a sufficient
accuracy of the residual current connection for
measuring the earth-fault current.
BS
L1
L2
L3
5A 1A
SPAJ 110 C
U2
U3 1111
DCBA
+
Uaux
0
I
0
I
-
-
+
+
25
SGR/1
+-
+
-
(~)
(~)
≅
_
10 11 61 62 7877 8180 6968 6665
SGR 7 5 683 2 4
START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1
SPA-ZC_
Rx Tx
26 27
U3
E
717270
IRF
IRF
74 7573
F
START2
TS2
TS1
SGB
SS1
SS2
U1
5
4
I/O
t >>
t >,k
Io>
Io>>
SERIAL
PORT
1) 2)
1) Incoming blocking/deblocking signal from residual voltage relay
2) Outgoing blocking signal for the busbar earth-fault relay

11
Generally, the earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C
requires no blocking from a cooperating re-
sidual voltage relay. However, when required,
the stability of the earth-fault relay can be se-
cured with a blocking signal obtained from the
residual voltage relay of the busbar system. Then,
during a no-fault situation, the earth-fault relays
of the feeders are blocked by the residual voltage
relay. When an earth-fault arises on a feeder the
feeder earth-fault relay starts but does not oper-
ate until deblocked by the residual voltage relay,
when it starts. This blocking function is used to
prevent spurious operation of the earth-fault
relay, for instance, due to partial saturation of a
phase current transformer.
The low-set stage of the earth-fault relay module
can be given definite-time or inverse-time char-
acteristic. The high-set stage can be used for
instantaneous operation. In the above example
the start signal of the low-set stage is used for
blocking the earth-fault relay of the infeeder,
also functioning as busbar earth-fault relay, see
also example 2.
The function selector switches of the earth-fault
relay SPAJ 110 C can be set as follows:
Switch SG1/SPCJ 1C8 SGB/SPCJ 1C8 SGR
1 1 0 Not in use 1 Block. signal from res. volt. relay
2 0 0 Not in use 1 I0>> start signal to output relay D
3 1 Inverse time 0 Not in use 0 No I0> start sign. to output relay D
4 0 No latching 1 Blocking to t> 0 No I0>> trip sign. to output relay D
50I
0>> no doubling 0 No blocking to t>> 0 No I0>> trip sign. to output relay C
60I
0>>=0.5...4 x In0 Not in use 1 I0>> trip signal to output relay A
7 0 0 Not in use 1 I0> trip signal to output relay C
8 0 0 Not in use 0 No I0> trip signal to output relay B
∑5
}
}
When the switches are set as above, the output
contacts of SPAJ 110 C carry the following
signals:
Contact Function
65-66 Circuit breaker trip signal, stages I0>, I0>>
68-69 Signal on final trip, stage I0>>
80-81 Signal on final trip of stage I0>
77-78 Start signal of stage I0>>
73-74-75 Start signal of stage I0> , blocking signal to the earth-fault relay of the
busbar system
70-71-72 Self-supervision signal
Very inverse
t>>=0.05...1 s

12
0
I
0
I
-
-
+
+
I
II
BS
5A
1A
SPAJ 110 C
U2
U3 1111
DCBA
+
Uaux
25
SGR/1
+-
+
-
(~)
(~)
≅
_
10 11 61 62 7877 8180 6968 6665
SGR 7 5 683 2 4
START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1
SPA-ZC_
Rx Tx
26 27
U3
E
717270
IRF
IRF
74 7573
F
START2
TS2
TS1
SGB
SS1
SS2
U1
5
4
I/O
t >>
t >,k
Io>
Io>>
0
I
0
I
-
-
+
+
+
1)
SERIAL
PORT
1) Incoming blockingsdeblockings from the earth-fault relays of the outgoing feeders
Example 2.
Earth-fault protec-
tion of infeeder and
busbar system, back-
up protection of
feeders
Fig. 5. Earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C for the earth-fault protection of an infeeder and back-up
protection of outgoing feeders.

13
Switch SG1/SPCJ 1C8 SGB/SPCJ 1C8 SGR
1 1 0 Not in use 1 Blocking signal from feeders
2 0 0 Not in use 0 No I0>> start sign. to output relay D
3 1 Inverse time 0 Not in use 0 No I0> start signal to output relay D
4 1 Latching 0 No blocking to t> 1 I0>> trip signal to output relay D
5 0 No I0>> doubling 1 Blocking to t>> 0 No I0>> trip signal to output relay C
61I
0>>=0.1...0.8 x In0 Not in use 0 No I0>> trip signal to output relay A
7 0 0 Not in use 1 I0> trip signal to output relay C
8 0 0 Not in use 0 No I0> trip signal to output relay B
∑45
The low-set stage of the earth-fault relay serves
as back-up protection for the outgoing feeders
and the high-set stage as primary earth-fault
protection of the busbar system. If the earth-
fault occurs on an outgoing feeder, the earth-
fault relay of the outgoing feeder delivers a
blocking signal to the earth-fault relay of the
infeeder on starting. Should the earth-fault oc-
cur on the busbar system or in the infeeder
cubicle, no blocking signal is obtained and the
earth-fault relay of the infeeder operates. The
incoming blocking signals are linked to the
high-set stage of the earth fault relay of the
infeeder with the SGB/5 switch on the PC board
of the earth-fault relay module SPCJ 1C8 of the
infeeder earth-fault relay.
The neutral current is measured via a current
transformer located in the neutral earthing cir-
cuit on the LV side of the power transformer.
On operation the high-set stage of the earth-
fault relay trips the circuit breaker on the HV
side of the power transformer. Thus an earth-
fault on the busbar system is rapidly discon-
nected. The low-set stage trips the circuit breaker
on the LV side of the power transformer. This
allows operate times of down to 100 ms at
busbar earth-faults.
In the above example the trip relay has been
given a latching function (SG1/4=1). The trip
relay can be manually reset from the front panel
of the relay, or via a command over the serial
bus.
The function selector switches of the earth-fault
relay SPAJ 110 C can be set as follows:
}
}
When the switches are set as above, the output
contacts of SPAJ 110 C have the following
functions:
Contact Function
65-66 LV side circuit breaker trip signal, stage I0>
68-69 HV side circuit breaker trip signal, stage I0>>
80-81 Signal on final trip of stage I0>
77-78 Signal on final trip of stage I0>>
73-74-75 Start signal of stage I0>
70-71-72 Self-supervision signal
Very inverse
t>>=0.05...1 s

14
The data recorded in the registers of the relay
can be used both to analyze an earth-fault situ-
ation and to study the behaviour of the protec-
tion equipment.
Register 1 stores the maximum measured neu-
tral current of the relay as a multiple of the rated
current of the energizing input used. If the relay
operates, the current measured at the moment
of operation is memorized. A new relay opera-
tion erases the previous value from the register
and updates the register contents. The register is
also erased and updated whenever the measured
current exceeds the currently recorded value.
The level of the neutral current value recorded
in a fault situation shows the degree of develop-
ment of the earth fault. The data of register 1
also show how close the relay’s start current is to
the actual fault current value.
Correspondingly the ratio between the set start
current and the current values during normal
operation can be determined by reading the
normal current values via the display of the relay.
The number of times the different stages have
started, registers 2 and 3, provides information
on the occurrence of earth-faults and informa-
tion on the distribution of earth-faults in respect
of the fault resistance. Frequent starts may be a
sign of an imminent earth-fault or some kind of
disturbance apt to cause an earth-fault.
Registers 4 and 5 show the duration of the latest
start situation of the stages, expressed in per cent
of the set operate time or, at inverse time opera-
tion the calculated operate time. Any new start
resets the counter, which restarts from zero. If
the stage operates, the register value will be 100.
The registers 4 and 5 give information on the
duration of an earth-fault, or, if a final trip has
been performed, the safety margin of the grad-
ing times of the selective protection. If, for
instance, the value of register 4 of the busbar
earth-fault relay operating as feeder back-up
protection is 75 when the earth-fault relay of the
feeder has operated, the safety margin between
the primary protection and the back-up protec-
tion is 25%.
The registers 1...5 are reset either by pressing the
STEP and RESET push-buttons simultaneously
or with a command, V102, over the SPA bus.
Recorded data
and fault analysis
Testing, both primary and secondary, should
always be performed in accordance with na-
tional regulations and instructions.
The protection relay incorporates an IRF func-
tion that continuously monitors the internal
state of the relay and produces an alarm signal on
the detection of a fault. According to the manu-
facturer’s recommendations the relay should be
submitted to secondary testing at five years’
intervals. These tests should include the entire
protection chain from the instrument trans-
formers to the circuit breakers.
The secondary testing described in this manual
is based on the relay’s setting values during
normal operation. If necessary, the secondary
testing can be extended by testing the protection
stages throughout their setting ranges.
As switch positions and setting values have to be
altered during the test procedure the correct
positions of switches and the setting values of
the relay during normal operation conditions
have to be recorded, for instance, on the refer-
ence card accompanying the relay.
To enable secondary injection testing the relay
has to be disconnected, either through discon-
nectable terminal blocks or a test plug fitted on
the relay.
DANGER!
Do not open the secondary circuit of a cur-
rent transformer under any phases of the
testing, if the primary circuit is live. The high
voltage produced by an open CT secondary
circuit could be lethal and may damage in-
struments and insulation.
When auxiliary voltage is connected to the
protection relay, the relay performs a self-testing
program, which does not includes the matching
transformers and the contacts of the output
relays. The operational condition of the relay is
tested by means of ordinary relay test equipment
and such a test also includes the matching trans-
formers, the output relays and the accuracy of
the operate values.
Equipment required for testing:
- adjustable voltage transformer 0...260 V, 1 A
- current transformer
- ammeter, accuracy ±0.5%
- stop watch or counter for time measurement
- dc voltage source
- switches and indicator lamps
- supply and pilot wires
- calibrated multimeter
Secondary
injection testing

15
The secondary current of the current trans-
former is to be selected on the basis of the rated
current, 1 A or 5 A, of the relay energizing input
to be tested. The energizing inputs are specified
under the heading "Technical data, Energizing
inputs".
5A
1A
SPAJ 110 C U2
U3 1111
DCBA
25
SGR/1
U3+-
E
_
10 11 61 62 717270 7877 8180 6968 6665
SGR 75 6
8
3 2 4
SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1
26 27
IRFUaux
+(~)
-(~)
A
TIMER START
S1
L1 N
S2 L2 L3
BS START1
TIMER STOP
≅
IRF
L1 L4
TS2 TS1
SGB
SS1 SS2
U1
5 4
I/O
t >>
t >,k
Io>
Io>>
73 74 75
START2
Fig. 6. Secondary injection test connection for earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C.
When the test connection has been completed
and the selector switches properly set, the auxil-
iary voltage is connected to the relay.
The operation of the test connection can be
verified by using a multimeter.

16
Apply a pure sinusoidal voltage to the relay and
compare the current value indicated on the
display of the relay with that shown by the
ammeter. The measurements can be made, for
instance, at the rated current of the relay. Note
that the relay shows the measured current as a
multiple of the rated current Inof the energizing
input used.
Testing of internal
matching trans-
formers
Set the switches of the SGR switchgroup as
follows before starting the test:
Switch Position
11
20
30
40
50
60
71
80
When the switches are set as above, the output
relays have the following functions.
Output relays Function
(terminals)
A (65-66) Trip signal of stage I0>
B (68-69) (Trip signal of stage I0>>)
C (80-81) Signal on trip of stage I0>>
D (77-78) Not in use
E (71-72) Self-supervision signal (L1)
F (74-75) Start signal of stage I0> (L2)
Starting
Carry out the test according to Fig. 6. Close the
S1 switch and increase the test current slowly
until the relay starts (L2 is lit). Then read the
start current value indicated by the ammeter.
Operate time
Definite-time characteristic
Set the test current at 2 x the set start value of
stage I0>. The clock is started by the closing of
switch S1 and stopped via contact 65-66, when
output relay A picks up.
The operation of output relay C is indicated by
L4.
When the relay starts, the I0> LED in the right
bottom corner of the front panel is lit with
yellow light. When the relay operates, the indi-
cator LED turns red.
Inverse time characteristic
At inverse-time characteristic, the operate time
is measured with two different test current val-
ues (2 x I0> and 10 x I0>). The operate times
thus obtained are compared with the operate
times received from the current/time curves for
the concerned inverse-time characteristic.
Blocking
Set switches 4 and 5 of switchgroup SGB and
switch SGR/1 in position 1 (ON).
Apply a control voltage on the auxiliary voltage
level to the external control input of the relay by
closing switch S2. Increase the test current until
the low-set stage I0> starts. After the set operate
time the low-set stage is not allowed to operate
as long as the blocking is active.
Testing of the low-
set stage I0>

17
Set the switches of the SGR switchgroup on the
front panel as follows before starting the test of
the high-set stage:
Switch Position
11
21
30
40
51
60
70
80
When the switches are set as above, the output
relays have the following functions
Output relays Function
(terminals)
A (65-66) (Operation of stage I0>)
B (68-69) Operation of stage I0>>
C (80-81) Signal on trip of stage I0>>
(L4)
D (77-78) Start signal of stage I0>> (L3)
E (71-72) Self-supervision signal (L1)
F (74-75) (Start signal of stage I0>)
The test procedure is the same as for the low-set
stage, but with the exception that, when the
operate times are measured, the clock is stopped
via contact 68-69, output relay B.
Note!
The current carrying capacity of the wiring,
terminals and matching transformers of the
relay is limited, see chapter "Technical data".
The test wires should have an cross-section of 4
mm2. Then 100 A is allowed to be connected for
max. 1 s to a 1 A energizing input and for max.
10 s to a 5 A energizing input.
Testing of the high-
set stage I0>>
Testing of self-
supervision output
relay (IRF)
The self-supervision system and the function of
the IRF LED and the output relay E can be
tested in the Trip test mode described in the
document "General characteristics of C-type
relay modules". The operation of output relay E
is indicated by L1.

18
Maintenance
and repair
When used under the conditions specified in
the section "Technical data", the relay requires
practically no maintenance. The relay includes
no parts or components that are sensitive to
abnormal physical or electrical wear under nor-
mal operating conditions.
If the environmental conditions on site differ
from those specified, as to temperature and
humidity, or if the atmosphere around the relay
contains chemically active gases or dust, the
relay should be visually inspected during the
relay secondary testing. The visual inspection
should focus on:
- Signs of mechanical damage on relay case and
terminals
- Dust accumulated inside the relay cover or
case; remove carefully with compressed air or
a soft brush
- Signs of corrosion on terminals, case or com-
ponents inside the relay
If the relay fails in operation or if the operation
values considerably differ from those stated in
the relay specifications, the relay should be given
a proper overhaul. Minor measures, such as
exchange of a faulty module, can be taken by
personnel from the customer’s instrument work-
shop, but major measures involving the elec-
tronics are to be taken by the manufacturer.
Please contact the manufacturer or his nearest
representative for further information about
checking, overhaul and calibration of the relay.
Note!
The protection relays contain electronic circuits
which are liable to serious damage due to elec-
trostatic discharge. Before removing a module,
ensure that you are at the same electrostatic
potential as the equipment by touching the case.
Note!
Static protection relays are measuring instru-
ments and should be handled with care and
protected against damp and mechanical stress,
especially during transport and storage.
Spare parts Non-directional earth-fault relay module SPCJ 1C8
Combined power supply and I/O module
- Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc SPTU 240S1
- Uaux = 18...80 V dc SPTU 48S1
Case (including I/O module) SPTK 1E12
I/O module SPTE 1E12
Bus connection module SPA-ZC 17_ or SPA-ZC 21_
Ordering
numbers
Earth-fault relay without test adapter
SPAJ 110 C RS 421 010 -AA, CA, DA, FA
Earth-fault relay with test adapter RTXP 18
SPAJ 110 C RS 421 210 -AA, CA, DA, FA
The two last letters of the ordering number designate the rated frequency fnand
the Uaux voltage range of the relay as follows:
AA: fn= 50 Hz and Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc
CA: fn= 50 Hz and Uaux = 18...80 V dc
DA: fn= 60 Hz and Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc
FA: fn= 60 Hz and Uaux = 18...80 V dc

19
The relay case is basically designed for flush-
mounting. The mounting depth can be reduced
by the use of a raising frame: type SPA-ZX 111
reduces the depth behind the mounting panel
by 40 mm, type SPA-ZX 112 by 80 mm and
type SPA-ZX 113 by 120 mm. The relay can
also be mounted in a case for surface mounting,
type designation SPA-ZX 115.
Dimensions and
instructions for
mounting
Fig. 7. Dimensions of the earth-fault relay SPAJ 110 C
The relay case is made of profile aluminium and
finished in beige.
A rubber gasket fitted on the mounting collar
provides an IP54 degree of protection between
relay case and mounting panel, when the relay is
flush mounted.
The hinged cover of the relay case is made of a
clear, UV stabilized polycarbonate, and pro-
vided with a sealable fastening screw. A gasket
along the edge of the cover provides an IP54
degree of protection between the case and the
cover.
All input and output wires are connected to the
screw terminal blocks on the rear panel. Each
terminal is dimensioned for one max. 6 mm2
wire or two max. 2.5 mm2wires. The D-type
connector connects to the serial communica-
tion bus.
Information
required with
order
1. Quantity and type designation 15 pces relay SPAJ 110 C
2. Order number RS 421 010-AA
3. Rated frequency fn= 50 Hz
4. Auxiliary voltage Uaux = 110 V dc
5. Accessories 15 bus connection modules SPA-ZC 21 MM
2 fibre optic cables SPA-ZF MM 100
14 fibre optic cables SPA-ZF MM 5
6. Special requirements –
Raising frame
SPA-ZX 111
SPA-ZX 112
SPA-ZX 113
176
136
96
74
114
154
ab
ab
Panel cut-out
129 ±1
139 ±1
142
162
136
30 34
250
186
216