ABB REA 10 Series User manual

Arc Protection Relay
Product Guide
REA 10_
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
Features • Loop-type sensor fiber, radial sensor fiber
or lens-type sensor for arc detection
• Two high-speed semiconductor outputs for
tripping
• Tripping from light only or secured with
fast, adjustable three-phase or two-phase
and neutral overcurrent condition
• Total operate time <2.5 ms
• Wide area automatic or manual backlight
compensation
• Two RJ45 ports for chaining the extension
units
• Two opto-connectors for fast ON/OFF sig-
nal transfer between central units
• Circuit-breaker failure protection, i.e.
delayed output for higher-level circuit
breaker
• Self-supervision unit for monitoring the
sensor fiber, operating voltages and
cabling between central units and exten-
sion units
Application Consequences of an arcing short circuit or
earth fault within a low or medium voltage
switchgear can be very serious. An arc can
destroy costly equipment, and cause pro-
longed and expensive downtime. Further-
more, an arc can cause serious injuries to
personnel.
Sources of arcing can be e.g. failure of insula-
tion, mal-operation of a device, improper bus
or cable joints, overvoltage, corrosion, pollu-
tion, moisture, ferro-resonance (instrument
transformers) and even ageing under electri-
cal stress. Most of these could be prevented
by sufficient maintenance. But in spite of all
precautions, human errors by personnel can
also lead to arc faults.
Time is critical when it comes to detecting
and minimising the effects of an arc. An arc
fault lasting 500 ms may cause severe dam-
age to the installation. If the arc lasts less than
100 ms the damage is often smaller, but if the
arc is eliminated in less than 35 ms the dam-
age is almost unnoticed.
Substantial damages and serious conse-
quences of an arc fault hazard can be miti-
gated with fast acting REA 101 Arc
Protection System. In addition to arcing short
circuits, even arcing earth faults with current
levels below normal load current can be
detected and interrupted already before they
escalate to two or three-phase short circuit.
Normally applied bus bar protection relaying
arrangements may be too slow to ensure safe
fault clearance times at arc faults. E.g. opera-
tion time of the overcurrent relay controlling
the incoming CB may have to be delayed
hundreds of milliseconds for selectivity rea-
sons. This delay can be avoided using
REA 10_ arc protection system: Total fault
clearance time can be reduced to max 2.5 ms
plus circuit breaker’s action time.
Furthermore, autoreclosure trials doomed to
fail at cable compartment faults can be elimi-
nated with arc protection.
The arc protection relay REA 101 and the
extension units REA 103, REA 105 and REA
107 are designed to be used for the protection
of medium and low-voltage air-insulated
switchgear. The central unit type REA 101
operates independently or together with the
extension units REA 103, REA 105 and
REA 107. These extension units allow the
number of sensor fibers and/or lens sensors to
be increased, thus extending the area to be
protected. In an arc situation, the fault place
is quickly localized by inspecting the area
covered by the sensor that detected the arc.
The design of the extension units REA 103
and REA 105 is nearly the same. The main
difference between the units is that the
REA 105 is provided with two fast trip out-
puts capable of opening, for example, the bus
coupler or both circuit breakers of a duplex
feeder. Thus selective tripping is achieved.
The REA 107 is also used for the extension of
the protection area. It has inputs for eight
lens-type sensors. The arc protection relay
REA 101 is provided with two output ports,
to each of which a maximum of five exten-
sion units can be chained.
1MRS750929-MBG
Issued: 1May 1999
Status: Updated
Version: D / 22.06.2005
Data subject to change without notice
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
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Design Arc protection relay REA 101
Overcurrent detection unit
The selection switch is used to select between
three-phase current measurement or two-
phase and neutral current measurement.
Three-phase current measurement
The three-phase currents are measured via
transformers. When the current on one phase
exceeds the selected reference level, an over-
current signal is activated.
The selection switch is used to select the cur-
rent reference level for the current inputs L1,
L2 and L3. The available current level set-
tings are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 6.0
times the rated current (In = 1.0 A or 5.0 A).
Two-phase and neutral current measure-
ment
When the current in L1, L3 or L2 (neutral
current) exceeds the selected reference level,
an overcurrent signal is activated.
The available current level settings for L1 and
L3 are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 6.0 times
the rated current (In = 1.0 A or 5.0 A).
The available current level settings for L2 are
0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.6 times
the rated current (In = 1.0 A or 5.0 A).
Light detection unit
The light captured by the sensor is amplified
and compared to the pre-selected light refer-
ence level. Once the light exceeds the set ref-
erence level, a light signal is activated.
The selection switch is used to activate the
arc detection sensor.
The selection switch is used to select auto-
matic or manual light reference level.
If the automatic reference level is selected,
the unit forms the reference level based on
the backlight intensity measured by the sen-
sor.
When the manual reference level is selected,
the unit forms the reference level based on
the value that was selected with the light ref-
erence level adjustment potentiometer on the
front panel.
The sensor fiber condition is monitored by
sending a test pulse through the fiber. If a test
pulse is not received at regular intervals at the
other end of the fiber loop, the “Sensor Fault”
LED and the self-supervision LED “IRF” are
activated, and the IRF relay resets.
If the sensor-monitoring feature is not
needed, it can be deactivated by using the
selection switch.
Sensitivity of sensors
A050616
Fig. 1 Sensitivity of REA 10_ sensors at various
backlight compensation settings
The intensity of a high-current arc light in a
two- or three-phase short circuit can be tens
of thousands of luxes. The intensity of a nor-
mal office lighting is 200-300 luxes.
The exact determination of the detecting
reach of the light sensors is difficult, because
the detecting reach depends on several fac-
tors:
• Light source energy
• Fiber length
• Reflectances
• Backlight compensation settings
Sensitivity of fiber sensors
The incidence angle of the light is not rele-
vant with fiber sensors.
When an arc protection system is designed,
the length of the sensor fiber per one switch-
gear compartment must be selected according
to the possible short-circuit or earth-fault cur-
rent, and the distance between the sensor and
arc. When selecting sensor fiber length, refer
to the table 1.
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
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.
The information in the table 1 is based on the
following reference conditions:
• Copper busbars
• Arc length 10 cm
• Surrounding light ~ 400 lux
• No reflecting surfaces
• Light reference level is set one scale mark
to the right from the minimum
Sensitivity of lens sensors
The relative sensitivity of the lens sensor
from different angles of lightning is presented
in figure 2. The normal operating sector is -
130°... +130°. In practice, light is also
reflected from the compartment walls, so the
detecting angle is not critical.
The detection distance of a lens sensor is 3
meters. Therefore, when protecting busbar
sections, the maximum distance of lens sen-
sors from one another is 6 meters
.
SensitivityAngles
Fig. 2 Relative sensitivity of the REA lens sensor
from different angles of lighting
Trip output
The trip output is provided with:
• Two high-speed galvanically isolated
IGBT semi-conductor outputs, HSO1 and
HSO2
• Relay output, TRIP3
The control signal of the outputs is activated
if the overcurrent signal and the light signal,
but not the operating voltage fault signal, are
active at the same time.
When the “Trip Condition” key switch on the
relay’s front panel is in “Light” position, the
overcurrent signal is constantly active, and
tripping is activated by an arc alone. When a
trip signal is delivered, the trip outputs are
latched in active state. The outputs can be
reseted either by pushing the “Reset” button
on the relay’s front panel, or by using a reset
signal applied to RESET input.
Ports A and B for connecting extension
units
The selection switches are used to activate the
ports A and B.
The extension units are connected to the ports
A and B by using connection cables. The
extension unit receives its operating voltage
and operation signals over the port.
The ports are protected against short-circuit
and cable breaks. If the connection cable
from a port breaks, the concerned chain is
disconnected, and the fault LED (Port A
Fault” or “Port B Fault”) as well as the “IRF”
LED on the central unit are lit, and the IRF
relay resets.
A maximum of 5 extension units can be con-
nected to one port. If an extension unit
included in the chain connected to the port is
damaged, the fault LED of the port starts
flashing, the “IRF” LED is lit and the IRF
relay resets.
Table 1: Minimum length (cm) of the exposed sensor fiber per one switchgear
compartment
Fault current (rms) Distance between sensor and arc
100 cm 200 cm 300 cm 400 cm
0.5 kA 20 -a-a-a
0.7 kA 20 70 210 280
1.4 kA 20 20 20 140
2.2 kA 20 20 20 20
a) Not operational.
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
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Optolink communication
The REA 101 relay contains two communica-
tion links: Optolink 1 and Optolink 2.
The selection switches are used to select the
links to be used, and the messages to be com-
municated between them.The purpose of the
communication link is to communicate
ON/OFF type messages between the central
units over the signal transfer fiber. The mes-
sage can be:
• Light signal
• Overcurrent signal
• Trip signal
Only one type of message per optolink can be
transmitted between the central units. The
data to be communicated depends on the sys-
tem design.
To monitor the connection, a test pulse is sent
through the signal transfer fiber at regular
intervals. If the test pulse is not received at
the specified time, the optolink fault LED
(“Optolink 1 Fault” or “Optolink 2 Fault”)
and the “IRF” LED of the central unit is lit,
and the IRF relay resets.
Circuit-breaker failure protection
The circuit-breaker failure protection (CBFP)
is enabled, when the Trip Condition key
switch is in “Current&Light” position.
The circuit-breaker failure protection is
implemented by delaying either the HSO2
output or the TRIP3 output, or when required,
both the outputs. Note that if both the outputs
are used, the delay time is the same, but the
pick-up time of the relay (5...15 ms) is added
to the TRIP3 relay.
The selection switches are used to select the
wanted alternative.
The selected delay time, 100 ms or 150 ms,
starts running once the HSO1 is activated.
Delayed tripping does not take place if the
overcurrent signal disappears before the spec-
ified time delay elapses.
When the circuit-breaker failure protection is
not in use, all the trip outputs operate in paral-
lel.
Self-supervision unit
In addition to that mentioned in the above
sections, the self-supervision unit (IRF) mon-
itors the operating voltage of the relay. If a
fault is detected in the operating voltages, the
self-supervision unit prevents the relay from
operating. In addition, the “IRF” LED of the
central unit is lit, and the IRF relay resets.
The self-supervision signal output operates
on the closed circuit principle as presented in
the figure below. Under normal conditions,
the output relay is energized and the contact
gap between 8 and 10 is closed. If the auxil-
iary power supply fails, or an internal fault is
detected, the contact gap between 8 and 10 is
opened.
A050349
Fig. 3 Self-supervision output (IRF)
Extension unit REA 103
The Arc Protection Module REA 103 is an
extension unit designed to be used together
with the central unit REA 101.
The function of the REA 103 unit is to detect
light and to provide the REA 101 relay with
information about this.
The use of the extension unit allows the pro-
tection area to be extended and the protected
object to be divided into smaller areas
Features:
• Two sensor fibers for arc detection; loop or
radial arrangement
• Two signal relays for each sensor fiber
• Relays activated by light detected by the
sensor fiber
• Two RJ-45 ports for connecting REA 101
relay and extension units
• Self-supervision unit monitoring operat-
ing voltages and sensor fiber loops.
Extension unit REA 105
The Arc Protection Module REA 105 is an
extension unit designed to be used together
with the central unit REA 101.
The function of the REA 105 unit is to detect
light and to carry out tripping, if the REA 101
relay provides an overcurrent signal at the
same time, or delivers a trip command.
The use of extension units allows the protec-
tion area to be extended and the protected
object to be divided into smaller areas. Thus a
more selective system is obtained.
IRF
9
8
10
IRF
8
10
9
Normal condition Fault condition
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
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Features:
• Loop-type or radial sensor fiber for arc
detection.
• Two high-speed semi-conductor outputs
for tripping.
• Signal relay activated by light detected by
the sensor fiber.
• Three RJ-45 ports for connecting the
REA 101 relay and extension units.
• Circuit-breaker failure protection. Delayed
light signal to REA 101, which opens the
higher-level circuit breaker.
• Self-supervision unit which monitors oper-
ating voltages and the sensor fiber loop.
Extension unit REA 107
The Arc Protection Module REA 107 is an
extension unit designed to be used together
with the central unit, Arc Protection Relay
REA 101.
The function of the REA 107 unit is to detect
light and to provide the REA 101 relay with
information about this.
The use of the extension unit allows the pro-
tection area to be extended and the protected
object to be divided into smaller areas.
Features:
• 8 lens-type sensors for arc detection
•2signalrelays
• 2 RJ-45 ports for connecting REA 101
relay and other extension units
• Self-supervision unit that monitors operat-
ing voltages
• LED indicators for each sensor.
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
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Technical data
Table 2: Current input
Rated current 1 A / 5 A
Continuous load current 4 A / 20 A
Momentary current for 1 s 100 A / 500 A
Dynamic current withstand, half-wave value 250 A/ 1250 A
Input impedance <100 mΩ/ <20 mΩ
Rated frequency 50 / 60 Hz
Table 3: Outputs
Trip contacts HSO1 and HSO2:
Rated voltage 250 V DC/AC
Continuous carry 1.5 A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry for 3 s 15 A
Breaking capacity for DC, when the control circuit
time constant L/R <40 ms, at 48/110/220 V DC 5 A/3 A/1 A
Trip contact TRIP3:
Rated voltage 250 V DC/AC
Continuous carry 5 A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry for 3 s 15 A
Breaking capacity for DC, when the control circuit
time constant L/R <40 ms, at 48/110/220 V DC 5 A/3 A/1 A
Signal contacts IRF:
Rated voltage 250 V DC/AC
Continuous carry 5 A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A
Make and carry for 3 s 8 A
Breaking capacity for DC, when the control circuit
time constant L/R <40 ms, at 48/110/220 V DC 1 A/0.25 A/0.15 A
Table 4: Control input
Reset input RESET:
Control voltages:
Rated voltages and operating ranges Un=
24/48/60/110/220/250 V DC
18...300 V DC
Un= 110/120/220/
240 V AC
18...265 V AC
Not active, when control voltage < 9 V DC, 6 V AC
Control current 1.5...20 mA
Minimum pulse length 1 s
Table 5: Circuit-breaker failure protection CBFP
Selectable operate time delays 150 ms / 100 ms
Operate time accuracy:
HSO2 ±5% of setting value
TRIP3 ±5% of setting value
+5...15 ms
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
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Table 6: Power supply
Relay types REA101-AAA, REA101-AAAG:
Uaux rated Ur= 110/120/220/240 V AC
Ur= 110/125/220/250 V DC
Uaux variation 85...110% Ur(AC)
80...120% Ur(DC)
Relay types REA101-CAA, REA101-CAAG:
Uaux rated Ur= 24/48/60 V DC
Uaux variation 80...120% UrDC
Table 7: Power consumption
REA 101 Power consumption of relay under
quiescent/operating conditions
~9 W / ~12 W
Max. port output power ~19 W
Max. number of extension
units/port
5
Max. power consumption with 10
extension units connected
<50 W
REA 103
(operating voltage over the port of
REA 101)
Power consumption of relay under
quiescent/operating conditions
~1.6 W / ~3.3 W
REA 105
(operating voltage over the port of
REA 101)
Power consumption of relay under
quiescent/operating conditions
~2.7 W / ~3.7 W
REA 107
(operating voltage over the port of
REA 101)
Power consumption of relay under
quiescent/operating conditions
~1.7 W / ~2.7 W
Table 8: Sensor fiber
Maximum length without splices or with one splice 60 m
Maximum length with two splices 50 m
Maximum length with three splices 40 m
Service temperature range -35…+80°C
Smallest permissible bending radius 50 mm
Table 9: Connection cable
Maximum lengtha40 m
a) Total length of the connection chain between the central unit and extension units
Table 10: Optolink communication
Maximum length of signal transfer fiber:
Plastic 40 m
Table 11: Setting range
Current setting steps In x 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, 6.0
Neutral current setting steps In x 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6
Operation accuracy ± 5% of the setting value or ±2% of
In
Table 12: Total operate time
HSO1 and HSO2 ≤2.5 ms
TRIP3 <15 ms
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Arc Protection Relay REA 10_
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Table 13: Environmental tests
Specified service temperature range -10...+55°C
Transport and storage temperature range -40...+70°C
Operation in dry heat conditions According to IEC 60068-2-2
Operation in dry cold conditions According to IEC 60068-2-1
Damp heat test cyclic According to IEC 60068-2-30
r.h. >95%, t = 20...55°C
Storage temperature test According to IEC 60068-2-48
Table 14: Encapsulation
REA 101 Degree of protection, IEC 60529 IP 20
Weight about 4.6 kg
REA 103 Degree of protection, IEC 60529 IP 20
Weight about 1.1 kg
REA 105 Degree of protection, IEC 60529 IP 20
Weight about 1.1 kg
REA 107 Degree of protection, IEC 60529 IP 20
Weight about 1.0 kg
Table 15: Insulation tests
Dielectric tests according to IEC 60255-5 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min.
Impulse voltage test according to IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J
Insulation resistance according to IEC 60255-5 >100 MΩ, 500 V DC
Table 16: Electromagnetic compatibility tests
EMC immunity test level meets the requirements listed below:
1 MHz burst disturbance test according to IEC 60255-22-1, class III:
Common mode 2.5 kV
Differential mode 1 kV
Electrostatic discharge test according to IEC 61000-4-2, class IV and
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.3-200:
For contact discharge 8 kV
For air discharge 15 kV
Radio-frequency electromagnetic field disturbance test according to IEC 61000-4-3 and
IEC 60255-22-3:
Amplitude-modulated:
Frequency f 80...1000 MHz
Field strength E 10 V/m (rms)
Pulse-modulated:
Frequency f 900 MHz
Field strength E 10 V/m (rms)
Radio frequency disturbance test according to
IEC 61000-4-6 and IEC 60255-22-6:
Conducted, common mode 10 V, 150 kHz...80 MHz
Fast transient disturbance tests according to
IEC 60255-22-4 and IEC 61000-4-4
4 kV
Surge immunity test according to IEC 61000-4-5 and IEC 60255-22-5:
Aux. voltage input, trip outputs:
Line-to-line 2 kV
Line-to-earth 4 kV
Signal contacts (IRF), current inputs, RESET input:
Line-to-line 1 kV
Line-to-earth 2 kV
Electromagnetic emission tests according to EN 55011 and IEC 60255-25:
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