ACTUATECH GD15 User manual

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Scotch –Yoke
Part turn pneumatic actuator
GD15 - GD1920 GS15 –GS960
CONTENTS
1) GENERAL FEATURES… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … pg.2
2) WORKING CONDITIONS… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … pg.2
3) OPERATION AND ROTATION DIRECTION… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … pg.5
4) SAFETY NOTICE… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..pg.7
5) INSTALLATION INSTRUCTION… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .pg.8
6) MAINTENANCE and MATERIALS SPECIFICATION … … … … … ..… … … … … … … … … … … .pg.16
7) ATEX 94/9/EC… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...pg.22
8) ACTUATOR SPECIAL VERSION… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...pg.23
Actuatech will be free to change all the specifications and data included in this manual at any time , so as to improve the quality and the
performance of its products.
8806.82/EN

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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1) General features
Actuatech manufacture a wide range of part turn pneumatic actuators for valve remote control, the actuators are available on
Double Acting “GD”and Spring Return “GS”versions.
- The principle of the actuator application is to open and close the connected valve, without the manual operation with lever
or hand wheel, by means of an electric-pneumatic connection on remote control.
- Scotch –Yoke is a mechanical system that allows to transform the linear force into a rotary torque.
Actuatech applies the scotch - yoke system for its actuator production to transfer the pistons linear force to a driving shaft
torque.
This system provides a long working life and best performance with the minimum energy consumption.
- Actuatech Scotch-Yoke system with its oblique grooves produces a torque curve with the highest torque at the start
opening operation in order to overcome the valve breakaway torque.
The maintenance should be done by Actuatech trained personnel only.
This instruction manual contains important information regarding the Actuatech Scotch-Yoke pneumatic actuator operation,
installation, maintenance and storage.
Please read carefully before installation and keep it in a safe place for further reference.
2) Working conditions
a) Construction.
Standard Actuatech actuators are suitable for indoor and outdoor installation. The laser marking on the actuator body gives
the actuator technical characteristics: type, size, operating maximum pressure, output torque, operating max temperature,
flange connection, serial manufacture number (see drawing pag.4).
b) Motive energy
The operating media should be dry and filtered compressed air not necessarily lubricated or inert gases compatible with
internal actuator parts and lubricants. The filtration must grant a maximum particle size not exceeded 30µm. The air lubricant
must be compatible with the internal parts. The operating media should have its dew point not less than –20°C ( -4°F) in
normal condition, or at least the dew point should be 10°C below the ambient temperature.
c) Supply operating media pressure.
The maximum supply pressure is 8,4 bar ( 120 psi)
Nominal supply pressure is 5,6 bar ( 80 psi), working pressure range from 2,5 bar ( 36 psi) up to 8,4 bar (120 psi).
d) Operating temperature.
Actuator standard working temperature range form –20°C ( -4°F) to 80°C ( 176°F)
For low and high temperature versions please contact Actuatech.
e) Operating drive rotation.
The part turn actuator rotation angle is nominally 90°. Actuatech actuator provides a stroke of 92° rotation, from –1° to 91° ,
with standard stroke adjustment of –10°.
f) Cycle time.
The cycle time is dependent on different operating and installation factors such as the supply pressure, the flow capacity, the
connection pipe size, the solenoid valve performance, the valve torque and characteristics, environmental temperature
condition.

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
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No guarantee for accuracy.
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Actuator opening , closing and open/close cycle times (sec.).
SIZE COD Open Close Cycle SIZE COD Open Close Cycle
GD15 0,04 0,04 0,08 GS15 0,11 0,13 0,24
GD30 0,06 0,07 0,13 GS30 0,23 0,27 0,50
GD60 0,10 0,11 0,21 GS53 0,41 0,48 0,89
GD106 0,20 0,21 0,41 GS90 0,60 0,70 1,30
GD180 0,32 0,31 0,63 GS120 0,79 0,92 1,71
GD240 0,41 0,40 0,81 GS180 1,29 1,41 2,7
GD360 0,60 0,58 1,18 GS240 1,8 1,9 3,7
GD480 0,78 0,76 1,54 GS480 1,5 1,6 3,1
GD960 1,50 1,60 3,10 GS960 2,9 3,4 6,3
GD1920 3,1 2,9 6,0
The above time table is referred to a standard actuator working cycle at the following tests conditions :
Ambient temperature: 18°C –25°C
Motive energy operating medium: compressed air at 5,6 bar
Nominal cycle: 90° in both directions
Load: free
GD actuators operate with solenoid valve 5/2 ISO 1-2.While the GS actuators with solenoid valve 3/2.
Time tested with Electronic Timer device.
NOTE: different working condition such as air pressure, piping connection, filters or solenoid valves, could change the timing
of the operations.
g) Lubrication.
The actuators are factory lubricated for the standard working condition life.
During maintenance and reassembling Actautech recommends to use KLUBER ISOFLEX TOPAS NB52, or equivalents.
h) Internal wear protection
The cylinder is lapped to obtain a surface with fine roughness and is protected with 20µn technical oxidation. The pistons
slide supports are in P.T.F.E. only, no rubber in contact. The use of steel bearings on the Scotch-Yoke system ensures no
play and low friction during operation
i) External protection
Actuatech standard actuators are suitable for indoor and outdoor installation. The aluminium body is external protected form
corrosion and wear with 20 µm technical oxidation. The cast aluminium end caps are polyester painted. Driving shaft and
caps screws are in stainless steel.
For aggressive atmosphere and severe environmental condition select the required protection from the external finishes
showed in our catalogue or contact directly our technical department.

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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l) Marking and classification
All Actuatech actuators bodies are laser-marked with the Manufacturer name and address, the actuator Type code including
the Series and Size, and its range of Pressure and Temperatures working conditions and limits .
1 2
3
4
UF
CAPTION
1 Logo and Address of the Manufacturer or Distributor according with the E.U.
2 Actuator Range Code including the Series “GD”the Torque Size “106”and Flange Size F05-F07
3 Product Classification and Zone Classification according with the ATEX Directive 94/9/EC
4 Production date code.

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
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2
4
3) Operation and rotation direction
Double Acting.
The pistons of standard GD actuators are mounted as shown below. This provides the highest torque at the valve start
opening for valve clockwise to close. The pistons are then in their outermost position and the end travel stops can be fine
adjusted.
2 4
The port 2 is in connection with the cylinder side chambers, supplying the pressurised air in port 2 the standard Double
Acting actuator drive shaft rotates counter clockwise to open , while the port 4 is in connection with the intermediate
chamber and when pressurised the drive shaft rotates clockwise to close.
Single Acting, Spring Return fail to Close.
The pistons of standard GS actuators are mounted as shown below. Although spring force is diminished, the geometry of the
mechanism provides a greater torque at the end of the spring stroke.When the actuator is in the valve open position, and
the springs are fully compressed, the end of travel stops can be fine adjusted.
Caution. In order to avoid suction of dust or dirt inside of the actuator chambers during the spring action, install a filter on
the port 2.
2 4
The port 4 is in connection with the intermediate chamber and when pressurised the drive shaft rotate counter clockwise to
open.

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Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
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Double Acting operation cycle ( GD Type ).
Simple Acting Spring Return fail to close operation cycle ( GS Type ).
Important.
Special Double Acting version for flow dosing and Spring Return fail to open actuators with different piston positions have
different rotation to close and to open: please follow their special instructions.

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Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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Actuator operation functionality remote control should be done by means of direct solenoid valve connection to the actuator
standard interface VDE/VDI 3845 NAMUR, or by means of pipes screwed on the ports marked with the numbers 2 and 4
and connected to a separate control cabinet.
Fig 3,1 –Typical air connection schema .
A) Rotation direction.
In accordance with the international standard ISO 5599-2 the actuator air ports connection position, location, orientation and
form shall be clearly identified and market with the numerate 2 and 4.
Standard Double Acting and Simple Acting Spring Return actuators shall be Clockwise ( CW) direction to valve Close, and
Counter Clockwise ( CCW) direction to valve Open.
4) Safety notice
- The actuator should be used within the pressure mentioned limits only, operating the actuator over the pressure limit will
damage the internal actuator parts.
- Operating the actuator over or under the temperature limits will damage the internal and external parts.
- Operating the actuator in corrosive environments without the required external protection will damage the actuator.
- Before installation, service or maintenance verify that the actuator is not pressurised, disconnect the air lines and make
sure that the air ports are vented
- Do not remove the end caps while the actuator is installed in the line, or while the actuator is under pressure.
- Do not disassemble the caps end spring cartridge, this operation should be done by Actuatech trained personnel only,
this operation could causes personal injury.
- Before mounting the actuator onto the valve make sure that the valve rotation is according with the actuator operating
rotation, and the upper shaft slot orientation is also correct.
- Before installing the actuated valve do cycling test for a wile to ensure the correct mechanical mounting and
actuator/valve operations.
- The actuator installation shall be done according to and in observance with the local and national laws regulation.
- Actuatech Srl can not be responsible for any damage to people, animals or things due to an improper use of
the product.

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
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No guarantee for accuracy.
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5) Installation instruction.
The principle of the actuator application is to open and close the connected part turn valve installed in a plant, without the
manual operation, by remote control by means of an electric-pneumatic connection.
The normal sizing of actuators require a 20%-30% safety margin over the valve breakaway torque to handle valves. Plant
design, chemical and physical flow characteristics and environmental condition could increase the safety factor to apply to
actuator sizing.
Before performing any installation operation, verify the actuator and valve conditions according to the safety notice above
described.
Moreover the utmost clearness is required during valve installation of the air supply connection to the actuator. All the
connection parts such as reductions, joints, plates, brackets and equipment must be clean and dirty free.
Before assembling the actuator onto the valve make sure that both items are correctly oriented, depending upon which
direction of rotation is required.
- Before starting the actuator installation, should be done a visual actuator control to verify its physical condition after
transportation and storage.
- Control trough the shaft slot or caps the actuator position
- Read carefully the Actuatech instruction sheet included in the cardboard box
- Read the actuator limits and performances marked on the actuator body to verify its suitability
- Remove the protection label stickers from the ports
Fig 5,1 - Actuator control.
Position
indicator
optional
VDI /VDE 3845
Accessories
attachment
2
4
NAMUR -VDI /VDE 3845
Pressure connection
ISO 5211/DIN 3337
Valve actuator
attachment

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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- Before fitting the actuator on the valve, clean the valve and the actuator from the dust and dirt.
- Verify the valve position, close or open, and the rotation direction.
- Verify the actuator position and rotation according with the valve requirement and operation, especially for Spring
Return installation Fail to Close or Fail to Open.
- Spring Return Fail to Close actuators are always supplied in the close position.
- While Spring Return Fail to Open are always supplied in the open position.
Fig 5,2 –Valve/Actuator assembly: (A) direct-mount (B) plate-mount (C) bracket-mount.

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
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No guarantee for accuracy.
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A B C

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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A) Direct mounting.
Valve actuator Direct mounting is the best solution to avoid plays between valve stem and actuator drive shaft. For a direct
mounting you should have the same standard flange connection on valve and actuator as well as the valve stem dimensions
that fit perfectly with the actuator drive. Before installation please verify that the actuator and valve flange ISO connections
are the same size; verify that the valve stem size and shape is suitable for direct mounting, if necessary use a drive
reduction.
Fit the valve stem into the actuator drive shaft connection, and bolt together the two ISO flanges.
B) Mounting plate connection.
In case direct mounting is not possible cause of little differences in actuator/valve flanges or drives sizes, mounting plates
adapters with suitable flanges dimensions allows an easy connection living a sufficient space for the valve/actuator drive
adapter.
C) Bracket & Joint connection.
Wherever for technical reason the plant installation requires a distance between actuator and valve, or the valve flange
and/or stem are not standard, and in any case, where the valve/actuator connection could not be possible, a bracket and
joint is the right answer. The Bracket is a steel bridge that allows to connect the valve with is own flange connection in one
side and with the suitable actuator connection onto the opposite side, living a space in between for a steel joint connection.
The joint allows a drive connection between the actuator and the valve stem indispensable in case of stem key drive and flat
head.
Chose the suitable flange bracket and the required joint connections to fix the actuator onto the valve very tight without any
plays.
Actuatech actuator with its draining channels system on the flange connection pattern is especially designed for
valve direct mounting. This system allows to drop away any possible flow coming from the valve stem that with
valve/actuator direct mounting could damage the actuator.
Screw torque wrench setting
SIZE TORQUE Nm
M5 5-6
M6 10-11
M8 20-23
M10 45-50
M12 80-85
M14 125-135
M16 190-200
M20 370-390
Fig 5,3 Actuator/Valve rotation control and mounting.
Type : GD (Valve closed)

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Type : GD (Valve open)
Type : GS (Valve closed)
Type : GS (Valve open)
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
Older data sheets are invalid

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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Stroke adjustment.
Both actuator versions, Double Acting and Spring Return, are provided as standard with 10° stroke adjustment.
a) GD Double Acting stroke adjustment instruction.
Close adjustment from 0° to +10°
The stroke adjustment on the actuator mounted on the valve should be done with the valve free of any flow pressure or
friction impediments, in addition the actuator shall be disconnected from the air supply and equipment.
This operation should be done with the valve/actuator held firmly in the pipe line or in a vice.
- supply the air pressure to port 2 to open the valve, and to position the actuator pistons inward.
- Remove the cap nuts ( part N° 18) and its O-ring ( part N° 24).
- Screw in clockwise direction the screw adjustment ( part N° 28) in one actuator side only.
- Supply the air pressure to port 4 to close the valve and to position the pistons outward and against the adjustment
screw, and check the valve close position.
- In case the valve position is not correct, repeat the operation from the beginning.
- In opposite situation, if, with the air supply in the port 4, the valve is not sufficiently closed, unscrew counter clockwise
the adjustment screw ( part N° 28) backward until the required position has been found.
- Obtained the correct valve position, and with the air pressure to the port 4, screw the other adjustment screw up to
piston pressing, in this way both adjustment screws are working to stop the pistons simultaneously.
- Tightly screw the cap nuts ( part N° 18) with its sealing O-ring ( part N° 24) on the end caps to hold the adjustment
screws in desired position.
- The actuator is now ready to operate correctly.
28
24
18
Port 4
Port 2
Valve

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Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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Actuatech standard stroke adjustment is max 10° , special longer screws are available on request.

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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b) GS Single Acting Spring return Fail to Close stroke adjustment instruction.
Open adjustment from 80° to 90°
The stroke adjustment on the actuator mounted on the valve should be done with the valve free of any flow pressure or
friction impediments, the actuator shall be disconnected from air supply and equipment.
This operation should be done with the valve/actuator held firmly in the pipe line or in a vice.
- Remove the cap nuts ( part N° 18) and its O-ring ( part N° 24).
- Screw, clockwise direction, the screw adjustment ( part N° 21) in one actuator side only.
- Supply air pressure to port 4, and due to the air pressure action the pistons moves to the outward position up to the
limits determined by the adjustment screw on the piston head,
- check the valve open position, if is not enough repeat the operation from the beginning.
- In opposite case, valve to much open, with the air supply to the port 4, move the adjustment screw inward, clockwise.
- Without pressurised air supply, tighten the cap nuts ( part N° 18) with its sealing O-ring ( part N° 24) on the end caps to
hold the adjustment screws in desired position.
- In this condition the actuator is ready to work correctly.
21
24
22 18
Port 2
Port 4
Valve
Actuatech standard stroke adjustment is max 10° , special longer screws are available on request.

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Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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Close adjustment from 0° to +10°
The stroke adjustment on the actuator mounted on the valve should be done with the valve free of any flow pressure or
friction impediments, the actuator must be disconnected from air supply and equipment.
This operation should be done with the valve/actuator well held in the pipe line or in a vice.
- Remove the cap nuts ( part N° 18) and its O-ring ( part N° 24).
- Supply the air pressure to port 4 to open the valve, and position the actuator pistons outward.
- Unscrew, counter clockwise direction, both screws ( part N° 21) .
- Stop to supply air pressure to port 4, and due to the spring action the pistons moves to the inward position up to the
limits determinate to the adjustment screws on the spring caps ( part N° 22), ***Attention
- Check the valve close position, if is over closed repeat the operation from the beginning until the desired valve closure
position is achieved.
- In opposite case, with the valve to much open, with the air supply to the port 4, move both adjustment screws inward,
clockwise.
- Without pressurised air supply, tighten the cap nuts ( part N° 18) with its sealing O-ring ( part N° 24) on the end caps to
hold the adjustment screws in desired position.
- In this condition the actuator is ready to work correctly.
21
24
22
Port 2
18
Port 4
Valve
***Attention. The Spring Return close adjustment is not a mechanical stop that act against the pistons travel or the shaft
rotation, but the screws limits the spring travel and the pistons without any force standstills. In this condition the shaft is not
stopped and theoretically could be moved to the total closing position.
Actuatech standard stroke adjustment is max 10° , special longer screws are available on request.

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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This adjustment table represent the average drive variation angle
α for each full turn of the adjustment screw β .
For each 1° of drive variation α 1 the adjustment screw is to be rotate as β 1.
*The below table data is referred to the standard stroke adjustment only (10°) .
For longer screw adjustment please contact technical commercial department.
ACTUATOR SIZE
ADJUSTMENT SCREW
ROTATION ANGLE
SHAFT VARIATION
ANGLE AFTER
ADJUSTMENT
ADJUSTMENT SCREW
ROTATION ANGLE
SHAFT VARIATION
ANGLE AFTER
ADJUSTMENT
βαβ
1 α 1
GD15 360° 3°34' 120° 1°
GD30 360° 2°54' 120° 1°
GS15 360° 3°7' 120° 1°
GD60 360° 2°18' 144° 1°
GS30 360° 2°26' 144° 1°
GD106 360° 1°55' 180° 1°
GS53 360° 2° 180° 1°
GD180 360° 2°14' 144° 1°
GS90 360° 2°14' 144° 1°
GD240 360° 2° 180° 1°
GS120 360° 1°54' 180° 1°
GD360 360° 1°45' 216° 1°
GS180 360° 1°40' 216° 1°
GD480 360° 1°49' 180° 1°
GS240 360° 1°54' 180° 1°
GD960 360° 1°28' 270° 1°
GS480 360° 1°57' 180° 1°
GD1920 360° 1°28' 270° 1°
GS960 360° 1°33' 216° 1°

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Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
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6) Maintenance
Actuatech actuators are designed, manufactured and pre-lubricated for long working life without maintenance. Its
construction and materials allows to maintain the actuator performance more over 500.000 cycles, depending on the
operationally and environmental condition.
Under normal operating condition the actuator will require periodic observation to ensure proper adjustment only.
Actuator Endurancetests done in our factory, under standard working condition, shows that the expectation of medium size
actuators life is over 1.000.000 cycles.
Should it be necessary to replace its pistons sealing, this operations must be done by Actuatech trained people with proper
tools, we recommend to return the actuator to Actuatech where the actuator will be overhauled and than tested for a correct
replacement.
On request Actuatech will be willing to provide its sealing Kits.
!!! Actuatech declines any responsibility for the products repaired by third parties
Fig 6,1 Actuator components and material list.

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POS. DENOMINATION Q. MATERIALS STANDARDS
1Cylinder 1Aluminium alloy EN AW 6063 Anodized
2Piston 2Aluminium alloy EN AB 46100
3Cap 2Aluminium alloy EN AB46100 Painted
4Shaft 1Stainless steel AISI 303 - DIN 1.4305
5Scotch yoke 1Steel alloy UNI 90MnVCr8Ku - DIN 1.2842 Ardenered
6Support bush 1Acetalitic resin
7Shaft support 1Acetalitic resin
8Bush 2Steel alloy UNI 110w4Ku - DIN 1.2516
9Rotative sleeve 2Steel alloy UNI 6364A - DIN 6325
10* Dynamic seal (piston) 2P.T.F.E. Carbo-Graphite filled
11* Piston’s support 4P.T.F.E. Carbo-Graphite filled
12* Piston o-ring 2Nitrilic rubber
13* O-ring (upper sealing shaft ) 1Viton
14 External support ring 1Aluminium alloy
15 Washer 1Stainless steel UNI 3653 - DIN 471
16 Seeger 1Stainless steel UNI 3653 - DIN 471
17* O-ring (low sealing shaft ) 1Viton
18 Nut 1Aluminium alloy EN AB46100 Painted
19* Cap o-ring 2Nitrilic rubber
20 Screw 8Stainless steel AISI 304 - DIN 1.4301
21 Spring loading screw 2Steel UNI 3740/65 8G Galvanized
22 Spring cap 2Steel DIN 1.0315 Galvanized
23 Spring 2Steel DIN 1.7102
24* O-ring 2Nitrilic rubber
25 External elastic pin of the yoke 1Steel DIN 1481
26 Internal elastic pin of the yoke 1Steel DIN 1481
27 Centering ring 1Aluminium alloy D
I N A I MgSiPb Anodized
28 Stroke adjustment screw 2Stainless steel AISI 304 - DIN 1.4301
* Parts included in the spare parts kit.
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Scotch-Yoke part turn pneumatic actuator
Modification reserved. Rev.date 12.2003.
No guarantee for accuracy.
Older data sheets are invalid
Fig 6,2 Spare parts kit code identification for actuator size.
TYPE KIT CODE
GD15
KGGI0012
GD30
GS15
KGGI0014
GD60
GS30
KGGI0016
GD106
GS53
KGGI0060
GD180
GS90
KGGI0019
GD240
GS120
KGGI0020
GD360
GS180
KGGI0021
GD480
GS240
KGGI0022
GD960
GS480
KGGI0024
GD1920
GS960
KGGI0026

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Disassembly.
Actuator disassembly operation must done with the actuator free from any pneumatic and electric connection and
dismounted from the valve.
Verify that the actuator is air bag free, and the spring return actuator is completely in its springs rest position.
Check that the air port 2 and 4 are absolutely vented.
Use proper tools only.
A) Loosen the end cap screws ( part N° 20 ) in cross sequence to remove the end caps ( part n° 3 ), in case of force on the
screws that means that the actuator is still under air or spring action and the operation should be discontinued until the
action is removed. The end caps contain a sealing O-ring ( part N° 19 ) on its seat that should be checked before
replacement.
3
GD GS
3
19
19
20
20
Caution. The Spring Return end caps cartridges (Parts N° 3 + 18+24+19+23+22+21) are a safety device, where the
preloaded spring is set to avoid the dangerous spring jumping. Do not release the screw ( part N° 21 ) to remove the spring
from its seat, this operation must be done by Actuatech technician only.
B) Hold the actuator in the vice and rotate the drive shaft until the pistons ( part N°2 ) are released form the scotch-
yoke groves ( part N° 5 ), then slip off the pistons from the cylinder ( part N° 1 ). Do not use compressed air to
remove the pistons from the body, this operation could cause personal injuries.
GD GS
5 5
1 1
2 2