Agilent Technologies OmniBER OTN J7232A Instruction Manual

Agilent Technologies
OmniBER OTN
Communications
Performance Analyzers
J7232A & J7230B
Technical Data Sheet
Powerful SONET/SDH testers, ideal for
testing next generation SONET/ SDH
devices and modules.

2
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Key Features
• ITU-T G.7041 GFP (Generic Framing
Procedure) compliance testing (GFP-T
and GFP-F)
• ITU-T X.86 LAPS (Link Access
Procedure for SDH) compliance testing
• ITU-T G.707 Virtual Concatenation with
256ms delay generation and
measurement
• High order (STS-3c, STS-1, VC-4, VC-3)
and low order (TU, VT) virtual
concatenation
• Ethernet Payload Structures
• Full range of standard, concatenated
and mixed mappings
• Unframed/framed testing at all rates
• Powerful overhead testing
• Alarm stress test
• Sequence generation and capture
• SONET/SDH entire overhead capture
• Transmit and receive output triggers
for error and alarm events
• All standard error and alarm
measurements, plus:
- optical power, frequency
- service disruption time, pointer
movements
• Simultaneous all-channel testing
• GPIB, LAN and RS-232 remote control
• Universal Instrument Drivers
• Broad range of graphical results tools
• Comprehensive on-line help
• 2 year calibration cycle
Product Overview
Introduction
Agilent Technologies' new OmniBER OTN
J7232A and J7230B are not only powerful
SONET/SDH testers, they are ideal for
testing next generation SONET/ SDH
devices and modules. The OmniBER OTN
J7232A supports all line rates from 1.5
Mb/s to 2.488 Gb/s whereas the
OmniBER OTN J7230B supports all line
rates from 1.5 Mb/s to 10 Gb/s plus the
OTU-2 line rate of 10.7 Gb/s. Each product
provides a rich feature set tailored for
design and verification of Next Generation
SONET/SDH test applications helping you
get your new products to market fast.
OmniBER OTN's extensive capabilities
help you to ensure that your new products
meet the stringent requirements set out in
the latest standards. With its ability to
verify Ethernet encapsulation into
SONET/SDH via Generic Framing
Procedure (GFP), Link Access Procedure
for SDH (LAPS) and Virtual Concatenation
to ITU-T G.7041, X.86 and G.707
respectively, you can be confident that
your designs comply and will interoperate
in a multi-vendor environment.
What's more, Agilent's all-channel
monitoring technology lets you
simultaneously monitor all STS/AU
channels (up to 192 with the J7230B) in a
received SONET or SDH line signal,
continuously, for fast problem resolution
and efficient verification of next
generation transmission systems.
A comprehensive on-line help system is
accessible at the touch of a button, while
context sensitive help is provided
automatically as you navigate through the
user interface. You can also extend the
help available by adding your own
documentation.

3
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Contents
SmartTest 4
Signal Wizard 4
GFP Testing (ITU-T G.7041) 4
LAPS Testing (ITU-T X.86)5 4
Ethernet MAC Testing 4
SONET/SDH Virtual Concatenation 5
SONET/SDH testing 5
Contiguous Concatenations enhancement 5
Mixed mappings 5
DSn/PDH testing 5
Additional measurements 5
Instrument Tour 6
Technical Specifications 8
Test interfaces (rates, wavelengths, connectors, line codes) 8
Optical transmitters 8
Optical receivers 8
SONET/SDH Electrical interfaces (supplied with options 104,
105 and 106)
9
DSn/PDH Electrical interfaces (requires option 012) 9
Clock synchronization (inputs, outputs, line frequency offset) 9
Signal Structures, Mappings and Payloads 10
OTN mappings 10
SONET mappings 10
SDH mappings 11
Mixed mappings generation (requires option 325) 12
DSn/PDH frame formats and channel structures 13
Test patterns 13
Measurements 13
Error measurements 13
Alarm detection and measurement 14
Additional measurements 14
Signal Wizard (all-channel testing) 15
Error and alarm generation 16
Error generation 16
Alarm generation 16
Overhead testing 17
OTN overhead testing 17
SONET/SDH overhead testing 17
GFP overhead testing 18
LAPS overhead testing 18
Ethernet overhead testing 18
SONET/ SDH pointer adjustment control 18
Virtual Concatenation Delay Generation 19
Event triggers outputs - OTN/SONET/SDH 19
Trigger output port for OTN/SONET/SDH 19
GCC/DCC drop/insert 20
Payload drop/insert capabilities 20
Thru-mode testing 20
DSn/PDH testing 21
DS1 loopcodes and DS3 FEAC messages 21
PDH spare-bits testing 21
Signaling-bits testing 21
Additional features 21
General specifications 22
Regulatory standards 22

4
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
SmartTest
The front panel Smart Test key provides
fast access to the test set's extensive
measurement capability. With only a few
key presses you can quickly access:
• SignalWizard
• Virtual concatenation measurement
overview
• Optical Power measurement
• Frequency measurement
• Trouble scan
•Overheadmonitor
• Pointer graph
Signal Wizard
Signal Wizard is a unique test tool that
has been specifically designed to meet
the challenges associated with testing
the new generation of SONET/SDH
transmission systems - systems that
combine grooming, switching and
multiplexing in a single unit. With one key
press, Signal Wizard automatically:
•Simultaneouslymonitors the line
signal and all STS/AU channels (up to
192) for errors, alarms and pointer
activity.
• Shows which channels are
unequipped and the type of service
being carried by equipped channels.
• Provides Path Trace message listing
and search tools (including sub-string
searches) to assist in identifying path
routing errors within the network
GFP Testing (ITU-T G.7041)
The OmniBER OTN allows structured test
signals to be generated in order to fully test
Ethernet over SONET/SDH encapsulation
to ITU-T G.7041. This verifies that designs
are compliant to standards and ensures
multi-vendor interoperability.
• Generate and receive Framed (GFP-F)
and Transparent (GFP-T) payloads
• Generate and detect correctable and
uncorrectable Header Error Control
(HEC) errors
• Generate and detect Loss of Client
Signal (LOCS) and Loss of Client
Character Synchronization (LOCCS)
• Access to GFP overhead including
extended header for linear (CID) and
null topologies
• Ethernet MAC Payload mapping with
adjustable data rate from 1Mb/s to
1Gb/s (GbE)
• User specified number of superblocks
for GFP-T
LAPS Testing (ITU-T X.86)
Prove standards compliance and ensure
interoperability with OmniBER OTN's
ability to generate and analyze Ethernet
mapped into SONET/SDH via LAPS
encapsulation as defined in ITU-T X.86.
• Generate and receive LAPS
encapsulated Ethernet
• Error generation includes the ability to
inject undersized frames and invalid
control sequence errors
• Ability to inject and detect erroneous
frame alarms and link loss
• User programmable header fields
allows other HDLC-based
encapsulations such as Cisco HDLC to
be generated and received
• Configurable Ethernet MAC payload
up to 1GbE
Ethernet MAC Testing
OmniBER OTN provides the capability to
test Ethernet MAC payloads, which have
been encapsulated using GFP or LAPS.
• User definable Ethernet overhead
• Adjustable data rate from 1Mb/s to
1Gb/s
• Ethernet MAC Error generation and
detection
• PRBS generation within Ethernet
MAC payload
Figure 1.
Error and alarm status clearly presented for each detected
STS/AU channel, and for all VT/TU channels in a selected
STS/AU.
Figure 2.
Clear tabular display of J1 or J2 path trace messages, or those
identified based on a sub-string search.

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OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
• Service disruption test
• Setup and monitoring for linear and
ring APS/MSP messages
• Active APS test
• Setup and monitoring for J0, J1 and J2
trace messages
• Tandem connection monitoring testing
to the SDH standards (both N1 and N2)
• Burst and periodic sequence pointer
adjustment control
• Drop-Insert of DCC channels
• External drop-Insert of asynchronous
mapped payloads
• Performance analysis G.826, G.828,
G.821, M.2101, M.2101.1, M.2110,
M.2120
Contiguous Concatenations
enhancement
Enhancement of contiguous
concatenations allows you to test the
breadth of GR-253/ G.707.
• STS-3c, 6c, 9c, 12c, 24c and 48c
• AU-3, AU-4, AU-4-2c, AU-4-3c,
AU-4-4c, AU-4-8c, AU-4-16c
• PRBS within the concatenated
payloads
• Support of GFP/LAPS as the
concatenated payloads
Mixed mappings
Support for mixed mappings now allows
convenient setup of complex structures
resulting in reduced test times
• Two convenient configuration modes
- Preset (simple background selection)
- Mixed mappings (mixed background
selection)
• Configure any combination of valid
positions
• Any channel can be set as Foreground
• Foreground channel can be virtually
concatenated
• Background channels can be either
- Equipped
- Unequipped
- AIS
DSn/PDH testing
The DSn/PDH test capability allows
comprehensive testing of DSn/PDH
signals and networks with the following
interfaces: DS1 (1.5 Mb/s), DS3 (45
Mb/s), 2 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s and 140
Mb/s. Supported functionality includes:
• Unframed, framed, and structured
(mux/demux) testing
• Error and alarm generation and
detection
• 56 kb/s, n x 56 kb/s, 64 kb/s and n x
64 kb/s testing
• Drop-Insert DSn/PDH to/from
SONET/SDH
• Drop-Insert DS1/2Mb/s to/from
DSn/PDH
• DS1 loop codes and DS3 FEAC
messages
• PDH spare-bits control and monitoring
• Performance analysis G.826, G.828,
G.821, M.2101, M.2101.1, M.2110,
M.2120
Additional measurements
• Optical power
• Line frequency
• Pointer measurements
•Servicedisruption
• Virtual concatenation differential delay
measurement
SONET/SDH Virtual
Concatenation
Verify virtual concatenation of high and
low order payloads with delay generation
across the full ITU-T G.707 256ms range.
Realistic traffic with full Ethernet payload
mapped via GFP or LAPS.
• High order concatenation of
STS-3c/STS-1/AU-4/AU-3
• Low order concatenation of
VT2/VT1.5/ TU-3/TU-12/TU-11
• Flexibility to specify which members
form the group and add delay to each
member
• Group overview simultaneously
monitors all group members
• Discovery function automatically
detects virtual concatenation
members
• Fine delay adjustment to see exactly
when input buffers fail
• Coarse delay adjustment allows
performance under transients to be
verified.
• Full alarm and error generation and
detection
SONET/SDH testing
SONET/SDH capability allows
comprehensive testing of synchronous
networks with the following interface
rates: 2.5 G/s, 622 Mb/s, 155 Mb/s and 52
Mb/s. Supported functionality includes:
• Framed/unframed testing at all rates
• SONET/SDH error and alarm
generation and detection
• Setup and monitor all overhead bytes
• Alarm stress testing with 'p', 'n', and
'm' sequences
• Overhead sequence generation and
capture
• Entire overhead capture (no payload
capture)
• Transmit and receive error and alarm
event trigger outputs
• Through mode test capability
- Transparent through mode
- Overhead overwrite - add
errors/alarms

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OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Instrument Tour
large active-matrix
(TFT) color display
bright bi-color LEDs
show test status at a
glance
SmartTest - the
gateway to powerful
test tools
help system at the
touch of a button
simple operation via
menu and arrow
navigation
keypad for text and
numeric data entry
single key access to
test status
Fi
gure
3
.
GPIB Interface
Figure 4.
auto-ranging power supply
covering all standard
ranges of input voltage

7
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Instrument Tour (continued)
DCC/GCC drop/insert
plus output triggers
STS-1/3 and STM-0/1e
Tx and Rx
DS1 balanced
Tx & Rx
10 Gb/s optical Tx
DS3 and 2/8/34/140 Mb/s unbalanced Tx & Rx
eye clock for 52-2488
Mb/s optical Tx
2 MHz unbalanced clock output
BITS (DS1) balanced clock output
2.5 Gb/s optical Rx
(broadband)
LAN port 10/100 – remote control
RS-232 (remote control)
VGA output
keyboard port
mouse port
USB (printing)
2 Mb/s and 2 MHz balanced clock in
10 MHz, 2 Mb/s and 2 MHz unbalanced clock in
floppy disk drive
BITS (DS1) balanced clock in
carrying handle
52/155/622/2488 Mb/s
optical TX (1310nm)
52/155/622/2488 Mb/s
optical TX (1550nm)
Tx Eye clock 52-2488Mb/s
Tx Data
RX data
10 Gb/s optical Rx
Tx Eye clock 10/10.71 Gb/s
Figure 5.

8
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Technical specifications
OmniBER OTN J7232A & J7230B
The following specification provides details on the OmniBER OTN
transmission test set, including all standard options. Where required,
contact your Agilent sales representative for information regarding
availability of these enhanced testing products.
Test interfaces (rates, wavelengths, connectors, line
codes)
Optical Line Rates
Framed:
OTU2
OC-1/3/12/48/192
STM-0/1/4/16/64
Unframed:
10.71/9.95/2.48 Gb/s
622/155/52 Mb/s
Wavelength (≤2.5 Gb/s)
Option 104 - 1310 nm
Option 105 - 1550 nm
Option 106 - 1310/1550 nm
(Option 108 and 112
only available on
J7230B)
Wavelength (10 Gb/s)
Option 108 - 1550 nm
Wavelength (10/10.71 Gb/s)
Option 112 - 1550 nm
Connectors
Option 609 - FC/ PC
Option 610 - SC
Option 611 - ST
SONET/SDH
Electrical
Line Rates
STS-1/3 (STM-0/1e)
Connectors
STS-1/3 (STM-0/1e) - BNC (75 Ω,
unbalanced)
Line Code
STS-3/STM-1e - CMI
STS-1/STM-0e - B3ZS
PDH/DSn Electrical Line Rates
DS1, DS3; 2/8/34/140 Mb/s
Connectors
DS1- Bantam (100 Ω, balanced)
DS3 - BNC (75 Ω, unbalanced)
2 Mb/s - BNC (75 Ω, unbalanced);
3-pin Siemens (120 Ω, balanced)
8/34/140 Mb/s - BNC (75 Ω, unbalanced)
Line Code
DS1 - B8ZS, AMI
DS3 - B3ZS
2/8/34 Mb/s - HDB3
140 Mb/s - CMI
Optical transmitters
52Mb/s - 2.5Gb/s 10Gb/s & 10.71Gb/s
Line Code NRZ NRZ
Wavelength
1310nm
1550nm
1280-1335nm
1500-1580nm
-
1530-1565nm
Output Power
1310nm
1550nm
-2.5 to +2.0dBm
-2.5 to +2.0dBm
-
-1.0 to +2.0dBm
Spectral Width
(-20dB)
<1.0nm <1.0nm
Extinction Ratio >8.2dB >8.2dB
Pulse Mask Meets ITU-T G.957 (6/1999) and Telcordia
GR-253-CORE issue 3 (9/2000)
Fiber Type Single mode Single mode
Laser Safety See "Regulatory Standards" section for details
Optical receivers
52Mb/s - 2.5Gb/s 10Gb/s & 10.71Gb/s
Line Code NRZ NRZ
Wavelength (2) 1310/ 1550nm 1310/ 1550nm
Fiber Type Single mode Single mode
Damage Input
Power
>0dBm >+2dBm
Operating Range (3) -28dBm to -9dBm -16dBm to -8dBm
Notes:
1. 52-2488 Mb/s: For BER = 1 x 10 -10 (input signal extinction ratio >=
8.2 dB).
10.71 Gb/s: For BER = 1 x 10 -12 (input signal extinction ratio >= 8.2 dB).
2. Specification nominal however the receiver is a broadband device and
operates over the 1290 - 1565nm range.
3. Typical specification.

9
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
SONET/SDH Electrical interfaces (supplied with options
104, 105 and 106)
STS-1/3 andSTM-0/1e
Transmitter Meets Telcordia GR-253-CORE Issue 3 and
ITU-T G.703 for level and pulse shape.
Level:
STS-1: STS-1 (HI), STSX-1 (450 ft), STS-1 (900
ft). STM-0e: ± 1.1 Vpk, ± 10%.STS-3/STM-1e:
± 0.5 Vpk, ± 10%.
Receiver Input mode: terminated or monitor.
Monitor gain: 20 dB or 26 dB.
Equalization: STS-1/STM-0e: Selectable
off/on. When enabled, automatic equalization
provided for 450 to 900 ft of cable loss.
STS-3/STM-1e: Automatic for cable loss to 12
dB at half the bit rate.
Jitter tolerance: Meets Telcordia
GR-253-CORE Issue 3 and ITU-T G.825.
DSn/PDH Electrical interfaces (requires option 012)
DS1/3
Transmitter Meets ANSI T1.102-1993.
Level:
DS1: DSX-1, DS1-LO.
DS3: DS3-HI, DSX-3, DS3-900'.
Receiver Meets ANSI T1.102-1993.
Input mode: terminated or monitor.
Monitor gain:
DS1: 20 dB, 26 dB, 30 dB.
DS3: 20 dB, 26 dB.
Equalization:
DS1: Automatic equalizes for DS1-HI, DSX-1,
and DS1-LO levels in both terminated and
monitor modes.
DS3: Selectable off/on. When enabled,
automatically equalizes for DS3-HI, DSX-3, and
DS3-900' levels in both terminated and
monitor modes.
Jitter tolerance: Meets Telcordia GR-499
Category II and ITU-T G.824.
2/8/34/140 Mb/s
Transmitter Meets ITU-T G.703.
Level:
Meets ITU-T G.703 for all rates.
Receiver Meets ITU-T G.703 and G.772.
Input mode: terminated or monitor.
Monitor gain:
2/8 Mb/s: 20 dB, 26 dB, 30 dB.
34/140 Mb/s: 20 dB, 26 dB.
Equalization: Meets ITU-T G.703.
Jitter tolerance: Meets ITU-T G.823.
Clock synchronization (inputs, outputs, line frequency
offset)
Clock references Internal: ± 4.5 ppm Includes setting accuracy,
stability over temperature and aging.
External Clock Inputs:
BITS (1.5 Mb/s): Bantam (100Ω balanced).
MTS (2 MHz and 2 Mb/s): BNC (75Ω
unbalanced) and Bantam (120Ω balanced)
Loop-timed: Transmitter timed by a clock
recovered from the receiver.
Frequency offset Offsets the transmitted line signal relative to
the selected clock reference.
Offset: ± 100 ppm in 0.1 ppm step.
Offset accuracy: 0.02 ppm
Note: For 10Gb/s and 10.71Gb/s operation the
total of external clock reference offset and
transmitter line rate offset must not exceed ±
90 ppm. For all other rates the combined
offsets must not exceed ±120 ppm.
Clock outputs Output clocks generated relative to the
selected transmit reference clock.
BITS (1.5Mb/s): Bantam (100Ωbalanced).
MTS (2 MHz): BNC (75Ωunbalanced).
Eye clock outputs Clock outputs that are frequency locked to the
transmitted optical line signal.
Rate:
52/155/622 Mb/s and 2.5 Gb/s: Output line
rate divided by four.
10 Gb/s: Output line rate divided by sixteen
(622 MHz nominal).
10.71 Gb/s: Output line rate divided by sixteen
(669 MHz nominal)
Level: Nominal ECL, ac coupled.
Impedance: Drives nominal 50Ωinputs.
Connector: SMA.

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OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
OTN mappings
Synchronous and asynchronous mapping of 10 Gb/s SONET/SDH structured payloads is supported plus test signal and null
client mappings as per ITU-T G.709. For SONET/SDH payloads, both synchronous and asynchronous mappings are supported. In
asynchronous mode, the payload offset and line rate offset can be applied to the transmitted signal and measured by the
instrument receiver.
SONET mappings
Bulk STS-1, STS-Nc, VT mappings and DSn/En service payload testing supplied as standard with the product. Ethernet mappings
support GFP (Framed and transparent) and LAPS within virtually concatenated STS-3c-xv, STS-1-xv, VT2-xv, VT1.5-xv or STS-1,
3c, 6c, 9c, 12c, 24c, and 48c.
Signal Structures, Mappings and Payloads
Virtual Concatenation mappings
Mapping No. of Members Payloads
STS-3c-Xv X=1 to 16 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
STS-1-Xv X=1 to 48 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
VT2-Xv into single STS-1 X=1 to 21 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
VT1.5-Xv into single STS-1 X=1 to 28 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
OC-n/STS-n
STS-48c
SPE
STS-24c
SPE
STS-12c
SPE
STS-9c
SPE
STS-6c
SPE
STS-3c
SPE
STS-1
SPE
VT group VT 2
SPE
VT 1.5
SPE
VT 2
VT 1.5
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
E4 Async
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
E3 Async, DS3 Async
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
E1 Async, E1 Float
Bulk filled
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
DS1 Async, DS1 Float
STS-48c
STS-24c
STS-12c
STS-9c
STS-6c
STS-3c
STS-1
STS-192c
SPE
Bulk filled
STS-192c
OC-n/STS-nOC-n/STS-n
STS-48c
SPE
STS-24c
SPE
STS-12c
SPE
STS-9c
SPE
STS-6c
SPE
STS-3c
SPE
STS-1
SPE
VT group VT 2
SPE
VT 1.5
SPE
VT 2
VT 1.5
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
E4 Async
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
E3 Async, DS3 Async
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
E1 Async, E1 Float
Bulk filled
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
DS1 Async, DS1 Float
STS-48c
STS-24c
STS-12c
STS-9c
STS-6c
STS-3c
STS-1
STS-192c
SPE
Bulk filled
STS-192c
Figure 6.
SONET Mappings Supported

11
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
SDH mappings
Bulk AU-3, AU-4, AU-4-Nc, TU mappings and DSn/En service mappings supplied as standard with the product. Ethernet
mappings support GFP (Framed and transparent) and LAP-S within virtually concatenated AU-4-xv, AU-3-xv, TU-3-xv, TU-12-xv,
TU-11-xv or AU-3, AU-4, AU-4-2c, AU-4-3c, AU-4-8c.
Virtual Concatenation mappings
Mapping No. of Members Payloads
AU-4-Xv X=1 to 16 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
AU-3-Xv X=1 to 48 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
TU-3-Xv via TUG-3 X=1 to 48 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
VC-12-Xv into single VC-4 X=1 to 63 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
VC-12-Xv into single VC-3 X=1 to 21 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
VC-11-Xv into single VC-4 X=1 to 64 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
VC-11-Xv into single VC-3 X=1 to 28 Bulk Filled or GFP/LAPS with Ethernet frame
STM-n
AU-4-16c
TUG 2 VC-12
VC-11
TU-12
TU-11
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
140 Mb/s
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
34 Mb/s, DS3
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
2 Mb/s Async,
2 Mb/s Float
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
DS1 Async,
DS1 Float
AU-4-8c
AU-4-4c
AU-4-3c
AU-4-2c
AU-4
AU-3
AUG
VC-4-16c
VC-4-8c
VC-4-4c
VC-4-3c
VC-4-2c
VC-4
VC-3
STM-0
TUG 3 VC-3
TU-3
AU-4-192c Bulk filled
VC-4-192c
STM-n
AU-4-16c
TUG 2 VC-12
VC-11
TU-12
TU-11
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
140 Mb/s
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
34 Mb/s, DS3
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
2 Mb/s Async,
2 Mb/s Float
Bulk filled,
Ethernet via GFP/LAPS,
DS1 Async,
DS1 Float
AU-4-8c
AU-4-4c
AU-4-3c
AU-4-2c
AU-4
AU-3
AUG
VC-4-16c
VC-4-8c
VC-4-4c
VC-4-3c
VC-4-2c
VC-4
VC-3
STM-0
TUG 3 VC-3
TU-3
AU-4-192c Bulk filled
VC-4-192c
Figure 7.
SDH Mappings Supported

12
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Mixed mappings generation (requires option 325)
The OmniBER OTN can easily generate a SONET/SDH test signal containing any valid combination of supported STS/AU
containers. An example is shown in Figure 8 below:
With a mixed mapping configuration, one channel is selected as the foreground/test channel on the instrument transmitter. This
test channel can be a virtually concatenated signal. The background channels can be defined as equipped, unequipped or
AIS-P/AU-AIS.
Figure 8.
Example Setup of SONET Mixed Mapping

13
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
DSn/PDH frame formats and channel structures
Supports generation and analysis of framed, channel structured
(mux/demux) and unframed test signals.
Signal Framing Channel structures
DS1 SF (D4), ESF, SLC-96,
no frame, bit 56 kb/s, 64 kb/s, n x
56 kb/s,n x 64 kb/s
DS3 M13, C-bit DS1, 2 Mb/s, 56 kb/s,
64 kb/s, n x 56 kb/s, n
x 64 kb/s
2 Mb/s PCM30, PCM30CRC,
PCM31, PCM31CRC 64 kb/s, n x 64 kb/s
8 Mb/s ITU-T G.742 2 Mb/s, 64 kb/s, n x
64 kb/s
34 Mb/s ITU-T G.751 8 Mb/s, 2 Mb/s, 64
kb/s, n x 64 kb/s
140 Mb/s ITU-T G.751 34 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s, 2
Mb/s, 64 kb/s, n x 64
kb/s
Test patterns
PRBS 29-1, 211-1(1), 215-1, 220-1(1), QRSS (2), 223-1.
Polarity control: Inverted, non-inverted.
Word All 1s, All 0s, 1010, 1000, 16-bit word, Incremental
Byte(3).
Note: Word not available in unframed mode
Agilent Test
Set Frame(3)
Test frame transmitted within Ethernet frame
providing CRC and sequence error measurements
when used in conjunction with J2127A fitted with
Ethernet test interface option.
Additional DS1
patterns
3-in-24, 1-in-8, 2-in-8, 55-octet (Daly).
Notes:
1. Not provided for GFP payloads.
2. Non-inverted only. Provided for DSn signals (including 56/64 kb/s
channel testing) and VT1.5 bulk payloads.
3. Provided for GFP payloads only
Measurements
Error measurements
Measurement
control
Manual, single, timed start.
Basic results Error count, error ratio.
Provided for the total measurement period and the
most recent (last) measurement second.
GFP - Framed Correctable core HEC, uncorrectable core HEC,
correctable type HEC, uncorrectable type HEC,
correctable extension HEC, uncorrectable extension
HEC, payload FCS, header mismatch.
GFP -
Transparent
Correctable core HEC, uncorrectable core HEC,
correctable type HEC, uncorrectable type HEC,
correctable extension HEC, uncorrectable extension
HEC, uncorrectable superblock errors, correctable
superblock errors, 10B_ERR errors, payload FCS,
header mismatch.
LAPS Invalid control sequence, undersize frames, FCS,
header mismatch.
Ethernet MAC FCS, length/type mismatch, runt frames, jumbo
frames, header mismatch.
SONET Transport O/H: Frame (A1,A2), CV-S (B1), CV-L (B2),
REI-L (CV-LFE)
Path O/H: CV-P (B3), REI-P (CV-PFE)
VT: CV-V(V5), CV-VFE(REI-V).
Bulk payload: Bit.
Virtual Concatenation: All errors and alarms can be
applied to selected member of virtually concatenated
group.
Signal: BPV (STS-1 and STS-3 interfaces).
SDH Section O/H: Frame (A1A2), B1 BIP, B2 BIP, MS-REI
Path O/H: B3 BIP, HP-REI
LO-path: B3 (VC-3), BIP-2; LP-REI
Tandem path:
(VC-3/4 and VC-4-Nc): IEC, TC-REI, OEI, TC-ERR
(VC-11/12): TC-REI,OEI,N2-BIP, TC-ERR
Bulk payload: Bit.
Virtual Concatenation: All errors and alarms can be
applied to selected member of virtually concatenated
group.
Signal: Code (STM-0e and STM-1e interfaces).
DSn DS1: BPV, frame, CRC6, bit.
DS3: BPV, frame, P-bit, CP-bit, FEBE, bit.
PDH (En) 2 Mb/s: Code, frame, CRC4, E-bit, bit.
8Mb/s and 34 Mb/s: Code, frame, bit.
140 Mb/s: Frame, bit.
Performance
analysis
SONET, SDH,
DSn and PDH
G.826, G.828, G.821, M.2100, M.2101, M2101.1,
M.2110, M.2120.

14
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Alarm detection and measurement
Results Alarm seconds provided for all supported alarms.
Alarm LEDs Front panel LEDs:
Red/green: Signal, frame (all levels of framing), errors
(any error type), pattern.
Red: SONET/SDH (any SONET/SDH alarm),
DSn/PDH (any DSn or PDH alarm), history (any
error/alarm event earlier in measurement period).
Virtual LEDs (accesses via front panel 'Show More'
key):Graphical alarm display showing status
information (including history) for all supported alarm
types.
SONET Physical: LOS
Transport O/H: LOF, SEF, AIS-L, RDI-L, K1/K2 change.
Path O/H: AIS-P, AIS-C, LOP-P, LOP-C, RDI-P,
RDI-P-P, RDI-P-C, RDI-P-S, PDI-P, UNEQ-P, STS
pointer change
VT path: H4-LOM, P1P2 Loss, LOP-V, AIS-V, UNEQ-V,
RDI-V, RDI-V-P, RDI-V-S, RDI-V-C, RFI-V, VT pointer
adjustment.
Virtual Concatenation: OOM1, OOM2, LOM, SQM
Payload: Pattern loss.
Other: Clock loss, power loss.
SDH Physical: LOS.
Section O/H: LOF, OOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI, K1/K2
change.
Path O/H: AU-AIS, AU-AIS-C, AU-LOP, AU-LOP-C,
HP-RDI, HP-RDI-P, HP-RDI-C, HP-RDI-S, HP-UNEQ,
AU pointer change
LO-path: H4-LOM, TU-AIS, TU-LOP, LP-UNEQ, LP-RDI,
LP-RFI, TU pointer change
Tandem path:
(VC-3/4 & VC-4-Nc): TC-OOM, VC-AIS, TC-IAIS,
TC-RDI, ODI, TC-UNEQ
(VC-11/12): TC-RDI, ODI, TC-IAIS, TC-OOM, TC-UNEQ.
Virtual Concatenation: OOM1, OOM2, LOM, SQM
Payload: Pattern loss
Other: Clock loss, power loss
GFP Loss of Client Signal (LOCS), Loss of Client Character
Synchronization (LOCCS), GFP link loss (no valid GFP
frames)
LAPS Erroneous Frame Alarm and Link Loss Alarm
DSn DS1: LOS, LOF, AIS, RAI, excess zeros, pattern loss.
DS3: LOS, LOF, LOMF, AIS, RAI, idle, DS3 framing
mismatch, DS2 LOF, excess zeros, pattern loss.
PDH (En) 2 Mb/s: LOS, LOF, LOMF, AIS, RDI, RDI (MF), minor
alarm, pattern loss.
8 /34/140 Mb/s: LOS, LOF, AIS, RDI, minor alarm,
pattern loss.
Additional measurements
Optical power Supported for all optical receive rates.
Ranges:
10/10.71 Gb/s: -3dBm to -25 dBm.
52Mb/s, 155Mb/s, 622Mb/s, 2.5 Gb/s: -3 dBm to
-28 dBm.
Accuracy:
10/10.71 Gb/s: ± 1.5 dB.
2.5 Gb/s: ± 2 dB.
622 Mb/s and below: ± 1 dB.
Resolution: 0.1 dB.
Line frequency Supported for all optical and electrical receive rates.
Results: Frequency (Hz), Offset (Hz and ppm).
Accuracy: ± 4.5 ppm
Resolution:
Frequency: 1 Hz (up to 622 Mb/s), 0.1 kHz (2.5 Gb/s
and 10 Gb/s).
Offset: 0.1 ppm.
Pointer
measurements
Supported for both STS/AU and VT/TU pointers
Results: Pointer value, increment count, decrement
count, increment seconds, decrement seconds, NDF
seconds, missing NDF seconds, SPE/VC offset (in
ppm).
Virtual
Concatenation
Measurement of differential delay with reference to
earliest arriving member to a maximum of 256ms.
VCAT Measurement Overview - a group alarm
indication graphically displays active errors and
alarms and in which member of the group the
condition is present.
GFP Data rate, bandwidth utilization, valid frames, invalid
frames, valid idles frames, total frames, payload bytes,
non idle bytes, all bytes, total superblocks, valid
superblocks, invalid superblocks.
LAPS Data rate, bandwidth utilization, valid frames, invalid
frames, total frames, rate adaptation octets, payload
bytes, all bytes, flag bytes.
Ethernet MAC Data rate, frame size, valid frames, invalid frames,
total frames, runt frames, jumbo frames, MAC bytes.
Service
disruption
Measures the duration of an error burst detected in
the received test pattern (not available for word
patterns). Supported for all SONET/SDH mappings
(including concatenated) and DSn/PDH signals.
Results: Longest burst, shortest burst, last burst.
Range: 50 µs to 2 s.
Accuracy: ± 100 µs plus the sum of the applicable
re-framing times.
Resolution: 50 µs.
Re-framing time (maximum):
SONET/SDH: 250 µs
STS/AU Pointer: 500 µs
H4 multiframe (VT/TU): 1000 µs
VT/TU Pointer: 2000 µs

15
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Signal Wizard (all-channel testing)
Line rates OTN: OTU2
SONET: OC-1/3/12/48/192, STS-1/3
SDH: STM-0/1/4/16/64o, STM-0/1e
Channel sizes Supports detection and simultaneous monitoring of
any 'mix' of the following channel types:
OTN: OPU2
SONET: STS-1, STS-Nc (where N = 3, 12, 48, 192).
SDH: AU-3, AU-4, AU-4-Nc (where N = 4, 16, 64).
Note: SignalWizard will identify STS/AU channels of
any size (for example STS-24c, AU-4-8c). However,
error and alarm results will only be provided for the
channel types identified above.
Signal
monitoring
Monitors the line signal for:
• CV-S (B1), CV-L (B2), CV-LFE (MS-REI) errors.
• LOS, LOF, OOF, AIS-L (MS-AIS), RDI-L (MS-RDI).
• Signal power/level.
• Synchronization status (S1) message.
• J0 section trace message.
Simultaneously monitors each STS/AU channel for:
• CV-P (B3), CV-PFE (HP-REI) errors.
• AIS-P (AU-AIS), LOP-P (AU-LOP), RDI-P (HP-RDI)
alarms.
• Payload mapping type (C2 signal label).
• Pointer activity.
• J1 path trace message.
Simultaneous monitor of all VT/TU channels in
selected STS/AU for:
• CV-V (BIP-2), CV-VFE (LP-REI) errors.
• AIS-V (TU-AIS), LOP-V (TU-LOP), RFI-V (LP-RFI),
RDI-V (LP-RDI) alarms.
• Payload mapping type (V5 signal label).
• Pointer activity.
• J2 path trace message.
STS/AU
channel
viewer display
Results clearly presented on a colour-coded graphical
display showing:
• Line rate and power/level of the received signal.
• Status (including history) for each line/section
error and alarm.
• Text decode of synchronization status (S1) and J0
section trace.
• For each STS/AU channels:
- Channel size and channel traffic information
(equipped/unequipped and channels carrying
VT/TU payloads).
- Aggregated error/alarm status (including
history) and pointer activity.
• For a selected STS/AU channel:
- Status indicators (including history) for each
channel error/alarm.
- Pointer activity.
- The payload mapping being carried (C2 signal
label decode).
- J1 path trace message.
• For each VT/TU channel in a selected STS/AU:
- Channel size and traffic information
(equipped/unequipped).
- Aggregated error/alarm status (including
history) and pointer activity.
• For a selected VT/TU channel:
- Status (including history) for each channel error
and alarm.
- The payload mapping being carried (V5 signal
label decode).
- Pointer activity.
- J2 path trace message.
Path routing
test facilities
Overview of received path trace messages:
• Tabular display showing the J1 path trace
message associated with each STS/AU channel
in the received line signal.
• Tabular display showing the J2 path trace
message associated with each VT/TU channel in
a selected STS/AU.
Search for specified path trace message:
• Identifies channel that is carrying a user-specified
path trace message.
• For J1 messages, the search is performed on all
STS/AU channels in received signal.
• The J2 message search is performed on:
- All VT/TU channels in a selected STS/AU
channel.
- All VT/TU channels in all STS/AU channels.
• Search can be performed using any sub-string
contained in the target path trace message.
Search results report up to 25 matches.
Channel traffic
overview
Tabular display that lists for each STS/AU channel in
the received signal:
• Channel number.
• Channel size/type.
• The payload mapping being carried.
• J1 path trace message.
Tabular display that lists for each VT/TU channel in a
selected STS/AU:
• Channel number.
• Channel size/type.
• The payload mapping being carried.
• J2 path trace message.

16
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Error and alarm generation
Error generation
OTN Physical: Entire frame (1)
OTU2: Frame (OA1,OA2), MFAS, BIP-8, BEI,
correctable FEC errors, uncorrectable FEC blocks
ODU2: BIP-8, BEI
Payload: Bit
Error control: Single, error all (3), M.P x 10-n (where
M.P = 0.1 to 9.9 in 0.1 steps; n = 3 to 9)(4),
SONET Physical: Entire frame (1)
Transport O/H: Frame (A1A2), CV-S (B1), CV-L (B2),
REI-L (CV-LFE ) (2)
Path O/H: CV-P (B3), REI-P (CV-PFE)
Bulk payload: Bit.
Additional error add capability provided by:
Signal: BPV (STS-1).
VT path: CV-V (V5), CV-VFE (REI-V).
DSn/En payload: See DSn and PDH (En) error add for
details.
Error Control: Single, error all(3), M.P x 10-n (where
M.P = 0.1 to 9.9 in 0.1 steps; n = 3 to 9)(4), N-in-4(5),
N-in-T(6).
SDH Physical: Entire frame (1)
Section O/H: Frame (A1A2), B1 BIP, B2 BIP ,
MS-REI.(2)
Path O/H: B3 BIP, HP-REI
Tandem path (VC-3/4 and VC-4-Nc): IEC, TC-REI, OEI.
Bulk payload: Bit.
Additional error add capability provided by:
Signal: Code (STM-0e).
LO-path: B3 (VC-3), BIP-2 (VC-1/2); LP-REI.
Tandem path (VC-11/12): TC-REI, TC-OEI, N2-BIP.
PDH/DSn payload: See PDH and DSn error add for
details.
Error Control: Single, Error All (3), M.P x 10 -n (where
M.P = 0.1 to 9.9 in 0.1 steps; n = 3 to 9) (4), N-in-4 (5),
N-in-T (6)(7)
GFP - Framed Correctable core HEC, uncorrectable core HEC,
correctable type HEC, uncorrectable type HEC,
correctable extension HEC, uncorrectable extension
HEC, payload FCS.
GFP -
Transparent
Correctable core HEC, uncorrectable core HEC,
correctable type HEC, uncorrectable type HEC,
correctable extension HEC, uncorrectable extension
HEC, uncorrectable superblock errors, correctable
superblock errors (pre scrambler), superblock errors
(post scrambler), 10B_ERR errors, payload FCS.
LAPS Undersize Frames <=7bytes, undersize frames
<=5bytes, FCS, Invalid Control Sequence
Ethernet MAC Jumbo Frame, Runt Frame, FCS
DSn DS1: BPV(8), excess zeros(9), frame, CRC6, bit.
DS3: BPV (8), excess zeros(9), frame, MFAS, P-bit,
CP-bit, FEBE, bit.
Error Control: Single, M.P x 10 -n (where M.P = 0.1 to
9.9 in 0.1 steps, and n = 3 to 9)(4), N-in-4(10) , N-in-6(11)
PDH (En)) 2 Mb/s: Code(8), frame, CRC4, E-bit, bit.
8 Mb/s and 34 Mb/s: Code(8), frame, bit.
140 Mb/s: frame, bit.
Error Control: Single, M.P x 10 -n (where M.P = 0.1 to
9.9 in 0.1 steps, and n = 3 to 9)(4), N-in-4(10).
Notes:
1. Errors added after scrambling (and also after FEC calculation for OTN)
to simulate transmission errors.
2. For OC-192/STM-64, supports both the 'M1 only' and 'M0+M1' options
of the standards.
3. Not supported for data, frame, MFAS BPV/code, FEC block or bit.
4. The maximum error rate for any error type is 1 x 10-3 or the maximum
error rate supported by the error type (its saturation value), whichever is
the lower.
5. Supported for frame (A1A2) errors. N = 1 to 4.
6. SONET: B2 errors only. N errors transmitted during time T (T = 10 ms
to 1000 s in decade steps; N = 0 to 640 x n errors, where n is the
hierarchical level of the STS-n/OC-n signal).
7. SDH: B2 errors only. N errors transmitted during time T (T = 10 ms to
1000 s in decade steps;N = 0 to 640 errors for STM-0, and 0 to 1920 x n
errors for all other line rates, where n is the hierarchical level of the STM-n
signal).
8. Not available when signal is a mapped payload in SONET/SDH or a
channel within a higher rate DSn/PDH signal.
9. Single burst of 3 to 16 zeros (user selectable) transmitted without line
coding.
10. Supported for DS3 frame, DS3 MFAS and PDH frame errors. N = 1 to 4.
11. Supported for DS1 frame errors. N = 1 to 6.
Alarm generation
Alarm control On/Off/Single/Stress
On/Off: The alarm is turned on or off
Single: A single instance of the selected alarm is
generated as per ITU-T /Telcordia recommendations
Stress test: Performed using a 'p' , 'n' and ' m'
sequence. With alarm initial condition ON (OFF), the
alarm is toggled OFF (ON) for 'p' frames followed by a
continuous repeat of 'n' frames ON (OFF) then 'm'
frames OFF (ON). The values of p, n and m can be
changed hitlessly during testing.
Note: Single and stress test only available for SONET
and SDH alarm testing, excluding VT/TU alarms
OTN Physical: LOS
OTU2: LOF, OOF, OOM, AIS, IAE, BDI
ODU2: AIS, OCI, LCK, BDI
SONET Physical: LOS.
Transport O/H: LOF, SEF, AIS-L, RDI-L.
Path O/H: AIS-P, LOP-P, RDI-P, RDI-P-P, RDI-P-S,
RDI-P-C, UNEQ-P.
VT path: H4-LOM, AIS-V, LOP-V, RDI-V, RDI-V-P,
RDI-V-S, RDI-V-C, RFI-V, UNEQ-V.
SDH Physical: LOS.
Section O/H: LOF, OOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI.
Path O/H: AU-AIS, AU-LOP, HP-RDI, HP-RDI-P,
HP-RDI-C, HP,RDI-S, HP-UNEQ.
Tandem path: (VC-3/4 and VC-4-Nc): TC-OOM,
VC-AIS, TC-IAIS, TC-RDI, ODI, TC-UNEQ.
LO-path: H4-LOM, TU-AIS, TU-LOP, LP-RDI, LP-RFI,
LP-UNEQ.
Tandem path (VC-11/12): TC-RDI, TC-ODI, VC-AIS,
TC-UNEQ.
Virtual
Concatenation
OOM1, OOM2, LOM, SQM - applied to selected
member of group
AIS-P, RDI-P, LOP-P, UNEQ-P, AIS-V, RDI-V, LOP-V,
UNEQ -V applied to all SONET members.
HP-AIS, HP-RDI, AU-LOP, HP-UNEQ, TU-AIS, LP-RDI,
TU-LOP, LP-UNEQ - applied to all SDH members.
GFP - Framed
and
Transparent
Loss of Client Signal (LOCS), Loss of Client Character
Synchronization (LOCCS) with configurable time
interval between 100 and 1000ms.
LAPS Erroneous frame - abort, - inverted FCS, link loss.
DSn DS1: LOS, LOF, AIS, RAI.
DS3: LOS, LOF, AIS, RAI, idle.
PDH (En) 2 Mb/s: LOS, LOF, LOMF, AIS, RDI, RDI (MF), minor
alarm.
8 /34/140 Mb/s: LOS, LOF, AIS, RDI, minor alarm.

17
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Overhead testing
OTN overhead testing
Overhead
Setup
Overhead bytes are user programmable in
hexadecimal. Trace identifier messages are settable
in ASCII.
Restrictions: SM BIP-8 and PM BIP-8 are calculated
values. Control of these bytes is achieved using the
instrument error generation feature. No access to JC,
NJO or PJO.
Overhead
Monitor
Displays all received OTU, ODU and OPU overhead
bytes in hexadecimal format. Values are updated
approximately every second.
Overhead
Sequence
Generation
A single overhead channel can be chosen to have a
sequence of hexadecimal values inserted. 256
different elements for the sequence can be defined,
each element being the appropriate number of bytes
for the selected overhead channel. Each element can
be transmitted for a variable number of frames
(1-65535). This sequence can be transmitted as a
single run or repeated indefinitely.
Sequence Channels:
6 Bytes: FAS
4 Bytes: APS/PCC
2 Bytes: GCC0-2, EXP
1 Byte: MFAS, TCM ACT, FTFL, RES, PM bytes 1 and
3, SM bytes 1 and 3, TCM 1-6 bytes 1 and 3, OPU2
bytes (excluding JC, NJO and PJO when in async
mode)
For TCM1-6, bytes 1 and 3 can be sequenced, the
BIP-8 is calculated.
Overhead sequences will be automatically
synchronized to the MFAS if the number of frames in
the sequence is a multiple or sub-multiple of 256 (e.g.
64, 128 or 512 frames).
Overhead
Sequence
Capture
A single overhead channel can be selected for
capture. 256 unique values of the selected channel
are displayed along with the number of frames
(1-65535) for which each value has persisted.
Sequence Channels:
6 Bytes: FAS (OA1, OA2)
4 Bytes: APC/PCC
2 Bytes: GCC0, TCM TOS, EXP, GCC1, GCC2
1 Byte: MFAS, TCM ACT, FTFL, RES, PM bytes 1 and 3,
SM bytes 1 and 3, TCM 1-6 bytes 1 and 3, OPU2 bytes
(not JC, NJO , PJO in async mode)
Trigger value: User definable
Capture is triggered when user defined value is
• Equal to the received value in the selected channel
or
• NOT equal to the received value in the selected
channel
Trigger Mask: Trigger mask value settable by user.
Only bits corresponding to a '1' in the mask value are
used to detect trigger.
Trigger Selection:
• Manual. 256 values following the manual capture
are displayed.
• Pre trigger capture. Up to 256 values up to and
including the trigger point are displayed. Capture
is triggered as soon as possible after the capture
is started, even if 256 values have not been
captured.
• Post trigger capture. Up to 256 values including
and following the trigger point are displayed. The
captured data is updated every second after the
capture has triggered.
• Centred capture. Up to 128 values before the
trigger point and up to 128 values including and
following the trigger point are displayed.
Frame Capture Four complete optical channel frames including
overhead, payload and FEC blocks can be captured for
display and analysis.
Frame Capture Triggers:
Trigger Selection:
• Manual - Four frames after the manual trigger are
captured.
• Pre-trigger - Four frames up to and including the
trigger frame are captured.
• Post-trigger - The trigger frame plus three
following frames are captured.
• Centered - Two frames before the trigger frame,
the trigger frame and the next frame are captured.
Capture Triggers: Frame capture can be triggered on
receive triggers as detailed in "Event Trigger
Outputs".
Trail Trace
Identifiers
Text based set-up and monitoring of the SM and PM
TTI message
SONET/SDH overhead testing
Overhead
setup
All TOH/SOH, STS-path/HO-path, and
VT-path/LO-path overhead bytes user programmable
in hexadecimal.
Restrictions: B1, B2, B3, H1 (SS-bits programmable),
H2, H3, V1 to V4, V5 (bits 5-7 programmable).
Overhead
monitor
Displays all TOH/SOH overhead bytes in a selected
STS-3/STM-1group, plus all STS-path/HO-path and
VT path/LO-path overhead bytes. Byte values are
presented in hexadecimal.
Overhead
Sequence
Generation
A single overhead channel can be chosen to have a
sequence of hexadecimal values inserted. 256
different elements for the sequence can be defined,
each element being the appropriate number of bytes
for the selected overhead channel. Each element can
be transmitted for a variable number of frames
(1-65535). Sequence transmitted as a single run or
repeated indefinitely.
Sequence Channels:
9 Bytes: D4-D12
6 Bytes: A1,A2 for STM-1 to 64 and STS-3 to 192
3 Bytes: D1-D3
2 Bytes: A1,A2 for STM-0 or STS-1, M0-M1 (STM-64
only), K1-K2, H1-H2
1 Byte: J0, E1, F1, Z0, J1, C2, G1, F2, H4, F3, K3, N1, H3

18
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Overhead
Sequence
Capture
A single overhead channel can be selected for
capture. 256 unique values of the selected channel
are displayed along with the number of frames
(1-65535) for which each value has persisted.
Sequence Channels:
9 Bytes: D4-D12
6 Bytes: A1,A2 for STM-1 to 64 and STS-3 to 192
3 Bytes: D1-D3
2 Bytes: A1,A2 for STM-0 or STS-1, M0-M1 (STM-64
only), K1-K2, H1-H2
1 Byte: J0, E1, F1, S1, M1, Z0, J1, C2, G1, F2, H4, F3, K3,
N1, H3
Trigger value: User definableCapture is triggered
when user defined value is
• Equal to the received value in the selected channel
or
• NOT equal to the received value in the selected
channel
Trigger Mask: Trigger mask value settable by user.
Only bits corresponding to a '1' in the mask value are
used to detect trigger.
Trigger Selection:
• Manual. 256 values following the manual capture
displayed.
• Pre trigger capture. Up to 256 values up to and
including the trigger point are displayed. Capture
is triggered as soon as possible after the capture
is started, even if 256 values have not been
captured.
• Post trigger capture. Up to 256 values including
and following the trigger point are displayed. The
captured data is updated every second after the
capture has triggered.
• Centred capture. Up to 128 values before, the
trigger point and up to 128 values including and
following the trigger point are displayed.
Entire
Overhead
Capture
6 complete frames of overhead are captured.
Overhead selection:
• SOH+LOH / RSOH+MSOH or
•STS/POH
Trigger selection:
• Manual - 6 frames after the manual trigger are
captured
• Pre-trigger - 6 frames up to and including trigger
captured
• Post-trigger - Trigger plus 5 following frames
captured
• Centred - 3 frames before the trigger frame, the
trigger frame and the next 2 frames are captured
Capture Triggers: Entire overhead capture can be
triggered on receive triggers as detailed in "Event
Trigger Outputs"
APS/MSP
messages
(K1K2)
Text-based setup and monitoring of APS/MSP
messages.
Linear: Messages comply with Telcordia
GR-253-CORE Issue 3 and ITU-T G.783.
Ring: Messages comply with Telcordia GR-1230 and
ITU-T G.841
Active APS
Test
NOTE: Only available for linear architecture.
The ACTIVE APS message test gives real-time K1/K2
response to provide switching keep-alive capability.
The instrument will not initiate any K1/K2 changes,
but will respond to change requests that appear on
the input K1/K2 byte values. K1/K2 response is sent
(response time:10ms) if received value persists for 3
frames.
Operating Modes:
•Unidirectional
• Bidirectional
Emulation response time:10ms
Trace
messages(J0,
J1, J2,
TC-APId)
Text-based setup and monitoring of all trace
messages (J0, J1, J2, TC-APId (VC-3/4, VC-4-Nc),
TC-APId (VC-11/12).
Message formats:
J0/J1/J2: Selectable as 16-byte or 64-byte format.
TC-APId (SDH only): 16-byte format.
Synchronizatio
n status
message (S1)
Text-based setup and monitoring of Synchronization
Status messages. Messages comply with Telcordia
GR-253-CORE Issue 3 and ITU-T G.707 (04/00 draft).
Signal labels
(C2, V5)
Text-based setup and monitoring of payload signal
labels (both STS path/HO-path and VT path/LO-path).
Labels comply with Telcordia GR-253-CORE Issue 3
and ITU-T G.707 (04/00 draft).
GFP overhead testing
Overhead
setup
User programmable PTI, PFI, EXI (linear and NULL),
CID (linear only), UPI
LAPS overhead testing
Overhead
setup
User programmable SAPI, Address, Control, FCS
length (16/32 bit), scrambler (ON/OFF), Rate
adaptation octet (Enable/Disable).
Custom mode allows other HDLC encapsulations
such as HDLC/PPP to be simulated using an Ethernet
payload.
Ethernet overhead testing
Overhead
setup
User programmable destination address, source
address, VLAN (tagged/untagged), User priority
(VLAN tagged), VLAN No. (VLAN tagged),
Length/Type field, requested data rate.
SONET/SDH pointer adjustment control
The following pointer adjustment controls are provided as standard for
STS-Nc/AU-4-Nc and STS/AU payload pointers.
New pointer Transmits a new pointer address with or without a
new data flag (NDF). Supports setting of any valid
pointer value.
Burst Single burst of adjustments transmitted in a selected
pointer.
Adjustment polarity: Incrementing, decrementing,
alternating.
Burst size:
STS/AU and STS-Nc/AU-4-Nc: 1 to 10.
VT/TU: 1 to 5.
Separation of adjustments in burst: STS/AU and
STS-Nc/AU-4-Nc: 4 frames (500µs).
VT/TU: 4 multiframes (2 ms).
Periodic
sequence
Periodic sequence of pointer adjustments created by
generating a frequency offset between the line and
SPE/VC clocks.
Clock control: User selectable as either:
1. SPE/VC clock offset, line clock locked to reference.
2. Line clock offset, SPE/VC clock locked to reference.
Offset: User selectable in the range ± 100 ppm.
Setting resolution: 0.1 ppm.
Accuracy: 0.02 ppm.

19
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
Virtual Concatenation Delay Generation
Delay
Generation
Up to 256ms can be added to any or all members of the
virtual concatenated. Full delay generation to ITU-T
G.707.
Delay Control Delay can be entered in microseconds to 2 decimal
places with On/Off control provided. Also for each
member selected it is possible to increment/
decrement the pointer to hitlessly vary delay.
Event triggers outputs - OTN/SONET/SDH
OTN transmit
triggers
Source: LOS - available with alarm stress 'Pulse'
mode
OTU2: LOF, OOF, LOM, OOM, AIS, IAE, BDI,
ODU2: AIS, OCI, LCK, BDI,
Format: Level
Source: Start of frame, entire frame error add, frame
error (OA1,OA2), MFAS
OTU2: BIP8, BEI
ODU2: SM BIP8, SM BEI, FEC Block error, bit
Format: Pulse
OTN receive
triggers
Source:
OTU2: LOF, OOF, AIS, IAE, BDI
ODU2: AIS, OCI, LCK, BDI
Format: Level
Source: Start of frame, frame error (OA1,OA2), MFAS
OTU2: BIP8, BEI
ODU2: BIP8, BEI
FEC Block error
Format: Pulse
Note: All of the above triggers are selectable for frame
capture
SONET
transmit
triggers
Alarms
Physical: LOS
Transport O/H: LOF, SEF, AIS-L, RDI-L
Path O/H: AIS-P, AIS-C, LOP-P, LOP-C, RDI-P,
UNEQ-P,
Virtual Concatenation: OOM1, OOM2, LOM, SQM
Format: Level
Errors/Events
Transport O/H: Start of frame, entire frame error add,
frame error (A1,A2), CV-S(B1), CV-L(B2), REI-L
(CV-LFE)
Path O/H: CV-P(B3), REI-P (CV-PFE)
Payload: Bit
Format: Pulse
SONET receive
triggers
Alarms
Physical: LOS
Transport O/H: LOF, SEF, AIS-L, RDI-L, K1/K2 change
Path O/H: LOP-P*, LOP-C*, AIS-P*, AIS-C*, RDI-P,
UNEQ-P
Virtual Concatenation: OOM1, OOM2, LOM, LOA,
SQM
Format: Level
Errors/Events
Transport O/H: Start of frame, frame error, CV-S(B1),
CV-L(B2), REI-L(CV-LFE), STS pointer change
Path O/H: CV-P(B3), REI-P (CV-PFE)
Format: Pulse
Note: TOH event triggers are selectable for TOH frame
capture.
STS event triggers are selectable for STS-Path
capture.
* Trigger not available for Entire Overhead Capture
SDH transmit
triggers
Alarms
Physical: LOS
Section O/H: LOF, OOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI,
Path O/H: AU-AIS, AU-AIS-C, AU-LOP, AU-LOP-C,
HP-RDI, HP-UNEQ
Tandem path: TC-OOM, VC-AIS, TC-IAIS, TC-RDI, ODI,
TC-UNEQ
Virtual Concatenation: OOM1, OOM2, LOM, SQM
Format: Level
Errors/Events
Section O/H: Start of frame, entire frame error add,
frame error (A1,A2), B1 BIP, B2 BIP, MS-REI
Path O/H: B3 BIP, HP-REI
Tandem Path: IEC, TC-REI, OEI
Payload: bit
Format: Pulse
SDH receive
triggers
Alarms
Physical: LOS
Section O/H: LOF, OOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI, K1/K2
change
Path O/H: AU-AIS*, AU-AIS-C*, AU-LOP*, AU-LOP-C*,
HP-RDI, HP-UNEQ
Tandem Path: TC-OOM, VC-AIS, TC-IAIS, TC-RDI, ODI,
TC-UNEQ
Virtual Concatenation: OOM1, OOM2, LOM, LOA,
SQM
Format: Level
Errors/Events
Section O/H: Start of frame, frame error (A1,A2), B1
BIP, B2 BIP, MS-REI, , AU-3/4 pointer change
Path O/H: B3 BIP, HP-REI
Tandem Path: IEC, TC-REI, OEI, TC-ERR
Format: Pulse
Note: RSOH and MSOH event triggers are selectable
for RSOH+MSOH frame capture.
POH event triggers are selectable for POH capture.
* Trigger not available for Entire Overhead Capture
Trigger output port for OTN/SONET/SDH
Connectors SMA, TTL, 50ohm
Output level Logic '1' = 4V typical
Logic '0' = 0V typical
Pulse Width 100ns Nominal

20
OmniBER OTN Communications Performance Analyzers
GCC/DCC drop/insert
Supports the drop and insert of DCC channels from SONET/SDH or GCC
channels from OTN signals
Connector 9-pin miniature D-type.
Rates D1-D3 DCC channel: 192 kb/s.
D4-D12 DCC channel: 576 kb/s.
GCC0, 1, 2 channels: 1.3124 Mb/s
Signal type Unipolar differential type designed to be similar to
TIA/EIA-422-B and ITU Recommendation V.11 with
reduced common-mode voltage range due to reduced
supply voltage of 3.3V.
Input
termination
100Ωdifferential.
Input
sensitivity
200mV over a common-mode input voltage range from
-0.3V to 5.5V.
Output voltage
swing
>0.95V (1.5V typical)
DC Levels Logic '1' = 2.3V typical, 1.85V min
Logic '0' = 0.8V typical, 1.05V max
Order of
transmission
Most significant bit (MSB) transmitted first (for both
data input and data output).
GCC/DCC drop/insert connector pin-out
Pin number RS-449/422 signal
1Rx data output (+)
2Rx clock output (+)
3Signal ground
4Tx clock output (+)
5Tx data input (+)
6Rx data output (-)
7Rx clock output (-)
8Tx clock output (-)
9Tx data input (-)
Payload drop/insert capabilities
DSn/PDH
to/from
SONET
Supports the external drop/insert of asynchronous
mapped DSn/PDH payloads. Drop/insert is
performed via the instrument's DSn/PDH electrical
test ports.
Supported rates: DS1, E1 (2Mb/s), DS3.
DSn/PDH
to/from SDH
Supports the external drop/insert of asynchronous
mapped DSn/PDH payloads. Drop/insert performed
via the instrument's DSn/PDH electrical test ports.
Supported rates: DS1, 2 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s, DS3, 140
Mb/s.
DSn/PDH
to/from
DSn/PDH
Supports the external drop/insert of a DS1 or 2 Mb/s
channel to/from a higher-rate DSn/PDH signal.
Drop-insert performed via the instrument's DSn/PDH
electrical test ports.
Supported rates: DS1 to/from DS3; 2 Mb/s(1) to/from
8/34/140 Mb/s or DS3.
Voice drop Allows the traffic in a selected 56 kb/s or 64 kb/s
timeslot carried within a DS1 or 2 Mb/s signal to be
dropped to an internal speaker. The DS1 or 2 Mb/s
signal can be at the primary signal rate or carried
within a higher-rate line signal (SONET/SDH or
DS3/PDH).
Coding: A-law (2 Mb/s), µ-law (DS1).
Note: 2 Mb/s drop/insert to/from an 8/34/140 Mb/s signal is performed
via the 120Ωbalanced test ports (3-pin Siemens connectors)
Thru-mode testing
OTN Rate: OTU2
Transparent:
Receive signal passes unaltered through test set. All
receiver test facilities are available.
SONET/SDH Rates:
SONET: OC-1, OC-12, OC-48, STS-1, STS-3.
SDH: STM-0o, STM-4o, STM-16o, STM-0e, STM-1e.
Transparent:
Receive signal passes unaltered through test set. All
receiver test facilities are available.
Overhead Overwrite:
Error and alarm events down to high order path level
as detailed in sections "Error Generation" and "Alarm
Generation"
DCC drop/insert
Trace messages (J0, J1)
Labels (S1, C2)
APS Messages (K1,K2)
Entire frame error add
A1/A2 error add
Virtual
Concatenation
Receive signal passes unaltered through the test set.
All receiver test functions, including differential delay
measurement, are available
GFP Receive signal passes unaltered through the test set.
All receiver test functions are available.
Ethernet Receive signal passes unaltered through the test set.
All receiver test functions are available.
DSn Receive signal passes unaltered through test set. All
receiver test facilities are available.
Rates: DS1, DS3.