AimTTi TG5011A User manual

TG5011A/TG2511A & TG5012A/TG2512A
Function/Arbitrary Generators INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1
Introduction 2
Specification 3
Safety 12
Installation 13
Connections 14
General 16
Continuous Carrier Waveform Operation 20
Pulse Generator 26
Noise Generator 29
PRBS Generator 31
Modulation 33
Sweep 49
Burst 54
Dual Channel Operation 56
Trigger Menu 59
Output Menu 61
Utility Menu 65
Stores Menu 70
Help Operations 78
Editing Arbitrary Waveforms 79
Synchronising Two Generators 83
Calibration 85
Remote Interface Operation 90
Remote Commands 97
Remote Commands Summary 105
Appendix 1. Information, Warning and Error Messages 110
Appendix 2. Factory Default Settings 120
Appendix 3. Waveform Manager Plus V.4 Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Management Software 122
Maintenance 123
Note: The latest revisions of this manual, device drivers and software tools can be
downloaded from: http://www.aimtti.com/support.
This manual is 48591-1280 Issue 6

2
Introduction
This manual is for the TG5011A and TG2511A single channel generators and the TG5012A and
TG2512A dual channel generators. Wherever there are differences in the specification, the limits for
the TG2511A/TG2512A are shown in square brackets [ ] after the TG5011A/TG5012A limits.
These new programmable function/arbitrary generators use direct digital synthesis techniques to
provide high performance and extensive facilities in a compact instrument. They can generate a
wide variety of waveforms between 1µHz and 50MHz [25MHz] with high resolution and accuracy.
Sine waves are produced with low distortion to 50MHz [25MHz]. Square waves have fast rise and
fall times at up to 50MHz [25MHz]. Linear ramp waves are produced to 1MHz [500kHz]. Ramp and
square waves also have variable symmetry.
The instruments can generate variable edge time pulses to 12.5MHz [6.25MHz] with variable
period, pulse width, delay and amplitude.
Complex custom waveforms can be generated with 14-bit resolution and a sampling rate of
125MSa/s. Up to four waveforms can be stored in non-volatile memory.
Waveforms can also be generated by the supplied Waveform Manager Plus Version 4.4 Windows
application and downloaded to the instrument via USB, LAN or optional GPIB interfaces or via a
USB flash drive.
Front panel operation is straightforward and user friendly with all major parameters shown at all
times on the large bright LCD. All major functions can be accessed with a single key or two. The
knob or numeric keypad can be used to adjust frequency, amplitude, offset, and other parameters.
Voltage values can be entered directly in Vpp, Vrms, dBm, or as high and low levels. Timing
parameters can be entered in Hertz (Hz) or seconds.
Internal AM, FM, PM, FSK, BPSK, SUM and PWM modulation make it easy to modulate waveforms
without the need for a separate modulation source. Linear and logarithmic sweeps are also built in,
with sweep rates selectable from 1 ms to 500s. Burst mode operation allows for a user-selected
number of cycles at each trigger event.
LAN and USB interfaces are standard and there is full compliance to LXI Core 2011 specification.
The instruments use a high stability temperature compensated internal oscillator and the external
frequency reference input lets you synchronize to an external 10 MHz frequency standard for even
greater accuracy.
•Sine waves up to 50MHz [25MHz], square waves up to 50MHz [25MHz]
•16 standard waveforms available plus pulse, noise, PRBS and arbitrary
•User defined pulses with 10ns resolution
•14 bit resolution arbitrary waveforms with125MHz sampling frequency
•Up to 4 arbitrary waveforms of 2 to 128k points.
•Fully compliant to LXI Core 2011 specification
•AM, FM, PM, FSK, BPSK, SUM and PWM modulation types
•Linear & logarithmic sweeps
•3 burst types; Gated, Counted and Infinite
•10 mVpp to 10 Vpp amplitude range (into 50 Ω)
•Independent variable rise and fall adjustment
•Visual representation of the output waveform shown at all times on the LCD
•Connect via USB and LAN
•USB host port for connection of USB flash drives for waveform and set-up storage

3
Specification
General specifications apply for the temperature range 5°C to 40°C. Accuracy specifications apply
for the temperature range 18°C to 28°C after 30 minutes warm−up, at maximum output into 50Ω.
Typical specifications are determined by design and are not guaranteed.
TG2512A limits, where different, are shown in square brackets [ ] after the TG5012A limits.
Waveforms
Standard Waveforms
Sine, Square, Ramp (Variable Symmetry), Triangle, Positive Ramp, Negative Ramp, Pulse,
Noise (Gaussian), PRBS, DC, Sin(x)/x, Exponential Rise, Exponential Fall, Logarithmic Rise,
Logarithmic Fall and 4 User Defined Arbitrary Waveforms. Haversine, Gaussian, Lorentz and
Cardiac are supplied on CD.
Sine
Frequency Range:
1µHz to 50MHz [1µHz to 25MHz]
Frequency Resolution:
1µHz, 14 digits
Output Level:
10mVp-p to 10Vp−p into 50Ω
Amplitude Flatness
(Relative to 1kHz):
<100kHz
0.1dB
<5MHz
0.15dB
<25MHz
0.3dB
<50MHz
0.5dB
Harmonic Distortion:
<1 Vp-p
≥1Vp-p
DC to 20kHz
-65dBc
-65dBc
20kHz to 100kHz
-60dBc
-60dBc
100kHz to 1MHz
-45dBc
-45dBc
1MHz to 25MHz
-40dBc
-35dBc
25MHz to 50MHz
-40dBc
-28dBc
Non−Harmonic Spurii:
<–60dBc to 1MHz, <–60dBc + 6dB/octave 1MHz to 50MHz
Phase Noise (10kHz offset):
-115dBc/Hz, typical
Square
Frequency Range:
1µHz to 50MHz [1µHz to 25MHz]
Frequency Resolution:
1µHz, 14 digits
Output Level:
10mVp-p to 10Vp−p into 50Ω
Rise and Fall Times:
<8ns [<13ns]
Overshoot:
<5%
Variable Duty Cycle:
20% to 80% to 20MHz, 0.1% resolution
40% to 60% to 25 MHz, 0.1% resolution
50% (fixed) above 25MHz
Asymmetry (@ 50% duty):
1% of period + 5ns
Jitter (RMS):
0.5ns + 100 ppm of period, typical

4
Ramp
Frequency Range:
1µHz to 1MHz [1µHz to 500kHz]
Frequency Resolution:
1µHz, 12 digits
Output Level:
10mVp-p to 10Vp−p into 50Ω
Linearity Error:
<0.1% to 30 kHz
Variable Symmetry:
0.0 % to 100.0 %, 0.1% resolution
Pulse
Frequency Range:
500µHz to 12.5MHz [500µHz to 6.25MHz]
Frequency Resolution:
1µHz, 14 digits
Output Level:
10mVp-p to 10Vp−p into 50Ω
Overshoot:
<5%
Jitter:
300ps + 0.01% of period, typical
Rise/Fall Times: Rise and Fall times can be independently varied or can be varied
together simultaneously.
Range:
<8ns to 40µs [<13ns to 40
µ
s]
Resolution: 0.1ns (for rise and fall time ≤100ns)
1ns (for rise and fall time >100ns and ≤2µs)
10ns (for rise and fall time >2µs and ≤40µs)
Width Range: 20ns to 2000s (20ns min for period ≤40s; 200 ns min for period
>40s and ≤400s; 2µs min for period >400s)
Width Resolution: 10ns (for period ≤40s)
100ns (for period >40s and ≤400s)
1µs (for period >400s)
Delay Range:
0ns to 2000s
Delay Resolution: 10ns (for period ≤40s)
100ns (for period >40s and ≤400s)
1µs (for period >400s)
Arbitrary
In built arbitrary waveforms (Sinc, Exponential Rise, Logarithmic Rise and DC). Up to 4 user-
defined waveforms may be stored in non-volatile memory. Waveforms can be defined by
downloading of waveform data via remote interfaces or from the instrument’s front panel.
Waveform Memory Size: 4 waveforms – 4 waveforms of maximum size 65536 points or
3 waveforms – 1 waveform of maximum size 131072 points and 2
waveforms of maximum size 65536 points or
2 waveforms – 2 waveforms of maximum size 131072 points.
Minimum waveform size is 2 points.
Vertical Resolution:
14 bits
Frequency Range:
1µHz to 10MHz [1µHz to 6MHz]
Frequency Resolution:
1µHz, 14 digits
Output Level:
10mVp-p to 10Vpp into 50Ω
Sampling rate:
125MS/s

5
Output Filter
Selects between 50MHz Elliptic or 20MHz Bessel filter depending on the waveform.
Noise Gaussian White Noise: Noise can be added to any carrier waveform (except pulse and square and
noise itself). The amount of noise added can be specified as 0% to 50% of the amplitude of the
carrier waveform. Noise can also be used as modulating waveform.
Bandwidth (-3dB):
20MHz typical
Noise crest factor (Vp/Vrms):
5.27
Output Level:
10mVp-p to 10Vpp into 50Ω
PRBS
Bit Rate
1µbps to 50Mbps, [1µbps to 25Mbps] 1µbps resolution
Sequence Length
2
m
-1, where m = 7, 9, 11, 15, 20, 23
Rise/Fall Times:
Rise and Fall times are varied simultaneously.
Range:
<8ns to 40µs [<13ns to 40
µ
s]
Internal Frequency Reference
Initial Setting Error:
<± 2ppm
Oscillator Ageing Rate:
<± 1ppm first year
Temperature Stability:
<1ppm over the specified temperature range
Modulation
AM
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, PRBS
Modulation Source:
Internal/External
Internal Modulating
Waveforms: Sine, Square, Up Ramp, Down Ramp, Triangle, Noise, DC, Sinc, Exponential Rise, Logarithmic Rise and User Defined Arbs
PRBS-PN7, PN9, PN11, PN15, PN20, PN23
Internal Modulating
Frequency:
1µHz to 1MHz, 1µHz resolution
Amplitude Depth:
0.0% to 120.0%, 0.1% resolution
FM
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, PRBS
Modulation Source:
Internal/External
Internal Modulating
Waveforms: Sine, Square, Up Ramp, Down Ramp, Triangle, Noise, DC, Sinc, Exponential Rise, Logarithmic Rise and User Defined Arbs
PRBS-PN7, PN9, PN11, PN15, PN20, PN23
Internal Modulating
Frequency:
1µHz to 1MHz, 1µHz resolution
Frequency Deviation:
DC to Fmax/2, 1µHz resolution

6
PM
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, PRBS
Modulation Source:
Internal/External
Internal Modulating
Waveforms: Sine, Square, Up Ramp, Down Ramp, Triangle, Noise, DC, Sinc, Exponential Rise, Logarithmic Rise and User Defined Arbs
PRBS-PN7, PN9, PN11, PN15, PN20, PN23
Internal Modulating
Frequency:
1µHz to 1MHz, 1µHz resolution
Phase Deviation:
-360.0 to +360.0 degrees, 0.1 degree resolution
BPSK
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, PRBS
Modulation Source:
Internal/External
Internal Modulation:
50% duty cycle square (2mHz-100kHz)
PWM
Carrier Waveforms:
Pulse
Modulation Source:
Internal/External
Internal Modulating
Waveforms: Sine, Square, Up Ramp, Down Ramp, Triangle, Noise, DC, Sinc, Exponential Rise, Logarithmic Rise and User Defined Arbs
PRBS-PN7, PN9, PN11, PN15, PN20, PN23
Internal Modulating
Frequency:
1µHz to 1MHz, 1µHz resolution
Pulse Width Deviation:
0% to 100% of pulse width, resolution same as of pulse width
FSK
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, PRBS
Source:
Internal/External (via TRIG IN)
Internal Modulation:
50% duty cycle square (2mHz to 100kHz)
SUM
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Ramp, Arb
Modulation Source:
Internal/External
Internal Modulating
Waveforms: Sine, Square, Up Ramp, Down Ramp, Triangle, Noise, DC, Sinc, Exponential Rise, Logarithmic Rise and User Defined Arbs
PRBS-PN7, PN9, PN11, PN15, PN20, PN23
Internal Modulating
Frequency:
1µHz to 1MHz, 1µHz resolution
Ratio:
0% to 100%, 0.1% resolution

7
Triggered Burst
Each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the waveform.
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, Pulse, PRBS
Maximum Carrier Frequency: 10MHz (finite cycles), 50MHz [25MHz] (infinite), subject to carrier
waveform.
Number of Cycles:
1 to 16,777215 and infinite.
Trigger Repetition Rate: 2mHz to 1MHz internal
dc to 1MHz external.
Trigger Signal Source: Internal from keyboard, trigger generator, or other channel.
External from TRIG IN or remote interface.
Trigger Start/Stop Phase: -360.0 to +360.0 degrees, 0.1 degree resolution, subject to carrier
waveform
Gated
Waveform will run while the Gate signal is true and stop while false.
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, Pulse, Noise, PRBS
Maximum Carrier Frequency:
10 MHz, subject to carrier waveform
Trigger Repetition Rate: 2mHz to 1MHz internal
dc to 1MHz external.
Gate Signal Source: Internal from keyboard, trigger generator, or other channel.
External from TRIG IN or remote interface.
Gate Start/Stop Phase: -360.0 to +360.0 degrees, 0.1 degree resolution, subject to carrier
waveform
Sweep
Frequency sweep capability is provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms.
Carrier Waveforms:
All standard and arbitrary except pulse.
Sweep Mode:
Linear or logarithmic, triggered or continuous.
Sweep Direction:
Up, down, up/down or down/up.
Sweep Range: From 1µHz to 50MHz [25MHz], subject to carrier waveform. Phase
continuous. Independent setting of the start and stop frequency.
Sweep Time:
1ms to 500s (6 digit resolution).
Marker:
Variable during sweep.
Sweep Trigger Source: The sweep may be free run or triggered from the following sources:
Internal from keyboard, trigger generator, or other channel.
Externally from TRIG IN input or remote interface.
Trigger Generator
Internal source 2mHz to 1MHz square wave adjustable in 1us steps, 9 digit resolution. Available for
external use from the SYNC OUT socket.

8
Dual-channel Operations
Tracking
Independent (Off):
The channels are independent of each other.
Equal:
The two channels are identical and behave identically.
Inverse: The two channels are identical except that the output of channel 2 is
inverted. In this mode the two channels can be used together as a
differential signal source.
Coupling
Frequency coupling: The frequencies of the two channels can be coupled. Changing the
frequency of one channel changes the frequency of the other channel,
either by a fixed ratio or fixed offset.
Waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp and Arbs can be coupled to
each other. Pulse can only be coupled to Pulse.
Noise and PRBS cannot be frequency coupled.
Type
Ratio
0.001 to 1000, resolution 0.001
Offset
+/- 50MHz -1µHz, resolution 1µHz
Amplitude (and DC Offset)
coupling: Amplitude (and DC offset) of the two channels can be coupled. Changing the amplitude and offset on one channel changes the
amplitude and offset of both channels.
Output coupling: Output On/Off can be coupled. Switching the output On/Off on one
channel switches the output On/Off of both channels.
Characteristics
Relative phase: -360 to 360 degrees, 0.1 degree resolution (Phase offset cannot be set
for Pulse, Noise and PRBS waveforms)
Channel to channel
Skew (typical):
Sine – Sine
<1ns
Sine – Square 50% duty cycle 30ns or 0.1% of period
(whichever is greater)
Other duty cycles 30ns or 2% of period
(whichever is greater)
Sine – Ramp/Arb (any
Ramp symmetry)
8ns (worst case)
Square – Square Same duty cycle <1ns or 0.1% of period
(whichever is greater)
Different duty cycle <1ns or 2% of period
(whichever is greater)
Square – Ramp/Arb
(any Ramp symmetry) 50% duty cycle 30ns or 0.1% of period +
8ns (whichever is greater)
Other duty cycles 30ns or 2% of period +
8ns (whichever is greater)
Ramp/Arb – Ramp/Arb
(any Ramp symmetry)
8ns (worst case)
Pulse – Pulse
<4ns
PRBS – PRBS
<1ns or 0.1% of bit rate (whichever is greater)
Crosstalk (typical):
<80db

9
Cross channel trigger
Operating modes:
Either channel can be triggered by the other.
Sources:
Carrier, Modulation, Burst, Trigger, Sweep.
Outputs
Main Outputs
Output Impedance: 50Ω
Amplitude: 20mV to 20Vp−p open circuit (10mV to 10Vp−p into 50Ω). Amplitude can be
specified open circuit (hi Z) or into an assumed load of 1Ωto 10kΩin Vpp,
Vrms or dBm.
Amplitude Accuracy: 2% ±1mV at 1kHz into 50Ω.
DC Offset Range: ±10V. DC offset plus signal peak limited to ±10V from 50Ω.
DC Offset Accuracy: Typically 3% ±10mV.
Resolution: 3 digits or 1mV for both Amplitude and DC Offset.
Sync Outs
Multifunction output user definable or automatically selected to be any of the following:
Carrier Waveform
Sync:
Sine/Ramp/
Pulse
A square wave with 50% duty cycle at the waveform frequency.
Square A square wave with same duty cycle as the main output at the
waveform frequency.
Arbs A square wave with 50% duty cycle at the waveform frequency.
The sync is a TTL high when the first point of the waveform is
output.
Noise
No sync associated with noise.
PRBS A positive pulse which is 1 PRBS bit rate wide at the beginning
of the PRBS sequence
Modulation Sync: AM/FM/PM/
PWM/SUM A square wave with 50% duty cycle referenced to the internal modulation waveform when modulation source is internal, or a
square wave referenced to the carrier waveform when
modulation source is external. No sync is associated with noise
as the modulation source.
FSK A square wave referenced to the trigger rate. The sync is a TTL
high when hop frequency is the output frequency and TTL low
when carrier frequency is the output frequency for positive slope
and vice versa for negative slope.
BPSK A square wave referenced to the trigger rate. The sync is a TTL
high when the hop phase is the output phase and TTL low when
carrier phase is the output phase for positive slope and vice
versa for negative slope.
Burst Sync: A square wave that is a TTL high when the burst begins and a TTL low when
burst is completed.
Trigger: Selects the current trigger signal. Useful for synchronizing burst or gated
signals.

10
Sync Outs (Contd)
Sweep Sync: Marker Off A square wave that is a TTL high from the beginning of the
sweep and a TTL low from the midpoint of the sweep
Marker On A square wave that is a TTL high from the beginning of the
sweep and a TTL low from the marker frequency
Output Signal
Level:
Logic level nominally 3V.
Ref Clock Output
Buffered version of the 10MHz clock currently in use (internal or external)
Output Level:
Nominally 3V logic level from 50Ω.
Inputs
Trig In
Frequency Range:
DC −1MHz.
Signal Range:
Threshold nominally TTL level; maximum input ±10V.
Minimum Pulse Width:
50ns
Polarity:
Selectable as high/rising edge or low/falling edge.
Input Impedance:
10kΩ
External Modulation Input (forAM, FM, PM, PWM)
Voltage Range:
± 5V full scale
Input Impedance:
5kΩtypical
Bandwidth:
DC to 20kHz
Ref Clock Input
Input for an external 10MHz reference clock
Voltage Range:
1Vpp – 5Vpp
Maximum Voltage:
+5V
Minimum Voltage:
-1V
Phase Synchronising Two Generators
Two generators can be synchronised together to provide outputs at the same frequency (or
harmonics) and with a phase difference. The amplitude and phase of these outputs can also be
modulated providing the capability to perform QAM and QPSK respectively. It is also possible to
synchronise more than two generators but results are not guaranteed.
Carrier Waveforms:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb, Pulse, PRBS
Phase:
(except Pulse
& PRBS)
Range
-360.0 to +360.0 degrees
Resolution
0.1 degree
Accuracy
< ±5ns

11
Interfaces
Full digital remote control facilities are available through LAN, USB and optional GPIB interfaces.
LAN Interface
Ethernet 100/10base – T hardware connection. LXI Core 2011.
USB Interface
Standard USB 2.0 hardware connection. Implemented as virtual-COM port.
USB Flash Drive
For waveform and set-up storage/recall.
GPIB (optional)
Conforming with IEEE488.1 and IEEE488.2
General
Display: 256 x 112 pixel monochrome graphics display. White LED backlight with
adjustable brightness and contrast. Black-on-white or inverse modes.
Data Entry: Keyboard selection of mode, waveform etc.; value entry direct by numeric
keys or by rotary control.
Stored Settings: Up to 9 complete instrument set−ups may be stored and recalled from
non-volatile memory.
Size: Bench Top:
TG2511A/TG5011A - 97mm(H) x 250mm(W) x 270mm(L)
TG2512A/TG5012A - 97mm(H) x 250mm(W) x 295mm(L)
Rack mount:
TG2511A/TG5011A - 86.5mm (2U) x 213.5mm (½−rack) width x 244mm(L)
TG2512A/TG5012A - 86.5mm (2U) x 213.5mm (½−rack) width x 269mm(L)
Weight: TG2511A/TG5011A – 2.55kg
TG2512A/TG5012A - 2.7kg
Power: 110-240VAC ±10% 50/60Hz; 100-120VAC ±10% 400Hz; 60VA max.
Installation Category II.
Operating Range:
+5°C to 40°C, 20−80% RH.
Storage Range:
−20°C to + 60°C.
Environmental:
Indoor use at altitudes up to 2000m, Pollution Degree 2.
Options:
19 inch rack mounting kit.
Safety & EMC: Complies with EN61010-1 & EN61326-1.
For details, request the EU Declaration of Conformity for this instrument
via http://www.aimtti.com/support (serial no. needed).

12
Safety
This generator is a Safety Class I instrument according to IEC classification and has been designed
to meet the requirements of EN61010−1 (Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for
Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use). It is an Installation Category II instrument intended for
operation from a normal single phase supply.
This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010−1 and has been supplied in a safe
condition. This instruction manual contains some information and warnings which have to be
followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the instrument in a safe condition.
This instrument has been designed for indoor use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment in the
temperature range 5°C to 40°C, 20% −80% RH (non−condensing). It may occasionally be
subjected to temperatures between +5° and −10°C without degradation of its safety. Do not
operate while condensation is present.
Use of this instrument in a manner not specified by these instructions may impair the safety
protection provided. Do not operate the instrument outside its rated supply voltages or
environmental range.
WARNING! THIS INSTRUMENT MUST BE EARTHED
Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or outside the instrument will make the
instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. The protective action must not be
negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective conductor.
When the instrument is connected to its supply, terminals may be live and opening the covers or
removal of parts (except those to which access can be gained by hand) is likely to expose live parts.
The apparatus shall be disconnected from all voltage sources before it is opened for any
adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair.
Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened instrument under voltage shall be avoided
as far as possible and, if inevitable, shall be carried out only by a skilled person who is aware of the
hazard involved.
If the instrument is clearly defective, has been subject to mechanical damage, excessive moisture
or chemical corrosion the safety protection may be impaired and the apparatus should be
withdrawn from use and returned for checking and repair.
Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified type are used for
replacement. The use of makeshift fuses and the short−circuiting of fuse holders is prohibited.
This instrument uses a Lithium button cell for non−volatile memory battery back−up; typical life is 5
years. In the event of replacement becoming necessary, replace only with a cell of the correct type,
i.e. 3V Li/Mn0220mm button cell type 2032. Exhausted cells must be disposed of carefully in
accordance with local regulations; do not cut open, incinerate, expose to temperatures above 60°C
or attempt to recharge.
Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it and in particular use only a soft dry cloth to clean the
LCD window. The following symbols are used on the instrument and in this manual:−
Caution −refer to the accompanying documentation,
incorrect operation may damage the instrument.
terminal connected to chassis ground.
mains supply OFF.
l
mains supply ON.
alternating current.

13
Installation
Mains Operating Voltage
This instrument has a universal input range and will operate from a nominal 115V or 230V mains
supply without adjustment. Check that the local supply meets the AC input requirement given in the
Specification.
Mains Lead
Connect the instrument to the AC supply using the mains lead provided. Should a mains plug be
required for a different mains outlet socket, a suitably rated and approved mains lead set should be
used which is fitted with the required wall plug and an IEC60320 C13 connector for the instrument
end. To determine the minimum current rating of the lead-set for the intended AC supply, refer to
the power rating information on the equipment or in the Specification.
WARNING! THIS INSTRUMENT MUST BE EARTHED.
Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or outside the instrument will make the
instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Mounting
This instrument is suitable both for bench use and rack mounting. It is delivered with soft protective
front and rear bezels which have integral moulded feet; this is the most suitable configuration for
bench use.
For rack mounting the protective bezels and handle/stand can be removed such that the instrument
can be fitted beside any other standard 2U half-rack instrument in a 19” rack. A suitable 2U 19”
rack kit is available from the Manufacturers or their overseas agents; full details of how to remove
the handle and bezels are included with the kit.
Ventilation
The generator uses a small fan fitted to the rear panel. Take care not to restrict the rear air exit or
the inlet vents at the front (sides and underneath). In rack-mounted situations allow adequate
space around the instrument and/or use a fan tray for forced cooling.
Handle/stand
The instrument is fitted with a 4-position handle/stand. Pull out both sides of the handle at the case
pivot points, to free the position locking pegs, and rotate the handle from the stowed position to the
required stand or handle position. Release the sides of the handle to lock it in the new position.

14
Connections
Front Panel Connections
MAIN OUT (One for each channel)
This is the 50Ω output from main generator. It will provide up to 20V peak−to−peak e.m.f. which will
yield 10V peak−to−peak into a matched 50Ω load. To maintain waveform integrity only 50Ωcable
should be used and the receiving end should be terminated with a 50Ωload. It can tolerate a short
circuit for 60 seconds.
Do not apply an external voltage to this output.
SYNC OUT (One for each channel. Front mounted on TG5011A and TG2511A only)
Multifunction output which is user definable or automatically set to be any of the following:
Carrier
Waveform Sync:
Sine/Ramp/Pulse A square wave with 50% duty cycle at the waveform
frequency.
Square A square wave with same duty cycle as the main output at
the waveform frequency.
Arbs A square wave with 50% duty cycle at the waveform
frequency. The sync is a TTL high when the first point of
the waveform is output.
Noise
No sync output is associated with noise.
PRBS A positive pulse which is 1 PRBS bit rate wide at the
beginning of the PRBS sequence
Modulation Sync: AM/FM/PM/PWM/
SUM A square wave with 50% duty cycle referenced to the internal modulation waveform when modulation source is
internal, or a square wave referenced to the carrier
waveform when modulation source is external. No sync is
associated with noise as the modulation source.
FSK A square wave referenced to the trigger rate. The sync is a
TTL high when hop frequency is the output frequency and
TTL low when carrier frequency is the output frequency for
positive slope and vice versa for negative slope.
BPSK A square wave referenced to the trigger rate. The sync is a
TTL high when the hop phase is the output phase and TTL
low when carrier phase is the output phase for positive
slope and vice versa for negative slope.
Burst Sync: A square wave that is a TTL high when the burst begins and a TTL low when
burst is completed.
Trigger: Outputs the current trigger signal. Useful for synchronizing burst or gated
signals.
Sweep Sync: Marker Off A square wave that is a TTL high from the beginning of the
sweep and a TTL low from the midpoint of the sweep
Marker On .A square wave that is a TTL high from the beginning of
the sweep and a TTL low from the marker frequency
Output Signal
Level:
Logic level nominally 3V.
Do not apply an external voltage to this output.

15
FLASH DRIVE
This is a USB Host port for the connection of most types of flash drive which conform to the Mass
Storage Class specification. The instrument will accept drives formatted with the FAT16 or FAT32
filing systems. This port does not support any other class of device.
Rear Panel Connections
SYNC OUT (Rear mounted on TG5012A and TG2512A. One for each channel)
See Front Panel section for a full description.
MOD IN
This is the external modulation input socket for AM, FM, PM, SUM, BPSK or PWM. Full-scale input
is ±5V, frequency DC to 20kHz.
Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±5V.
10MHz REF IN
Input for an external 10MHz reference clock. Input range 1Vpp – 5Vpp.
Do not apply external voltages exceeding + 5V or –1V to this signal connection.
10MHz REF OUT
Buffered version of the 10MHz clock currently in use (internal or external). Output level nominally
3V logic from 50Ω.
Do not apply external voltages to this output.
TRIG IN
This is the external input for Trigger, Gate and Sweep operations. It is also the input used to
synchronise the generator (as a slave) to another (which is the master).
Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±10V.
LAN The LAN interface is designed to meet LXI (Lan eXtensions for Instrumentation) Core 2011.
Remote control using the LAN interface is possible using the TCP/IP Socket protocol. The
instrument also contains a basic Web server which provides information on the unit and allows it to
be configured. Since it is possible to misconfigure the LAN interface, making it impossible to
communicate with the instrument over LAN, a LAN Configuration Initialise (LCI) mechanism is
provided via the user interface to reset the unit to the factory default.
Further details are given in the Remote Operation chapter. For more information on LXI standards
refer to www.lxistandard.org
USB The USB port is connected to instrument ground. It accepts a standard USB cable. If the USB
driver has been installed from the CD, the Windows plug-and-play function should automatically
recognise that the instrument has been connected. See the USB folder on the CD for information
on installing the driver on a PC.
GPIB (IEEE
−
488) - optional
The GPIB interface is not isolated; the GPIB signal grounds are connected to the instrument
ground.
The implemented subsets are:
SH1 AH1 T6 TE0 L4 LE0 SR1 RL1 PP1 DC1 DT1 C0 E2
The default GPIB address is 5.

16
General
Initial Operation
This section is a general introduction to the organisation of the instrument and is intended to be
read before using the generator for the first time. Detailed operation is covered in later sections
starting with Continuous Carrier Waveform Operation.
In this manual front panel keys and sockets are shown in capitals, e.g. SWEEP, SYNC OUT; all
soft−key labels, entry fields and messages displayed on the LCD are shown in a different type−font,
e.g. Offset, Sine.
Where, for example, ARB-Load-BuiltIn2-Square appears it means press the specified
keys in order. In this case press the ARB key then the Load soft-key then the BuiltIn2
soft-key then the Square soft-key
Switching On
The power switch is located at the bottom left of the front panel. To fully disconnect from the AC
supply unplug the mains cord from the back of the instrument or switch off at the AC supply outlet;
make sure that the means of disconnection is readily accessible. Disconnect from the AC supply
when not in use.
At power up the generator displays a start-up message whilst initialising the application; if an error
is encountered the message
Firmware Update / Battery Fail. Initialised to factory default
state.
will be displayed, see the Warnings and Error Messages section.
Loading takes a few seconds, after which the carrier waveform set-up screen is displayed, showing
the generator parameters set to their default values, with the MAIN OUT output set off. Refer to the
Utility Operations section for how to change the power up settings to either those at power down or
to the defaults.
Change the basic generator parameters as described in the Continuous Carrier Waveform
Operation section and switch the output on with the OUTPUT key; the key will glow green to show
that the output is on.
Keyboard
The front panel contains the liquid crystal display (LCD) and the keyboard which are used together
to control all instrument functions.
The keys are grouped as follows:
•Six soft keys under the display. The function of these keys change as the instrument is operated.
The current function is shown on the LCD in a box above each key. An empty box means that
the key currently has no function.
•Numeric keys permit direct entry of a value for the parameter currently selected.
•Six keys under the soft keys select the carrier waveform from SINE, SQUARE, RAMP, PULSE,
NOISE/PRBS and ARB. The selected key glows green. Selecting any of these waveforms will
cancel the previously selected waveform.
•Three keys to select the operating mode from MOD (modulation), SWEEP and BURST. The
selected key glows yellow. If all keys are unlit the mode will be continuous carrier wave.
•The OUTPUT key(s) open the Output Settings menu which allows the parameters for the
selected channel to be edited. Subsequent presses of the key simply switch the selected MAIN
OUT on or off. The key glows green when the output is on. A two channel instrument has two
OUTPUT keys, one for each channel and an additional key between these marked CH1/2 which
is used to select between the channels for parameter editing; the selected channel is indicated at
the top left of the Status Line. See the Display section for a description of the Status Line.

17
•TRIGGER/LOCAL key. Used to enter the Trigger menu where the instrument trigger parameters
may be specified. This key is also used on a dual channel instrument to return to local from
remote mode.
•UTILITY key gives access to menus for a variety of functions such as SYNC OUT set−up,
power−up parameters and error message settings.
•STORES key allows access to the built in storage for waveforms and set-ups and to a connected
flash drive.
•KNOB and left and right cursor keys. Used during numeric entry. The left and right keys move
the edit position left or right and the knob increments or decrements the value of the selected
digit.
•The HELP/ LOCAL key, available on a single channel instrument, gives direct access to the
complete help system. On a dual channel instrument the help system is accessed from the Utility
menu. However, context sensitive help can be obtained for any key, including soft-keys, by
holding the key down for 2 seconds. This key is also used on a single channel instrument to
return to local from remote mode.
Further explanations will be found in the detailed descriptions of the generator’s operation.
Display
All parameter settings are displayed on the 256 x 112 pixel backlit liquid crystal display (LCD). The
most common type of display layout is shown below:
The Status Line indicates the status of the instrument as follows:
•The field is blank on a single channel instrument. On a dual channel instrument it
indicates which channel is currently selected for editing. As shown above, channel 1 is
selected. If the channels are Tracking the field will change to . If the channels are
Tracking with inversion the field will show .
•The field indicates which clock source the instrument is using. As shown, the clock
source is internal. If the source is external the field will change to .
•The field indicates the status of the Local Area Network interface. As shown, there is
no LAN connection. When connected the field will change to . While a connection is
being established the indicator will flash. If the Lan is connected but not enabled the field will
show as . See the remote control sections for more detailed information.
•The field indicates the status of the two USB ports. The left icon is the flash drive
and the right icon is the device port for instrument remote control. As shown there is a flash
drive inserted but the device port is idle. With the device active the field will show .
Activity on either port will cause the corresponding icon to flash.
Parameters Box
Status Line
Graph Box
Edit Box
Soft-key Labels
Status Line
Single channel

18
•The Field shows the GPIB port status. As shown, the port is disabled. When the port
is enabled the field will show . During GPIB remote control the icon will flash. If GPIB is not
fitted to the instrument the field will be blank.
•The area on the extreme right will show REM when the instrument is in remote state with
the keyboard locked. To regain keyboard control press the LOCAL key.
Below the Status Line are two boxes which show how the instrument is currently operating.
•The Parameters Box on the left shows the settings of all the carrier waveform parameters
for the selected channel. These include FCN (function), FRQ (frequency), AMP (amplitude),
OFS (offset) and OUT (output state). This information will be updated as the parameters are
edited. While any of the modes, for example Sweep, are being edited the fields will temporarily
change to show the additional parameters for that mode. See the respective sections on mode
editing.
•The Graph Box on the right shows a representation of the waveform which the instrument is
generating on the selected channel. The parameter currently being edited is indicated by arrows.
The lower part of the display contains the Edit Box which shows the value of the parameter
currently being edited on the selected channel. This will be a numeric value or a parameter string.
Under the Edit Box are the current Soft-key Labels which change as editing proceeds.
The Status Line and the Soft-key Labels are always shown on the LCD. The section between these
areas will sometimes change in appearance, for example when displaying help.
A Pop-up Box may also appear to provide error or warning messages or to give other information to
the user. See Appendix 1: Information, Warning and Error Messages for a full list of messages.
Editing Principles
The instrument parameters are edited using the keyboard in conjunction with the Soft-key Labels
and the Edit Box.
Generally, the required parameter is selected by pressing waveform keys, modulation keys or soft-
keys or a combination of these to show the parameter in the Edit Box. The parameter is then edited
using the numeric keys, the soft-keys, the knob and cursor keys or a combination of these.
Example 1: Press the SQUARE key to select square-wave then press the Duty soft-key to select
the square-wave duty cycle parameter which will show in the Edit Box. Now use the numeric keys
and Soft-keys to change the parameter as described in Numeric Editing.
Example 2: Press the SINE key to select sinewave then press the MOD key to turn on modulation.
Press the Type soft-key to select the modulation type parameter. Now use the soft-keys to select
the required type from AM, FM, PM, FSK, SUM or BPSK.
Example 3: Press the ARB key followed by the Params soft-key then the Load soft-key then the
BuiltIn1 soft-key. Now select one of the built in waveforms from the soft-keys. The Edit Box
will show the loaded waveform.
In example 3 notice the last two soft keys and Done. These keys often appear when editing
and they always perform the same function.
The key is known as BACK and will move the soft-key labels and Edit Box up one level in the
hierarchy; in this example the status will go back to just before the BuiltIn1 soft-key was pressed.
The Done key will move back to the top level in the hierarchy; in this example the status will go
back to just after the Arb key was pressed.

19
Numeric Editing
Any numeric parameter may be changed in one of the following ways:
•Enter a new value from the numeric key pad.
•Use the left and right cursor keys to select a digit position then use the knob to
increment/decrement the value at that position.
Examples of each method are shown below.
Using the Numeric Key Pad
Pressing a number key will erase the current parameter value in the Edit Box and replace it with the
current entry. The Soft-key Labels will also change to a list of units applicable to the parameter
being edited. The examples below show frequency units and period (time) units respectively.
During the numeric data entry a decimal point and, if appropriate, a sign may be entered. The +/-
key is used to alternately change the sign between + and –. The left cursor key may be used to
erase the last digit entered. The entry may be cancelled by pressing the Cancel key
Once the entry is complete it may be terminated by pressing the soft-key below the required units.
The value will be checked and accepted as the new value for the relevant parameter.
Using the Knob and Cursor Keys
A numeric parameter will be displayed with an inverse edit cursor over one of the digits. The left and
right cursor keys may be used to move the edit cursor to any digit in the value. Values are always
shown with enough digits to the right of the decimal point to show the best resolution for the
parameter. For example the right-most digit in a frequency value will be µHz. Depending on the
actual value one or more digits to the left of the most significant digit displayed may be zero and will
not be shown. It is possible to move the edit cursor into these digit positions and the suppressed
zeros will be shown as in the example below.
With the edit cursor positioned at the required digit the knob may be rotated left or right to
decrement or increment the digit. As the value passes between 9 and 0 the digits to the left will also
change. In this way it is possible to set any legal value for the parameter.
Changes made by turning the knob are applied immediately to the parameter as long as the value
remains legal.
Display Contrast and Brightness
The LCD contrast may vary a little with changes of ambient temperature or viewing angle but can
be optimised for a particular environment by using the contrast and brightness controls. Refer to the
Utility Operations section for how to change the contrast and brightness.