Alfalaval Unique SSV PN10 User manual

ESE00674-EN112022-11
Originalmanual
InstructionManual
UniqueSingleSeatValve-ATEXStandardandReverseActing

Tableofcontents
Theinformationhereiniscorrectatthetimeofissuebutmaybesubjecttochangewithoutpriornotice
1.DeclarationsofConformity.................................................................4
2.Safety..........................................................................................6
2.1.Importantinformation.............................................................................6
2.2.Warningsigns.....................................................................................6
2.3.Safetprecautions................................................................................7
3.Installation....................................................................................11
3.1.Unpacking/deliver...............................................................................11
3.2.Generalinstallation................................................................................13
3.3.Welding............................................................................................15
3.4.Recclinginformation.............................................................................16
4.Operation.....................................................................................17
4.1.Operation..........................................................................................17
4.2.Troubleshooting...................................................................................19
4.3.Recommendedcleaning.........................................................................20
5.Maintenance..................................................................................22
5.1.Generalmaintenance.............................................................................22
5.2.Dismantlingthevalve.............................................................................24
5.3.Plugsealreplacement............................................................................26
5.4.Valveassembl....................................................................................29
5.5.Actuatorbushingreplacement(non-maintainableactuator)..................................30
6.Technicaldata................................................................................35
6.1.Technicaldata.....................................................................................35
7.Partslistandservicekits...................................................................37
7.1.Drawing-UniqueSingleSeatValve-ATEX....................................................37
7.2.UniqueSingleSeatValve-ATEX-shut-off....................................................38
7.3.UniqueSingleSeatValve-ATEX-change-over...............................................40
7.4.DrawingUniqueSingleSeatValve-ATEX-ReverseActing.................................43
7.5.UniqueSingleSeatValve-ATEX-ReverseActing-shut-off................................44
7.6.UniqueSingleSeatValve-ATEX-ReverseActing-change-over...........................46
3

1DeclarationsofConformity
EU EU
EUDeclaration Declaration Declarationof of ofConformit Conformit Conformit
TheDesignatedCompan
AlfaLavalKoldingA/S,Albuen31,DK-6000Kolding,Denmark,[phone]
Companname,addressandphonenumber
Herebdeclarethat
Valve
Designation
UniqueSSVPN10
Tpe
Serialnumberfrom1000000to70000000000
isinconformitwiththefollowingdirectiveswithamendments:
-MachinerDirective2006/42/EC
-PressureEquipmentDirective2014/68/EUcategor1andsubjectedtoassessmentprocedureModuleA
-ATEXdirective2014/34/EU
TheNotifiedBodNB.0044willretainthisDeclarationofConformitTÛV-Nordtechnicalfileno.:TÜV08ATEX8000365231
Thepersonauthorisedtocompilethetechnicalfileisthesignerofthisdocument.
GlobalProductQualitManagerLarsKruseAndersen
TitleName
Kolding,Denmark2022–11–07
PlaceDate(YYYY-MM-DD)Signature
ThisDeclarationofConformitreplacesDeclarationofConformitdated2018-04-01
4

1DeclarationsofConformity
UK UK
UKDeclaration Declaration Declarationof of ofConformit Conformit Conformit
TheDesignatedCompan
AlfaLavalKoldingA/S,Albuen31,DK-6000Kolding,Denmark,[phone]
Companname,addressandphonenumber
Herebdeclarethat
Valve
Designation
UniqueSSVPN10
Tpe
Serialnumberfrom1000000to70000000000
isinconformitwiththefollowingdirectiveswithamendments:
-TheSupplofMachiner(Safet)Regulations2008
-ThePressureEquipment(Safet)Regulations2016categor1andsubjectedtoassessmentprocedureModuleA
-TheEquipmentandProtectiveSstemsIntendedforuseinPotentiallExplosiveAtmospheresRegulations2016
TheNotifiedBodNB.0044willretainthisDeclarationofConformitTÛV-Nordtechnicalfileno.:TÜV08ATEX8000365231
Signedonbehalfof:AlfaLavalKoldingA/S
GlobalProductQualitManagerLarsKruseAndersen
TitleName
Kolding,Denmark2022–11–07
PlaceDate(YYYY-MM-DD)Signature
DoCRevison_01_112022
5

2Safety
Unsafepracticesandotherimportantinformationareemphasisedinthismanual.
Warningsareemphasisedbymeansofspecialsigns.
2.1Importantinformation
Alwas Alwas
Alwasr r read ead eadthe the themanual manual manualbefor befor before e eusing using usingthe the thevalve! valve! valve!
W W
WARNING ARNING ARNING
Indicatesthatspecialproceduresmustbefollowedtoavoidseriouspersonalinjur.
CAUTION CAUTION
CAUTION
Indicatesthatspecialproceduresmustbefollowedtoavoiddamagetothevalve.
NOTE NOTE
NOTE
Indicatesimportantinformationtosimpliforclarifprocedures.
2.2Warningsigns
Generalwarning
Causticagents
Dangerofinjur:(anextraellowlabelmarkedontheactuatorfromJune2016)
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttocuttheactuatoropenduetospringunderload.
(Thelockwireopeningislocked).
Dangerofinjur(lasermarkedontheactuator)
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttodisassembletheactuatorduetospringunderloaddanger!
(Thelockwireopeningislocked)
6

2Safety
Allwarningsinthismanualaresummarisedonthispage.
Payspecialattentiontothisinstructionsbelowsothatseverepersonalinjuryand/ordamagetothevalveareavoided.
2.3Safetyprecautions
Actuators Actuators
Actuators
Ifsupportairisutilised:
-ShockintheactuatormustNEVER NEVER
NEVERoccur
-SupportaironhighpressureactuatorversionsisNOT NOT
NOTallowed
Topreventshockintheactuatorandtopreventexceeding10bar/145PSIproductpressure,AlfaLavalrecommendsNOT NOT
NOTto
exceed3bar/43.5PSIsupportaironthespringsideinalltheUniqueSSVactuators.
Ifsupportairisconnectedalwasusethe3bar/43.5PSIairrelieffittings=9611995903.
Usingtheairrelieffittingalsoextendstheservicelifeoftheactuatorpistono-ring.
Pos. Pos.
Pos.no. no. no.5 5 5
Foractuators,manufacturedear2005-2018,withserialnumber
from1000000-5999999andfrom20000000000-59999999999
alwasusesteeladapter(pos5)=9614065301
Tightentorque=30Nm
Pos. Pos.
Pos.no. no. no.5 5 5
Foractuators,manufacturedear2019-->with
serialnumberfrom6000000to7000000andfrom
60000000000to70000000000alwasusesteel
adapter(pos5)=9615374701
Tightentorque=15Nm
Pos. Pos.
Pos.no. no. no.5 5 5
Foractuators,manufacturedear2005-2018,withserialnumberfrom1000000-5999999
andfrom20000000000-59999999999alwasusesteeladapter(pos5)=9614065301
Tightentorque=30Nm
Pos. Pos.
Pos.no. no. no.5 5 5
Foractuators,manufacturedear2019-->withserialnumberfrom6000000to7000000and
from60000000000to70000000000alwasusesteeladapter(pos5)=9615374701
Tightentorque=15Nm
7

2Safety
Allwarningsinthismanualaresummarisedonthispage.
Payspecialattentiontothisinstructionsbelowsothatseverepersonalinjuryand/ordamagetothevalveareavoided.
AlfaLavalrecommendsmax.3barsupportair
Alwasusethe“3barairrelieffittings”onsupportair.
AlfaLavalarticlenumber=9611995903
8

2Safety
Allwarningsinthismanualaresummarisedonthispage.
Payspecialattentiontothisinstructionsbelowsothatseverepersonalinjuryand/ordamagetothevalveareavoided.
GENERAL GENERAL
GENERAL
Alwas Alwas
Alwasensurethatpersonnelmusthaveexperiencewithliftingoperations.
Alwas Alwas
Alwasensuretheliftingpointtobeinlinewithcenterofgravit.Adjustliftingpointifnecessar.
Alwas Alwas
Alwaskeepaneeontheloadandstaclearduringtheliftingoperation.
Alwas Alwas
Alwasensurethattheliftingequipmentissuitableforthespecificsuppliedproduct.
Alwas Alwas
Alwasuseappropriateliftingequipmentforheavpartswhenrelevant.Useliftinglogswhenavailable.
INST INST
INSTALLA ALLA ALLATION TION TION
Alwas Alwas
Alwasreadthetechnicaldatathoroughl(seesection6Technicaldata)
Alwas Alwas
Alwasreleasecompressedairafteruse
Never Never
Nevertouchmovingpartsiftheactuatorissuppliedwithcompressedair
Never Never
Nevertouchthevalveorthepipelineswhenprocessinghotliquidsorwhensterilising
Never Never
Neverdismantlethevalvewithvalveandpipelinesunderpressure
Never Never
Neverdismantlethevalvewhenitishot
Never Never
Nevercuttheactuatoropen,duetospringunderload-ifmarkedwiththiswarning
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttodisassembletheactuatorduetospringunderloaddanger!
OPERA OPERA
OPERATION TION TION
Never Never
Neverdismantlethevalvewithvalveandpipelinesunderpressure
Never Never
Neverdismantlethevalvewhenitishot
Alwas Alwas
Alwasreadthetechnicaldatathoroughl(seesection6Technicaldata)
Alwas Alwas
Alwasreleasecompressedairafteruse
Never Never
Nevertouchthevalveorthepipelineswhenprocessinghotliquidsorwhensterilising
Never Never
Nevertouchmovingpartsiftheactuatorissuppliedwithcompressedair
Alwas Alwas
Alwasrinsewellwithcleanwateraftercleaning
Alwas Alwas
Alwashandleleandacidwithgreatcare
NOTE NOTE
NOTE
Alwas Alwas
Alwasfollowtheinstructionsinthesafetdatasheetsfromthesuppliersofcleaningagents,detergents,
oilsetc.
MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE
Alwas Alwas
Alwasreadthetechnicaldatathoroughl(seesection6Technicaldata)
Alwas Alwas
Alwasreleasecompressedairafteruse
Never Never
Neverservicethevalvewhenitishot
Never Never
Neverservicethevalvewithvalveandpipelinesunderpressure
Never Never
Neverstickourfingersthroughthevalveportsiftheactuatorissuppliedwithcompressedair
Never Never
Nevertouchmovingpartsiftheactuatorissuppliedwithcompressedair
Alwas Alwas
AlwasuseAlfaLavalgenuinespareparts
Never Never
Nevercuttheactuatoropen,duetospringunderloaddanger-ifmarkedwiththiswarning
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttodisassembletheactuatorduetospringunderloaddanger!
9

2Safety
Allwarningsinthismanualaresummarisedonthispage.
Payspecialattentiontothisinstructionsbelowsothatseverepersonalinjuryand/ordamagetothevalveareavoided.
TRANSPOR TRANSPOR
TRANSPORT T TA A ATION TION TION
Alwas Alwas
Alwasensurethatcompressedairisreleased
Alwas Alwas
Alwasensurethatallconnectionsaredisconnectedbeforeattemptingtoremovethevalvefromthe
installation
Alwas Alwas
Alwasdrainliquidoutofthevalvesbeforetransportation
Alwas Alwas
Alwasusepredesignedliftingpointsifdefined
Alwas Alwas
Alwasensuresufficientfixingofthevalveduringtransportation-ifspecialldesignedpackagingmaterial
isavailable,itmustbeused.
10

3Installation
Theinstructionmanualispartofthedelivery.Studytheinstructionscarefully.
Theitemsrefertopartslistandservicekitssection.
Thevalveissuppliedasseparatepartsasstandardforwelding).
Thevalveisassembledbeforedelivery,ifitissuppliedwithfittings.
3.1Unpacking/delivery
Step Step
Step1 1 1
CAUTION CAUTION
CAUTION
AlfaLavalcannotbeheldresponsibleforincorrectunpacking.
Check Check
Checkthe the thedeliver deliver deliverfor: for: for:
1.Completevalve,shut-offvalve(RA)orchange-over
valve(RA)(seesteps2a,2b,2cand2d).
2.Delivernote.
Step Step
Step2 2 2
2a 2a
2a
Shut Shut
Shut- - -of of off f fvalve: valve: valve:
1.Completeactuator.
2.Bonnet(20).
3.Clamp(19).
4.Valveplug(23).
5.Valvebod(22).
6.Groundwire(64).
2b 2b
2b
Change Change
Change- - -over over overvalve: valve: valve:
1.Completeactuator.
2.Bonnet(20).
3.2xclamps(19).
4.Valveplug(27).
5.Lowervalvebod(22).
6.Valveseat(28).
7.Uppervalvebod(26).
8.Groundwire(64).
2c 2c
2c
Shut Shut
Shut- - -of of off f fvalve valve valve- - -Reverse Reverse ReverseActing: Acting: Acting:
1.Completeactuator.
2.Bonnet(20).
3.3xclamps(19).
4.Valveplug(23).
5.2xuppervalvebodies(26).
6.Valveseat(28).
7.Lowerbonnet(33).
8.Groundwire(64).
11

3Installation
Theinstructionmanualispartofthedelivery.Studytheinstructionscarefully.
Theitemsrefertopartslistandservicekitssection.
Thevalveissuppliedasseparatepartsasstandardforwelding).
Thevalveisassembledbeforedelivery,ifitissuppliedwithfittings.
2d 2d
2d
Change Change
Change- - -over over overvalve valve valve- - -Reverse Reverse ReverseActing: Acting: Acting:
1.Completeactuator.
2.Bonnet(20).
3.4xclamps(19).
4.Uppervalveplug(34).
5.Lowervalveplug(35).
6.3xuppervalvebodies(26).
7.2xvalveseats(28).
8.Lowerbonnet(33).
9.Groundwire(64).
Step Step
Step3 3 3
Removepossiblepackingmaterialsfromthevalve/valveparts.
Inspectthevalve/valvepartsforvisibletransportdamage.
Avoiddamagingthevalve/valveparts.
12

3Installation
Studytheinstructionscarefullyandpayspecialattentiontothewarnings!
Thevalvehasweldingendsasstandardbutcanalsobesuppliedwithfittings.
3.2Generalinstallation
Step Step
Step1 1 1
-CAUTION CAUTION
CAUTION
AlfaLavalcannotbeheldresponsibleforincorrectinstallation.
-Alwas Alwas
Alwasreleasecompressedairafteruse.
-Alwas Alwas
Alwasreadthetechnicaldatathoroughl.
Seesection6Technicaldata.
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttodisassembletheactuatordueto
springunderloaddanger!
Ifmarkedwiththiswarning,doNOT NOT
NOTattempttocut
theactuatoropen,duetospringunderloaddanger!
Step Step
Step2 2 2
Never Never
Nevertouchmovingpartsiftheactuatorissuppliedwith
compressedair.
Air
Moving Moving
Movingparts! parts! parts!
Air
Step Step
Step3 3 3
Toavoidwaterhammering,itisrecommendedtoinstallthevalve
sothattheflowisagainstthespringclosingdirection.
Shockintheactuatormustnever never
neveroccur.
A A
Avoid void voidwater water water
hammering! hammering!
hammering!
Air
Flow
Flow
13

3Installation
Studytheinstructionscarefullyandpayspecialattentiontothewarnings!
Thevalvehasweldingendsasstandardbutcanalsobesuppliedwithfittings.
Step Step
Step4 4 4
Paspecialattentiontoshockintheactuatorduetosupportair.
Shockintheactuatormustnever never
neveroccur.
*
)
Carefulifusingsupportaironspringsideandahighproduct
pressureabovetheplug,asthiscanresultinahigh“hammer
effect”whichcandamagetheactuator.
UseAlfaLavalpartno.9611995903,whichensuresmax.3
barsupportairpressure.
Alternativelremovetheproductpressurewhileactivatingthe
plug.
Air
(Air)
Productpressure
Step Step
Step5 5 5
-Vibrations.
-Thermalexpansionofthepipelines.
-Excessivewelding.
-Overloadingofthepipelines.Risk Risk
Riskof of ofdamage! damage! damage!
Step Step
Step6 6 6
Makesurethattheleakdetectionholeinthevalvebod:
1.isvisible,whenmountingthevalveverticall
2.alwasisdownwardsduetoself-draining,whenthevalveismountedhorizontall.
*=Leakagedetectionhole
14

3Installation
Studytheinstructionscarefully.
Thevalveissuppliedasseparatepartstofacilitatethewelding.
Theitemsrefertothepartslistandservicekitssection.
Checkthevalveforsmoothoperationafterwelding.
3.3Welding
Step Step
Step1 1 1
Alwas Alwas
Alwasinstallvalveswithmorethanonevalvebodsothatthe
sealsbetweenthevalvebodiescanbereplaced.Donotweld
morethanonevalvebodintothesstem.Itisrecommendedto
fitsufficientclamps/unionstobeabletodisassemblethevalve
forservicing.
Valve Valve
Valvesize size sizeA A
A(mm) (mm) (mm)B B B(mm) (mm) (mm)
DN25/25mm*630
DN40/38mm*700
DN50/51mm*750
DN65/63.5mm*740
DN80/76mm*800
DN100/101.6mm*790
*Dependingonbodcombinationandpipingsolution.
B(incl.topunit)
A*
Step Step
Step2 2 2
Assemblethevalveinaccordancewiththestepsonpage29.
Pa Pa
Paspecial special specialattention attention attentionto to tothe the thewar war warnings! nings! nings!
Step Step
Step3 3 3
Pr Pr
Pre e e- - -use use usecheck: check: check:
1.Supplcompressedairtotheactuator.
2.Openandclosethevalveseveraltimestoensurethatit
operatessmoothl.
Pa Pa
Paspecial special specialattention attention attentionto to tothe the thewar war warnings! nings! nings!
Air
Air
Open/close!
15

3Installation
Studytheinstructionscarefully.
Thevalveissuppliedasseparatepartstofacilitatethewelding.
Theitemsrefertothepartslistandservicekitssection.
Checkthevalveforsmoothoperationafterwelding.
Step Step
Step4 4 4
Makesurethegroundwirehaselectricalconnectiontoplugandactuator.
Allconductingpartsorequipmentmustbearrangedtoavoidthatadangerouspotentialdifferencecanexistbetweenthem.
Ifthereisapossibilitofisolatedmetalpartsbecomingchargedandactingasanignitionsource,thenearthingterminals
mustbeprovided.
3.4Recyclinginformation
Unpacking Unpacking
Unpacking
-Packingmaterialconsistsofwood,plastics,cardboardboxesandinsomecasesmetalstraps
-Woodandcardboardboxescanbere-used,reccledorusedforenergrecover
-Plasticsshouldbereccledorburntatalicensedwasteincinerationplant
-Metalstrapsshouldbesentformaterialreccling
Maintenance Maintenance
Maintenance
-Duringmaintenance,oilandwearingpartsinthemachinearereplaced
-Allmetalpartsshouldbesentformaterialreccling
-Wornoutordefectiveelectronicpartsshouldbesenttoalicensedhandlerformaterialreccling
-Oilandallnon-metalwearpartsmustbedisposedoffinagreementwithlocalregulations
Scrapping Scrapping
Scrapping
-Atendofuse,theequipmentmustbereccledaccordingtotherelevant,localregulations.Besidestheequipmentitself,an
hazardousresiduesfromtheprocessliquidmustbeconsideredanddealtwithinapropermanner.Whenindoubt,orinthe
absenceoflocalregulations,pleasecontactourlocalAlfaLavalsalescompan
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttodisassembletheactuatorduetospringunderloaddanger!
Ifmarkedwiththiswarning,doNOT NOT
NOTattempttocuttheactuatoropen,duetospringunderloaddanger!
16

4Operation
Studytheinstructionscarefullyandpayspecialattentiontothewarnings!
Ensurethatthevalveoperatessmoothly.
Theitemsrefertothepartslistandservicekitssection.
4.1Operation
Step Step
Step1 1 1
-CAUTION CAUTION
CAUTION
AlfaLavalcannotbeheldresponsibleforincorrectinstallation.
-Alwas Alwas
Alwasreleasecompressedairafteruse.
-Alwas Alwas
Alwasreadthetechnicaldatathoroughl.
Seesection6Technicaldata.
-Alwas Alwas
AlwasuseAlfaLavalgenuinespareparts.
ThewarrantofAlfaLavalproductsisdependentonuseof
AlfaLavalgenuinespareparts.
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttodisassembletheactuatordueto
springunderloaddanger!
Ifmarkedwiththiswarning,doNOT NOT
NOTattempttocut
theactuatoropen,duetospringunderloaddanger!
Step Step
Step2 2 2
Never Never
Nevertouchthevalveorthepipelineswhenprocessinghot
liquidsorwhensterilising.
Bur Bur
Burn n nhazar hazar hazard! d! d!
Step Step
Step3 3 3
Never Never
Nevertouchmovingpartsiftheactuatorissuppliedwith
compressedair.
Air
Moving Moving
Movingparts! parts! parts!
Air
17

4Operation
Studytheinstructionscarefullyandpayspecialattentiontothewarnings!
Ensurethatthevalveoperatessmoothly.
Theitemsrefertothepartslistandservicekitssection.
Step Step
Step4 4 4
Lubrication Lubrication
Lubricationof of ofvalves: valves: valves:
1.Ensuresmoothmovementbetweenlipseal(25)and
plugstem(23,27).
2.LubricatethelipsealwithKlüberParaliqGTE703ifnecessar
(seepage22).
Shut-offvalveChange-overvalve
Step Step
Step5 5 5
Lubrication Lubrication
Lubricationof of ofactuator actuator actuator
1.Ensuresmoothmovementoftheactuator(theactuatoris
lubricatedbeforedeliver).
2.LubricateallsealswithMolkoteLongterm2plusifnecessar.
18

4Operation
Payattentiontopossiblefaults.Studytheinstructionscarefully.
Theitemsrefertothepartslistandservicekitssection.
4.2Troubleshooting
NOTE! NOTE!
NOTE!
Studthemaintenanceinstructionscarefullbeforereplacingwornparts-seepage22.
Pr Pr
Problem oblem oblemCause/r Cause/r
Cause/result esult esultRepair Repair
Repair
ExternalproductleakageWornordamagedlip
sealand/orO-ring
-Replacetheseals
-Replacewithsealsofa
differentrubbergrade
Internalproductleakage-Wornorproductaffected
plugseal-Replacetheseal -Replacewithasealofa
differentrubbergrade
-Productdepositson
theseatand/orplug-Frequentcleaning
-Productpressureexceeds
actuatorspecification-Replacewithahighpressureactuator -Useauxiliaraironthespringside
(donotexceed3bar/43.5PSI).Alfa
Lavalarticlenumber=9611995903.
Seesection2.3Safetprecautions
andsection3.2Generalinstallation
,Step4
-Reduceproductpressure
WaterhammerTheflowdirectionisthe
sameastheclosingdirection
-Theflowdirectionshouldbe
againsttheclosingdirection.See
section3.2Generalinstallation,Step
3
-Throttleairreleaseofsolenoidin
topunit
Thevalvedoesnot
open/close
Productpressureexceeds
actuatorspecification
-Replacewithahighpressureactuator
-Reduceproductpressure
-Useauxiliaraironthespringside.
Alwasusethepressurerelieffittings
(3bar/43.5PSI)onsupportside.
AlfaLavalarticlenumber=
9611995903
Ifmarkedwithadangerwarning,doNOT NOT
NOTattempttocuttheactuatoropen,duetospringunderload.
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttodisassembletheactuatorduetospringunderloaddanger!
DoNOT NOT
NOTattempttocuttheactuatoropenduetospringunderloaddanger!
19

4Operation
ThevalveisdesignedforcleaninginplaceCIP).
Studytheinstructionscarefullyandpayspecialattentiontothewarnings!
NaOH=CausticSoda.
HNO3=Nitricacid.
4.3Recommendedcleaning
Step Step
Step1 1 1
Alwas Alwas
Alwashandleleandacidwithgreatcare.
Caustic Caustic
Causticdanger! danger! danger!
Alwas Alwas
Alwasuse
rubbergloves!
Alwas Alwas
Alwasuse
protectivegoggles!
Step Step
Step2 2 2
Never Never
Nevertouchthevalveorthepipelineswhensterilising.
Bur Bur
Burn n nhazar hazar hazard! d! d!
Step Step
Step3 3 3
Cleantheplugandtheseatscorrectl.
Pa Pa
Paspecial special specialattention attention attentionto to tothe the thewar war warnings! nings! nings!
Lift Lift
Liftand and andlower lower lowervalve valve valveplug plug plugmomentaril momentaril momentaril
Shut-offvalveChange-overvalve
Step Step
Step4 4 4
Examples Examples
Examplesof of ofcleaning cleaning cleaningagents: agents: agents:
Usecleanwater,freefromchlorides.
1.1%bweightNaOHat70oC
1kgNaOH+100lwater=Cleaningagent.
+=Cleaningagent.
2.2l
33%NaOH
100l
water
2.0.5%bweightHNO3at70oC
+=Cleaningagent.
0.7l
53%HNO3
100l
water
20