Atmel AVR ATmega324PA User manual

Features
•High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller
•Advanced RISC Architecture
– 131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Fully Static Operation
– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
•High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments
– 16/32/64/128K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory
(ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P)
– 512B/1K/2K/4K Bytes EEPROM (ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P)
– 1/2/4/16K Bytes Internal SRAM (ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P)
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/ 100,000 EEPROM
– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/ 100 years at 25°C(1)
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
True Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software Security
•JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 Compliant) Interface
– Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard
– Extensive On-chip Debug Support
– Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses, and Lock Bits through the JTAG Interface
•Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
– Six PWM Channels
– 8-channel, 10-bit ADC
Differential mode with selectable gain at 1x, 10x or 200x
– Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
– Two Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
– Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change
•Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
– Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby and
Extended Standby
•I/O and Packages
– 32 Programmable I/O Lines
– 40-pin PDIP, 44-lead TQFP, 44-pad VQFN/QFN/MLF
– 44-pad DRQFN
– 49-ball VFBGA
•Operating Voltages
– 1.8 - 5.5V
•Speed Grades for ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
– 0 - 20MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V
•Power Consumption at 1 MHz, 1.8V, 25°C
– Active: 0.4 mA
– Power-down Mode: 0.1µA
– Power-save Mode: 0.6µA (Including 32 kHz RTC)
Note: 1. See ”Data Retention” on page 9 for details.
8-bit
Microcontroller
with
16/32/64/128K
Bytes In-System
Programmable
Flash
ATmega164PA
ATmega324PA
ATmega644PA
ATmega1284P
Summary
Rev. 8152GS–AVR–11/09

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8152GS–AVR–11/09
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
1. Pin Configurations
1.1 Pinout - PDIP/TQFP/VQFN/QFN/MLF for ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
Figure 1-1. Pinout
Note: The large center pad underneath the VQFN/QFN/MLF package should be soldered to ground on
the board to ensure good mechanical stability.
(PCINT8/XCK0/T0) PB0
(PCINT9/CLKO/T1) PB1
(PCINT10/INT2/AIN0) PB2
(PCINT11/OC0A/AIN1) PB3
(PCINT12/OC0B/SS) PB4
(PCINT13/MOSI) PB5
(PCINT14/MISO) PB6
(PCINT15/SCK) PB7
RESET
VCC
GND
XTAL2
XTAL1
(PCINT24/RXD0) PD0
(PCINT25/TXD0) PD1
(PCINT26/RXD1/INT0) PD2
(PCINT27/TXD1/INT1) PD3
(PCINT28/XCK1/OC1B) PD4
(PCINT29/OC1A) PD5
(PCINT30/OC2B/ICP) PD6
PA0 (ADC0/PCINT0)
PA1 (ADC1/PCINT1)
PA2 (ADC2/PCINT2)
PA3 (ADC3/PCINT3)
PA4 (ADC4/PCINT4)
PA5 (ADC5/PCINT5)
PA6 (ADC6/PCINT6)
PA7 (ADC7/PCINT7)
AREF
GND
AVCC
PC7 (TOSC2/PCINT23)
PC6 (TOSC1/PCINT22)
PC5 (TDI/PCINT21)
PC4 (TDO/PCINT20)
PC3 (TMS/PCINT19)
PC2 (TCK/PCINT18)
PC1 (SDA/PCINT17)
PC0 (SCL/PCINT16)
PD7 (OC2A/PCINT31)
PDIP
PA4 (ADC4/PCINT4)
PA5 (ADC5/PCINT5)
PA6 (ADC6/PCINT6)
PA7 (ADC7/PCINT7)
AREF
GND
AVCC
PC7 (TOSC2/PCINT23)
PC6 (TOSC1/PCINT22)
PC5 (TDI/PCINT21)
PC4 (TDO/PCINT20)
(PCINT13/MOSI) PB5
(PCINT14/MISO) PB6
(PCINT15/SCK) PB7
RESET
VCC
GND
XTAL2
XTAL1
(PCINT24/RXD0) PD0
(PCINT25/TXD0) PD1
(PCINT26/RXD1/INT0) PD2
(PCINT27/TXD1/INT1) PD3
(PCINT28/XCK1/OC1B) PD4
(PCINT29/OC1A) PD5
(PCINT30/OC2B/ICP) PD6
(PCINT31/OC2A) PD7
VCC
GND
(PCINT16/SCL) PC0
(PCINT17/SDA) PC1
(PCINT18/TCK) PC2
(PCINT19/TMS) PC3
PB4 (SS/OC0B/PCINT12) PB3 (AIN1/OC0A/PCINT11) PB2 (AIN0/INT2/PCINT10) PB1 (T1/CLKO/PCINT9) PB0 (XCK0/T0/PCINT8) GND VCC PA0 (ADC0/PCINT0) PA1 (ADC1/PCINT1) PA2 (ADC2/PCINT2) PA3 (ADC3/PCINT3)
TQFP/VQFN/QFN/MLF

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8152GS–AVR–11/09
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
1.2 Pinout - DRQFN for ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA
Figure 1-2. DRQFN - Pinout
Table 1-1. DRQFN - Pinout
A1 PB5 A7 PD3 A13 PC4 A19 PA 3
B1 PB6 B6 PD4 B11 PC5 B16 PA 2
A2 PB7 A8 PD5 A14 PC6 A20 PA 1
B2 RESET B7 PD6 B12 PC7 B17 PA 0
A3 VCC A9 PD7 A15 AVCC A21 VCC
B3 GND B8 VCC B13 GND B18 GND
A4 XTAL2 A10 GND A16 AREF A22 PB0
B4 XTAL1 B9 PC0 B14 PA 7 B19 PB1
A5 PD0 A11 PC1 A17 PA 6 A23 PB2
B5 PD1 B10 PC2 B15 PA 5 B20 PB3
A6 PD2 A12 PC3 A18 PA 4 A24 PB4
Top view Bottom view
A1
B1
A2
B2
A3
B3
A4
B4
A5
B5
A6
A18
B15
A17
B14
A16
B13
A15
B12
A14
B11
A13
A12 B10 A11 B9 A10 B8 A9 B7 A8 B6 A7
A24 B20 A23 B19 A22 B18 A21 B17 A20 B16 A19
A18
B15
A17
B14
A16
B13
A15
B12
A14
B11
A13
A1
B1
A2
B2
A3
B3
A4
B4
A5
B5
A6
A7 B6 A8 B7 A9 B8 A10 B9 A11 B10 A12
A19 B16 A20 B17 A21 B18 A22 B19 A23 B20 A24

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8152GS–AVR–11/09
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
1.3 Pinout - VFBGA for ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA
Figure 1-3. VFBGA - Pinout
Table 1-2. BGA - Pinout
1234567
AGND PB4 PB2 GND VCC PA2 GND
BPB6 PB5 PB3 PB0 PA0 PA3 PA5
CVCC RESET PB7 PB1 PA1 PA6 AREF
DGND XTAL2 PD0 GND PA4 PA7 GND
EXTAL1 PD1 PD5 PD7 PC5 PC7 AVCC
FPD2 PD3 PD6 PC0 PC2 PC4 PC6
GGND PD4 VCC GND PC1 PC3 GND
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1234567
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
7654321
Top view Bottom view

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8152GS–AVR–11/09
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
2. Overview
The ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on
the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle,
the ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz
allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 2-1. Block Diagram
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the
32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent
registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting
architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than con-
ventional CISC microcontrollers.
CPU
GND
VCC
RESET
Power
Supervision
POR / BOD &
RESET
Watchdog
Oscillator
Watchdog
Timer
Oscillator
Circuits /
Clock
Generation
XTAL1
XTAL2
PORT A (8)
PORT D (8)
PD7..0
PORT C (8)
PC5..0
TWI
SPI
EEPROM
JTAG/OCD 16bit T/C 1
8bit T/C 2
8bit T/C 0
SRAMFLASH
USART 0
Internal
Bandgap reference
Analog
Comparator
A/D
Converter
PA7..0
PORT B (8)
PB7..0
USART 1
TOSC1/PC6TOSC2/PC7

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ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
The ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P provides the following features: 16/32/64/128K bytes
of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512B/1K/2K/4K bytes
EEPROM, 1/2/4/16K bytes SRAM, 32 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working
registers, Real Time Counter (RTC), three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes and
PWM, 2 USARTs, a byte oriented 2-wire Serial Interface, a 8-channel, 10-bit ADC with optional
differential input stage with programmable gain, programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal
Oscillator, an SPI serial port, IEEE std. 1149.1 compliant JTAG test interface, also used for
accessing the On-chip Debug system and programming and six software selectable power sav-
ing modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port,
and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents
but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or Hardware
Reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to main-
tain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops
the CPU and all I/O modules except Asynchronous Timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise
during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the Crystal/Resonator Oscillator is running while the
rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low power consump-
tion. In Extended Standby mode, both the main Oscillator and the Asynchronous Timer continue
to run.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology. The On-
chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial
interface, by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot program
running on the AVR core. The boot program can use any interface to download the application
program in the application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run
while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write operation. By
combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P is a powerful microcontroller that provides a
highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P AVR is supported with a full suite of program and sys-
tem development tools including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program
debugger/simulators, in-circuit emulators, and evaluation kits.
2.2 Comparison Between ATmega164PA, ATmega324PA, ATmega644PA and ATmega1284P
Table 2-1. Differences between ATmega164PA, ATmega324PA and ATmega644PA and
ATmega1284P
Device Flash EEPROM RAM
ATmega164PA 16 Kbyte 512 Bytes 1 Kbyte
ATmega324PA 32 Kbyte 1 Kbyte 2 Kbyte
ATmega644PA 64 Kbyte 2 Kbyte 4 Kbyte
ATmega1284P 128 Kbyte 4 Kbyte 16 Kbyte

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ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
2.3 Pin Descriptions
2.3.1 VCC
Digital supply voltage.
2.3.2 GND
Ground.
2.3.3 Port A (PA7:PA0)
Port A serves as analog inputs to the Analog-to-digital Converter.
Port A also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for
each bit). The Port A output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink
and source capability. As inputs, Port A pins that are externally pulled low will source current if
the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes
active, even if the clock is not running.
Port A also serves the functions of various special features of the
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P as listed on page 81.
2.3.4 Port B (PB7:PB0)
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features of the
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P as listed on page 83.
2.3.5 Port C (PC7:PC0)
Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Port C also serves the functions of the JTAG interface, along with special features of the
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P as listed on page 86.
2.3.6 Port D (PD7:PD0)
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Port D also serves the functions of various special features of the
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P as listed on page 88.

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8152GS–AVR–11/09
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
2.3.7 RESET
Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a
reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in ”System and Reset
Characteristics” on page 330. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.
2.3.8 XTAL1
Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
2.3.9 XTAL2
Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier.
2.3.10 AVCC
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and the Analog-to-digital Converter. It should be exter-
nally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected
to VCC through a low-pass filter.
2.3.11 AREF
This is the analog reference pin for the Analog-to-digital Converter.

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ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
3. Resources
A comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheetsare available for
download on http://www.atmel.com/avr.
4. About Code Examples
This documentation contains simple code examples that briefly show how to use various parts of
the device. Be aware that not all C compiler vendors include bit definitions in the header files
and interrupt handling in C is compiler dependent. Please confirm with the C compiler documen-
tation for more details.
The code examples assume that the part specific header file is included before compilation. For
I/O registers located in extended I/O map, "IN", "OUT", "SBIS", "SBIC", "CBI", and "SBI" instruc-
tions must be replaced with instructions that allow access to extended I/O. Typically "LDS" and
"STS" combined with "SBRS", "SBRC", "SBR", and "CBR".
Note: 1.
5. Data Retention
Reliability Qualification results show that the projected data retention failure rate is much less
than 1 PPM over 20 years at 85°C or 100 years at 25°C.

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8152GS–AVR–11/09
ATmega164PA/324PA/644PA/1284P
6. Register Summary
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Page
(0xFF) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xFE) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xFD) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xFC) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xFB) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xFA) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xF9) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xF8) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xF7) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xF6) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xF5) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xF4) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xF3) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xF2) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xF1) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xF0) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xEF) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xEE) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xED) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xEC) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xEB) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xEA) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xE9) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xE8) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xE7) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xE6) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xE5) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xE4) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xE3) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xE2) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xE1) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xE0) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xDF) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xDE) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xDD) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xDC) Reserved - - - - - - -
(0xDB) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xDA) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD9) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD8) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD7) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD6) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD5) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD4) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD3) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD2) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD1) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xD0) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xCF) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xCE) UDR1 USART1 I/O Data Register 190
(0xCD) UBRR1H - - - - USART1 Baud Rate Register High Byte 194/207
(0xCC) UBRR1L USART1 Baud Rate Register Low Byte 194/207
(0xCB) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xCA) UCSR1C UMSEL11 UMSEL10 - - - UDORD1 UCPHA1 UCPOL1 192/206
(0xC9) UCSR1B RXCIE1 TXCIE1 UDRIE1 RXEN1 TXEN1 UCSZ12 RXB81 TXB81 191/205
(0xC8) UCSR1A RXC1 TXC1 UDRE1 FE1 DOR1 UPE1 U2X1 MPCM1 190/205
(0xC7) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xC6) UDR0 USART0 I/O Data Register 190
(0xC5) UBRR0H - - - - USART0 Baud Rate Register High Byte 194/207
(0xC4) UBRR0L USART0 Baud Rate Register Low Byte 194/207
(0xC3) Reserved - - - - - - - -
(0xC2) UCSR0C UMSEL01 UMSEL00 - - - UDORD0 UCPHA0 UCPOL0 192/206
(0xC1) UCSR0B RXCIE0 TXCIE0 UDRIE0 RXEN0 TXEN0 UCSZ02 RXB80 TXB80 191/205