Basler BE1-40Q User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FOR
LOSS OF EXCITATION RELAY
BE1-40Q
Publication: 9171500990
Revision: M 01/11
P0050-23
40Q

9171500990 Rev M BE1-40Q Introduction i
INTRODUCTION
This instruction manual provides information about the operation and installation of the BE1-40Q Loss of
Excitation Relay. To accomplish this, the following information is provided:
General Information and Specifications
Controls and Indicators
Functional Description
Installation
Testing
WARNING!
To avoid personal injury or equipment damage, only qualified personnel should
perform the procedures in this manual.
NOTE
Be sure that the relay is hard-wired to earth ground with no smaller than 12 AWG
copper wire attached to the ground terminal on the rear of the unit case. When
the relay is configured in a system with other devices, it is recommended to use a
separate lead to the ground bus from each unit.

ii BE1-40Q Introduction 9171500990 Rev M
First Printing: November 1986
Printed in USA
©1986-2011 Basler Electric, Highland Illinois 62249 USA
All Rights Reserved
January 2011
It is not the intention of this manual to cover all details and variations in equipment, nor does this manual
provide data for every possible contingency regarding installation or operation. The availability and design
of all features and options are subject to modification without notice. Should further information be
required, contact Basler Electric.
BASLER ELECTRIC
ROUTE 143, BOX 269
HIGHLAND IL 62249 USA
http://www.basler.com, [email protected]
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
of Basler Electric, Highland Illinois, USA. It is loaned for confidential use, subject
to return on request, and with the mutual understanding that it will not be used in
any manner detrimental to the interest of Basler Electric.

9171500990 Rev M BE1-40Q Introduction iii
REVISION HISTORY
The following information provides a historical summary of the changes made to the BE1-40Q instruction
manual (9171500990). Revisions are listed in reverse chronological order.
Manual
Revision and Date Change
M, 01/11 Updated equations in Note 1 under Figure 5-2.
Improved timing specs under Operational Test, Timing Verification in
Section 5.
L, 09/07 Added manual part number and revision to footers.
Updated Output Contact ratings in Section 1.
Updated Power Supply Burden data in Section 1.
Updated front panel illustrations to show laser graphics.
Updated Target Indicator description in Section 3.
Added GOST-R to Section 1, General Information.
Moved content of Section 7, Manual Change Information to Manual
Introduction.
Moved content of Section 6, Maintenance to Section 4, Installation.
K, 02/01 Updated S1 case drawings in Section 4 to the most recent drawings.
J, 10/98 Corrected Voltage Sensing in Specifications from “Each have a
burden that is less than 0.1 ohm over the” to “Each have a burden
that is less than 1 VA over the”.
Deleted 500 Vdc from Resistive Output Circuits.
Deleted all references to Service Manual.
Updated Style Number Identification Chart by changing Power Supply
Type T from “230 Vac” to “240 Vac”.
Added new power supply information to Specifications and Section 3
starting with “Basler Electric enhanced the power supply design…”
Changed the format of the manual.
H, 03/95 Changed Section 1, General Information, Specifications, Output
Circuits and Isolation.
Added phase rotation sensitivity information to Section 3, Functional
Description.
Changed Section 4, Installation, Dielectric Test, to reflect specification
changes.
Corrected Figure 4-1 and changed Figure 5-2, note 2.
Corrected typographical error in Table 5-4, Reactive Power (Vars),
+120.
Corrected typographical error in Section 6, Maintenance, General.
G, 01/94 Deleted references to mho characteristic.
Corrected Figure 4-3 (Sensing Input Test Setup), current sensing
input terminals 8 and 9 were reversed on earlier versions;
renumbered equations; updated format; and added new internal
connection diagrams Figures 4-3 through 4-5, added new mounting
diagrams Figures 4-6 through 4-14.
Added new Section 5, Setting and Testing, moved appropriate data
from Section 4 into Section 5, and changed Section 5 and 6 to
Section 6 and 7.

iv BE1-40Q Introduction 9171500990 Rev M
Manual
Revision and Date Change
F, 01/91 Pages 1-3, 1-5 (Style Chart), 1-7 2-1 (Item H), 4-4 (step 3), 4-7 (Step
3): Time delay range is 0.1 to 9.90 seconds, adjustable in increments
of 0.1 seconds. This was previously unclear or (in some cases)
erroneous.
Page 1-8: RFI specification added.
Pages 1-6, 5-1: minor editing.
E, 09/90 Legend of Figure 3-2 corrected.
Page 3-1 (under “Phase Shift”): 68was 52.
D, 08/89 Equations 4.1 through 4.4 put into standard form by removing
negative sign from the angle theta.
C, 06/89 Figure 3-2 corrected.
Equations on page 4-8 restated for clarification.
Arithmetical errors corrected in the example given on page 4-8.
Table 4-2 corrected.
Figure 4-3 was reformatted.
Figure 4-7 revised to clarify installation.
B, 11/88 Minor corrections and editing.
A, 11/88 Figure 3-3 added.
Editing changes made to clarify specifications.
Two articles added to Section 4, entitled, “Setting the Pickup” (page
4-5) and, “Relay Characteristic Verification” page 4-7.
—, 01/86 Initial release

9171500990 Rev M BE1-40Q Introduction v
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION................................................................................................ 1-1
PURPOSE........................................................................................................................................... 1-1
APPLICATION .................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Capability Curves ......................................................................................................................... 1-1
BE1-40Q Operating Characteristics ............................................................................................. 1-1
TimeDelay.................................................................................................................................... 1-1
MODEL AND STYLE NUMBER.......................................................................................................... 1-3
Style Number Example................................................................................................................. 1-3
SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 1-4
Current Sensing............................................................................................................................ 1-4
Current Sensing Burden ............................................................................................................... 1-4
Voltage Sensing ........................................................................................................................... 1-4
Pickup Range ............................................................................................................................... 1-4
Pickup Accuracy ........................................................................................................................... 1-4
Dropout ......................................................................................................................................... 1-4
Time Delay Range........................................................................................................................ 1-4
Timing Accuracy ........................................................................................................................... 1-4
Output Contacts............................................................................................................................ 1-5
Power Supply................................................................................................................................ 1-5
Target Indicators........................................................................................................................... 1-6
Type Tests .................................................................................................................................... 1-6
Physical ........................................................................................................................................ 1-6
Agency Recognition/Certification.................................................................................................. 1-6
SECTION 2 •CONTROLS AND INDICATORS ....................................................................................... 2-1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 2-1
SECTION 3 •FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION........................................................................................... 3-1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 3-1
VOLTAGE SENSING .......................................................................................................................... 3-1
PHASE SHIFT..................................................................................................................................... 3-1
CURRENT SENSING ......................................................................................................................... 3-2
HI/LOW RANGE SWITCH .................................................................................................................. 3-2
TAP SWITCH ...................................................................................................................................... 3-3
TRANSDUCER ................................................................................................................................... 3-3
COMPARATOR .................................................................................................................................. 3-3
TIMING................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
OUTPUTS ........................................................................................................................................... 3-3
PUSH-TO-ENERGIZE OUTPUT PUSHBUTTON .............................................................................. 3-3
POWER SUPPLY STATUS OUTPUT ................................................................................................ 3-3
POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................... 3-3
TARGET INDICATORS ...................................................................................................................... 3-4
Internally Operated Targets.......................................................................................................... 3-4
Current Operated Targets ............................................................................................................ 3-4
SECTION 4 •INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................. 4-1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 4-1
RELAY OPERATING GUIDELINES AND PRECAUTIONS ............................................................... 4-1
MOUNTING......................................................................................................................................... 4-1
CONNECTIONS................................................................................................................................ 4-12
MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................ 4-15
STORAGE......................................................................................................................................... 4-15

vi BE1-40Q Introduction 9171500990 Rev M
SECTION 5 •TESTING ............................................................................................................................ 5-1
SETTING............................................................................................................................................. 5-1
Per Unit Conversion Example ...................................................................................................... 5-1
OPERATIONAL TEST ........................................................................................................................ 5-2
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5-2
Pickup Verification ........................................................................................................................ 5-2
Timing Verification ........................................................................................................................ 5-4
Relay Characteristics Verification................................................................................................. 5-4

9171500990 Rev M BE1-40Q General Information 1-1
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION
PURPOSE
Loss of excitation protection is applied on nearly all synchronous generators. Reduced or complete loss of
excitation can cause loss of synchronism, instability and, possibly, damage to the generator from
overheating. Many modern excitation systems include minimum-excitation limiters to prevent
underexcitation; however, loss of excitation protective relays are still applied as backup to these
automatic controls. BE1-40Q Loss of Excitation Relays provide this protection by monitoring the field
excitation (measuring the magnitude and direction of var flow) and tripping the generator before serious
damage to the generator can occur.
Synchronous generators in parallel are normally operated in the overexcited (lagging) region, which
allows generation of reactive power (vars). Although the field excitation may be safely adjusted to cause
the generator to absorb vars (leading), this is usually avoided because stability is unreliable under this
condition.
When field excitation is not sufficient to maintain the terminal voltage of an interconnected generator, the
system will attempt to supply reactive power to excite the generator. If the system cannot supply the
required vars, the weakened field may allow the rotor to slip poles during disturbances such as load
changes or faults, causing loss of synchronism.
When the system can supply the necessary vars, the generator will act as an induction generator,
drawing excitation from the system. The machine voltage will remain above the setting of undervoltage
relays, but the current induced by the rotor slip will flow in the damper (amortisseur) windings. The
excessive heating caused by the current flow reduces machine life exponentially.
Under either condition, BE1-40Q Relays will detect the increased vars at the generator terminals as a loss
of excitation and trips the generator to prevent loss of synchronism or excessive heating within the
generator.
APPLICATION
Capability Curves
Generator manufacturers supply capability curves that specify the operating limits of a particular machine
(similar to those shown in Figure 1-1). The curves are derived from the heating characteristics that occur
on the stator end iron, the stator winding, and the rotor winding. Plotted on the complex power plane, real
power P (kW) is on the horizontal axis and reactive power Q (var) is on the vertical axis.
An additional limit is often included on these curves, as shown in Figure 1-2. Here, the steady state
stability limit further defines the safe operating limit of the generator. If the stability limit is exceeded, an
out-of-step condition can occur due to loss of synchronism.
BE1-40Q Operating Characteristics
BE1-40Q relay characteristics closely follow the generator capability curves. The response characteristic
is represented by a line eight degrees from horizontal, placed above the most restrictive limit of normal
operation. As shown in Figure 1-3, the attendant intercept of the line on the Q axis (at –0.4 per unit vars in
this example) is used to establish the pickup of the relay. A front panel rotary switch is used to set the
TAP setting. Refer to Section 5, Setting and Testing, for specific information on determining the pickup
setting.
Time Delay
A time delay is included in BE1-40Q Relays to prevent misoperation for transient conditions such as
power swings due to synchronizing or external fault clearing. A definite time delay of 0.1 to 9.9 seconds
can be set on the front panel thumbwheels in increments of 0.1 second. Setting both thumbwheels to 0
causes an instantaneous trip signal to be sent when the TAP setting is exceeded. Refer to Section 5 for
specific setting information.

1-2 BE1-40Q General Information 9171500990 Rev M
Figure 1-1. Typical Generator Capability Curve
Figure 1-2. Normal Operation with Steady State Stability Limit
Figure 1-3. An example of BE1-40Q Relay Operating Characteristics