Basler BE1-67 User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FOR
DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY
BE1-67
P0048-37
DEGREES
CHARACTERISTIC
ANGLE
90 0
TIME INST
OVERCURRENT
DIRECTIONAL
BE1-67
Serial No. XXXXXXXXXXXX
Style No. XXX XXX XXXXX
R
Publication: 9170900990
Revision: H 08/07
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 Introduction i
INTRODUCTION
This instruction manual provides information about the operation and installation of the BE1-67
Directional Overcurrent Relay. To accomplish this, the following information is provided:
•General Information and Specifications
•Controls and Indicators
•Functional Description
•Installation
•Testing
WARNING!
To avoid personal injury or equipment damage, only qualified personnel should
perform the procedures in this manual.
NOTE
Be sure that the relay is hard-wired to earth ground with no smaller than 12 AWG
copper wire attached to the ground terminal on the rear of the unit case. When
the relay is configured in a system with other devices, it is recommended to use a
separate lead to the ground bus from each unit.
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ii BE1-67 Introduction 9170900990 Rev H
First Printing: September 1988
Printed in USA
© 1988-1989, 1994-1995, 2003, 2007 Basler Electric, Highland Illinois 62249 USA
All Rights Reserved
August 2007
It is not the intention of this manual to cover all details and variations in equipment, nor does this manual
provide data for every possible contingency regarding installation or operation. The availability and design
of all features and options are subject to modification without notice. Should further information be
required, contact Basler Electric.
BASLER ELECTRIC
ROUTE 143, BOX 269
HIGHLAND IL 62249 USA
http://www.basler.com, [email protected]
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
of Basler Electric, Highland Illinois, USA. It is loaned for confidential use, subject
to return on request, and with the mutual understanding that it will not be used in
any manner detrimental to the interest of Basler Electric.
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 Introduction iii
REVISION HISTORY
The following information provides a historical summary of the changes made to the BE1-67 instruction
manual (9170900990). Revisions are listed in reverse chronological order.
Manual
Revision and Date Change
H, 08/07 •Enhanced the readability of various figures throughout the manual.
•Updated Output Contacts ratings in Section 1.
•Moved content of Section 6, Maintenance to Section 4.
•Updated front panel illustrations to show laser graphics.
•Moved content of Section 7, Manual Change Information to manual
introduction.
•Updated power supply burden data in Section 1.
•Updated Target Indicator description in Section 3.
G, 05/03 •Changed Table 1-9, Style Chart, to make Timing match the BE1-67N.
•Corrected the Basler publication number for characteristic curves on
page 1-15.
•Eliminated reference to a service manual on pages 2-5 and 6-1 that
no longer exists.
•Changed the Power Supply portion in Section 3 regarding wide-range
power supply (similar to the BE1-60).
•Updated Figures 4-1, 4-3, and 4-4 with the new style front panels.
•In Setting the Pickups, Step 11, page 5-13, added the Basler
publication where the B6, Very Inverse, drawing can be found.
•Updated the manual style throughout.
F, 11/95 •Changed Specifications for Isolation in Section 1 and Dielectric Test
in Section 4.
•Corrected Setting the Relay - An Example in Section 5. (Changed
Time Delay from 5.2 seconds to 0.6 seconds in Example Defined and
Step 11.)
E, 08/94 •Revised the entire manual to the current instruction manual format.
•Added internal connection diagrams, typical connection diagrams,
and phase rotation sensitivity.
D, 07/89 •Corrected minor typographical errors.
C, 02/89 •The arrows indicating trip direction have been reversed in Figures 4-3
and 4-4.
B, 12/88 •Voltage sensing input rating corrected.
•Current sensing burden statement on page 1-10 replaced former
table on same page.
A, 09/88 •Test procedure simplified.
•Minor editing changes.
—, 09/88 •Initial release
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 Introduction v
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................ 1-1
SECTION 2 •CONTROLS AND INDICATORS........................................................................................ 2-1
SECTION 3 •FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION........................................................................................... 3-1
SECTION 4 •INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................. 4-1
SECTION 5 •TESTING ............................................................................................................................ 5-1
APPENDIX A •CHARACTERISTIC CURVES..........................................................................................A-1
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 General Information i
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................1-1
DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................................1-1
LIMITED REGION OF OPERATION .....................................................................................................1-2
Load Current Approaches Fault Current............................................................................................1-3
Weak Infeed Condition.......................................................................................................................1-3
APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................................1-4
SAMPLE APPLICATION CALCULATIONS...........................................................................................1-5
Pickup.................................................................................................................................................1-6
Analysis of Fault L..............................................................................................................................1-7
Analysis of Fault M.............................................................................................................................1-7
Conclusions........................................................................................................................................1-8
MODEL AND STYLE NUMBER.............................................................................................................1-9
Style Number Identification Chart ......................................................................................................1-9
Style Number Example.......................................................................................................................1-9
SPECIFICATIONS...............................................................................................................................1-10
Current Sensing Input(s)..................................................................................................................1-10
Current Sensing Burden...................................................................................................................1-10
Time Overcurrent Pickup..................................................................................................................1-11
Pickup Accuracy...............................................................................................................................1-11
Dropout Ratio ...................................................................................................................................1-11
Time Delay Accuracy .......................................................................................................................1-11
Instantaneous Overcurrent...............................................................................................................1-11
Voltage Sensing Inputs ....................................................................................................................1-12
Voltage Sensing Burden...................................................................................................................1-12
Directional Unit.................................................................................................................................1-12
Sensitivity .........................................................................................................................................1-13
Characteristic Angle.........................................................................................................................1-13
Limited Range of Operation (Optional) ............................................................................................1-13
Frequency Range.............................................................................................................................1-13
Power Supply ...................................................................................................................................1-13
Target Indicators ..............................................................................................................................1-13
Output Circuits..................................................................................................................................1-14
Isolation............................................................................................................................................1-14
UL Recognized.................................................................................................................................1-14
GOST-R............................................................................................................................................1-14
Surge Withstand Capability..............................................................................................................1-14
Operating Temperature....................................................................................................................1-14
Storage Temperature.......................................................................................................................1-14
Shock................................................................................................................................................1-14
Vibration ...........................................................................................................................................1-14
Figures
Figure 1-1. Single-Phase Directional Overcurrent.....................................................................................1-1
Figure 1-2. Trip Direction Defined .............................................................................................................1-2
Figure 1-3. Weak Infeed Phenomenon .....................................................................................................1-3
Figure 1-4. Limiting the Region of Operation ............................................................................................1-4
Figure 1-5. Substations Fed from One Source..........................................................................................1-5
Figure 1-6. Substations Fed from Two Sources........................................................................................1-5
Figure 1-7. Significant Faults for Breaker A ..............................................................................................1-6
Figure 1-8. Coordination of Time Characteristic Curves...........................................................................1-8
Figure 1-9. Style Number Identification Chart...........................................................................................1-9
Figure 1-10. Typical Instantaneous Response Time...............................................................................1-12
Figure 1-11. Characteristic Angle............................................................................................................1-12
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ii BE1-67 General Information 9170900990 Rev H
Tables
Table 1-1. Selection Considerations for Characteristic Curves.................................................................1-2
Table 1-2. Required Breaker Settings.......................................................................................................1-8
Table 1-3. Sensing Input Ranges and Connections................................................................................1-11
Table 1-4. Power Supply Specifications..................................................................................................1-13
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 General Information 1-1
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION
BE1-67 Phase Directional Overcurrent Relays are designed for the protection of transmission and
distribution lines where the direction as well as the magnitude of the fault current (or power flow) is to be
considered in the tripping decision.
BE1-67 relays are directionally controlled, microprocessor based, time overcurrent relays. The directional
element is polarized by the phase-to-phase quadrature voltage of the power system. That is, the
directional element monitoring the phase A current uses the voltage between phases B and C to
determine the direction of current (or power) flow into the fault. Then, if enough current flows in the
tripping direction of the relay, the relay will pickup, time out and trip. The angle of maximum sensitivity for
the relay is also adjustable to allow the directional characteristic to be matched to the line and system
conditions. Figure 1-1 illustrates the operation of the directional element and defines the terms that are
used in the following discussion.
Figure 1-1. Single-Phase Directional Overcurrent
Figure 1-1a shows the connections to the sensing circuits for a single phase BE1-67. Figure 1-1b
illustrates the phasor quantities monitored by the relay for a unity power factor condition, and for a single
phase fault. Figure 1-1c shows the protected line on an R-X diagram. The angle alpha in Figure 1-1b and
Figure 1-1c are the characteristic angle settings for the relay.
The directional characteristic of the relay is adjustable to allow the relay to be sensitive for phase faults
and to maximize sensitivity at the characteristic angle representing typical power factor.
Twelve standard time-current characteristic curves are available to aid in the coordination of this relay
with other protective devices in the system. These include seven characteristic curves that are standard
in North America and five that are compatible with British or IEC standards requirements. In addition, an
option allows the relay to be supplied with all of these curves any of which may be switch selected to suit
requirements at the time of installation.
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1-2 BE1-67 General Information 9170900990 Rev H
Table 1-1. Selection Considerations for Characteristic Curves
Style Designation Characteristic Shape Special Characteristics
B1 Short Inverse
Relatively short time, desirable where preserving
system stability is a critical factor.
B2, E2 Long Inverse Provides protection for starting motors and
overloads of short duration.
B3 Definite Time
Definite Time Fixed time delay according to the
time dial setting. Useful for sequential tripping
schemes.
B4, E4 Moderately Inverse Accommodates moderate load changes as may
occur on parallel lines where one line may
occasionally have to carry both loads.
B5, E5 Inverse
B6, E6 Very Inverse
B7, E7 Extremely Inverse
Provide additional variations of the inverse
characteristic, thereby allowing flexibility in
meeting load variations, or in coordinating with
other relays.
If the supply to the protected portion of the system is constant, and if the magnitude of the fault current is
determined primarily by the location of the fault on the line, the selection of a more inverse time
characteristic is more desirable to provide selective coordination with adjacent line protection. However, if
the capacity of the supply varies significantly over a period (such as a day), a less inverse time or even
the definite time characteristic, may be preferred to provide smoother coordination.
LIMITED REGION OF OPERATION
A limited region-of-operation option is available to provide additional protection against false tripping on
mutually coupled lines. Faults on adjacent lines that share the same poles, towers, or right-of-way may
induce currents on the protected line which appear as fault currents in the tripping direction. The limited
region of operation mode provides discrimination between faults on the protected line and faults on the
adjacent line. To order this option, specify option 3-5 or 3-6.
One consideration in applying a phase directional overcurrent relay is the definition of trip direction. For
most applications, the setting of the relay directional element is based upon the impedance
characteristics of a given circuit. This angle is then used as the maximum torque angle and any current
flowing in the half-plane defined by this angle is considered to be in the trip direction.
Figure 1-2 illustrates the trip and non-trip directions.
Figure 1-2. Trip Direction Defined
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 General Information 1-3
However, there are at least two situations where the half-plane trip region is not adequate. They are when
load current approaches the fault current and when leading current flows in the non-trip direction above
the relay pickup setting.
Load Current Approaches Fault Current
Pickup settings on a phase overcurrent device are normally set below the expected fault current levels on
that line by some margin. Consequently, it is possible for load current to approach (or exceed) the pickup
setting on the relay. This could lead to an undesirable trip for an acceptable load condition.
Weak Infeed Condition
During a period of abnormally low system voltage, leading power factor current above relay pickup can
flow in the non-trip direction of a line. Probable current sources are outlying capacitor banks. This could
cause the current to be sensed as lagging current flowing in the trip direction and leading to an
undesirable trip. (A condition often referred to as weak infeed because the lower voltage system - where
load is present - attempts to correct the undervoltage condition on the higher voltage system.) Refer to
Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3. Weak Infeed Phenomenon
Both of the previous conditions can be eased by limiting the area of the trip region. Specifically, the angle
on each side of the torque angle vector can be adjusted to be less than 90 degrees. This limits the trip
region area to only a portion of the half-plane usually defined as the trip direction. This limited region-of-
operation characteristic (shown in Figure 1-4) is available by specifying option 3-5 or 3-6.
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1-4 BE1-67 General Information 9170900990 Rev H
Figure 1-4. Limiting the Region of Operation
APPLICATION
Without the ability to act on the direction of current flow, it is difficult to coordinate the settings of time
overcurrent relays on lines that interconnect a series of substations. Without this capability, either
undesired tripping of adjacent lines may occur or a fault may go undetected because of the high settings
required by non-directional relays.
With directional time overcurrent relays, the settings and time delays can be decreased and the undesired
tripping eliminated. Figure 1-5 illustrates the use of directional overcurrent relayson a group of
interconnected distribution substations fed from a common source. In this example, non-directional
overcurrent relays (51) are used to protect the lines leaving the supply bus because there is only one
source of fault current. However, the breakers at the load buses (C, D, E, and F) are protected by
directional time overcurrent relays (67) to prevent overtripping in the event of a fault. This will remove the
faulted line and retain service to the connected loads.
In the case where two sources of power can supply fault current, as shown in Figure 1-6, directional
overcurrent relays will need to be applied to each end of the protected lines to prevent undesired tripping.
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 General Information 1-5
Figure 1-5. Substations Fed from One Source
Figure 1-6. Substations Fed from Two Sources
SAMPLE APPLICATION CALCULATIONS
In this sample illustrated by Figure 1-7, a three-phase, 60 hertz, BE1-67 relay is used at breaker position
A. Assumed options for the relay include switch-selectable characteristic curves, switch-selectable
characteristic angle and a directional instantaneous output.
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1-6 BE1-67 General Information 9170900990 Rev H
Figure 1-7. Significant Faults for Breaker A
Using this relay under the stated conditions, there are five settings to be established:
•Pickup of the timed element
•Time dial
•Timing characteristic
•Torque angle
•Pickup of the directional instantaneous unit
In arriving at a satisfactory setting for each variable, consideration must be given as to how the relay
coordinates with other upstream and downstream tripping devices. In particular, the time-current
characteristics of all relevant devices must be systematically considered for each fault condition that can
occur.
The ensuing analysis considers pickup settings first, followed by a detailed examination of the three
scenarios indicated in Figure 1-7 as faults L, M, and N. These will be individually considered with regard
to the five settings listed previously and particularly the last four.
Pickup
When considering relay pickup, it is desirable to set the relay above the maximum load that the feeder is
expected to supply at any given time in the defined direction. Often this quantity is limited only by the
breaker size or the current carrying capacity of the line itself.
Returning to Figure 1-7, if it is assumed that the maximum lead current is 1,200 amperes for line AC and
a maximum CT ratio of 400:1, then:
Timed pickup setting = (1200) (1 ÷ 400) (1.25) = 3.75 amperes
(The 1.25 factor represents a margin of safety.)
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 General Information 1-7
Analysis of Fault L
In Figure 1-7, assume the following fault L currents.
•I
A(L) = 3,000 amperes at an angle of -65 degrees
•I
D(L) = 6,400 amperes at an angle of -60 degrees
Based on these fault currents, the BE1-67 relay at A will pickup and begin to time out. But the primary
concern is that the relay at D trips before the one at A. This is accomplished by selecting the appropriate
pickup, time dial, and characteristic for the 67Adevice. Note in Figure 1-8, illustration a, that the 67D
characteristic curve must be completely under the 67Acurve for current greater than the 67Apickup point.
A coordinating time interval of 0.2 to 0.5 seconds between the curves is usually recommended to
accommodate breaker clearing time plus a safety margin. The Time Dial should be set to provide this
coordination margin.
Usually, time-characteristic curves are chosen to coordinate with existing system devices. Consequently,
if 67Dis extremely inverse, the 67Arelay might well be set to the B7 curve (extremely inverse). To select
the curve, use the rotary switch behind the front panel of the relay.
The fault current level seen by IA(3,000 amperes) also confirms that the setting chosen (3.75 A x 400 =
1,500 primary amperes) is sensitive enough to detect remote end faults. This is assuming that the fault
current is not limited by fault impedance.
Analysis of Fault M
In Figure 1-7, assume the following fault M currents:
•I
A(M) = 4,600 amperes at an angle of -60 degrees
•I
E(M) = 400 amperes at an angle of -65 degrees
The 67Amust be coordinated with the upstream 67Edevice. Again, the primary concern is that the 67A
relay trips before the 67Erelay. Accordingly, the time current characteristic curve for each relay must be
selected such that the 67Acurve is entirely under the 67Ecurve for currents above the 67Epickup, plus
some margin. (See Figure 1-8, illustration b.)
Be sure to check time dial settings to verify proper coordination. The fault current level seen by IAalso
allows the directional instantaneous unit to be set to trip for high current close-in faults.
Directional Instantaneous Setting = 4,600 (1 ÷ 400) (0.8 margin) = 9.2 amperes.
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1-8 BE1-67 General Information 9170900990 Rev H
Figure 1-8. Coordination of Time Characteristic Curves
Since the impedance characteristic of the system is approximately 60 degrees (as defined by system
R+jX), the torque angle should be selected as 60 degrees for maximum sensitivity. A torque angle of 60
degrees will also ensure that 67Bwill see fault N, but that 67Awill not. (The response of the BE1-67
Directional Unit is approximately 1 cycle, thereby blocking the overcurrent unit before it will see the fault
current in the reverse direction.)
Conclusions
Taking into consideration the requirements imposed by each of three possible fault conditions, the five
required settings for the relay at breaker A in this application are summarized in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2. Required Breaker Settings
Variable Suitable Setting
Pickup for timed element 3.75 (low range, TAP 1
Time dial As required for proper coordination margin
Timing characteristic B7 ( rotary switch position 7)
Directional instantaneous element 9.20 A (potentiometer adjustment)
Torque angle 60°characteristic angle
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9170900990 Rev H BE1-67 General Information 1-9
MODEL AND STYLE NUMBER
Style Number Identification Chart
BE1-67 Phase Directional Overcurrent Relay electrical characteristics and operational features are
defined by a combination of letters and numbers that make up the style number. Refer to Figure 1-9 for
the Style Number Identification Chart. Model numbers BE1-67 designate the relay as a Basler Electric,
Class 100, Phase Directional Overcurrent Relay. The model number together with the style number
describes the options included in a specific device and appears on the front panel, drawout cradle and
inside the case assembly. Upon receipt of a relay, be sure to check the style number against the
requisition and the packing list to ensure that they agree.
Figure 1-9. Style Number Identification Chart
Style Number Example
Suppose, for example, it was decided that three-phase packaging of the directional overcurrent function
(67) would be best for an application. Then the first character of the style number would be B.
Suppose further that this is a 60 hertz power system and that the pickup setting for the time overcurrent
function is to be 4.6 amperes. Then the second character of the style would then be 1. At this point it
should be noted on the installation instructions and drawings that the relay should be connected for the
HIGH range and that the front panel TAP RANGE plate should be adjusted so that the word HIGH shows.
If normally open output contacts are to be used for tripping the breaker, output option E is selected as the
third character.
If the required characteristic curve shape is not known prior to the installation of the protection package,
timing option Z2 could be specified. This allows the proper characteristic curve to be set in the field. (This
also allows a relay type to be stocked and used in other applications, thereby reducing stocking
requirements.)
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1-10 BE1-67 General Information 9170900990 Rev H
Continuing this hypothetical example, if a majority of the substations in the system have either 48 or 125
Vdc station battery supplies, a type Y power supply option provides further standardization in the ordering
and stocking process.
The next style character is B if current operated targets are desired. These have an advantage over
internally operated targets because they confirm that a current signal flowed in the output circuit and
resulted in a trip. (However, as the style chart notes, current operated targets are only available when a
normally open contact is specified.) Internally operated targets only provide an indication that the
associated contact attempted to trip the breaker.
If a directional instantaneous overcurrent element is needed, the eighth character of the style number will
then be 3.
Will the breaker be periodically trip tested? If the normal procedure calls for the technician to close the
relay contacts, the push-to-energize output option (C) provides the convenience to do this.
If a fixed characteristic angle is preferred to a continuously adjustable angle and it is useful to have a
contact monitoring the power supply of the relay, option 3 should be a 4.
Finally, if relays are to be semi-flush mounted in the panel, the last style character is F. (These relays are
always supplied in an M1-size drawout case.)
Summarizing the above example of the selection process, the total style number for the specified relay is
BE1-67 B1E-Z1Y-B3C4F:
BE1-67 - Model number
B - Three-phase sensing
1 - 0.5 to 12 A sensing range (60 Hz)
E - Normally open output contacts
Z1 - Switch selectable timing characteristics
Y - 48/125 Vdc Power supply
B - Current operated targets
3 - Directional instantaneous overcurrent output
C - Push-to-Energize output feature
4 - Switch selectable characteristic angle and power supply status output
F - Semi-flush case mounting, M1-size case
SPECIFICATIONS
BE1-67 Phase Directional Overcurrent Relays are available in either single-phase or three-phase
configurations with the following features and capabilities.
Current Sensing Input(s)
The unit is designed to operate from the secondary of a standard current transformer rated at 5 amperes.
The unit has a pickup adjustment range covering 0.5 to 12 amperes. The maximum continuous current
rating of each input is 20 amperes.
The one-second current rating of each input is 50 times tap or 500 amperes, whichever is less. Ratings at
less than one second are calculated as follows:
Tless)is(whicheveramperes500ortapx50
I=
where I = Maximum current
T = Time that current flows (in seconds)
Current Sensing Burden
Less than 0.01 ohm per input.
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