Basler BE1-BPR User manual

Publication: 9 2720 00 990
Revision: E 12/98
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
for
BE1-BPR
BREAKER PROTECTION RELAY

Introduction i
W A R N I N G !
TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR EQUIPMENT DAMAGE, ONLY
QUALIFIEDPERSONNEL SHOULD PERFORM THE PROCEDURES
PRESENTED IN THIS MANUAL.
INTRODUCTION
This manual provides information concerning the operation and installation of the BE1-BPR
Breaker Protection Relay. To accomplish this, the following is provided.
&
Specifications
&
Functional Description
&
Installation Information
&
Testing Procedures

ii Introduction
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
OF BASLER ELECTRIC COMPANY, HIGHLAND, IL. IT IS LOANED FOR
CONFIDENTIALUSE,SUBJECTTORETURNONREQUEST,ANDWITHTHEMUTUAL
UNDERSTANDING THATIT WILL NOT BE USED IN ANY MANNER DETRIMENTAL TO
THE INTEREST OF BASLER ELECTRIC COMPANY.
First Printing: December 1994
Printed in USA
© 1995 - 1998 Basler Electric Co., Highland, IL 62249
December 1998
It is not the intention of this manual to cover all details and variations in equipment, nor does
this manual provide data for every possible contingency regarding installation or operation.
The availability and design of all features and options are subject to modification without
notice. Should further information be required, contact Basler Electric Company.
BASLER ELECTRIC
ROUTE 143, BOX 269
HIGHLAND, IL 62249 USA
http://www.basler.com, [email protected]
PHONE 618-654-2341 FAX 618-654-2351

Introduction iii
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 • GENERAL INFORMATION .................................... 1-1
DESCRIPTION ............................................. 1-1
APPLICATION - STANDARD MODELS .......................... 1-1
Breaker Failure .......................................... 1-1
Breaker Reclosing ........................................ 1-2
Timing Diagnostics ....................................... 1-2
Normal Breaker Operation Required Timing Information ........ 1-2
Failed Breaker Operation Required Timing Information ......... 1-3
Breaker Arc Detector ..................................... 1-3
IRIG-B Standard Time Format .............................. 1-3
APPLICATION - ENHANCED MODELS .......................... 1-4
Breaker Contact Maintenance and Resistor Protection ............ 1-4
Fault Recording ......................................... 1-4
MODEL NUMBERS ......................................... 1-4
SPECIFICATIONS .......................................... 1-5
SECTION 2 • APPLICATION ............................................. 2-1
GENERAL ................................................. 2-1
APPLICATION DATA ........................................ 2-1
Contact Sensing Inputs .................................... 2-1
Fault Detectors .......................................... 2-1
Instantaneous (50) Fault Detector Type 1 ................... 2-2
Moving Average Filter Fault Detector Type 2 ................ 2-3
Three-Phase Fault Instantaneous (50) Fault Detector Type 3 .... 2-4
Application of Fault Detectors ............................ 2-4
General Purpose Timers ................................... 2-5
Delay Timer ......................................... 2-5
Control Timer ........................................ 2-5
Timer Diagnostics ..................................... 2-6
Reclosing Timers ........................................ 2-6
Output Contacts ......................................... 2-6
Trip Circuit Monitor Logic .................................. 2-7
Breaker Arc Detector ..................................... 2-8
Breaker Resistor Protection ................................ 2-9
Breaker Failure Protection With Pre-Insertion Resistors .......... 2-10
Breaker Contact Duty Log ................................. 2-10
Reclosing Functions ..................................... 2-10
PREPROGRAMMED LOGIC DESCRIPTION ..................... 2-11
Breaker Failure Logic 1 For Standard Relays (BFL1) ............ 2-12
Breaker Failure Logic 2 For Standard Relays (BFL2) ............ 2-13
Breaker Failure Logic 3 For Standard Relays (BFL3) ............ 2-15
Breaker Failure Logic 1 For Enhanced Relays (BFL1E) ........... 2-17
Breaker Failure Logic 2 For Enhanced Relays (BFL2E) ........... 2-19
Breaker Failure Logic 3 For Enhanced Relays (BFL3E) ........... 2-21
SECTION3•HUMAN-MACHINEINTERFACE ............................... 3-1
SECTION 4 • FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................. 4-1
GENERAL ................................................. 4-1
HARDWARE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ....................... 4-1
Inputs ................................................. 4-1
Operating Power ...................................... 4-1
Contact Sensing ...................................... 4-1
Current Sensing ...................................... 4-1

iv Introduction
CONTENTS - Continued
SECTION 4 •FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION - Continued
Keyboard .................................................. 4-1
Serial Ports RS-232/RS-485 ............................. 4-2
Circuit Operation ......................................... 4-2
Power Supply ........................................ 4-2
Watchdog Timer ...................................... 4-3
Opto-Isolators ........................................ 4-3
Debounce Logic ...................................... 4-3
Anti-Aliasing Filter and A/D Converter ...................... 4-3
Programmable Fault Detector Logic ....................... 4-3
Programmable Timer Logic .............................. 4-3
Programmable Recloser Logic ............................ 4-3
Microprocessor Based Programmable Logic ................. 4-3
Outputs ................................................ 4-3
ALARM Relay ........................................ 4-4
Output Relays ....................................... 4-4
Targets ............................................. 4-4
LCD Display ......................................... 4-4
Serial Ports RS-232/RS-485 ............................. 4-4
SOFTWARE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ....................... 4-4
Introduction ............................................. 4-4
Startup And Menu Selection ............................. 4-5
Viewing Screens ...................................... 4-5
Default Screen ....................................... 4-5
Changing Parameters Using the Front Panel .................... 4-5
Accessing PROGRAM Mode ............................. 4-5
Selecting Menu Screen ................................. 4-8
Making the Change .................................... 4-8
Saving Changes and Exiting PROGRAM Mode ............... 4-8
Changing Parameters Using Communication Ports ............... 4-9
Password Protection ..................................... 4-11
Entering An Access Password At The Front Panel ........... 4-13
Entering An Access Password Through Communication Ports . . 4-13
Target Data ............................................ 4-13
TARGETS Screen .................................... 4-14
Relay Setup ............................................ 4-15
Transformer Ratios ................................... 4-16
Fault Detectors ...................................... 4-17
Timers ............................................. 4-19
Reclosing .......................................... 4-20
Output Hold Function. .................................... 4-23
Relay Status ........................................... 4-24
Breaker Status ......................................... 4-28
Breaker Status Menu Screens ........................... 4-28
Breaker Status Screen ................................ 4-28
Breaker Contact Duty Diagnostics (Enhanced Relays Only) .... 4-28
Breaker Operations Counter ............................ 4-31
Breaker Resistor Diagnostics ........................... 4-31
Timer Log ............................................. 4-33
Fault Log (Enhanced Relays Only) .......................... 4-35
Fault Log Listing ..................................... 4-36
Fault Summary ...................................... 4-37

Introduction v
CONTENTS - Continued
SECTION 4 •FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION - Continued
Oscillographic Data Acquisition .......................... 4-37
Downloading COMTRADE Files ......................... 4-39
Maintenance ........................................... 4-39
Time And Date ......................................... 4-40
Communications Settings ................................. 4-42
Programming A New Password ............................. 4-43
Calibrating the Analog Channels ........................... 4-44
LCD Contrast Adjustment ................................. 4-46
Default HMI Display Screen ............................... 4-46
Output Contact Testing ................................... 4-46
Firmware Version Display ................................. 4-47
SECTION 5 •BESTlogic PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC ........................... 5-1
GENERAL ................................................. 5-1
LOGIC VARIABLES ......................................... 5-2
LOGIC NAMES ............................................ 5-5
OUTPUT OPERATIONS ...................................... 5-5
Virtual Outputs .......................................... 5-5
Hardware Outputs ........................................ 5-6
Programming Output Operational Characteristics ................ 5-6
Output Programming Examples ............................. 5-7
INPUT CONTACT LOGIC ..................................... 5-7
Definition of Input Contact Operation .......................... 5-7
BESTlogic APPLICATION HINTS ............................... 5-8
BE1-BPR PREPROGRAMMED PROTECTION SCHEMES ........... 5-9
Breaker Failure Logic 1 For Standard Relays (BFL1) ............ 5-10
Breaker Failure Logic 2 For Standard Relays (BFL2) ............ 5-11
Breaker Failure Logic 3 For Standard Relays (BFL3) ............ 5-12
Breaker Failure Logic 1 For Enhanced Relays (BFL1E) ........... 5-13
Breaker Failure Logic 2 For Enhanced Relays (BFL2E) ........... 5-14
Breaker Failure Logic 3 For Enhanced Relays (BFL3E) ........... 5-15
PROGRAMMING CUSTOM PROTECTION SCHEMES ............. 5-16
Customizing Preprogrammed Schemes ...................... 5-16
Programming Custom Schemes ............................ 5-16
CUSTOM APPLICATION EXAMPLES .......................... 5-17
Breaker Failure Logic For Breakers With Pre-Insertion Resistors . . . 5-17
Breaker Failure Logic With Reclosing (BF+79) ................. 5-18
SECTION 6 •COMMUNICATIONS ......................................... 6-1
GENERAL ................................................. 6-1
Interface ............................................... 6-1
Applications ............................................ 6-1
BESTview for WindowsTM .................................. 6-1
COMMAND FORMAT ........................................ 6-2
Multi-Drop (Polled) Command Operation ....................... 6-2
CREATING SETTINGS FILES ................................. 6-3
COMMANDS .............................................. 6-5
SECTION 7 •INSTALLATION ............................................ 7-1
GENERAL ................................................. 7-1
OPERATING PRECAUTIONS ................................. 7-1
Dielectric Test ........................................... 7-1

vi Introduction
CONTENTS - Continued
SECTION 7 •INSTALLATION - Continued
MOUNTING ................................................ 7-1
General ................................................ 7-1
Installing Escutcheon Plates ................................ 7-6
SECTION 4 •INSTALLATION - Continued
Horizontal Mount ...................................... 7-6
Vertical Mount ........................................ 7-6
CONNECTIONS ............................................ 7-7
COMMUNICATION CONNECTORS AND SETTINGS ................ 7-8
Front/Rear RS-232 Connectors .............................. 7-8
RS-485 Connections ..................................... 7-11
Communication Settings .................................. 7-11
Setup ................................................ 7-11
IRIG-B Connections ..................................... 7-12
SECTION 8 •CALIBRATION AND TESTING ................................. 8-1
CALIBRATION ............................................. 8-1
Calibration Using A Communications Port ...................... 8-1
Calibration Using The Front Panel Display and Keyboard .......... 8-1
OPERATIONAL TEST PROCEDURE ............................ 8-2
Preliminary Setup Procedure ................................ 8-2
Select Operational Logic ................................... 8-2
Entering Settings ......................................... 8-3
Operational Testing ....................................... 8-4
SECTION 9 •MAINTENANCE ............................................ 9-1
GENERAL ................................................. 9-1
STORAGE ................................................. 9-1
SECTION 10 •MANUAL CHANGE INFORMATION ........................... 10-1
APPENDIX A •TERMINAL EMULATION ....................................A-1
APPENDIX B •COMMANDS SUMMARY ....................................B-1
APPENDIX C •RELAY SETTINGS RECORD .................................C-1
INDEX ................................................................ 1

BE1-BPR General Information 1-1
SECTION 1 • GENERAL INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION
BE1-BPR Breaker Protection Relays are three-phase and neutral, microprocessor based relays designed
to provide power systems with protection and security against monitored breaker failure or to initiate multiple
shot breaker reclosings.
Theserelaysincorporateapowerfulmeansof programminginternalrelaylogic to satisfy awiderangeofuser
requirements without makingany relay hardware changes. Microprocessor based design provides the basic
features of a programmable logic controller (PLC) combined with an instantaneous overcurrent module.
Cased in either a 19inchrack-mount or avertical panelmount , the relay offers installation versatility. A wide
temperature, 2 line by 16 character display provides diagnostic and setup information. Two RS-232 serial
ports (one each front and rear) and one RS-485 serial port (rear) provide remote communication and relay
control.
Built-in diagnostics andmonitoring features provideinformation for both thehealth of the relay and the health
of the breaker being monitored. Relay diagnostics include continuous background monitoring of the power
supplies, analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and
electrically-erasableprogrammableROM(EEPROM). Adedicatedalarm(ALM)relay output providespower
supply, microprocessor, and software alarm status. Breaker diagnostics include a timing diagnostic log,
breaker contact duty monitoring, breaker resistor protection, and breaker arc detection. Other monitoring
features include oscillographic fault records and fault summary logs. BE1-BPR relays use the Inter-Range
Instrumentation Group (IRIG), Format B for high timing accuracy and resolution.
APPLICATION - STANDARD MODELS
Breaker Failure
BE1-BPR relays are intended to provide a preprogrammed solution for most breaker failure relaying
applications. Breaker failure relaying is the use of a current monitoring relay to determine whether or not
current continues to flow into a faulted circuit after a breaker has been instructed to interrupt the circuit. If
current continues to flow into the faulted circuit after a defined period of time has elapsed (sufficient for the
breaker to have interrupted the current), the circuit breaker is considered to have failed. Steps must then
be taken to trip the next set of breakers in the power system to prevent system damage. Breaker failure
schemes must be designed to isolate both the faulted circuit and the failed breaker.
Several reasons why a breaker fails to clear a fault are:
&
Trip circuit is open (broken wire, blown fuse, open trip coil).
&
Interrupting mechanism stuck, leaving a single phase of a three-phase circuit connected.
&
Interrupter flash-over due to the loss of dielectric strength through contamination or damage.
&
Operating mechanism failed to operate.
Breaker failure relays detect these conditions and initiate backup procedures.
Breaker failure relays are applied on a per breaker basis. That is, one breaker failure relay for each breaker
in the substation. BE1-BPR relay outputs must be arranged to initiate the tripping of all the circuit breakers
necessary to isolate the fault if the protected circuit breaker fails to operate. The relay may also need to
initiate transfer tripping of remote breakers to accomplish this task. Transfer tripping of the remote line end
for a breaker failure should also block reclosing of the remote circuit breakers. External lockout relays are
typically used to trip and block reclosing of the backup breakers because they normally require a positive
operator action to reset them.
Typically, breaker failure protection is applied to transmission and subtransmission systems. However,
breaker failureprotectionmay be applied to any portion of the power system where failureof a circuitbreaker
to operate properly could result in severe system damage or instability. Breaker failure protection can also
be used to selectively clear a failed breaker inastation with multiple buses without clearing the entire station.

1-2 BE1-BPR General Information
Breaker Reclosing
BPRrelayscan beconfiguredasmultipleshotreclosingrelaysthatoperateinparallelandindependentlyfrom
the breaker failure function.
Three major factors should be considered when establishing a reclosing philosophy.
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Desired number or reclosure attempts.
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Time delay between breaker opening and reclosure.
&
Supervisory control.
The first major factor is the desired number of reclosure attempts. Where most faults are attributable to
heavy tree exposure, as in distribution networks, multiple reclosure attempts are common. This is possible
because of low voltage levels and is desirable considering customer inconvenience during outages. BE1-
BPR relays are programmable for up to three reclosure attempts per sequence. This allows tailoring of the
reclosing sequence to the specific needs of the circuit.
The second major factor is the time delay between breaker opening and reclosure. On subtransmission and
distribution networks, it is necessary to ensure that motors are no longer running and that local generation
is off-line prior to attempting reclosure. At the same time, a rapid reclosure minimizes damage, ionization,
and system shock in transmission networks. After the first reclosure attempt, additional attempts are
generally delayed to allow for de-ionization of the interrupter. BE1-BPR relays have three reclosing shots
and each shot has a programmable time delay. Three outputs are available. They are CLOSE, RECLOSE
FAIL, and LOCKOUT.
A third major factor to be considered in reclosing is supervisory control. Supervisory control allows the
operator to maintain control of the system at all times. BE1-BPR relays have two supervisory inputs (WAIT
and LOCKOUT). WAIT stops the reclose sequence at any point and allows the sequence to continue when
the WAIT input is removed. LOCKOUT drives the reclose function immediately to lockout status and takes
precedence over all other inputs.
Timing Diagnostics
To perform the typical breaker failure operation previously described, the breaker failure relay must be
informed by a breaker failure initiate (BFI) contact that the breaker is being opened. One or more timers, in
conjunction with the overcurrent element, determines if the breaker failure output (BFO) picks up.
Typically one or more delay timers are used to delay the BFO until the primary protection scheme has had
enough time to operate. A control timer may be alsobeused to turn off the BFO after the backup protection
has had enough time to operate.
Calculation of the correct timer values is an important part of setting up the relay. You must know how long
it takes for the internal and external devices to operate. Typical timing sequences are listed in the following
paragraphs and shown in Figure 1-1. Parentheses in the listed timing information indicate related times in
Figure 1-1. Specific timing data for BE1-BPR relays is provided in the latter part of this section.
Normal Breaker Operation Required Timing Information
(1) Time for protective relays to operate — (this includes sending a trip signal to the breaker and
sending a BFI signal to the BE1-BPR).
(2) Time required for the breaker to open.
(3) Time required for the BE1-BPR overcurrent detector to drop out.
(4) Margin to allow for variations in normal sequence timing plus a safety factor.
(12) Control timer setting = the length of time to maintain the breaker failure operating window. Control
timer setting must coordinate with the high speed reclose delay (13).
(13) Time to allow for arc de-ionization.

BE1-BPR General Information 1-3
Figure 1-1. Breaker Failure Timing Diagram
Failed Breaker Operation Required Timing Information
(5) Time for the BFI overcurrent detector to pickup.
(6) Time required for the BFI contact to be recognized by the BE1-BPR.
(7) Time for the BF logic to operate.
(8) Time for the BFO relay to operate.
(9) Time for the external lockout relay to pickup.
(10) Time for the backup breakers to operate.
(11) Delay timer setting = the sum of (breaker operate time (2) + BF current detector dropout time (3)
+ margin (4) ) minus BFI contact pickup time (6).
Because timing is such an important part of breaker failure protection, the BE1-BPR relay provides timing
diagnostics to assist in determining if the timer settings are optimal and to allow other aspects of the
protection system to be checked. This timing diagnostic is a Timer Log or TLOG. An example of its use is
to create a log of the margin remaining between when a fault is cleared and when a breaker failure would
occur. After a normal breaker operation clears a fault, the time remaining from when the BE1-BPR
overcurrent fault detector drops out and the breaker failure delaytimer would have timed out is the MARGIN.
This time can be recorded by saving the time left on the delay timer when the fault detector drops out by
using the program timer log alarm (PTLOG) command. The time logged will correspond to the MARGIN
value in Figure 1-1. If there is a discrepancy between the calculated and actual margin value stored in the
TLOG, corrective action can be taken to correct the protection timing before a serious problem occurs. If
the MARGIN is too small or too large, the delay timer setting can be adjusted for optimal operation. The
PTLOG command also allows an alarm time to be programmed so that if the MARGIN drops below a pre-
determined value, the Alarm output (ALM) can be automatically closed to signal the operator that immediate
attention is required. Timing diagnostics can be programmed for each of the six timers available.
Breaker Arc Detector
An important breaker diagnostic feature is the detection of low level arcing across an open breaker
(flashover). Flashover might occur because lightning struck and a surge suppressor failed or air pressure
in an airblast circuit breaker is lost. If left undetected, severe damage to the breaker contacts could result.
BE1-BPR relays can detect this type of fault using an extra low level phase overcurrent pickup and a long
moving average filter. These features have been provided as standard features in the BE1-BPR relays.
Used with the programmable logic, a breaker arc detector can be programmed to provide a breaker close
output to close the breaker and extinguish the arc. Additional interlocks may be added to the logic to inhibit
the breaker close signal if the breaker is isolating a faulted line.
IRIG-B Standard Time Format
The IRIG-B function allows the BE1-BPR relay to synchronize the on-board real time clock with a standard
IRIG-B demodulated time signal. Synchronization is automatic and the BE1-BPR initiates synchronization
at regular intervals (approximately 20 seconds) in order to maintain the one millisecond overall accuracy.

1-4 BE1-BPR General Information
APPLICATION - ENHANCED MODELS
Enhanced BE1-BPR models have all of the features of standard models plus the additional features
described in the following paragraphs.
Breaker Contact Maintenance and Resistor Protection
Enhanced model BE1-BPR relays can perform two protection diagnostic functions other than the breaker
failure function. One, they can estimate breaker contact duty (wear) and signal when preventative
maintenance is needed. Two, they can estimate breaker opening resistor heating and provide a block
reclose signal toprotect the breaker resistor when the resistor heating could exceed the maximum resistor
rating.
Fault Recording
Enhanced model BE1-BPR relays can also be configured to record and save digital fault data for all three
phases plus neutral (0 to 200 amperes) and the digital state of each input and output contact. Analog
waveforms are digitized by sampling the waveforms at a periodic rate and converting the measured signals
to digital values. When a fault occurs, the digital data is stored as a fault record. Multiple fault records can
be stored and recalled through the serial port by an operator. To display the fault waveform for analysis,
recalled data can be imported into a data base file and converted into a graph. Standard programs that read
and display ASCII data (in accordance with
IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange
(COMTRADE) for Power Systems
) can also be used. BESTView application software provides a simple
terminal interface to communicate with the relay, retrieve and displayCOMTRADE oscillographic fault data,
and provide a remote front panel interface. This software is not required to communicate with the relay.
However, it combines the functions of a number of separate packages into one program that is optimized for
the BE1-BPR relay. To order this software free of charge, contact the Customer Service Department of the
Power Systems Group, Basler Electric, and request
BESTView Software Package
, part number
9 2720 17 10.
MODEL NUMBERS
Tables1-1 and1-2provide informationforthenominalcurrent input tothe currenttransformers,partnumber,
options, mounting style, and operating power supply voltage. Standard BE1-BPR relays do not have
oscillography, fault records, contact duty logs, or two calibration levels (current metering is limited to 10
amperes).
Table 1-1. BE1-BPR Relays, Five-Ampere CT Secondary
Part Number Options Mounting Style IRIG-B Power Supply
9 2720 00 300 Standard 19" Rack Mount Yes 48/125 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 301 Standard 19" Rack Mount Yes 125/250 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 302 Enhanced 19" Rack Mount Yes 48/125 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 303 Enhanced 19" Rack Mount Yes 125/250 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 309 Standard Vertical Mount Yes 48/125 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 310 Standard Vertical Mount Yes 125/250 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 311 Enhanced Vertical Mount Yes 48/125 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 312 Enhanced Vertical Mount Yes 125/250 V ac/dc

BE1-BPR General Information 1-5
Table 1-2. BE1-BPR Relays, One-Ampere Secondary
Part Number Options Mounting Style IRIG-B Power Supply
9 2720 00 304 Standard 19" Rack Mount Yes 48/125 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 305 Standard 19" Rack Mount Yes 125/250 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 306 Enhanced 19" Rack Mount Yes 48/125 V ac/dc
9 2720 00 307 Enhanced 19" Rack Mount Yes 125/250 V ac/dc
SPECIFICATIONS
BE1-BPR Breaker Protection Relays have the following features and capabilities.
Current Sensing Four isolated inputs with a maximum burden of less than 0.1 ohm.
5 Ampere CT Maximum continuous current: 20 amperes. Maximum one second current:
500 amperes.
1 Ampere CT Maximum continuous current: 4 amperes. Maximum one second current:
80 amperes.
Current Detector Instantaneous Fault Detector (50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 1 and 3):
Pickup Time 1¼ cycle maximum for current 125% greater than pickup.
Moving Average Window Fault Detector (50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 2):
Maximum pickup time is (Window_size/C_PM + 1¼(cy)), where
Window_size = Filter window size in cycles (Range 1 - 100) and C_PM =
Current Pickup Multiple
Current Detector Instantaneous Fault Detector (50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 1 and 3):
Dropout Time Dropout/pickup ratio: 90%, typical. One-quarter cycle (4.2 milliseconds @
60 hertz) from the time the current falls below and stays below 25% of the
RMS level or 1¼cycle from the time the RMS current signal decreases to
less than 75% of pickup.
Moving Average Window Fault Detector
(50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 2):
Maximum dropout time is (Window_size-(Window_size/C_PM) +1¼(cy)),
where Window_size = Filter window size in cycles (Range 1 - 100) and
C_PM = Current Pickup Multiple level before dropout.
Current Pickup Range Three independent settings, selectable as three-phase or neutral
Instantaneous Fault Detector (50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 1 and 3):
(5 ampere CT) - 0.25 to 9.99 amperes selectable in 0.01 increments
(1 ampere CT) - 0.05 to 2.00 amperes selectable in 0.01 increments
Moving Average Window Fault Detector
(50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 2):
(5 ampere CT) - 0.05 to 1.00 amperes selectable in 0.01 increments
(1 ampere CT) - 0.01 to 0.20 amperes selectable in 0.01 increments
Current Pickup Accuracy Instantaneous Fault Detector (50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 1 and 3):
(5 ampere CT) - ±2% of pickup setting or ±0.05 ampere (whichever is
greater)
(1 ampere CT) - ±2% of pickup setting or ±0.01 ampere (whichever is
greater)

1-6 BE1-BPR General Information
Moving Average Window Fault Detector (50/60 Hz RMS Filter Type 2):
(5 ampere CT) ±25% with window of 10 cycles or larger
(1 ampere CT) ±25% with window of 10 cycles or larger
Sample Rate 12 samples per cycle (720 samples per second @ 60 hertz, 600 samples
per second @ 50 hertz).
Oscillograph Recording
Range (5 ampere CT) 0 - 200 amperes, RMS.
(1 ampere CT) 0 - 40 amperes, RMS.
Oscillograph Data Accuracy ±0.2% of full scale or 5% of reading - whichever is greater
Oscillograph Recording
Format
IEEE C37.111-1991, IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data
Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power Systems.
Input Contact Sensing
Recognition Time Userprogrammable4-255milliseconds±0.01%ofsettingtoclosestsample
time (one-twelfth cycle= 1.4 milliseconds at 60 hertz or 1.7 milliseconds at
50 hertz).
Contact Sensing Input
Range Contact input circuits require an applied sensing voltage within the relay dc
power supply input rating range. Energizing levels for contact sensing
inputs are jumper selectable. Table 1-3 lists the turn-on range for each
control voltage range and jumper position.
Input Contact Sensing
Burden Burdenper contactfor sensingdependsonthepowersupplymodelandthe
input voltage. The input sensing range is the same as the dc power supply
range. Table 1-3 provides appropriate burden specifications.
Table 1-3. Input Contact Sensing Burden
Power Supply Burden
48/125 V ac/dc 30 k
6
125/250 V ac/dc 100 k
6
IRIG-B Input Burden IRIG-B burden is non-linear and fully isolated using optical couplers. With
a typical 5.0 volt input signal, burden is 4 k
6
. Maximum input signal level
is 25 volts. Minimum input signal level is 4.5 volts.
Timers
Standard (TD[n]) Six microprocessor controlled timers. Programmable in milliseconds,
seconds or cycles. Ranges and increments are: 10 to 999 milliseconds in
1 millisecond increments; 1 to 60 seconds in 0.1 second increments; or 1
to 3,600 cycles in 1 cycle increments. A setting of 0 will disable the timer.
If programmed incycles, theBE1-BPR relaywill display the equivalent time
in milliseconds.
Reclosing (TD79[n]) Six microprocessor controlled timers. Programmable in milliseconds,
seconds, or cycles. Ranges and increments are: 10 to 999 milliseconds in
1 millisecond increments; 1 to 99 seconds in 0.1 second increments; 100
to 600 seconds in 1 second increments; or 1 to 9,999 cycles in 1 cycle
increments.
Timer Accuracy
Standard (TD[n]) +4 and -1 milliseconds ±0.01% of setting.
Reclosing (TD79[n]) +20 and -1 milliseconds ±0.01% of setting.
Real Time Clock Setability ±1 second

BE1-BPR General Information 1-7
Real Time Clock Resolution ±1 second
Real Time Clock Stability ±30 ppm typical
Real Time Clock Accuracy Relays with IRIG-B, ±1 millisecond. If IRIG-B signal is lost, accuracy
defaults to the real time clock stability.
BESTLogic Operate Time Operate time is 1.4 milliseconds typical, 2.8 milliseconds maximum. (at
60 hertz)
Output Relays Any output contact closed by the relay logic will be held closed for 200 to
250 milliseconds even if the initial cause of the closing goes away. After
200 to 250 milliseconds, the relay close time is determined by the state of
the relay logic. This minimum hold time may be disabled by using the
PHOLD command.
Factory preset output
contact configuration:
ALARM Output:
Output 1 - 5: Output contacts close when ALARM logic (LOA) is true or power is lost.
Output contacts close when the corresponding logic equation (LO1 - LO5)
is true.
Output Relay Pickup Time
ALARM:
Output 1:
Output 2, 3, 4, 5:
8 milliseconds typical, 10 milliseconds maximum.
¼cycle (4.2 milliseconds) maximum.
8 milliseconds typical, 10 milliseconds maximum.
Output Contact Rating
Resistive:
120/240 Vac
250 Vdc
Inductive:
120/240 Vac
125/250 Vdc
Output contacts are rated as follows:
Make and carry 30 amperes for 0.2 second, carry 7 amperes continuously,
and break 7 amperes.
Makeandcarry30amperesfor0.2seconds,carry7amperescontinuously,
and break 0.3 amperes.
Makeandcarry30amperesfor0.2seconds,carry7amperescontinuously,
and break 0.3 amperes. (L/R=0.04).
Display Two lines by 16 character LCD alphanumeric display with LED backlight.
Targets/Indicators
POWER:
CLOCK:
50PU:
ALARM:
TARGET:
Five diagnostic LEDs are provided.
Green LED (normally ON) to indicate power supply is operating.
Green LED (normally OFF) turns ON to indicate that the clock needs to be
set.
Red LED(normallyOFF) turns ONto indicate one or more of the inputs has
exceeded the pickup level(s).
RedLED(normallyOFF)turnsONtoindicateproblems. Output A(ALARM)
de-energizes (closes) when ALARM LED is ON.
Red LED (normally OFF) turns ON if one or more of the relay outputs has
been energized. (If programmed by the PTARGET command.)
Keypad Five keys are used to access information on the display and enter
settings.
Communications
Connectors:
Baud Rate:
Buffer Size:
Only one communication port can be active at any time.
Front panel - RS-232, 9 pin, female, D-sub DCE
Rear panel - RS-232, 9 pin, female, D-sub DCE; RS-485, 3 position
terminal block
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 19.2 k (19,200)
40 characters.

1-8 BE1-BPR General Information
Protocol: ASCII and binary data transmissions
Power Supply Power for the internal circuitry may be derived from ac or dc external power
sources and is provided in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4. Power Supply Specifications
Power
Supply
Range
Nominal
Input
Voltage
Input Voltage
Range Burden at
Nominal
(Maximum
48/125 V 48 Vdc
125 Vdc
120 Vac
40 to 60 Vdc
90 to 150 Vdc
100 to 130 Vac
8 W (10 W)
8 W (10 W)
8 W (10 W)
125/250 V 125 Vdc
120 Vac
250 Vdc
240 Vac
90 to 150 Vdc
100 to 130 Vac
180 to 300 Vdc
200 to 260 Vac
8 W (10 W)
8 W (10 W)
8 W (10 W)
8 W (10 W)
Isolation All output and power supply terminals have MOV suppressors. Maximum
applied voltage must be no greater than 300volts whereMOV suppressors
are used. Surge suppression capacitors are installed between terminal
pairs and between terminals and chassis ground. When testing with 1,500
Vac, leakage current (approximately 8 milliamperes per terminal) is
expected. 1,500 Vac (RMS) at 45 to 65 hertz for one minute or 2,121 Vdc
may be applied between circuit groups, and between circuit groupt and
chassisgroundinaccordancewithIEC255-5andANSI/IEEEC37.90-1989
(Dielectric Tests).
Surge Withstand Capability Qualified to ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1-1989,
Standard Surge Withstand
Capability (SWC) Tests for Protective Relays and Relay Systems.
Note:
this qualification does not include the front RS-232 communication port.
Radio Frequency
Interference (RFI) Field tested using a five watt, hand held transceiver operating at random
frequencies centered around 144 megahertz and 440 megahertz, with the
antenna allocated six inches from the relay in both horizontal and vertical
planes.
Operating Temperature -40
(
C (-40
(
F) to +70
(
C (+158
(
F)
Storage Temperature -40
(
C (-40
(
F) to +70
(
C (+158
(
F)
Shock Type tested to withstand 15 g in each of three mutually perpendicular
planes, swept over the range of 10 to 500 Hz for a total of 6 sweeps, 15
minutes each sweep, without structural damage or degradation of
performance.
Vibration Typetested towithstand2gineachof threemutuallyperpendicularplanes,
swept over the range of 10 to 500 Hz for a total of 6 sweeps, 15 minutes
each sweep, without structural damage or degradation of performance.
Weight 12 pounds maximum

BE1-BPR Application 2-1
SECTION 2 • APPLICATION
GENERAL
BE1-BPR relays have seven inputs and five outputs plus an alarm output. There are three general purpose
overcurrent fault detectors, six multipurpose timers, a three-shot recloser, and special outputs that are
internallygeneratedby themicroprocessor. Usingsimplebooleanexpressions,theusercanlogicallyconnect
the various functional blocks to create a custom, application specific, logic scheme to handle special
protection requirements.
Standard model relays have the following special features:
&
Three shot recloser.
&
Pre-insertion breaker resistor operations counter with programmable reset and block reclose signal.
&
Six configurable timing diagnostic logseach with anoptionalalarm setting. This feature can be used
to monitor the various protection system parameters such as the margin between normal breaker
operation and breaker fail.
Enhanced model relays have the standard model features plus these special features:
&
Twelve entry fault log detailing the system and relay status at the time the fault trigger occurred
&
Twelve entry COMTRADE fault record consisting of configuration (CFG) and data (DAT) files. The
COMTRADE data contains 4 cycles of pre-fault and 16 cycles of post-fault data sampled at 12
samples per cycle. Each sample consists of the analog-to-digital convertor values for each current
channel as well as 32 digital channels (a digital channel is for the digital status of an input, output, or
alarm).
&
Integrated I2t breaker contact duty monitor with alarm.
A minimum of three basic breaker failure schemes are pre-programmed into non-volatile memory. These
schemes takefulladvantageof the special features available in this relay without requiring theuser to doany
programming. The user only selects the scheme desired and enters the pickup and timer settings.
APPLICATION DATA
Contact Sensing Inputs
Each BE1-BPR relay provides seven opto-isolated contact sensing inputs. Three inputs (IN1-3) are each
completely isolated. Inputs 4 and 5 (IN4, IN5) share one common terminal and inputs 6 and 7 (IN6, IN7)
share another common terminal. Each input has programmable recognition and debounce (time allowed for
the external contacts to stabilize) times. Typically the default setting of four milliseconds recognition and
twelve millisecond debounce should be used unless extremely slow or irregular contacts are applied. The
default setting assures that the signal be present on at least two consecutive scans of the input status before
recognition can occur.
It is recommended that for protective functions, a positive true logic be used to enable protective outputs.
This prevents a broken wire or loose connection from causing a protective trip. For example, a 52b input
would be preferred for protection logic that is enabled when the breakeropens (i.e. block recloseor breaker
arcing/flash over) and a 52a input would be preferred for protection logic that should be enabled when the
breaker closes. On the other hand, for a diagnostic alarm, a negative true logic may be preferred since it will
give an alarm if the checked diagnostic occurs and also give an alarm (depending on the logic) for a bad or
broken connection.
Fault Detectors
BPR relays provide three independent fault detectors. Each fault detector can be programmed for phase or
neutral input sensing. Also, each fault detector can be setup to operate as an instantaneous (50) or moving
average filter (MAF) fault detector.

2-2 BE1-BPR Application
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
1.05 1.25 2 5 20 40
MULTIPLES OF PICKUP
MAX. PICKUP TIME (ms)
PU=9.99A
PU=5.00A
PU=0.25A
Figure 2-1. Maximum Pickup Timing
Instantaneous (50) Fault Detector Type 1
An instantaneous fault detector provides a typical one cycle pickup and one-quarter cycle dropout for high
speed operation. A threecycle software delayis imposedon anyType1 fault detector when the current level
is less than 40 milliamperes above the pickup setting. This prevents noise induced trips from occurring. The
Type 1 is used in BF logic schemes and is programmed by setting the fault detector logic (LF) type to PI
(phase overcurrent) or NI (neutral overcurrent) and the digital filter selection to 1.
For the fault detector to pickup, the RMS value of the last cycle of current must be above the pickup setting.
Due to the analog input circuitry design, the RMS value is clamped (limited) at approximately 13 amperes.
As the multiple of pickup level increases, the pickup time decreases. Because of the limiting above 13
amperes, the pickup time does not appreciably decrease at high multiples of pickup. Also, the pickup may
be delayed up to one-quarter cycle because the RMS current is calculated every quarter cycle. However,
in no case will the pickup be slower than one and one-quarter cycles.
Figure 2-1 shows maximum pickup timing versus current input levels.
For the Type 1 fault detector to dropout, one of two conditions must occur. One, three sequential analog-to-
digital (A/D) samples must be less than one-fourth of the RMS current level for the last quarter-cycle
calculation. Two, the RMS current signal level must decrease to less than 75% of pickup. Samples are
made twelve times per line cycle and RMS current is calculated four times per line cycle. Three samples are
used to compensate for zero crossings and noise. A short dropout delay is advantageous for BF logic in
order to allow for the minimum timing margin in critical applications.
Figure 2-2 shows maximum dropout timing versus current input levels.

BE1-BPR Application 2-3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1.05 1.25 2 5 20 40
MULTIPLES OF PICKUP BEFORE DROPOUT
MAX. DROPOUT TIME (ms)
PU=9.99A
PU=5.00A
PU=0.25A
Figure 2-2. Maximum Dropout Timing
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1.05 1.25 2 5 20 40
MULTIPLES OF PICKUP
MAX. PICKUP TIME (ms)
PU= 1.00A ,10 CYC
PU= 0.50A ,10 CYC
PU= 0.05A ,10 CYC
Figure 2-3. Maximum Pickup Timing With 10 Cycle MAF FD
Moving Average Filter Fault Detector Type 2
A moving average filter (MAF) fault detector provides for a slower but more consistent pickup at low current
levels. A MAF fault detector shouldbe usedin applications wherethecurrent to be detected is less than 0.25
ampere. Typically, the responsetime forpickup anddropout depends on the number ofcycles averagedand
how high the input current is above pickup.
Figure 2-3 shows maximum pickup timing versus current input levels for a 10 cycle MAF fault detector.
This MAF fault detector is programmed by settingthe fault detectordigitalfilterselectionto2(DFLTR2). For
the MAF fault detector to pickup (or dropout), the RMS value of the average of the last 'n' cycles of current
must be above (or below) the pickup setting. Typically, this filter is slow to pickup and slow to dropout but
it is intended for use in low current applications where speed is not critical.

2-4 BE1-BPR Application
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.05 1.25 2 5 20 40
MULTIPLES OF PICKUP BEFORE DROPOUT
MAX. DROPOUT TIME (ms)
PU= 1.00A ,10 CYC
PU= 0.50A ,10 CYC
PU= 0.05A ,10 CYC
Figure 2-4. Maximum Dropout Timing With 10 Cycle MAF Fault Detector
Figure 2-4 shows maximum dropout timing versus current input levels for a 10 cycle MAF fault detector.
Three-Phase Fault Instantaneous (50) Fault Detector Type 3
This fault detector has the samecharacteristics as theType1 instantaneous fault detectorwiththe exception
that all three phases must be picked up before the fault detector will pickup. This fault detector can be used
in BF logicschemesand is programmed by setting the fault detector logic (LF) type toPI (phaseovercurrent)
and the digital filter selection to 3.
A 3-phase fault istheworst case fault forsystem stability and requires fast clearing times with small margins.
A 3-phase fault fault detector and a separate timer could be used in addition to the3-phasefault detector and
timer to allow BF protection for both worst case faults and normal faults.
Application of Fault Detectors
Phase and Ground Instantaneous Fault Detectors.
Normally, it is adequate to monitor the three phase
currents as they represent thecurrent inthepoles of the protected breaker. However, if the sensitivity of the
ground relays is significantly higher than the sensitivity of the phase relays, it may be desirable to apply a
ground fault detector so that you can be assured that the breaker failure protection will pickup for any fault
that issensed bytheinitiatingrelays. Each fault detector canbe independently set to monitor either the three
phase current inputs or theneutralcurrent input. Fault detector F1 is programmed as a phase instantaneous
fault detector and fault detector F2 is programmed as a neutral instantaneous fault detector in all of the
preprogrammed logic schemes.
Three-Phase Instantaneous Fault Detectors.
Forsystemstability,athree-phasefaultistheworstcase. The
dynamic stability of the system is not affected as much by the other fault combinations. Since three-phase
faults are generally more rare than the other fault combinations, it may be desirable to enhance security by
treating three-phase faults differently. One of the fault detectors can be set up as a PI,3 (phase current,
Type 3) fault detector to supervise a timer set at the three phase fault, dynamic stability limit. The normal
timer supervised by the other fault detectors would then be set with a longer time delay (with more margin)
set at the two phase and ground fault (the next worst case), dynamic stability limit.
Low Level Current Detector.
If the breaker fails while being opened for normal load switching or due to re-
strike after the line has been isolated, the currents flowing across the failed interrupter may be too low to
reliablydetectbyconventionalmeans. TheType2faultdetector’smovingaveragefilterallows the BE1-BPR
to discern the low level line charging current from random noise. The application of this fault detector is
described in detail in the
Breaker Arc Detector
sub-section. Fault detector F3 is programmed as a phase
MAF fault detector in all pre-programmed logic schemes.

BE1-BPR Application 2-5
Figure 2-5. Multiple Breaker Arrangement
INITIATE
OUTPUT
RESET
TD[n]
D2635-11
04-01-98
Figure 2-6. Delay Timer Operation
INITIATE
OUTPUT TD
[
n
]
RESET D2635-12
04-02-98
Figure 2-7. Control Timer Operation
Multiple Breaker Arrangements.
In ring bus and breaker
and a half bus applications, CTs from two breakers are
often connected in parallel. If the BE1-BPR is connected
to these CTs as shown in Figure 2-5, low fault detector
pickup settings should be used with caution. In this
arrangement, the CT feeding the BE1-BPR can be
energized on the secondary side from the CT on the
adjacent circuit breaker. This results is current flowing in
the BE1-BPR even when the protected circuit breaker
has successfully interrupted the fault. This secondary
excitation current is generally negligibleexcept when flux
remnants or high current/burden causes the CT to
saturate.
General Purpose Timers
Each BPR relay provides six independent timers for breaker failure timing and diagnostics. Each timer can
be programmed as a delay or a control timer and can have independent START and RESET conditions.
Each timer can also provide a diagnostic log and/or alarm. These features are explained in the following
paragraphs.
Dela
y
Timer
A Delay timer has two inputs START and RESET, and
one output T[n]. The timer will not start until the start
condition becomes TRUE and the RESET input is
FALSE. Once the timer is started, a pre-programmed
time delay, TD[n], is loaded and the timer starts timing
out. Toggling of the START input has no effect once the
timeris started. Thetimer times out TD[n]timeafterthe
timer is started unless the timer is RESET before the
time expires. If the timer times out, then the T[n] output
becomes TRUE. After timeout, T[n] remains TRUE until
the timer is RESET. Delay timer operation is illustrated
in Figure 2-6.
This type of timer is used to delay an operation in order to allow time for other processes to occur. For
example, in breaker failure applications, a delay timer is user to delay the breaker failure output until the
primary protection scheme has sufficient time to operate the breaker and open the circuit.
Control Timer
A Control timer has two inputs START and RESET, and
one output T[n]. The timer will not start until the start
condition becomesTRUE and the RESET input is FALSE.
Once the timer is started, a pre-programmed time delay,
TD[n], is loaded and the timer starts timing out. The timer
times out TD[n] time after the timer is started unless the
timer is RESET before the time expires. During the entire
period the timer is ON (i.e. not timed out and not reset),
the output T[n] is TRUE. If the timer times out, then the
T[n] output becomes FALSE. After timeout, the T[n]
remains FALSE until the timer is RESET and a new
START input is received. Control timer operation is
illustrated in Figure 2-7.
This type of timer is used to provide a limited window oftime for an operation to occur or to provide a
feedback signal to latch-in an input for a predetermined time. For example, in breaker failure applications,
a control timer can be used to latch-in a BFI input to ensure that once a BFI occurs a premature opening of
the BFI for whatever reason does not disable the BF logic.
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