The vital ingredients
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For bread making
Flour isthemostimportantingredientusedforbread
making.Itprovidesfoodfortheyeastandgives
structuretotheloaf.Whenmixedwithliquid,the
proteinintheflourstartstoformgluten.Glutenis
anetworkofelasticstrandsthatinterlocktotrap
thegasesproducedbyyeast.Thisprocessincreases
asthedoughcontinueskneadingandprovidesthe
structurerequiredtoproducetheweightandshape
ofthebakedbread.
White wheat flour soldasbaker’s,breadorplain
flourmaybeused.Plainflourismostreadily
available,however,bestresultsareobtainedwith
flouratleast11%-1%proteincontent.Forthis
reason,therecipesinthisbookrequiringbreadflour
havebeenmadewithflourwith11%proteincontent.
Thisisnormallyindicatedonthepackaging.Donot
sifttheflouroruseself-raisingflourforbreadmaking
unlessindicatedintherecipe.
When using a low-protein, plain, stone ground
or wholemeal flour the quality of the bread can
be improved by adding gluten flour.
Note
‘Defiance’ brand baker’s flour
Thisflourisavailablenationallyatlarger
supermarketsandwasusedforthedevelopment
oftherecipesinthisbookthatrequiredbread
flour.Itisahighprotein,whitebreadflour,
with11%protein.
New Zealand only:
‘Elfin High Grade White Flour’ or ‘Champion High
Grade Flour’. These are high protein, white bread
flours containing 12% protein.
Wholemeal wheat flourcontainsthebran,germand
flourofthewheatgrain.Althoughbreadsbakedwith
thistypeofflourwillbehigherinfibre,theloafmay
beheavierintexture.Lightertexturedbreadcanbe
achievedbyreplacing1cupofwholemealflourwith
whitebreadflour.
Rye flour, popularforbreadmaking,islowin
proteinsoitisessentialtocombineryeflourwith
breadflourtomakethebreadrisesuccessfully.Rye
flouristraditionallyusedtomaketheheavy,dense
PumpernickelandBlackBreads.
Gluten flourismadebyextractingthegluten
portionfromthewheatgrain.Addingglutenflour
canimprovethestructureandqualityofbreadwhen
usinglow-protein,plain,stonegroundandwhole
mealflour.
Bread mixes containflour,sugar,milk,salt,oiland
otheringredientssuchasbreadimproves.Usually
onlytheadditionofwaterandyeastisrequired.
Breadmixbrandssuchas‘KitchenCollection’,
‘Defiance’,and‘Lowan’areavailablenationallyfrom
majorsupermarkets.
Forrecipeinformationontheseandotherbrands
ofbreadmixcontactthemanufacturerlistedon
thepackage.
New Zealand only:
Bread mix brands such as ‘Elfin’ are available.
Bread improvers areavailablenationallyin
supermarketsandhealthfoodstores.Theingredients
inabreadimproverareusuallyafoodacidsuch
asascorbicacid(VitaminC)andotherenzymes
(amylases)extractedfromwheatflours.
Addingabreadimproverwillhelpstrengthenthe
doughresultinginaloafthatishigherinvolume,
softerintexture,morestableandhasimproved
keepingqualities.
Hints and tips
continued
For better baking
•Checktheingredientsandreadtherecipebefore
startingtobake.
•Weighandmeasureingredientscorrectly.
•Variationsmayoccurinrawingredientsused
soadjustotheringredientsandbakingtimes
ifrequired.
•Preheatovenbeforestartingrecipepreparation,this
willensurethecorrecttemperatureisachieved
beforebakingstarts.
•Temperaturesandcookingtimesmayvarywith
someovenssoadjustaccordingly.Ifusingafan
forcedovenreducethetemperaturesintherecipes
by1-0ºC.
•Whenmixing,startthemixeratalowerspeedthen
graduallyincreasetotherecommendedspeedin
therecipeespeciallywhenaddingdryingredients.
•Whenusingsmallerquantitiesturnoffthemixer
fromtimetotimeandscrapethebowlwith
aspatula.
•Ensurewirewhiskandmixingbowlarecleanand
freeoffatswhenwhippingeggwhitesasthese
willimpedeaeration.
•Insteadofgreasingbakingpansortrays,linewith
bakingpaperwhereappropriate.However,alittle
lightgreasinginpanswillkeepthepaperinplace.
•Prewarmameasuringspooninhotwaterforeasy
measuringofgoldensyruporhoney.
•Buttershouldbesoftenedatroomtemperatureto
makecreamingbutterandsugareasier.
•Keepsurfacesandingredientschilledwhenmaking,
handlingorrollingoutpastry.Butterforpastry
makingshouldbekeptrefrigerated.
•Avoidstretchingpastrywhenrollingoutasitwill
shrinkwhenbaking.Uselight,evenstrokesin
onedirectionandavoidpressingdownhardon
therollingpin.Wherepossible,restpastryinthe
refrigeratorbeforebaking.
•Eggsshouldbeatroomtemperaturetogivebetter
volumewhenwhipping
•Breakeggsindividuallyintoanothercontainer
beforeaddingtootheringredientstoavoid
potentialspoilage.
•Separateeggwhitescarefullytoavoidinclusionof
eggyolks.Eggyolkscontainfatandwillprevent
successfulwhippingofeggwhites.
•Rinsebeateneggresiduefromwhisk,beaterand
mixingbowlorotherutensilswithcoldwater
immediatelyafteruse.Usinghotwaterwillsetthe
eggandmakeremovaldifficult.
•Testifcakesarecookedattheendofbakingtime
bytouchingthetoplightly,thecakewillspring
backifcooked.Afineskewercanalsobeinserted
carefullyintothecentreofthecake,ifitcomesout
cleanthecakeiscooked.
•Forcrisperresultswhenbakingbiscuits,remove
thebakingtraysfromtheovenandplacedirectly
ontowireracks.Movethebiscuitsslightlyaway
fromtheirbakedpositiononthetraysandcool
completelybeforeremoving.
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