Bunnell LifePulse HFV 204 User manual

Bunnell LifePulse HFV User Manual Part # 03215-00.1
© 2017 Bunnell Incorporated
Bunnell Incorporated nwww.bunl.com n800-800-4358 (HFJV)
436 Lawndale Drive nSalt Lake City, Utah 84115 np 801-467-0800 nint’l 1-801-467-0800 nf 801-467-0867

Table of Contents
PROLOGUE
Warnings and Cautions ...................... 5
Indications for Use......................... 10
Intended User ............................ 11
Use Environment .......................... 11
Servicing Guidelines ....................... 11
Disclaimers .............................. 12
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW
Monitor Section........................... 13
Alarms Section ........................... 14
Alarm Terminology ........................ 15
Controls Section .......................... 16
Humidifier Section......................... 17
Patient Circuit ............................ 17
Rear Panel ............................... 18
Patient Box .............................. 19
LifePort Adapter .......................... 20
Use with Conventional Ventilators ............ 21
Chapter 2: SETUP AND TESTS
Initial Installation and Setup ................. 23
Installing a Circuit ......................... 24
System Test .............................. 26
Operational Test .......................... 28
Chapter 3: STARTING HFJV ON A PATIENT
Connecting a Patient to the LifePulse.......... 31
HFJV Pressure Monitoring .................. 32
7 Steps to Begin HFJV ..................... 33
Adjusting Ventilator Settings ................ 36
Adjusting Ventilator Alarms ................. 36
Chapter 4: PATIENT MANAGEMENT
Objectives ............................... 37
Oxygenation ............................. 38
Oxygenating Overexpanded Lungs ........... 40
Oxygenation Flow Chart .................... 41
Ventilation ............................... 42
Ventilation Flow Chart...................... 44
Suctioning the Patient...................... 45
Weaning the Patient ....................... 46
Chapter 5: VENTILATOR ALARMS
Alarms Overview .......................... 47
Alarms Displays and Sounds ................. 48
Adjusting Alarm Limits ..................... 49
Servo Pressure............................ 50
Mean Airway Pressure...................... 52
Loss of PIP ............................... 54
Cannot Meet PIP .......................... 55
High PIP................................. 56
Vent Inop During Test ...................... 57
Vent Inop While Operating .................. 58
Check Vent .............................. 59
Low Gas Pressure ......................... 60
Battery Alarms............................ 61
Check Circuit ............................ 62
High Temp - Water ........................ 63
Low Temp - Water ......................... 64
High Temp - Gas .......................... 65
Low Temp - Gas........................... 66
High or Low Level - Water................... 67
Chapter 6: HUMIDIFICATION
Humidifier Overview ....................... 69
Patient Circuit Overview .................... 70
Starting the Humidifier ..................... 71
Stopping the Humidifier .................... 71
Water Level Sensing ....................... 72
Gas Flow through Humidifier ................ 73
Gas Flow through Patient Box ............... 74
Understanding Gas Temperature ............. 75
Understanding Water Temperature ........... 76
Temperature Controls ...................... 76
Identifying Proper Humidification............. 77
Changing the Circuit ....................... 78
Chapter 7: BATTERY
Charging the Battery....................... 81
Running on Battery ........................ 82
Battery Maintenance ....................... 83
Chapter 8: CLEANING AND STORAGE.......85
Appendix A
Owner Responsibility for Maintenance......... 87
Warranty ................................ 88
Appendix B
Ventilator Alarms and Reactions .............. 89
Humidifier Alarms and Reactions ............. 90
Appendix C
Ordering Information ...................... 91
Appendix D
Device Specifications ...................... 93
Appendix E
International Symbols Table ................ 101
Appendix F
Electromagnetic Declarations and Tables...... 105

Bunnell LifePulse HFV User Manual | 5
PROLOGUE
Warnings and Cautions
Anyone using or involved with the use of the LifePulse High
Frequency Ventilator (HFV) should study and observe the
Warnings and Cautions listed here.
WARNINGS indicate that there is a possibility of direct injury
to either the operator or patient. The term Warning is also used
where required by law or to meet the requirements of certain
performance standards.
CAUTIONS indicate that there is a possibility of damage to the
instrument, other property, or indirectly to other individuals.
NOTES provide additional information intended to avoid
inconveniences during operation.
The following Warnings and Cautions are organized by
their relevancy to set-up, operation, or maintenance of the
LifePulse.
Set-Up of LifePulse
WARNING: Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the
order of a licensed medical practitioner.
WARNING :This device is to be operated only by a properly
trained individual in accordance with the User Manual. Refer to
the User Manual for applicable Warnings and Cautions related to
the use of this device.
WARNING: Do not use the LifePulse in the presence of
flammable gases or anesthetics. There is a risk of explosion. This
Warning applies to hyperbaric chambers due to their oxygen-rich
environment.
WARNING: The ventilator may be prone to malfunction if it has
been transported, stored, or operated outside its recommended
environmental ranges.
WARNING: This equipment may cause interference with radio
communications and other devices in the vicinity if not installed
and used in accordance with the User Manual. If this device does
cause electrical interference with other devices, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the problem by one or more of the
following measures:
- Reorient or relocate the receiving device.
- Increase the separation between the equipment.
- Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different
from that to which the other device(s) is connected.
This device complies with the EMC limits for the Medical
Device Directive 93/42/EEC (EN 55011 Class I and EN 60601-1-2).
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a typical medical installation.
WARNING: Use of accessories, transducers, and cables other
than those specified, with the exception of transducers and
cables sold by Bunnell Incorporated as replacement parts, may
result in increased emissions or decreased immunity of the
LifePulse HFV.
WARNING: The LifePulse HFJV should not be used adjacent
to or stacked with other equipment; if adjacent or stacked use
is necessary, the LifePulse HFJV should be observed to verify
normal operation in the configuration in which it will be used.
WARNING: Do not modify the LifePulse, Patient Box, or Patient
Circuit (the ventilator system) without authorization from Bunnell
Incorporated.
WARNING: Only use the hospital grade power cord supplied by
Bunnell that locks onto the power cord inlet receptacle on the
back of the LifePulse. Don’t substitute any other power cord.
WARNING: Only connect to a hospital grade power outlet with
a protective earth ground.
WARNING: To avoid the risk of electrical shock, this equipment
must only be connected to a supply mains with protective earth.
WARNING: Only use medical grade oxygen and air that is dry
and free of dust and oil. The gas supply pressure must be 30 – 60
psi (205.85 - 413.70 kPa).
WARNING: Do not operate the ventilator system or components
if they have suffered physical damage or do not appear to be
operating properly.
WARNING: Always use an air/oxygen blender to supply the
mixed gas source to the LifePulse.
WARNING: Do not connect 100% oxygen directly to the “Mixed
Gas Input” on the rear panel of the LifePulse, unless you intend
to only deliver 100% oxygen.
WARNING: Plug the ventilator into an electrical wall outlet at
all times to maintain proper battery charge. Charging must only
occur in a properly ventilated room. The user must ensure the
battery is in good condition and has sufficient capacity prior to
every patient use.
CAUTION: The capacity of the battery must be checked
regularly and the battery replaced if necessary. Avoid deep
discharges, as they lead to premature degradation of the
battery.

Bunnell LifePulse HFV User Manual | 6
PROLOGUE
WARNING: Improper replacement of the battery by non-Bunnell
authorized service personnel could result in an unacceptable risk
(e.g., excessive temperature, fire, or explosion).
WARNING: If the battery charge indicator stays red with the
LifePulse plugged into an electrical wall outlet, the battery needs
to be checked by Bunnell-authorized service personnel. The
ventilator and humidifier will function normally when plugged in
but the battery will not provide adequate power, if needed.
WARNING: The LifePulse battery is low and needs to be
charged when the battery fuel gauge is blinking red. Plug the
LifePulse into an electrical wall outlet.
WARNING: When the battery fuel gauge is blinking red with the
BATTERY DEPLETED alarm lit and a high priority alarm active the
battery charge is too low to continue running the LifePulse and it
will soon go to Standby mode.
WARNING: The discharge rate of the battery changes with
the ventilator and humidifier settings as well as with the age of
the battery. This can shorten the overall time the ventilator will
operate on battery power before the battery depletes and the
ventilator stops operating.
WARNING: Use only a LifePort adapter with a standard
endotracheal tube and the Bunnell Patient Circuit when
operating the LifePulse Ventilator.
WARNING: Do not connect any additional tubing or pressure
monitors between the pressure monitoring tube of the LifePort
adapter and the Patient Box. Doing so will degrade the
LifePulse’s ability to measure airway pressures accurately and
may result in inappropriate pressures or volumes being delivered
to the patient.
WARNING: Use ONLY sterile water for inhalation, USP, in the
LifePulse humidifier cartridge of the Patient Circuit. The use of
deionized water or saline solutions may cause a malfunction of
the water level sensors in the humidifier cartridge, resulting in
the cartridge overfilling and the delivery of a bolus of water to
the patient.
WARNING: Latch the water inlet tube on the humidifier
cartridge of the Patient Circuit into the water pump housing prior
to connecting to the water supply. Failure to do so may result in
cartridge overfill and delivery of water to the patient by gravity
feed.
WARNING: Clamp the water supply tube prior to opening the
water pump door to prevent cartridge overfill and delivery of
water to the patient by gravity feed. The water supply should be
positioned at or below the level of the humidifier cartridge as an
added precaution.
WARNING: Do not pre-fill the humidifier cartridge of the Patient
Circuit prior to starting the LifePulse. Doing so may result in the
cartridge overfilling and the delivery of a bolus of water to the
patient. The cartridge will fill automatically once the LifePulse
begins operating.
WARNING: The LifePulse should pass two tests to ensure
proper operation. Run the System Test and an Operational Test
using a test lung before starting the LifePulse on a patient. If
the LifePulse displays a monitored PEEP different from 0 ±1 cm
H2O during the Operational Test, the Patient Box may be out of
calibration and should be replaced.
WARNING: Never initiate a test while the LifePulse ventilator
is connected to a patient. Doing so may result in inappropriate
pressures or volumes being delivered to the patient, resulting in
volutrauma.
WARNING: Remove the test lung following the successful
completion of the System and Operational Tests. Place the
LifePulse in Standby mode before connecting it to the patient.
Failure to do so may result in inappropriate pressures or volumes
being delivered to the patient, resulting in volutrauma.
CAUTION: Always keep an extra Patient Box, Patient Circuit,
and LifePort adapters near the patient’s bedside. When
operating lifesaving equipment, it is recommended to have back-
up equipment available for rapid intervention by properly trained
medical professionals.
WARNING: Do not drop the Patient Box. Always handle the
Patient Box with care; it is a precision device. If the Patient
Box is dropped, it must be tested by running the System and
Operational Tests using a test lung to verify normal function prior
to using it on a patient.
WARNING: Always use a conventional ventilator in tandem
with the LifePulse. The conventional ventilator is essential for
providing gas for the patient’s spontaneous breathing, PEEP, and
periodic sigh breaths.
CAUTION: Do not use pens, pencils, fingernails, or other
pointed objects to push the buttons on the LifePulse front panel.
Doing so may result in damage to the buttons and may cause
them to fail.

Bunnell LifePulse HFV User Manual | 7
PROLOGUE
Operation of LifePulse
WARNING: In case of malfunction of any of the built-in
monitoring or LifePulse functions, the operator must still assume
full responsibility for proper ventilation and patient safety in all
situations.
WARNING: Do not use in conjunction with magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI); patient injury may result.
WARNING: Exposure to known sources of EMI with medical
devices such as diathermy, electrocautery, RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification), and electromagnetic security systems
such as metal detectors could affect the function of the LifePulse
HFV. Use of the LifePulse around such sources should be avoided
if possible until effects are known. If unexplained changes in
LifePulse performance are observed, it may be necessary to
take mitigation measures, such as re-orienting, relocating the
LifePulse, or shielding its location. If necessary, discontinue use
of the interfering device or the LifePulse. Note that the presence
of RFID devices may not be obvious.
WARNING: Do not place open containers of liquid on top of or
above the LifePulse ventilator. Liquids getting into the ventilator
can cause equipment malfunction with a risk of patient injury.
WARNING: Do not block the air intake vents. Air is drawn in
through the air intake vents to cool the ventilator’s components.
Blocking the air intake may result in overheating and possible
malfunction.
WARNING: Do not block the dump valve exhaust port on the
back of the LifePulse. Doing so may interfere with the internal
pressure being safely released during certain alarm conditions,
which could increase the risk of volutrauma.
CAUTION: Do not position the LifePulse so that it is difficult
to access the electrical power cord in case it needs to be
disconnected from the electrical wall outlet, if necessary (e.g.,
isolated from the main power supply).
WARNING: A properly trained medical professional must be
in attendance at all times when the LifePulse is connected to
a patient in order to monitor the patient and detect alarms or
other indications of a problem.
WARNING: Do not ignore audible and visual alarms. Alarms
indicate changing conditions and should never go unheeded.
WARNING: Alarms from different medical devices can sound
similar. Identify and respond to LifePulse alarms based on the
alarm priority lamp, the alarm indicator message, and the audible
alarm tone and rhythms.
WARNING: There are no airway pressure alarms active while the
LifePulse is in the Standby mode.
WARNING: A negative monitored PEEP may indicate the airway
pressure transducer is out of calibration or faulty.
WARNING: A significant discrepancy (>4 cm H2O) between the
delivered PEEP and the monitored PEEP may indicate a potential
problem and should always be evaluated by a qualified trained
individual.
WARNING: Place the LifePulse in Standby mode if there is any
concern about the ventilator functionality or safety. Support
the patient using the tandem conventional ventilator or other
available ventilation options.
WARNING: Place the LifePulse in Standby mode prior to trouble-
shooting if the Patient Box pinch valve stops operating while on
a patient. This action prevents the patient from being exposed to
inappropriately large volume delivery and possible volutrauma.
WARNING: Troubleshoot alarms only in accordance with the
guidelines in the User Manual. Troubleshooting must only be
performed by properly trained individuals who have a thorough
understanding of the LifePulse ventilator and its operation.
Always attempt to correct the cause of the alarm before pressing
the ENTER button.
WARNING: Patient connections must only be made in the Standby
mode. Do not connect the LifePulse Patient Circuit to the LifePort
adapter on the patient’s ET tube while the LifePulse is running.
Failure to comply risks high pressures and volumes being delivered
to the patient, which may result in volutrauma.
WARNING: Inspect the Pressure Monitoring Tube of the LifePort
adapter for condensation as condensates may interfere with safe
and effective ventilator functionality. To mitigate condensates
in the Pressure Monitoring Tube, check the LifePort adapter’s
orientation to ensure the Pressure Monitoring Tube is pointed
upward. It may also be necessary to reduce the humidifier
temperature (cartridge/water) to minimize condensation.
Replace the LifePort adapter if necessary.
WARNING: The LifePulse requires at least 20 seconds before
adequate ventilation is delivered. Conventional ventilation
should be provided during this start-up period.
WARNING: Press the ENTER button to resume ventilation if
a LOSS OF PIP alarm has occurred with the Ready indicator
off. The Patient Box will be cycling but no gas (breaths) will be
delivered to the patient until the LOSS OF PIP alarm is cleared by
pressing the ENTER button. Always troubleshoot the potential
causes of an alarm following the guidelines in the User Manual.

Bunnell LifePulse HFV User Manual | 8
PROLOGUE
WARNING: Do not initiate ventilation with kinks or obstructions
present in the Patient Circuit or LifePort pressure monitoring
tube. Doing so may result in alarms or delays in ventilator
support. Pressures may be generated that are too high or too
low for the patient’s needs.
WARNING: Do not leave the patient’s bedside while the LifePulse
water pump is running during initial start-up or following a circuit
change. A properly trained person must observe the cartridge fill
with sterile water for inhalation, USP, to the second water level
sensing pin and the water pump stops pumping.
WARNING: The LifePulse will not detect extubation of a
patient during start-up (i.e., from the time the ENTER button is
pushed until the Ready indicator is illuminated). During start-up
the ventilator may appear to be functioning normally despite
extubation and will generate no audible or visual alarms. A
properly trained individual must verify the patient is being
ventilated following start-up.
WARNING: There will be no LOSS OF PIP alarm for the first 15
seconds after the ENTER button is pushed. A properly trained
person must observe the LifePulse reach the set PIP and the Ready
indicator illuminate before leaving the patient’s bedside.
WARNING: Do not press the ENTER button during a LOSS
OF PIP alarm with the Ready indicator illuminated if the patient
is stable and the Servo has locked at or near an established
operating value. Doing so will temporarily silence the audible
alarm and unlock the LifePulse Servo. Always troubleshoot the
potential causes of an alarm following the guidelines in the User
Manual prior to pressing the ENTER button.
WARNING: Always troubleshoot a change in Servo that is greater
than 1.0 psi (6.89 kPa) from the previously established baseline,
especially if the LifePulse control settings have not been changed.
Servo changes this large or larger usually represent a mechanical
problem and may pose a risk of volutrauma.
WARNING: The patient is not being ventilated by the LifePulse
during VENT INOP Alarms 01 & 05-09, which place the LifePulse
in Standby mode.
WARNING: The patient is not being ventilated by the LifePulse
during VENT INOP Alarm 10, which places the LifePulse into
Standby mode. Always troubleshoot the potential causes of an
alarm following the guidelines in the User Manual prior to pressing
the ENTER button. Pressing the ENTER button will re-initiate
ventilation immediately.
WARNING: Do not manually adjust alarm limits around MAP and
Servo to the point that they become irrelevant (i.e., are effectively
off). Doing so will negate critical alarms and expose the patient to
potentially unsafe conditions that may result in injury.
WARNING: Do not manually adjust the alarm volume to the point
that the audible alarm cannot be recognized (is effectively off).
Doing so will limit the LifePulse’s ability to alert clinicians to alarm
conditions and expose the patient to potentially unsafe conditions
that may result in injury.
WARNING: The conventional ventilator rate should not exceed
10 breaths per minute when running in tandem with the LifePulse
ventilator. Doing so could result in excessive Mean Airway
Pressure or minute volume being delivered to the patient. The
recommended conventional ventilator rate is 0 - 5 breaths per
minute.
NOTE:PIP, MAP, and PEEP are reported as approximate tracheal
pressures and are measured inside the LifePort adapter. They may
not accurately reflect alveolar pressures and, in fact, may be higher
or lower than alveolar pressures.
WARNING: Always evaluate inadvertent PEEP (LifePulse
monitored PEEP greater than CV set PEEP). The patient’s lung
volume should be assessed when inadvertent PEEP is present.
Inadvertent PEEP reduces delta pressure, which may result in
under-ventilation (hypercarbia).
WARNING: Place the LifePulse ventilator in Standby mode prior
to suctioning to avoid fluctuations in the monitored pressures that
may result in alarm conditions or possible injury to the patient.
WARNING: The LifePulse must be in Ready mode prior to
suctioning if suctioning while the LifePulse is running. Failure to do
so may result in inappropriate pressure or volumes being delivered
to the patient.
WARNING: Place the LifePulse in Standby mode before unkinking
any portion of the Patient Circuit. This action prevents the patient
from being exposed to inappropriately high pressure or large
volume delivery (volutrauma).
WARNING: Do not press the PUSH TO LOAD button on the
Patient Box while the LifePulse is running on a patient. Doing so
could result in the patient being exposed to inappropriately high
pressures or large volume delivery (volutrauma).
WARNING: Do not tip the humidifier cartridge while removing it
from the cartridge housing if the Patient Circuit is connected to
the patient’s ET tube via the LifePort adapter. Doing so may result
in water spilling into the Patient Circuit and a bolus of water being
delivered to the patient.
WARNING: Do not open the water pump door while the pump is
pumping. Doing so may result in a pinch hazard to the operator.

Bunnell LifePulse HFV User Manual | 9
PROLOGUE
WARNING: Removal of the humidifier cartridge from the
cartridge housing while the LifePulse is running exposes the heater
plate and cartridge heater cup, which may be in excess of 60ºC.
WARNING: Always attempt to minimize excessive condensation
(rainout) in the Patient Circuit between the ventilator and the
Patient Box. Failure to do so may result in water interfering with
the monitored pressure signal at the LifePort adapter resulting in
fluctuations in the delivered PIP.
WARNING: Do not under-humidify gas being delivered to the
patient. Adjust the cartridge temperature so that condensation
is always present in the green delivery tube between the Patient
Box and the LifePort adapter.
WARNING: External temperature of the heated portion of the
patient circuit may exceed 50°C. Contact with the patient’s skin
should be avoided.
WARNING: Pushing the PAUSE button on the Humidifier shuts
off the heating elements that provide for gas warming and
humidification. A properly trained individual must not leave the
patient’s bedside with the Humidifier in the Pause mode.
WARNING: Raising or lowering the Gas temperature setting
may raise or lower the patient’s temperature. The normal setting
of 40°C is designed to keep the patient from losing heat through
respiration. It should not be changed under normal operating
circumstances.
WARNING: Do not move the LifePulse while it is running on a
patient. Doing so may result in water entering the Patient Circuit
and creating a risk of water delivery to the patient. Monitor the
water level closely under these circumstances
WARNING: Running the LifePulse while the ventilator or patient
is in motion or while high-flow or large tidal volume conditions
exist may result in water entering the Patient Circuit and creating
a risk of aspiration. Please monitor the water level closely.
WARNING: Periodically check the gas filter/water trap. If water
is visible, drain the water by opening the valve. Failure to do so
may result in a ventilator malfunction.
Maintenance/Cleaning of LifePulse
CAUTION: The LifePulse ventilator system must receive
inspections and service at regular intervals. Preventive
maintenance should be performed every 2000 hours or at least
once a year. Overhauls should be performed every 6000 hours of
use. All service and maintenance must be performed by Bunnell
authorized service personnel.
WARNING: Clean and disinfect the LifePulse and Patient Box
prior to patient applications to avoid the risk of infection. Refer
to the cleaning instructions in the User Manual.
WARNING: Do not store LifePulse with the pinch tube of the
circuit loaded in the pinch valve jaws of the Patient Box.
WARNING: Disconnect the battery before disassembly of the
ventilator.
WARNING: Do not remove the LifePulse cover due to possible
shock hazard. The ventilator should only be serviced by Bunnell
authorized service personnel.
WARNING: Severe electrical shock to the user or service
personnel may be delivered by the battery and/or battery
charger if direct contact is made with their electrical connections.
CAUTION: If the battery case is damaged (e.g., from dropping
or impact during servicing or shipping) the battery must be
replaced. Otherwise, it may leak battery acid and cause the
LifePulse to malfunction.
CAUTION: Always plug the LifePulse power cord into an
electrical wall outlet during storage between uses. This action
will help avoid deep discharges of the battery which cause
degradation and decrease battery life.
WARNING: The Patient Circuit and/or Patient Box should be
removed to release any pressurized gas before servicing the
ventilator.
CAUTION: Batteries that are improperly disposed of may cause
harm to the environment.
CAUTION: The LifePulse, Patient Box, and Patient Circuit
contain components made of hazardous materials that need to
be disposed of appropriately. Improper disposal may cause harm
to the environment.
CAUTION: Do not sterilize the LifePulse ventilator or Patient
Box. The internal components are not compatible with
sterilization techniques.
WARNING: Do not reuse or sterilize Patient Circuits or LifePort
adapters. Failure to discard the Patient Circuit after one use or
seven days may result in leaks, improper temperature, and water
level control.
WARNING: The use of non-recommended solvents or cleaners
can damage the enclosure(s) or user interface and damage
equipment causing the LifePulse to malfunction. Refer to the
cleaning instructions in the User Manual.
CAUTION: Do not ship the LifePulse ventilator or Patient Box
in any packaging other than a factory authorized carton or case.
Doing so may result in damage to the ventilator and will void the
warranty.

Bunnell LifePulse HFV User Manual | 10
PROLOGUE
Indications for Use
The Bunnell LifePulse High Frequency Ventilator (HFV) is indicated
for use in ventilating critically ill infants with pulmonary interstitial
emphysema (PIE). Infants studied ranged in birth weight from 750
to 3529 grams and in gestational age from 24 to 41 weeks.
The Bunnell LifePulse High Frequency Ventilator is also indicated
for use in ventilating critically ill infants with respiratory distress
syndrome (RDS) complicated by pulmonary air leaks who are, in
the opinion of their physicians, failing on conventional ventilation.
Infants of this description studied ranged in birth weight from 600
to 3660 grams and in gestational age from 24 to 38 weeks.
Contraindications
Use of this device is contraindicated in patients requiring tracheal
tubes smaller than 2.5 mm ID.
This device is not intended for use outside of a device user facility
(21 CFR 821.3 (g)).
Adverse Side Effects
The adverse side effects noted during the use of high frequency jet
ventilation (HFJV) include those commonly found during the use
of conventional positive pressure ventilators. These adverse effects
include:
1. Pulmonary air leaks
pneumothorax
pneumopericardium
pneumoperitoneum
pneumomediastinum
pulmonary interstitial emphysema
2. Intraventricular hemorrhage
3. Necrotizing tracheobronchitis
4. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia