Burton AIM HI LED Specification sheet

AIM HI LED
Floor Stand, Wall & Ceiling Versions
Instructions for Use & Maintenance
5000703 A01 Instructions for Use & Maintenance

2
Introduction
Congratulations on your purchase of the AIM HI LED medical light!
The AIM HI LED is designed to give the professional health care market superior performance, reliability
and value. The lights contain advanced optical and mechanical solutions intended to offer you an optimal
working environment for efficient and comfortable procedures. Built in features of the AIM’s include
intensity control, color correction, shadow reduction, light distribution, spot appearance, maneuverability and
focus. The AIM´s solid and durable construction ensures trouble-free professional lighting and is supported by
a five (5) year service life and warranty.
Intended Use:
The AIM HI LED exam light is an easy to use medical lighting fixture that can be utilized in a variety of
spaces, including hospitals, doctor offices, and other healthcare environments requiring examination lighting.
This fixture shall not be used in healthcare environments that are adjacent to residential dwellings. This
fixture is also excluded for use in areas near active HF SURGICAL EQUIPMENT and the RF shielded room
of an ME SYSTEM for magnetic resonance imaging, where the intensity of EM DISTURBANCES is high.
This product is not intended for use in operating and emergency rooms.
Effective working distance between patient and light head is from 24-39” (0.6 -1.0 m). A removable and
autoclavable handle (which also serves as bulb-focus control) accepts pre-sterilized covers.
This manual contains guidance on how to use & maintain the AIM HI LED light(s).
Burton Medical is a leading manufacturer of medical lighting. The product lines encompass lights for
procedure and examinations. You are welcome to find out more on our web site at www.burtonmedical.com.
Part Number Configuration
BASE MODEL
100-240VAC ILLUMINANCE MOUNT OPTION¹COUNTRY CODE2
ALED
070
(70k LUX)
100
(100K LUX)
FL (floor)
00: NEMA 5-15P
01: CEE 7/7
02: AS/NZS 3112
03: BS 1363
252
W (wall)
SC (single
ceiling)
.
DC (double
ceiling)
Not Applicable
ALED XXX XX XX XX
Model Luminance Mount Option¹ Country Code2
1. Applies to ALEDXXXFL models only. All Power Cords terminate with C60320C13 Plug at the
opposite end of the cord.
2. Applies to Spain Only. Add the appropriate country code to the end of the model number. Use
“25” for Spain. Models ordered for Spain have Spanish Language Manuals.

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Table of Contents
1.0 Safety Instructions........................................................................................ 4
1.1 Symbols ........................................................................................... …...4-5
1.2 Safety Precautions.................................................................................. 5-6
1.3 Proper System Location and Setup Requirement ................................... 6
2.0 Operating the Spring Arm System ............................................................... 7
2.1 Floor Stand Components........................................................................ 7
2.2 Wall and Ceiling Mounted Components..................................................8
2.3 Operation ............................................................................................... 9
2.4 Adjusting the Spring Arm System ......................................................... 9
2.5 Range of Motion .................................................................................. 10-12
2.6 Applying Power ................................................................................... .13
2.7 Maneuvering the Light Head................................................................ .13
2.8 Adjusting the Light Pattern .................................................................. .13
2.9 Attaching / Detaching the Handle ........................................................ .14
2.10 Handle Sterilization............................................................................ .14
2.11 Using Sterile Disposable Handle Covers .............................................14
3.0 Maintenance............................................................................................... 15
4.0 Trouble Shooting Guide ............................................................................. 15-17
5.0 Technical Data ........................................................................................... 18-22
6.0 Replacement Parts.............................................................................. ........23-24
7.0 Cleaning ..................................................................................................... 25
8.0 Wiring Diagrams........................................................................................ 26-27
Warranty .......................................................................................................... 28
Burton Medical Information............................................................................. 28

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1.0 Safety Instructions
Please keep these operating instructions in a secured place near the device. This ensures easy access to safety
instructions and important information should the need arise. Please note that certain duties must be carried
out by people with the appropriate corresponding qualifications:
• These operating instructions become applicable only after proper installation and assembly in accord-
ance with the assembly instructions provided.
• Only persons with proper training are permitted to operate the equipment.
• Only trained personnel are permitted to clean the equipment.
• Please read these operating instructions carefully before using the floor stand. It will help protect you
and others from potential injuries that may occur.
• If problems are encountered that have not been addressed in these operating instructions, please contact
your supplier in the interest of your own safety.
• These operating instructions only apply to the product listed here and should not be used for any other
products.
• The maintenance work and troubleshooting, as described in Section 3 and 4, should only be done by
trained service technicians.
• The maintenance work, as described in Section 3, should only be carried out by a hospital technician or
someone with similar qualifications.
• This equipment has been built accordingly and is operationally safe. Nonetheless, it may still present
some danger, especially if not used according to the operating instructions as specified in Section 2.
• Modifications are never to be made for any reason. This is to ensure safety for all persons involved. If
modifications are made to the system the warranty is then void.
• The contents of the operating instructions are subjected to changes without further
notice.
• There are no known exposed hazardous materials use on this product that may constitute a safety hazard
to the user or patient.
1.1 Symbols
In these operating instructions and on the device, important points have been marked with symbols. The sym-
bols have the following meanings:
General Warning
Caution Symbol
General mandatory action
Refer to instructions manual
Single use item, do not reuse product.

5
1.1 Symbols contd.
Operating instructions
Ground connection, bonding
Protective ground connection
Hot surface
Alternating current
European conformance mark
On / Off (power connection/disconnection to the mains)
Standby Power
Dangerous voltage
Indicates separate collection for electrical and electronic equipment.
Warning, electricity
1.2 Safety Warnings and Precautions
WARNING: Retainer clip must be installed properly to avoid safety hazard.
WARNING: To avoid the risk of electric shock, this equipment must be connected to a
supply mains with a protective earth ground.
WARNING: Do not modify this equipment without authorization from the manufacturer.
WARNING: Do not look directly into the light.
WARNING: Do not use the fixture if, for any reason, it does not appear to work proper-
ly. Instead, alert your Maintenance Department, or Burton Medical, of observed deficien-
cies and have them corrected before continuing to use the light.

6
1.3 Proper System Location and Setup Requirements:
• This product is not intended for use in surgical operating and emergency rooms.
• This product is not suitable for operation in areas with explosion hazards.
• For ceiling and wall models, a standard wall switch or other switch is required to disconnect power
from the product when not in use. The wall switch shall be provided by the installer and wired per
local codes. The switch should be placed on a wall in close proximity to the product such that when
maintenance occurs, the switch status is visible.
• Quick disconnect connectors are provided for ease of assembly. Follow instructions from manufac-
turer on how to correctly connect wires. For reference see Ideal 102 series quick disconnect connect-
ors.
1.2 Safety Warnings and Precautions Contd.
WARNING: The do not position the floor model base such that the power cord discon-
nect is blocked from access.
WARNING: ELECTRIC SHOCK Ceiling and Wall models require connection to pro-
vided quick disconnect connectors. The quick disconnect allows for both line and neutral
to be broken at the same time for maintenance to provide isolation of equipment from
unexpected power on the lines. Wires shall be at minimum 18AWG solid or recommend-
ed by manufacturer (Solid 12-18AWG, stranded 12-14AWG (19 conductors or less), or
stranded and tinned (14AWG (19 strand or less), 16AWG (26 strand or less), or 18 AWG
(16 strand or less)).
WARNING: The spring arm is under very high spring tension. ALWAYS position the
spring arm in the most upright position when installing or removing the end device. If
the spring arm is not in the most upright position the arm will spring upwards and may
cause serious injury!
WARNING: To prevent compatibility issues, use only original Burton approved parts for
replacement.
WARNING: To avoid damage to the equipment due to falling, do not try and force the
spring arm past the maximum swivel points stops. Avoid collisions with other equipment.
WARNING: Fixtures should be connected to line circuit less than 30A.

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2.0 Operating the Spring Arm System
2.1 Floor Stand Components:
The base (1) rests on the floor and can be moved around via 4 rolling wheels equipped with a locking
mechanism. The base contains the power supply and other electrical components. The handle (3) at-
tached to the vertical post for easy movement of the system. The base cover (4) covers the electrical
components of the base. The base cover is only to be removed by trained personnel. The spring arm (5)
can be rotated 55° horizontally and can be moved vertically up 45° or down 45°.
3
5
2
4
1

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2.2 Wall/Ceiling Mounted Arms
1. Wall/Ceiling Mount: Provides a secure mounting location for the device and
allows the unit to swivel freely within the mount. (See Technical Data).
2. Extension Arm: The extension arm attaches to the wall/ceiling mount and
increases the range/positions of the spring arm, giving the unit increased
versatility.
3. Spring Arm: The spring arm can be rotated 360° (single ceiling only) around
the extension arm and can be moved vertically up 45° or down 45°.
1
2
AElbow with
cover removed
3

9
2.3 Operation
2.3.1 Electrical Connection Floor Stand Only
•After installation by qualified personnel, take some precaution and ensure the connections are
correct by:
•Checking the power cord for signs of damage
•Ensure the proper fuses are installed.
•Ensure plug itself is plugged in.
2.3.2 Positioning the Spring Arm System
•The spring arm (5) is designed to be easily positioned and come to rest at any desired position
within the range stated in Section 2.1.
•The whole spring arm system is easily moved around via the rollers attached to the base. Care
must be taken so that the stand does not roll over any objects or the power cord.
2.4 Adjusting the Spring Arm System
•The spring arm is subject to normal wear and reduces its ability to hold over time. As a result, the
spring force needs to be adjusted over time. An opening on top of the arm allows access to make
the adjustment.
•Make sure the spring arm with the end device is in the bottom position.
•Insert Allen wrench (4mm) into the adjustment access slot.
•If the spring arm has a tendency to fall down, the spring is too loose. Rotate the allen wrench in
the counter-clockwise direction.
•If the spring arm has a tendency to spring up, the spring is to tight. Rotate the allen wrench in the
clockwise direction.
WARNING: DO NOT try to move the system around when the locks are engaged on the
rollers. Always check this before trying to move the system around. Also make sure your
work station is within the range of the power cord.
WARNING: The spring arm, with head attached, should always be in its lower most
position during transport. Failure to do so could lead to a hazard.
WARNING: Spring adjust shall be done by qualified personnel.
Adjustment Access

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55°
2.5 Range of Motion
2.5.1 Floor Stand Version
A representation of a complete floor stand is seen below. The light consists of one AIM
light head attached to a mobile suspension system.
The suspension system consists of the following:
• A mobile stand with an upright pole. The stand has castors to facilitate movement.
• A spring arm between the upright pole and the light head.
• A dual-sided yoke between the spring arm and the light head.
The upright to spring arm connection can rotate 55 degrees. The arm pivot up and down is 90 de-
grees. The yoke to arm rotates 180 degrees and the head to yoke can rotate 305 degrees.

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2.5.4 Double Ceiling Version
Light consists of two AIM light head attached to separate arms, with a common downtube
secured to the structural ceiling.
2.5.2 Wall Mount Version
Light consists of one AIM light head attached to a suspension system. The suspension system is
attached to a wall mount, secured to the wall.
2.5.3 Single Ceiling Version
Light consists of one AIM light head attached to a suspension system.

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2.5.5 Vertical Range of Motion—Ceiling Version
2.5.6 Horizontal Range of Motion—Ceiling Version

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2.8 Adjusting the Light Pattern and dimming
The light head consists of three special light
assemblies. The housing is designed to facilitate the
proper cooling of the LED modules, while
maintaining a low surface temperature.
A slight twist of the handle will adjust the beam
pattern so that the individual light beams from the
three LED modules can be merged at the work
surface.
To get the maximum intensity, the light beams
should be merged completely. However, in many
cases it is preferred to have the light beams slightly
offset to achieve a larger spot. Additionally the light
intensity can be controlled by either of the switches
located near the light head handle. Press and release
button to increase or reduce light intensity in three
steps 100% —> 75% —> 50% —>75% —> 100%.
Press and hold to turn ON or OFF the light. Note: use
wall switch to completely power off the fixture.
2.7 Maneuvering the Light Head
The AIM HI LED arm system and light head attachment
were designed so the light head could be positioned at
any location within its range of motion using only the
handle.
2.6 Applying Power
For the wall and ceiling versions, the main power on/
off switch is located on the wall plate (provided by
installer).
For the floor stand version, the main power on/off
switch is located on the floor stand base. It is operated
by lightly stepping on it. The power indicator light will
light green if power is present.
On/Off
Switch
Power
indicator light

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1 . Pl a c e t h e h a n d l e i n t h e a u t o c la v e .
2 . Se t t h e a ut o c l a v e c y c l e f o r 2 7 0 ° F ( 1 32 °C ) , p r e -va c u u me d
c ycl e .
3 . Se t t h e a ut o c l a v e c y c l e t i me f o r 3 -m i n u t e s , t u r n t h e s t e r i l i z -
er o n a n d w a i t f o r t h e p r o c e s s t o b e c o m p l e t ed .
4 . R e m o v e t h e h a n d l e a n d p l a c e i t i n u s e , or t r an sp o rt a n d s t o r e
i t i n a st e r i l e en vi r o n m e n t p e n d i n g u s e.
WARNING: DO NOT AUTOCLAVE FOR MORE THAN 3 MINUTES. THIS
WILL CAUSE HANDLE TO BECOME BRITTLE AND WILL SHORTEN
THE LIFE OF THE HANDLE.
2.11 Using Sterile Disposable Handle Covers
The handle is designed to fit sterile disposable covers (Burton part #4000420). To attach the cover
to the handle, simply slip it on to the handle and make sure it engages with the small flange
(illustration below) on the handle.
2.9 Attaching / Detaching the Handle
The handle can be removed for cleaning and
sterilization by pushing the plunger (1) located between
the handle flange and housing and pulling the handle
down (2). The force needed to push the plunger is
between 1-2 Nm when the head is horizontal and the
handle should fall out.
NOTE: To reinsert, push the handle into the hole and
make sure it ‘clicks’ into position.
2.10 Handle Sterilization
The AIM handle assembly is made from high-temperature resistant Noryl™ plastic. It should
normally withstand multiple sterilization cycles according to the procedure below, without
deterioration. If the plastic handle starts cracking or peeling it should be replaced. The most
important factor for keeping the handle from wearing out is not to exceed the temperature limit
mentioned in the autoclave procedure. See more replacement information in the section entitled
Replacement Parts. If there is any foreign matter on the handle it should be cleaned thoroughly
prior to sterilization.
1
2

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1 Equals ~3.5 hours use per day for one year. (Or ~7 hours use per day for 6 months)
2 Equals ~2.5 hours use per day for two years. (Or ~7 hours use per day for 9 months)
3.0 Maintenance
WARNING: The proposed maintenance schedule is a recommendation. De-
pending on the use of the product and the operating environment, the required
maintenance may not be limited to this. It is the responsibility of the user to
service and maintain the product as needed. Failure to do so may present risk of
serious or fatal injury.
WARNING: If the equipment is not functioning properly, do not attempt “quick
fixes” with tape, wires etc. If the solution cannot be found in this Manual Burton
Medical should be contacted for a permanent fix.
WARNING: The owner/operator of this product should check for damage to
paint, cracks and hips to components, deformation of components and any ab-
normalities every 6 months.
WARNING: During installation of this product, the installer shall provide and
install a wall switch . US/CAN Applications: Leviton 5602-2W Double Pole,
Single Throw Switch 120/277VAC, 15A or equivalent. Other applications:
Curva CCA022 Double Pole, Single Throw Switch 240VAC, 20A or equivalent.
WARNING: During installation and or maintenance of ceiling and wall fixtures
the installer and or approved technician is required to separate the quick discon-
nect inside the wall mount or ceiling mount. Re-Attach when task is complete.
3.1 Maintenance Schedule
Weekly
• Check that the light is easy to move in its range of movement, and that it
holds its position without drifting
• Check that all components appear secure
Every 1300 hrs1
of use or 12 months
• Remove top housing; clean accessible parts
• Check and, if needed, adjust friction between light head and yoke shaft
Every 1800 hrs2
of use or 24 months
• Check and, if needed, adjust spring arm tension
• Clean optics
• Check and tighten bolts in ceiling / wall
4.0 Troubleshooting Guide
Symptom Check Corrective Action
Power on?
Turn power switch on at wall (ceiling / wall mount versions).
Turn power on at floor stand base (Floor stand version).
Turn on switch on light head.
No light
output
Fuse (s) Visually inspect fuses, check continuity with meter.
Continuity of
wiring from
power supply to
light head
With power disconnected, use ohmmeter to check continuity from
power supply secondary to light bulbs. Check integrity of each
connection point.
Voltage into
power supply
Verify correct mains voltage and proper power supply wiring con-
nections
Voltage out of
power supply Verify correct secondary voltage.
Electro-
magnetic
Interference
(EMI)
N/A
Generally, EMI is not an issue with this type of product (LED light-
ing fixture with electronic power supply). However, if you suspect
this product is causing interference, please contact Burton Medical.
Not focused Output pattern Contact Burton Medical for adjustment.
Arm drifts up
or down Arm balance Follow instructions under the section entitled Adjusting Arm Ten- sion.
Arm drifts
sideways Level Surface Move to a level surface.

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4.1 Adjusting Light Head Rotating Friction
If the light head doesn’t hold its position when it is rotated around the two shafts going into the hous
ing, an adjustment inside the head is required. This is done by first removing the pods to get access to
the 3 screws holding the top and bottom housing together. Remove the screws and lift the top hous
ing off. A nut on each shaft will be accessible. Use a wrench to tighten the nuts. Rotate the light
Do not over tighten! This may cause the housing to break. Very little tightening
is required to get enough friction.
4.2 Fuse Replacement
Always disconnect the power supply when installing or removing the fuses. Failure to do so may result
in electric shock.
4.2.1 Floor Stand Version
The fuse holder is located on the back of the base, at the bottom of the power outlet. Replace damaged
fuses with new fuses. Install the fuse holder back into the power outlet by clipping it back into place.
Do not over tighten! This may cause the housing to break. Very little tightening is
required to get enough friction.
WARNING: Replace only with correct fuse rating. For 100V-240V version: T 2
AL, 250V
Fuse Holder

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4.2.4 LED Module Replacement
WARNING: Make sure power is removed before performing any maintenance.
Refer to the circled numbers in the illustration:
• Remove the three screws and the top lid.
• Disconnect the wires for the
LED module from the terminal
block next to the cooling fan in
the center.
• Loosen the two pivot crews.
• Remove module assembly
• Remove LED module screws
and remove bad module. Re-
move LED Cable and set aside.
• Place new LED board and
route cable thru heatsink, if no
cable provide, used cable set
aside. Replace LED board
screws
•Reverse bullet points 3, 2, 1.
4.2.2 Ceiling Versions
The fuse holder is located within the terminal block To access the ceiling mount terminal block,
the ceiling dome must be removed. This is done by loosening the two set screws on the locking ring
(indicated by the arrow). Replace the fuse and re-assemble in the opposite order.
4.2.3 Wall Versions
The fuse holder is located within the terminal block. To access the wall mount terminal block, the
wall mount cover must be removed. This is done by loosening the four screws that secure the cover
on mount (indicated by the arrow). Replace the fuse and re-assemble in the opposite order.

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1All specifications are subject to change without notice.
2The CE mark on this product (230V, 240V version) indicates it has been tested to and conforms
to the provisions noted within the 93/42/EEC Medical Device Directive.
5.0 Technical Data1
Type of Data
Classifications
Type of Protection Against Electric Shock Class I
FDA Classification FDA Class I, Examination Light
CISPR II Classification Class A
Allowable Earth Leakage Current Does not exceed 500 μa
Allowable Touch Leakage Current Does not exceed 100 μa
Reliability of Earth Protection Does not exceed 0.1 ohm
Mode of Operation Continuous
Protection Against Explosion
Hazards Not to be used in the presence of flammable anesthetics
Protection Against Hazardous Parts and
Ingress of Liquids IPXO. Not protected against the ingress of fluids.
Degree of Mobility Ceiling and wall mount versions: permanently installed.
Floor stand version: mobile.
Approvals IEC 60601-1, IEC60601-2-41, IEC 60601-1-2
EU Conformance2
CE Classification Class I
WARNING: Use of this equipment adjacent to or stacked with other equipment
should be avoided because it could result in improper operation. If such use is neces-
sary, this equipment and the other equipment should be observed to verify that they
are operating normally.
WARNING: Use of accessories, transducers and cables other than those specified or
provided by the manufacturer of this equipment could result in increased electromag-
netic emissions or decreased electromagnetic immunity of this equipment and result
in improper operation.
WARNING: Portable RF communications equipment (including peripherals such as
antenna cables and external antennas) should be used no closer than 30 cm (12 inch-
es) to any part of the AIM HI LED Fixture, including cables specified by the manu-
facturer. Otherwise, degradation of the performance of this equipment could result.”
WARNING: This equipment/system is intended for use by healthcare professionals
only. This equipment/ system may cause radio interference or may disrupt the opera-
tion of nearby equipment. It may be necessary to take mitigation measures, such as
reorienting or relocating the equipment or shielding the location.

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Medical electrical equipment needs special precautions regarding EMC and needs to be installed and put
into service according to the EMC information provided. Portable and mobile RF communications
equipment can affect medical electrical equipment.
Emissions Test Compliance EM Environment Guidance
RF Emissions
CISPR 11
Group 1
Class A
The AIM HI LED uses RF energy only for its internal
function. Therefore, its RF emissions are very low and are
not likely to cause any interference in nearby electronic
equipment.
Harmonic
Emissions
IEC61000-3-2
Class C The AIM HI LED is suitable for use in all establishments
other than domestic and those directly connected to the
public low-voltage power supply network that supplies
buildings used for domestic purposes.
Voltage
Fluctuations/
Flicker
IEC61000-3-3
Complies
The AIM HI LED is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer
or the user of the AIM HI LED should assure that it is used in such an environment.
Immunity Test IEC60601 Test Level EM Environment Guidance
ESD
IEC61000-4-2
±8kV contact
±2kV, ±4kV, ±6kV,
±8kV, ±15kV air
Floors should be wood, concrete or ceramic tile. If floors
are covered with synthetic material, the relative humidity
should be at least 30%.
EFT
IEC61000-4-4
±0.5kV, ±1.0kV,
±2kV, 100kHz Repeti-
tive, 60s, pos/neg
polarity
Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial
or hospital environment.
Surge
IEC61000-4-5
±0.5kV, ±1kV, ±2kV,
Common Mode
±0.5kV, ±1kV Diff.
Mode
0, 90, 180, 270
Degrees
60s, 5 Surges
Power Freq.
IEC61000-4-8
30 A/m, 50/60 Hz
X, Y, Z Axis
Power frequency magnetic fields should be at levels char-
acteristic of a typical location in a typical commercial or
hospital environment.
Voltage Dips
IEC61000-4-11
Voltage Interrup-
tions
0% Ut; 0.5 cycle at 0,
45, 90, 135, 180, 225,
270, 315 degrees, 0%
Ut; 1 cycle and 70%
Ut; 25/30 cycles, single
phase: at 0 degrees
0% Ut; 250/300 cycle
Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial
or hospital environment. If the user of the AIM HI LED
requires continued operation during power mains interrup-
tions, it is recommended that the AIM HI LED be powered
from an uninterruptible power supply or battery.
Note: Ut is the AC mains voltage prior to application of the
test level.
5.0 TECHNICAL DATA CONTINUED

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5.0 TECHNICAL DATA CONTINUED
Conducted RF
IEC61000-4-6
Radiated RF
IEC61000-4-3
3Vrms, 6Vrms
(ISM Band)
150kHz to
80MHZ
AM 80%, 1kHz,
1%, 3sec dwell
3 V/m
80 MHz – 2.7
GHz
80 % AM at 1 kHz
1%, 3 sec dwell
Portable and mobile RF communications equipment should be
used no closer to any part of the AIM HI LED , including cables,
than the recommended separation distance calculated from the
equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter.
Recommended separation distance:
d = 1.167*√ P
d = 1.167*√P 80MHz to 800MHz
d = 2.33*√P 800MHz to 2.5GHz
Where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in
watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer and d is the
recommended separation distance in meters (m).
Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by an
EM site survey, should be less than the compliance level in each
frequency range.a
Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked with
the following symbol.
a Over the frequency range 150kHz to 80MHz, field strengths
should be less than 3 V/m.
The AIM HI LED is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturb-
ances are controlled. The customer or the user of the AIM HI LED can help prevent EMC interference by
maintaining a minimum distance between portable and mobile RF communications equipment
(transmitters) and the AIM HI LED as recommended below, according to the maximum output power of
the communications equipment.
Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter (m)
Rated maximum
output P of trans-
mitter (W)
150kHz to 80MHz
d = 1.167*√ P
80MHz to 800MHz
d = 1.167*√P
800MHz to 2.5GHz
d = 2.33*√P
0.01 0.12 0.12 0.23
0.1 0.37 0.37 0.74
11.17 1.17 2.33
10 3.69 3.69 7.37
100 11.67 11.67 23.30
For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above meters (m) can be estimated using the equation applicable to
the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the
transmitter manufacturer.
NOTE 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection
from structures, objects or people.