Commodore 4022 User manual

Commodore
CBM Printer
User's Manual
Model 4022
Qz. commodore

Commodore
CBM Printer
User's Manual
Model 4022
Part Number 4022025
C:^ ©1980 Commodore Business Machines, Inc.

Table Of Contents
Page No.
Section 1: GENERAL INFORMATION 1
DESCRIPTION 1
Printing Characteristics 1
IEEE-488 Interface 3
Paper Feed Mechanisms 3
Printer Ribbon Cartridge 3
Internal Microprocessor System 3
Specifications 3
UNPACKING YOUR PRINTER 5
Section 2: PREPARING TO USE YOUR PRINTER 7
CONNECTING THE PRINTER TO YOUR COMPUTER 8
PERFORMING THE POWER-ON TEST 9
INSTALLING THE PAPER 10
Loading Model 4022 10
PERFORMING THE PRINT HEAD TEST 11
Section 3: USING YOUR PRINTER 13
SPECIAL PRINTER-ASSOCIATED COMMANDS 14
The OPEN Command 14
The CMD Command 14
The PRINT# Command 15
The CLOSE Command 15
PRINTING IN THE DIRECT MODE 16
PRINTING UNDER PROGRAM CONTROL 17
FORMAT CONTROL 21
Pi'tnting Data Exactly as Received: sa=0 21
Printing Data According to aPreviously Defined Format: sa=1 22
Storing the Formatting Data: sa=2 23
The Formatting Characters 23
Numeric: 23
Alpha (String Data): 26
Skip (Blank): 26
Literals in Format Strings 26
Setting the Number of Lines Per Page: sa=3 27
Enabling the Printer Diagnostic Messages: sa=4 28
Defining aProgrammable Character: sa=5 29
Setting Spacing Betw/een Lines: sa-6 31

Selecting Upper or Lower Case: sa=7 31
Selecting ASCII/Graphics: sa-Q 32
Suppress Diagnostic Message Printing; sa-9 32
Resetting the Printer: sa=10 32
SPECIAL CHARACTER FUNCTIONS 32
Enhanced Characters 32
Paging 33
Specifying Individual Upper- and Lowercase Characters 33
Reversing aField 35
The Carriage Return 35
Quotation Marks 35
APPENDIX
SIMPLE STRING FORMATTING A-2
LEADING ZEROES FORCED A-4
SIGNED NUMBERS A-5
DECIMAL FRACTION SPECIFICATION A-6
FIXED AND FLOATING $FIELDS A-7
MIXED FORMAT FIELD TYPES A-8
FORMATTING WITH LITERALS A-9

Section 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
With the purchase of aCommodore CBM Printer, you have added agreat deal of versatility and con-
venience to the use of your Commodore Computer. You have purchased the Tractor Feed Model 4022.
While this manual contains all the information you need to check out, connect, and operate your
printer, you should also refer to other Commodore manuals to get the most out of your computer system.
NOTE TO BUSINESS KEYBOARD USERS ONLY: If you wish to duplicate the
examples in this manual and you are using the CBM Business Keyboard
computer, you should type the BASIC command POKE 59468,12 at the
beginning of each session with your computer and printer.
DESCRIPTION
Your CBM printer is designed to operate through software control. It prints upper- and lower-case
alphabetic characters, numeric characters, and all the graphic characters available on your Commodore
computer, and even acustom user-defined character. Additionally, your printer has considerable
formattingcapability owing to its own internal microprocessor system.
Printing Characteristics
Your printer employs an Epson print head. The eight-wire heavy-duty jeweled head has alife expec-
tancy of 50 million characters. If aprint head malfunction should occur, obtain authorized technical
assistance. Failure to do this may void your warranty.
1-

1
H
-
'- .''•"t^
Figure 1. Feed Mechanism and Ribbon Cartridge
2-

IEEE-488 Interface
Both printer models conform to IEEE-488 interface requirements and may be connected
directly to your Commodore computer. The printers, designed to be used with the
Commodore CBM Floppy Disk Drive, Model 2040, may be daisy-chained with other IEEE-488
devices.
Paper Feed Mechanisms
The Model 4022 Printer employs atractor feed mechanism that involves the use of sprocket holes in
the paper edges. This model is especially useful for the printing of business forms. See Figure 1
.
Printer Ribbon
The printer ribbon (shown in Figure 2) is an easily-loaded cartridge.
Internal Microprocessor System
Your printer contains amicroprocessor system that resets and executes adiagnostic and
initialization sequence when power is applied. In addition, it contains arandom access
memory (RAM) in which you can store formatting data. Because your printer is an "intelligent"
peripheral, it uses none of your computer's memory.
Specifications
Table 1shows the specifications for the Model 4022 Printer.

TABLE 1
Model 4022 Printer Specifications
Printing Metiiod Serial Impact Dot Matrix
Print Rate 30 Ipm with 80 columns printed
50 Ipm with 40 columns printed
80 Ipm with 20 columns printed
Print Direction Unidirectional
Column Capacity 80
Character Font 5X8
Column Spacing 1/1 0" —1characters per inch
Line Spacing Programmable
Character Size .11 "high, .08" wide
Copies 3, including original
Ribbon Type Cartridge
Ribbon Life 2X10* characters
Ribbon Cartridge Commodore P/N 905242-01
Paper Width 10" computer folded paper
Forms 8.5 +.5X2 (sprocket margins)
Pin-to-pin distance: .5" longitudinally
9.5" laterally
5/32" diameter

UNPACKING YOUR PRINTER
Before you unpack your printer, inspect the shipping carton for signs of damage. If it appears
to be damaged, be especially careful when you inspect its contents. DON'T throw away any of
the packaging material until you have located all the contents of the carton! The package
should contain:
1
.
Commodore Printer, Model 4022
2. User Manual Number 4022025
3. Warranty card
4. Printer ribbon cartridge
5. Package of paper
6. Miscellaneous informational literature
If any of the first five is missing or damaged, notify your Commodore dealer immediately.
Additionally, you must obtain the appropriate cable from your Commodore dealer to connect
your printer to your computer. See Section 2, page 8, for information about which IEEE cable
to get.
-5

6-

Section 2
PREPARING TO USE YOUR PRINTER
Before starting to use your printer, you sliould make sure that it is in working condition. This
procedure includes checking for obstructions in the path of the print head or paper feed and
that the printer ribbon is properly in place. Follow this procedure:
1
.
Lift the plastic paper cover gently to expose print head and mechanism.
2. Carefully remove any foreign material that may have strayed into the mechanism or electronics.
3. Install the printer ribbon cartridge as shown in Figure 2.
4. Replace the plastic paper cover.
5. Insert the wire paper rest in the two holes in the rear of the cabinet. Do not attempt to load the paper
at this time.
PRINT HEAD
RIBBON CARTRIDGE
Figure 2. The Printer Cartridge
7-

CONNECTING THE PRINTER TO YOUR COMPUTER
One of two connector cables is required to connect the printer to the computer:
1PET-to-IEEE cable, P/N 320202
Use this cable if the printer is to be the only (or first) IEEE device connected to your
computer.
2. lEEE-to-IEEE cable, P/N 905080
Use this cable if you will be using your printer in conjunction with the Dual Drive Floppy
Disk Model 2040.
Follow these steps to connect your printer to your computer:
1. Turn off the AC power to your computer.
2. Place the printer in aconvenient location close to the computer. DO NOT connect the
printer to an AC outlet at this time.
3. If you are using the PET-to-IEEE cable, connect the cable between the IEEE-488 interface connector
on your computer and the connector on the printer as shown in Figure 3. If you are using the lEEE-
to-IEEE cable, connect the printer in aconfiguration similar to that shown in Figure 4.
4. Connect the printer's power cord to an AC outlet. DO NOT turn on the power at this time.
COMMODORE 2001 SERIES
COMPUTER
PET-TO-IEEE CABLE
(P/N 320101) COMMODORE PRINTER
Figure 3. Printer to Computer Hookup

COMMODORE 2001 SERIES COMPUTER
COMMODORE CBM PRINTER,
MODEL 4022
Figure 4. Multiple Hookup
PERFORMING THE POWER-ON TEST
You are now ready to proceed with the power-on part of the checkout:
1. Turn on the AC power to your computer and verify that it is working correctly.
2. To turn on the power to the printer, press the rocker switch at the rear of the printer so that
the white dot is visible. In response to the application of AC power, the printer's
microprocessor should move the print head all the way to the right, then to its home position
at the far left. If this does not happen (and that's highly unlikely), turn off both machines,
check all connections and try again. If you still get no response, contact your Commodore
dealer.
9-

INSTALLING THE PAPER
Now that you have gotten apositive response to all the previous steps, you can load the paper. See
Figures 5and 6.
PAPER ENTRY
TRACTOR FEED
MODEL 4022
Figure 5. Paper Path
Loading Model 4022
The tractor feed printer accepts standard fan-folded pin feed paper. You can purchase this paper from
your local Commodore dealer.
The paper drive in this printer may be adjusted to accept varying widths of paper. This is done by lifting
the lever on each pin feed mechanism and sliding it to the desired position. Lock the levers in the rear-
ward position when the adjustment is complete. Depress the paper feed button in the upper right-hand
top panel to advance the paper after it is loaded. To remove the paper, open the feed mechanism
retainers and pull the paper out.
10-

Figure 6. Inserting Paper Into Model 4022
PERFORMING THE PRINT HEAD TEST
You can test the print head (and the ribbon cartridge as well) after you have inserted the paper. NEVER
allow any printing to occur when there is no paper in the printer. To do so may result in damage to the
print head. To perform this test, simply turn off the printer, then turn it back on while pressing the paper
feed button, It is necessary to keep your finger on the feed button until the initial pass of the head is
completed. This first pass of the head is used by the internal software to ensure that the head is able to
move the entire cycle.
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You know how to connect your printer to your computer, how to check it out and how to insert
the ribbon and paper. You are now ready for the next step: putting your Commodore printer to
work.
11

12

Section 3
USING YOUR PRINTER
Your printer does much more than just give you clean, fast copy. Since it has its own internal
microprocessor system, it is very versatile. Inthis section you will learn how to use your printer
to print out listings, program results, and graphic displays. You will learn how to use it to format
data and enhance character size. You will even be able to create your own custom character.
Before you attempt to use your printer, make sure you know how to do the following:
1. Operate your Commodore computer.
2. Do elementary programming in BASIC.
3. Write files to and from aperipheral device such as the tape cassette recorder or the Model
2040 Floppy Disk Drive.
4. Open and close files.
You should refer to your computer User Manual for this information.
This section uses certain conventions to indicate certain actions or requirements:
Example Description
dn Italicized lowercase letters in asyntax indicate
that you should enter something (a variable) in
place of the letters.
[]Brackets indicates optional usage.
NOTE: The commands described in this manual apply specifically to use with
the printer. Certain of the commands may follow aslightly different general
form or produce different results from those described here when they are
used for the computer or other peripheral devices. Consult the appropriate
manual for the exact usage of these commands in other contexts.
13

SPECIAL PRINTER-ASSOCIATED COMMANDS
When you want to print something on your printer, essentially what you are doing is
transferring the video screen function to the printer. Afew special BASIC commands allow you
to make this transfer. Most otherBASIC considerations and rules remain the same. Always
remember to press the [return] key after you type each command.
The OPEN Command
The syntax of the OPEN command is:
OPEN Ifn. dn, [sa]
This command sets acorrespondence between afile number and aphysical device. The//nor
logical file number may be any number you choose to assign to your file from 1to 255. It
doesn't matter which number you choose as long as you remain consistent throughout your
set of commands. The dn or device number (also known as the primary address) refers to the
device to which you wish to send the file. In the case of the printer, the number must be 4since
that is the number assigned to it at the factory.
NOTE: If you should want to change aprinter number, you can have it changed
by an authorized Commodore technician. See your Commodore dealer about
this. (You might want to have aprinter's device number changed if you have
two printers attached to your computer. You need to refer to each of them
individually; hence, the need to change one of the device numbers.)
The sa or secondary address is somewhat of aunique concept. It alerts the printer's
microprocessor system that formatting is to occur. Secondary addresses are thoroughly
discussed starting on page 21, under FORMAT CONTROL.
The CMD Command
The syntax of this command is:
CMD Ifn
CMD transfers control from the computer to the printer. The//n must be the same as that in the
OPEN statement with which it is associated. Unlike aPRINT command, the line or bus to the
receiving device is left open. The line or bus to the receiving device (in this case, the printer) is
said to be "listening." When you give the CMD command, the printer prints READY and the red
LED in the paper feed button lights up to indicate the printer is waiting for further commands. If
you follow aCMD command with aPRINT or aLIST command, the output is directed to the
printer.
14-

The PRINT# Command
The syntax of the PRINT* command is:
PRINT# Ifn, data
PRINT* works just like PRINT except that it directs output to the printer instead of the video
screen. The line to the printer is closed after printing the designated data. The line or bus to the
printer is said to be "unlistened." Therefore, if you have used the CMD command, it is
necessary to follow it with aPRINT* command in order to close down the connection between
the printer and the computer.
NOTE: In standard Commodore BASIC, the PRINT command can be
abbreviated as aquestion mark (?). You may not do this with PRINT*. It must
always be typed out as PRINT*.
The CLOSE Command
The syntax of this command is:
CLOSE Hn
You should always close afile after printing from it. You may not exceed ten open files so it is
well to make ahabit of closing files when you are finished with them. This way you will always
have the maximum number of files available for use. As you shall see later, one file may be open
under several logical file numbers at one time.
Remember, since CMD does not close the line to the printer, you must always precede a
CLOSE command with PRINT* in order to properly close the file.
Example:
Right Wrong
OPEN 5. 4
PRINT#5."HELL0 THERE-
CLOSE 5
OPEN 5, 4OPEN 5.4
CMD 5."HELL0 THERE" not CMD 5. "HELLO THERE'
PRINT#5:CL0SE 5CLOSE 5
15-