CSZ EZT-570i User manual

EZT570i User Communication Reference Manual revA
EZT-570i
User Communication Reference Manual

EZT-570i User Communication Reference Manual
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Definition of Terms................................................................................................................ 3
2. Serial Communication...................................................................................... 5
2.1 Interface Standards .............................................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Interface Converters ................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Protocol................................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Write your own Modbus Application ................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Packet Syntax........................................................................................................ 12
2.4 EZT-570i Control Registers ................................................................................................ 15
2.5 EZT-570i Profile Registers ................................................................................................. 35
2.5.1 Profile Download Algorithm ................................................................................... 41
2.5.2 Sending a Profile to the EZT-570i ......................................................................... 43
2.5.3 Starting a Profile in the EZT-570i .......................................................................... 44
Appendix
Common Terms and Definitions

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1. Introduction
This document is targeted towards new users interested in using data communications with CSZ
EZT-570i controllers. The purpose of this manual is to enable users to:
1. Understand the basics of data communications via standard definitions, interfaces and
protocols.
2. Set up and use a simple network of one or more EZT-570i controller(s).
In this manual, numbers in the format 0x00 represent values in hexadecimal. Numbers in the format
0 represent values in decimal and finally, numbers in the format 00000000 represent values in
binary unless otherwise stated.
1.1 Definition of Terms
Machine-to-Machine Communication
In order for machines to communicate with each other, they need a code called a character format or
character set. They need rules called protocol to govern their conversation and prevent confusion and
errors. Computers need a connecting interface over which to communicate. They may use one pair
of wires to send information in one direction and another pair to send in the opposite direction (full
duplex). Or they may use one pair to send in both directions (half duplex).
Character Format
The code or character format for the EZT-570i data communication is shared by virtually everyone in
the electronics industry. This code defines a computer stream of 1’s and 0’s, that are created by
varying a voltage signal in a regular manner. This code is the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange, called ASCII.
Bits and Bytes
The word bit is simply the contraction of the words binary digit. A bit is the basic unit in ASCII. It is
either a “1” or a “0”. A byte is a string of eight bits that a computer treats as a single character. ASCII
can use a single byte to represent each letter of the alphabet, each digit and each punctuation mark
we use.
ASCII
The ASCII code defines 128 separate characters, one for each letter, digit and punctuation mark.
ASCII also includes control characters similar to those we find on computer keys, such as backspace,
shift and return. It also has nine communications control characters for identification, enquiry
(inquiry), start of text, end of text, end of transmission, acknowledge, negative acknowledge and
escape. The ASCII code is sometimes written in a base 16 number system that is called
hexadecimal or “hex” for short. The numbers 0 through 9 represents the first ten digits of this system,
and the letters A through F represents the final six digits. The 128 ASCII character codes with the
decimal, binary and hexadecimal equivalents are listed in the following table.
ASCII Control Codes
ASCII Control Codes are used to give instructions to the remote device and result in specific actions,
such as a line feed instruction on a printer. ASCII Control Codes, the first 33 ASCII characters (non
printable), are important for the operation of communicating equipment. They give instruction to
remote devices that result in specific actions such as a line feed on a printer. Holding down the
keyboard control key while pressing the appropriate keyboard key is what sends these values.

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ASCII Character Chart
Char Code Decimal Binary Hex Char Code Decimal Binary Hex
NUL Ctrl @ 0 00000000 00 @Shift 2 64 01000000 40
SOH Ctrl A 1 00000001 01
A
Shift A 65 01000001 41
STX Ctrl B 2 00000010 02 BShift B 66 01000010 42
ETX Ctrl C 3 00000011 03 CShift C 67 01000011 43
EOT Ctrl D 4 00000100 04 DShift D 68 01000100 44
ENQ Ctrl E 5 00000101 05 EShift E 69 01000101 45
ACK Ctrl F 6 00000110 06 FShift F 70 01000110 46
BEL Ctrl G 7 00000111 07 GShift G 71 01000111 47
BS Ctrl H 8 00001000 08 HShift H 72 01001000 48
TAB Ctrl I 9 00001001 09 IShift I 73 01001001 49
LF Ctrl J 10 00001010 0A JShift J 74 01001010 4A
V
T Ctrl K 11 00001011 0B
K
Shift K 75 01001011 4B
FF Ctrl L 12 00001100 0C LShift L 76 01001100 4C
CR Ctrl M 13 00001101 0D MShift M 77 01001101 4D
SO Ctrl N 14 00001110 0E NShift N 78 01001110 4E
SI Ctrl O 15 00001111 0F OShift O 79 01001111 4F
DLE Ctrl P 16 00010000 10 PShift P 80 01010000 50
DC1 Ctrl Q 17 00010001 11 QShift Q 81 01010001 51
DC2 Ctrl R 18 00010010 12 RShift R 82 01010010 52
DC3 Ctrl S 19 00010011 13 SShift S 83 01010011 53
DC4 Ctrl T 20 00010100 14 TShift T 84 01010100 54
NAK Ctrl U 21 00010101 15 UShift U 85 01010101 55
SYN Ctrl V 22 00010110 16
V
Shift V 86 01010110 56
ETB Ctrl W 23 00010111 17 WShift W 87 01010111 57
CAN Ctrl X 24 00011000 18
X
Shift X 88 01011000 58
EM Ctrl Y 25 00011001 19
Y
Shift Y 89 01011001 59
SUB Ctrl Z 26 00011010 1A ZShift Z 90 01011010 5A
ESC Ctrl [ 27 00011011 1B [[ 91 01011011 5B
FS Ctrl \ 28 00011100 1C
\
\ 92 01011100 5C
GS Ctrl ] 29 00011101 1D ]] 93 01011101 5D
RS Ctrl ^ 30 00011110 1E ^Shift 6 94 01011110 5E
US Ctrl _ 31 00011111 1F _Shift - 95 01011111 5F
SP SPACE 32 00100000 20 `` 96 01100000 60
! Shift 1 33 00100001 21 aA 97 01100001 61
" Shift ‘ 34 00100010 22 bB 98 01100010 62
# Shift 3 35 00100011 23 cC 99 01100011 63
$ Shift 4 36 00100100 24 dD 100 01100100 64
% Shift 5 37 00100101 25 eE 101 01100101 65
& Shift 7 38 00100110 26
f
F 102 01100110 66
‘ ‘ 39 00100111 27 gG 103 01100111 67
( Shift 9 40 00101000 28 hH 104 01101000 68
) Shift 0 41 00101001 29 II 105 01101001 69
* Shift 8 42 00101010 2A jJ 106 01101010 6A
+ Shift = 43 00101011 2B kK 107 01101011 6B
, , 44 00101100 2C lL 108 01101100 6C
- - 45 00101101 2D mM 109 01101101 6D
. . 46 00101110 2E nN 110 01101110 6E
/
/ 47 00101111 2F oO 111 01101111 6F
0 0 48 00110000 30 pP 112 01110000 70
1 1 49 00110001 31 qQ 113 01110001 71
2 2 50 00110010 32 rR 114 01110010 72
3 3 51 00110011 33 sS 115 01110011 73
4 4 52 00110100 34 tT 116 01110100 74
5 5 53 00110101 35 uU 117 01110101 75
6 6 54 00110110 36 vV 118 01110110 76
7 7 55 00110111 37 wW 119 01110111 77
8 8 56 00111000 38 xX 120 01111000 78
9 9 57 00111001 39 yY 121 01111001 79
: Shift ; 58 00111010 3A zZ 122 01111010 7A
; ; 59 00111011 3B {Shift [ 123 01111011 7B
< Shift , 60 00111100 3C |Shift \ 124 01111100 7C
= = 61 00111101 3D }Shift ] 125 01111101 7D
> Shift . 62 00111110 3E ~Shift ` 126 01111110 7E
? Shift / 63 00111111 3F DEL Delete 127 01111111 7F

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2. Serial Communication
The primary interface CSZ has chosen for the EZT-570i employs serial communication, which is the
exchange of data in a one-bit-at-a-time, sequential manner on a single data line or channel. Serial
contrasts with parallel communication, which sends several bits of information simultaneously over
multiple lines or channels. Not only is serial data communication simpler than parallel, it is also less
costly.
Baud Rate
The baud unit is named after Jean Maurice Emile Baudot, who was an officer in the French Telegraph
Service. He is credited with devising the first uniform-length 5-bit code for characters of the alphabet
in the late 19th century. What baud really refers to is modulation rate or the number of times per
second that a line changes state. This is not always the same as bits per second (BPS). However, if
you connect two serial devices together using direct cables then baud and BPS are in fact the same.
Thus, if you are running at 9600 BPS, then the line is also changing states 9600 times per second.
Typical baud rates for computers are 9600, 19200, 38400 and 57600 baud. As the baud rate
increases, so does the transmission rate of data. Thus you get more information in a shorter period
of time. However, the faster the transmission rate, the more susceptible it is to error due to the
quality of the cable and sources of electrical “noise” in the environment. In order to balance
throughput with reliability, CSZ has chosen to use 9600 baud as the data rate for the EZT-570i. Thus
a device used to communicate with the EZT-570i must have its serial port set for 9600 baud in order
to for data communications to work properly.
Start and Stop Bits
The start bit informs the receiving device that a character is coming, and a stop bit tells it that a
character is complete. The start bit is always a 0. The stop bit is always a 1. The human speech
equivalent of these bits could be a clearing of the throat to get someone’s attention (start bit); and a
pause at the end of a phrase (stop bit). Both help the listener understand the message.
A stop bit has a value of 1 - or a mark state - and it can be detected correctly even if the previous
data bit also had a value of 1. This is accomplished by the stop bit's duration. Stop bits can be 1,
1.5, or 2 bit periods in length. CSZ has chosen to use the default – and most common – length of 1
period for the EZT-570i. A device used to communicate with the EZT-570i must also have its serial
port set to use a stop bit of 1 in order for data communications to work properly.
Parity Bit
Besides the synchronization provided by the use of start and stop bits, an additional bit called a parity
bit may optionally be transmitted along with the data. A parity bit affords a small amount of error
checking, to help detect data corruption that might occur during transmission. You can choose either
even parity, odd parity, mark parity, space parity or none at all. When even or odd parity is being
used, the number of marks (logical 1 bits) in each data byte are counted, and a single bit is
transmitted following the data bits to indicate whether the number of 1 bits just sent is even or odd.
For example, when even parity is chosen, the parity bit is transmitted with a value of 0 if the number
of preceding marks is an even number. For the binary value of 0110 0011 the parity bit would be 0.
If even parity were in effect and the binary number 1101 0110 were sent, then the parity bit would be
1. Odd parity is just the opposite, and the parity bit is 0 when the number of mark bits in the
preceding word is an odd number. Mark parity means that the parity bit is always set to the mark
signal condition and likewise space parity always sends the parity bit in the space signal condition.
Since these two parity options serve no useful purpose whatsoever, they are almost never used. The
EZT-570i can be set for even, odd or no parity. A device used to communicate with the EZT-570i
must also have its serial port set to use the same parity setting as the EZT-570i in order for data
communications to work properly.

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2.1 Interface Standards
An interface is a means for electronic systems to interact. It’s a specific kind of electrical wiring
configuration. CSZ has selected to use two of the most common serial interfaces used today. This
provides both a simple 1 to 1 connection to a PC or PLC using readily available cabling as well as a
multi-drop connection where more than one EZT-570i can be placed on the line.
EIA-232 (Full Duplex)
An EIA-232 (formerly RS-232C) interface uses three wires: a single transmit wire; a single receive
wire; and a common line. Only two devices can use an EIA-232 interface. A -3 to -24 volt signal
indicates a 1 and a +3 to +24 volt signal indicates a 0. The EIA-232 signal is referenced to the
common line rather than to a separate wire, as in EIA-485. Thus, an EIA-232 cable is limited to a
maximum of 50 feet, due to noise susceptibility.
EIA-485 (Half Duplex)
An EIA-485 interface uses two wires: a T+/R+, a T-/R- line. A -5-volt signal is interpreted as a 1, a
+5-volt signal as a 0. As many as 31 remote devices can be connected to a master on a multi-drop
network up to 4000 feet long.
Wiring
Most PCs have a standard EIA-232 port (usually referred to as RS-232). In these instances, you
must use an interface converter to connect to EIA-485. These interface standards are required to
have a multi-drop system (more than one EZT-570i on the link). The following list references some
vendors who sell these converters. Should your PC have the appropriate interface, just connect
using the wiring shown in the Getting Started section.
For EIA-485, the terminal marked “A” usually connects to the T+/R+ while the “B” terminal connects to
the T-/R- of the EZT-570i controller. The standards do not specify the wire size and type. Use of
AWG 24 twisted pair provides excellent results. If shielded cable is used, terminate the shield at one
end only. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions supplied with the interface converter. See
Biasing of Buses next.
Biasing of Buses
The EIA-485 standard requires the bus to be biased for reliable communication. This requires
termination resistors to be placed across the T+/R+ and T-/R- wires. One resistor is placed at the PC
where it connects to the EIA-485 bus. The second resistor is placed at the last controller on the
network. Do not place resistors at each controller. The impedance of the wires used for the bus
determines the resistor value. For twisted pair, the value is typically 120 ohms. In addition, it may be
necessary to have a pull-up and pull-down resistor between the power supply and ground of the
interface adapter.
Check the documentation that came with your interface adapter. Biasing the bus reduces reflection
of signals sent down the bus. These reflections are sometimes referred to as a standing wave. This
condition is most notable when communicating at high baud rates over longer distances.

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2.1.1 Interface Converters
The purpose of an interface converter is to allow two different buses to be connected together.
Interface converters are required when connecting an EIA-232 port to an EIA-485 bus. The EIA-485
bus is a half duplex bus. This means that it can only send or receive data at any given time. Some
interface converters on the market provide the ability to have full duplex with the EIA-485 bus. This is
accomplished by using two receivers and transmitters tied in tandem. This type of converter will not
work with the EZT-570i controller. Be sure that the model you purchase is designed for half duplex.
Another consideration when selecting an interface converter is how the converter handles switching
between transmit and receive. Typically it is accomplished via a handshake line from the PC. When
data flows into the converter from the PC, a handshake line is placed high. When data flows out of
the converter to the PC, the handshake line is placed low. In this way, the handshake line controls
the direction of information. Another method of achieving this is to use a built-in timer. The converter
switches to transmit when a character is sent to it from the PC. After a period of time when the PC
has not transmitted, the converter switches to a receive mode.
It is important that you understand how your converter accomplishes this task. You are required to
wire this feature or make settings on the converter to enable this function. The PC will not talk to the
controller correctly with out properly setting this. Your converter may also require settings through dip
switches, to set up communications parameters like baud rate, data bits, start bits, stop bits and
handshaking. The converter may also require a separate power supply. Some converters get their
power from the handshake lines of the PC. If you rely on this method, you will need to wire these
additional lines. In addition, your software must set these lines high. A more reliable method is to
use the external power supply. This is especially necessary when using a laptop computer. See the
documentation that is provided with your converter for more detail.
Not all converters are equal in performance. If your chamber operates in a harsh, electrically noisy
environment, this can cause less robust converters to work intermittently or not at all. CSZ has only
tested the converters listed below; however, CSZ makes no claims as to the performance or
compatibility of these converters with your PC. These converters are equipped with automatic send
data control circuits, driver control in the converter hardware, so you don’t have to work with software
at all. The circuit monitors data flow and enables the driver during transmission and automatically
disables it when no data is being sent. There is no need to rework software or install new drivers.
B&B Electronics
707 Dayton Road
PO Box 1040
Ottawa, IL 61350
Phone [phone]
http://www.bb-elec.com
Part # 485OI9TB for EIA-232 to EIA-85
Part # 485PS2 (external power supply – required if handshake lines unavailable for power)
RESmith
4311 Smith Drive
Hamilton, OH 45011
Phone [phone]
http://www.RS485.com
Part # ASC24T-B9FPS for EIA-232 to EIA-485 (provided with adapter cables and power supply)

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2.2 Protocol
Protocol describes how to initiate an exchange. It also prevents two machines from attempting to
send data at the same time. There are a number of different data communications protocols, just as
there are different human cultural protocols that vary according to the situation.
The protocol portion of EZT-570i communications is very important, because it provides a quality of
communication that others often don’t have. Protocol-driven communications are more accurate,
because they are less prone to both operator and noise errors. Protocol maintains system integrity
by requiring a response to each message. It’s like registered mail — you know that your letter has
been received because the post office sends you a signed receipt.
In EZT-570i data communications, a dialog will continue successfully as long as the messages are in
the correct form and responses are returned to the protocol leader. If the operator enters an incorrect
message, or interference comes on to the data line, there will be no response. In that case the
master must retransmit the message or go to a recovery procedure. If an operator continues to enter
an incorrect message or interference continues on the data line, the system will halt until the problem
is resolved. CSZ has selected Modbus RTU as the protocol of choice. Modbus RTU enables a PC to
read and write directly to registers containing the EZT-570i’s parameters. With it, you can read all
180 of the controller’s parameters with three read commands.
Modbus Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
Gould Modicon, now called AEG Schneider, created this protocol for process control systems called
"Modbus". It has the advantage over other protocols of being extremely reliable in exchanging
information. This protocol works on the principle of packet exchanges. The packet contains the
address of the controller to receive the information, a command field that says what is to be done with
the information and several fields of data. Reading from these registers retrieves all information in
the controller. The last item sent in the packet is a field to ensure the data is received intact. This is
called a cyclic redundancy check-sum. See the following example for information on how to generate
this value. All information exchanged is in hex numbers. The EZT-570i only supports the binary
version of Modbus, referenced as RTU. The ASCII version is less efficient and is not supported.
The CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Checksum) is calculated by the following steps:
1. Load a 16-bit register (called CRC register) with 0xFFFF
2. Exclusive OR the first 8-bit byte of the command message with the low order byte of the 16-bit
CRC register, putting the result in the CRC register.
3. Shift the CRC register one bit to the right with MSB zero filling. Extract and examine the LSB.
4. If the LSB of the CRC register is zero, repeat step 3, else Exclusive OR the CRC register with the
polynomial value 0xA001.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until eight shifts have been performed. When this is done, a complete 8-bit
byte will have been processed.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for the next 8-bit byte of the command message. Continue doing this
until all bytes of the command message have been processed. The final contents of the CRC
register is the CRC value.
When transmitting the CRC value in the message, the upper and lower bytes of the CRC value
must be swapped, i.e. the lower order byte will be transmitted first.

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Cyclical Redundancy Checksum (CRC) Algorithm
unsigned int calc_crc(unsigned char *start_of_packet, unsigned char *end_of_packet)
{
unsigned int crc;
unsigned char bit_count;
unsigned char *char_ptr;
/* Start at the beginning of the packet */
char_ptr = start_of_packet;
/* Initialize CRC */
crc = 0xFFFF;
/* Loop through the entire packet */
do{
/* Exclusive-OR the byte with the CRC */
crc ^= (unsigned int)*char_ptr;
/* Loop through all 8 data bits */
bit_count = 0;
do{
/* If the LSB is 1, shift the CRC and XOR the polynomial mask with the CRC */
if(crc & 0x0001){
crc >>= 1;
crc ^= 0xA001;
}
/* If the LSB is 0, shift the CRC only */
else{
crc >>= 1;
}
} while(bit_count++ < 7);
} while(char_ptr++ < end_of_packet);
return(crc);
}

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2.3 Write your own Modbus Application
Listed below are a few of the more common software packages that claim to support the Modbus
protocol. CSZ does not recommend any one software package nor supports the implementation of
any software package not sold by CSZ. This list is provided as informational only. CSZ makes no
claims as to the performance or compatibility of any software package with your. Contact the
software manufacturer for more information on applying their software.
LabView by National Instruments
6504 Bridge Point Parkway
Austin, TX 78730-5039
Phone [phone]
http://www.natinst.com
OI-2000 by Software Horizons, Inc.
10 Tower Office Park
Suite 200
Woburn, MA 01801-2120
Phone [phone]
http://www.shorizons.com
SpecView by SpecView, LLC
41 Canyon Green Court
San Ramon, CA 94583
Phone [phone]
http://www.specview.com
Wonderware 2000 by Wonderware
Corp.
100 Technology Drive
Irvine, CA 92718
Phone [phone]
http://www.wonderware.com