Dalsa PIRANHA CT-P1 User manual

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PIRANHA
CT-P1, CL-P1
High-Speed Line Scan
Camera User’s Manual
03-32-00253
rev 13
Printed 6/6/2005 9:09:00 AM
PIRANHA
PIRANHA

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DALSA Corp. 03-32-00253-13
© 2005 DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No
responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use. DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this
information without notice. Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited
without prior permission having been obtained from DALSA.
About DALSA
DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs,
develops, manufactures, and markets digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing
wafer foundry services. DALSA’s core competencies are in specialized integrated circuit and electronics
technology, and highly engineered semiconductor wafer processing. Products include image sensor
components; electronic digital cameras; and semiconductor wafer foundry services for use in MEMS,
power semiconductors, image sensors and mixed signal CMOS chips.
DALSA is a public company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “DSA”. Based in
Waterloo, On. Canada, the company has operations in Bromont, PQ; Colorado Springs, CO; Eindhoven,
NL; Munich, Germany and Tokyo, Japan.
All DALSA products are manufactured using the latest state-of-the-art equipment to ensure product
reliability. All electronic modules and cameras are subjected to a 24 hour burn-in test.
For further information not included in this manual, or for information on DALSA’s extensive line of
image sensing products, please call:
DALSA Sales Offices
Waterloo Europe Asia Pacific
605 McMurray Rd
Waterloo, ON
N2V 2E9
Canada
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
Breslauer Str. 34
D-82194 Gröbenzell
(Munich)
Germany
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
Space G1 Building, 4F
2-40-2 Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014
Japan
[phone] (phone)
[phone] (fax)
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
DALSA Worldwide Operations
Waterloo Colorado Springs Europe Asia Pacific
605 McMurray Rd
Waterloo, ON
N2V 2E9
Canada
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
4820 Centennial Blvd., Suite
115
Colorado Springs, CO 80919
USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
Breslauer Str. 34
D-82194 Gröbenzell
(Munich)
Germany
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
Space G1 Building, 4F
2-40-2 Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014
Japan
[phone] (phone)
[phone] (fax)
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]

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Contents
Introduction to Piranha ___________________________________________________ 5
1.1 Camera Highlights.......................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Image Sensor...............................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Camera Performance Specification .............................................................................................................................7
1.4 CCD Camera Primer.....................................................................................................................................................8
Camera Hardware Interface________________________________________________ 9
2.1 Installation Overview...................................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Calculating Speed and Resolution...............................................................................................................................9
2.3 Input/Output................................................................................................................................................................10
2.4 Connectors Pinouts, and Cables...................................................................................................................................11
2.5 Power Supplies............................................................................................................................................................12
2.6 User Bus (Inputs).........................................................................................................................................................12
2.7 Data Bus ......................................................................................................................................................................13
2.8 Timing .........................................................................................................................................................................14
2.9 Detailed Timing...........................................................................................................................................................14
Optical and Mechanical Considerations ________________________________________ 15
3.1 Mechanical Interface....................................................................................................................................................15
3.2 Mounting .....................................................................................................................................................................15
3.3 Environment ................................................................................................................................................................15
3.4 Optical Interface ..........................................................................................................................................................18
3.5 Lens Modeling .............................................................................................................................................................19
3.6 EMC Operation.............................................................................................................................................................20
Troubleshooting________________________________________________________ 23
4.1 General Solutions........................................................................................................................................................23
4.2 Specific Solutions.........................................................................................................................................................25
4.3 Product Support...........................................................................................................................................................27
EIA-644 Reference ______________________________________________________ 29
EMC Declaration of Conformity______________________________________________ 33
Index _______________________________________________________________ 37

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1
Introduction to Piranha
1.1 Camera Highlights
•512, 1024, 2048, or 4096 element line scan; 10µm square pixels, 100% fill factor
•Low image lag and high blue response
•25MHz typical data rate
•8-bit data, EIA-644 (LVDS) format
•2 or 4 outputs
•Exposure control and antiblooming
•C-mount optics for 512 & 1024 resolutions; F-mount for 2048 & 4096
•CE Compliant. Operation verified to limits set in EMC standards IEC 1000-4-2; 1995,
1000-4-3; 1995, 1000-4-4; 1995, and CISPR-22.
Design
The Piranha camera uses DALSA’s patented modular architecture. This system of
connecting circuit modules through standardized busses allows DALSA to build a high
performance modular camera using the reliability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of
high-volume interchangeable parts. Within the Piranha camera, a timing board (PB-P1-
X206) generates all internal timing and a driver board (PB-P1-X138 for resolutions up to
2048; PB-P1-X139 for 4096) provides bias voltages and clocks to the CCD image sensor.
For enhanced dynamic range, one or two A/D board (PB-xx-D344) process the video and
digitize it to 10 bits before outputting the most significant 8 bits..
1.2 Image Sensor
The Piranha cameras use the IL-P1 and IT-P1 family of image sensors. They are available
with 512 (IL-P1 only), 1024, 2048, or 4096 pixels with 10µm square pixels on a 10µm pitch
with 100% fill factor.

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Figure 1. IL-P1 Image Sensor
Figure 2. IT-P1 Image Sensor

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1.3 Camera Performance Specification
Table 1. CT-P1 and CL-P1 Performance Specifications
Calibration Conditions Units Min. Typ. Max. Notes
Data Rate (STROBE)
MHz 25 25
Light Intensity µW/cm
2
45 1
Line Rate (LVAL), max. Units CT-P1 CL-P1
512 kHz NA 79
1024 kHz 79 43
2048 kHz 43 23
4096 kHz 23 11
Specification Units Min. Typ. Max. Notes
Saturation Output Amplitude DN 243 250 254
Output Gain Mismatch DN 5
Photoresponse Non-Uniformity (PRNU)
Global, exposure control disabled DN 815
Pixel-pixel, exposure control disabled DN 4 8
Global, 50% exposure control DN 815
Pixel-pixel, 50% exposure control DN 4 8
Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN)
Global, exposure control disabled
DN 2 3 2,3
Pixel-pixel, exposure control disabled
DN 2 3 2,3
Global, 50% exposure control
DN 2 3 2,4
Pixel-pixel, 50% exposure control
DN 2 3 2,4
DC Offset DN 2 4 7 3
DC Offset Mismatch DN 31
Exposure Control Offset DN 2 4 7 4
Random Noise (pk-pk) DN 2 4 3
(rms) DN 0.5 0.8 3
Noise Equivalent Exposure pJ/cm
2
121
Saturation Equivalent Exposure nJ/cm
2
60
Responsivity DN/(nJ/cm
2
)4.12
Dynamic Range ratio 496:1
Supply Current +15.0 V mA 200 400
Supply Current +5.0 V (25MHz, terminated) mA 1025 1300
Supply Current +5.0 V(25MHz, unterminated) mA 925 1200
Supply Current -5.0 V mA 175 200
Notes
DN = digital numbers, also known as “levels”
(0-255 for 8-bit systems).
1. DC light source, bulb color temp. 3150°K,
integrating sphere, HR750 hot mirror.
2. No pixel exclusions.
3. Exposure control disabled.
4. Exposure control enabled.

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1.4 CCD Camera Primer
In a camera such as the Piranha, a CCD image sensor converts photons (light) into
electrons (charge). When photons hit an image sensor, the sensor accumulates electrons.
This is called charge integration. The brighter your light source, the more photons
available for the sensor to integrate, and the smaller the amount of time required to
collect a given amount of light energy.
The way photosensitive
elements (pixels) on CCD
image sensors collect
charge has often been
compared to wells or
buckets filling with
water. From this analogy
comes the term “full-well
capacity,” meaning the
maximum charge (number of electrons) a pixel well can hold without “spilling” charge
onto adjacent pixels.
As an
image
sweeps
over a line
of pixels,
the pixels
collect
charge. At
certain
intervals,
the sensor
transfers its
collected
charge to one or more readout registers, which feed each pixel’s charge from the image
sensor into an output node that converts the charges into voltages.
After this transfer and conversion, the voltages are amplified to become the camera’s
analog output. In digital output cameras, the camera’s analog-to-digital (A/D) board
converts voltages to digital numbers (0-255 for 8-bit cameras, 0-4095 for 12-bit cameras).
These digital numbers are what the camera outputs as data to a framegrabber.
For more information on terms and concepts from the digital imaging industry, see DALSA’s
current Databook Glossary, CCD Technology Primer, and Application Notes.

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2
Camera Hardware
Interface
2.1 Installation Overview
Before setting up your camera or making cables for it, you should determine your
application’s requirements:
•Calculate the resolution, speed of object or web, and lighting required (see below for
speed/resolution; see chapter 3 for optical guidelines).
•Identify the source of your EXSYNC control signal (framegrabber, custom controller,
shaft/web encoder, etc.).
These choices affect the way you cable and configure your system. Note that most
framegrabbers supply cables, but since you may have to build custom cables, interfaces,
or controllers, planning ahead will save time and effort.
In order to set up your camera, you should take these steps:
1. Test and connect power supplies.
2. Test and connect User Bus control signals from framegrabber.
3. Test and connect data signals output from camera.
You must also set up the other components of your system, including light sources,
framegrabbers, camera mounts, heat sinks, host computers, optics, and so on.
2.2 Calculating Speed and Resolution
When setting up your linescan application, you must know your application’s
requirements, including number of pixels, magnification, EXSYNC frequency, and
shaft/web encoder details.

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This example assumes that, for a particular application, you want to inspect a web 20cm
wide moving 4m/s and you want 100µm on the web to be represented by one pixel
(14µm).
# Pixels
necessary =
pixelperm100 cm20 resolutiondesired imageofwidthtotal µ
=
= 2000 pixels
Magnification =m100 m10
resolutiondesired sizepixel µ
µ
=
= 0.10
EXSYNC
Frequency = m100
m/s4
resolutiondesired speedweb µ
=
= 40kHz
Shaft Encoder
Circumference You require 1 pulse for every 100µm of
object travel. Assuming a shaft/web
encoder producing 1000 pulses/rev., shaft
circumference must be 1000 x 100µm
= 0.10m
2.3 Input/Output

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2.4 Connectors Pinouts, and Cables
DB15F—Control (Inputs) DB37F—Data Bus (Outputs)
Pin Signal
1Futureuse
2Futureuse
3Futureuse
4EXSYNCB
5PRIN
6Futureuse
7 No connect
8 No connect
Pin Signal
9 Future use
10 Future use
11 Future use
12 EXSYNC
13 PRINB
14 Future use
15 No connect
Pin Signal
1BD7(MSB)
2BD6
3BD5
4BD4
5BD3
6BD2
7BD1
8BD0(LSB)
Pin Signal B
20 BD7B
21 BD6B
22 BD5B
23 BD4B
24 BD3B
25 BD2B
26 BD1B
27 BD0B
DB15M—Power
9 AD7 (MSB) 28 AD7B
10 AD6
11 AD5
12 AD4
13 AD3
29 AD6B
30 AD5B
31 AD4B
32 AD3B
Pin Signal
1DGND
2+5VDigital
3Futureuse
4-5VDigital
5Futureuse
6+15VAnalog
7+15VAnalog
8AGND
Pin Signal
9+5VDigital
10 DGND
11 Future use
12 Future use
13 -5V Analog
14 AGND
15 +5V Analog
14 AD2
15 AD1
16 AD0 (LSB)
17 STROBE
18 LVAL
19 No connect
33 AD2B
34 AD1B
35 AD0B
36 STROBEB
37 LVALB
Note: Each DB37
connector supplies
two channels of data
(e.g. O S1+OS2,
OS3+OS4)
1
20 37
19
Mating Parts:
A
mphenol hood 17-1657-37
plug 205210-3, AMP pin 745254-7AMP
Belden cable 9819 28AW G (or equivalents)
1
915
8
Mating Parts: Amphenol hood 17-1657-15
205205-2, AMP socket 745253-7,AMP receptacle
Belden cable 9946 22AW G (or equivalents)
8
15
9
1
Mating Parts: Amphenol hood 17-1657-15
plug 205206-3, AMP pin 745254-7,AMP
Belden cable 9807 28AW G (or equivalents)
Note: Do not connect to ”Factory use,” “Future use,” or “N o connect” pins.
1
20 37
19
OS2/4 OS1/3

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2.5 Power Supplies
Follow these guidelines when setting up power supplies:
•Keep power cable connections as short as possible.
•Use an oscilloscope or multimeter to check the voltages present on your
power/control cable before you connect it to the camera.
•IMPORTANT: If you use multiple power supplies, make sure all grounds are
connected together both at the camera and at the supplies.
•Do not use the shield conductor on a multi-conductor cable for ground.
See section 1.3 for power supply requirements.
The companies listed below make power supplies that meet the camera’s requirements,
but they should not be considered the only choices. Many high quality supplies are
available from other vendors. DALSA assumes no responsibility for the use of these
supplies.
•Uniforce, 408-946-3864 (CA, USA) •Power-One, 805-987-8741 (CA, USA)
•Vision 1, 406-585-7225 (MT, USA) •Tectrol Inc., 416-630-4026 (ON, CAN)
•Xantrex, 206-671-2966 (WA, USA)
2.6 User Bus (Inputs)
The User Bus uses a DB15 connector and includes the mandatory control signal EXSYNC
and optional signal PRIN. These signals must be supplied from your imaging system to
the camera in EIA-644 (LVDS) format, which requires the use of twisted pair cable.
DALSA recommends shielded cables. Maximum cable length depends on environmental
factors and EIA-644 limitations. See Appendix A.
EXSYNC
EXSYNC is a mandatory control signal that initiates line readout. The rising edge of the
EXSYNC control signal triggers line readout, so the frequency of EXSYNC equals line rate
and also determines integration time. Note that EXSYNC is rising-edge sensitive and
must toggle; restricting EXYNC to logic HIGH or logic LOW prevents line readout.
Minimum high or low time is 100 ns. Minimum frequency is 300Hz.
Note: EXSYNC must not be clocked faster than the camera’s specified line rate.
PRIN
PRIN performs asynchronous reset/electronic shuttering. It is an optional signal that can
shorten the effective exposure time by resetting the pixels (clearing accumulated charge)
on the image sensor between EXSYNC-triggered line readouts. PRIN is active during
logic LOW; exposure effectively begins on the rising edge of PRIN.
PRIN is an optional signal; if not using PRIN, connect PRIN to logic HIGH and PRINB to
logic LOW..

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2.7 Data Bus
The Piranha provides 8 bits of data in EIA-644 (LVDS) differential format at 25MHz. The
data bus also includes synchronization signals STROBE and LVAL.
Pixel Order
The example below illustrates the order in which the CT-P1 outputs pixels. (For CL-P1,
disregard OS3 and OS4) The example uses a 1024-pixel array, but the pattern is the same
for 2048 and 4096-pixel arrays.
First
Pixel
OS1
First
Pixel
OS2
IT-P1-1024 Linear Array Second
Pixel
OS4
Second
Pixel
OS3
Second
Pixel
OS2
First
Pixel
OS4
First
Pixel
OS3
Second
Pixel
OS1
135246
1024
1023
1022
1020
1021
1019
512513
STROBE
STROBE is a pixel clock signal for digital data. It is continuous, toggling even when data
is not valid. Data is valid on its rising edge when LVAL is high.
LVAL (Horizontal Synchronization)
LVAL high indicates the camera is outputting a valid line of pixels.
IMPORTANT:
This camera’s data is
valid on the rising edge
of STROBE, unlike
previous DALSA
cameras, which used the
falling edge.

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2.8 Timing
LINE READOUT PERIOD
N STROBEs
TRANSFER
PERIO D
IN T EG RAT IO N PERIO D
ABC N
100 ns MIN
Data valid on edge rising
IN T EG R ATION IN T EG RATIO N
PIXELS RESET
EXSYNC
LVA L
STROBE
PRIN
DATA
OS1-OSn
Notes
Overclocked pixels
1
1
2
2
EXSYNC to LVAL in STROBEs : 60±1
LVA L to next EX SYN C in STRO BEs, m in.: 0
2.9 Detailed Timing
hLVAL
pixel 2
Param. Description Units Min. Typ. Max.
ThLVAL LVAL hold ns 7
TsLVAL LVAL setup ns 33
ThDATA Data hold ns 15
TsDATA Data setup ns 25
IMPORTANT:
This camera’s data is
valid on the rising edge
of STROBE, unlike
previous DALSA
cameras, which used the
falling edge.

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3
Optical and Mechanical
Considerations
3.1 Mechanical Interface
The camera’s electronics are housed in an anodized aluminum case. See Figure 3 and
Figure 4.
3.2 Mounting
For maximum stability and best heat sinking, DALSA recommends mounting the camera
by its front plate. There are four M4 threaded holes and seven 4-40 UNC holes tapped
into the front plate for mounting or attaching heat sinking. Other mounting options
include M4 holes on the sides of the camera (stability increases with number of sides
used) and the tripod mount (least stable).
3.3 Environment
For best operation, the camera and cables should be shielded from environmental noise
sources. The camera should also be kept as cool as possible. Specified operating
temperature is 0-40° C. Mounting holes (see above) allow you to attach heat sinking.

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Figure 3. Mechanical Interface—512, 1024, and 2048 Resolutions
M4x0.7-6H (4x)
1.45 [36.8] TYP
M42x1-6G
3.50 [88.9]
1.965x48UN-3B
3.50 [88.9]
M4x0.7-6H (8x)
4.13 [104.8]
0.50 [12.7] (4x)
CONTROL POWER
OS3/OS4
OS1/OS2
0.93 [23.7]
1.75 [44.5] (2x)
2.57 [65.2]
0.87 [22.0] (2x)
1.74 [44.1]
2.64 [67.0]
4.35 [110.5]
THE TOP OF THE FRONT PLATE IS 0.468±0.015"
THE DISTANCE FROM THE TOP OF THE DIE TO
1.45 [36.8] TYP
This drawing applies to:
512, 1024, 2048 resolutions

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Figure 4. Mechanical Interface—4096 Resolution
M4x0.7-6H (4x)
1.45 [36.8] TYP
3.50 [88.9]
1.965x48UN-3B
3.50 [88.9]
M4x0.7-6H (8x)
4.13 [104.8]
0.50 [12.7] (4x)
CONTROL POWER
OS3/OS4
OS1/OS2
0.93 [23.7]
1.75 [44.5] (2x)
2.57 [65.2]
0.87 [22.0] (2x)
1.74 [44.1]
2.64 [67.0]
4.35 [110.5]
THE TOP OF THE FRONT PLATE IS 0.468±0.015"
THE DISTANCE FROMTHE TOP OF THE DIE TO
1.45 [36.8] TYP
This drawing applies to:
4096 resolution

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3.4 Optical Interface
Lens Mounts
The 512 and 1024-pixel Piranhas come with a mount adapter for C-mount lenses, which
have a back focal distance of 17.5 mm. The 2048 and 4096 models come with mount
adapters for F-mount (35mm Nikon-compatible) lenses, which have a back focal distance
of 46.5 mm. Ensure that the image circle diameter of the lens to be used is as great as the
diagonal of the imaging region of the image sensor.
Figure 5. Optical distances and image circles
Note that the 4096-pixel cameras use different lens mounts than the 2048-pixel cameras.
The two are not interchangeable. See Figure 6.
Figure 6. Lens Mounts: 2048 vs. 4096
Z
-axis aligner
1.965 x 48UN
1.965 x 48UN
M42
Front plate (unchanged)
Z-axis aligner
position when installed
2048 Resolution
1.47“ inner diameter
4096 Resolution
1.85“ inner diameter
Lens mount adapter

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IMPORTANT: The camera’s Z-axis alignment is optimized for the adapter provided. Do
not interchange lens adapters between cameras.
Illumination
The amount and wavelengths of light required to capture useful images depend on the
particular application. Factors include the speed, and spectral characteristics of objects
being imaged, exposure times, light source characteristics, optics, environmental and
acquisition system specifics, and more. Experimentation is often the best way to achieve
desired results.
It is often more important to consider exposure than illumination. The total amount of
energy (which is related to the total number of photons reaching the sensor) is more
important than the rate at which it arrives. For example, 5µJ/cm2can be achieved by
exposing 5mW/cm2for 1ms just the same as exposing an intensity of 5W/cm2for 1µs.
Light Sources
Keep these guidelines in mind when setting up your light source.
•Halogen light sources generally provide very little blue relative to IR.
•Fiber-optic light distribution systems generally transmit very little blue relative to IR.
•Some light sources age; over their lifespan they produce different spectra. This aging
may not be uniform—a light source may produce progressively less light in some
areas of the spectrum but not others.
Filters
CCD cameras are extremely responsive to infrared (IR) wavelengths of light. To prevent
infrared from distorting the images you scan, use a “hot mirror” or IR cutoff filter that
transmits visible wavelengths but does not transmit wavelengths over 700 µm. For
example, the Schneider Optics™ B+W 489, which includes a mounting ring, the
CORION™ LS-750, which does not include a mounting ring, or the CORION™ HR-750
series hot mirror.
3.5 Lens Modeling
Any lens surrounded by air can be modeled for camera purposes using three primary
points: the first and second principal points and the second focal point. The primary
points for a lens should be available from the lens data sheet or from the lens
manufacturer. Primed quantities denote characteristics of the image side of the lens. That
is, his the object height and h
′ is the image height.
The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to
focus. The effective focal length (f
′ )is the distance from the second principal point to the
second focal point. The back focal length (BFL) is the distance from the image side of the
lens surface to the second focal point. The object distance (OD) is the distance from the first
principal point to the object.