Danfoss CH290 User guide

www.danfoss.com
Application Guide
Scroll compressors
CH290 and CH485
R410A, 50 Hz

Contents
Introduction 5
Scroll compression principle 5
Cut away CH290 and CH485 6
Product identication 7
Name Plate 7
Nomenclature 7
Compressors serial number 8
Refrigerant and lubricants 9
General Information 9
R410A 9
Phased-out Refrigerant 9
POE oil 10
Technical specications 11
Technical specications 50 Hz 11
Sound and vibration data 12
Starting sound level 12
Running sound level 12
Stopping sound level 12
Sound generation in a refrigeration or air conditioning system 12
Operating enevlope data 14
High and low pressure protection 15
Dimensions 16
CH290 - Single version 16
CH290 - Parallel version 17
CH485 - Single version 18
CH485 - Parallel version 19
Mechanical connections 20
Connection Details 20
Design compressor mounting 20
Design piping 21
Electrical connections 24
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Contents
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 2

Wiring connections 24
Terminal box temperature 24
Motor protection module 24
IP rating 24
Three phase electrical characteristics 25
Motor protection 25
Phase sequence and reverse rotation protection 26
Voltage imbalance 27
Application 28
Manage sound and vibration 28
Manage Operating envelope 28
Operating conditions 28
Manage o cycle migration 31
Power supply and electrical protection 34
Specic application recommendations 36
Reduce moisture in the system 39
Assembly line procedure 40
Commissioning 44
Dismantle and disposal 45
Packaging 46
Single pack 46
Industrial pack 46
Ordering 47
Single usage 47
Parallel usage 47
Accessories and Spare parts 48
Solder sleeve adapter set 48
Rotolock adapter 48
Gaskets 48
Solder sleeve 48
Rotolock nut 49
Rotolock service valve set 49
Motor protection modules 49
Surface sump heaters 49
Discharge temperature protection 49
Mounting hardware 50
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Contents
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 3

Lubricant 50
Acoustic hoods 50
Terminal boxes, covers and T-block connectors 50
Miscellaneous 51
Updates 52
Online support 53
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Contents
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 4

Introduction
Scroll compression principle
In a Danfoss CH scroll compressor, the compression is performed by two scroll elements located in the upper part of
the compressor.
Suction gas enters the compressor at the suction connection. As all of the gas ows around and through the
electrical motor, thus ensuring complete motor cooling in all applications, oil droplets separate and fall into the oil
sump. After exiting the electrical motor, the gas enters the scroll elements where compression takes place.
Ultimately, the discharge gas leaves the compressor at the discharge connection.
The gure below illustrates the entire compression process. The centre of the orbiting scroll (in grey) traces a circular
path around the centre of the xed scroll (in black). This movement creates symmetrical compression pockets
between the two scroll elements. Low-pressure suction gas is trapped within each crescent-shaped pocket as it gets
formed; continuous motion of the orbiting scroll serves to seal the pocket, which decreases in volume as the pocket
moves towards the center of the scroll set increasing the gas pressure. Maximum compression is achieved once a
pocket reaches the center where the discharge port is located; this stage occurs after three complete orbits.
Compression is a continuous process: the scroll movement is suction, compression and discharge all at the same
time.
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Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Introduction

1
2
3
1
2
3
Suction
Compression
Discharge
3
2
1
CC-000045
1
2
3
Heat shield that lowers the heat transfer between
discharge and suction gas and the acoustic level
R410A optimized and dedicated scroll prole
Liquid slug protection per suction tting in upper
position
Cut away CH290 and CH485
CH range is composed of CH290 & CH485 (large commercial platform).
Figure 1: Cut away CH290 and CH485
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Introduction
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 6

M A D E I N C H I N A
Model no : CH290A4B BA
Compressor
Serial no : CK2500000001 380-4 15V 3~50Hz
LR 2 60A MAX OPER . 56A
The r mally protected system
P.E.D.
Marking
PS
TS M ax
TS M i n
Volume
Lu bricant:P.O.E. 160SZ
LP S ide HP S ide
30.2 bar
51 ° C
-35 °C
28.5 L
48.7 bar
150 °C
-35 °C
2.5 L
I
2012
Refrigerant: R410A
10000 00052
PROTECTED BY DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PATENTS
1
4
5
6
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
Model number
Serial number
Refrigerant
Supply voltage, Starting current & Maximum
operating current
Housing service pressure
Factory charged lubricant
Product identication
Name Plate
Figure 2: Name Plate
Nomenclature
Danfoss CH290 & CH485 scroll compressor for R410A are available as single compressor. The example below
presents the compressor nomenclature which equals the technical reference as shown on the compressor
nameplate. Code numbers for ordering are listed section “Ordering information and packaging”.
Family, lubricant
& refrigerant
CH: Scroll, POE lubricant, or R410A
Motor protection
A: Electronic module, 24V AC
B: Electronic module, 115/240V
Suction and discha rge connections
A: Brazed connections
B: Brazed, No oil sight glass, No oil equalization
Family,
lubricant
& refrigerant
Nominal
capacity
Approvals Voltage Version Evolution
index
Evolution ind ex
A~Z
A4CH A BB290
Motor voltage code
4: 380-415V/3~/50 Hz
UL index
Nominal capacity
in thousand Btu/h at 60 Hz, R410A,
ARI conditions
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Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Product identication

Compressors serial number
Year code 8 Digit serial number
12345678A 25B
Plant assembly line code
Month code
Table 1: Serial number code legend table
Year code
Month code
Plant assembly line code
Year
Code
Month
Code
Plant
Code
1990, 2010
A
January
A
Trévoux, France
11
1991, 2011
B
February
B
1992, 2012
C
March
C
1993, 2013
D
April
D
Wuqing ,China
25
1994, 2014
E
May
E
1995, 2015
F
June
F
1996, 2016
G
July
G
1997, 2017
H
August
H
1998, 2018
J
September
J
1999, 2019
K
October
K
2000, 2020
L
November
L
2001, 2021
M
December
M
2002, 2022
N
2003, 2023
P
2004, 2024
Q
2005, 2025
R
2006, 2026
S
2007, 2027
T
2008, 2028
U
2009, 2029
V
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Product identication
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 8

Refrigerant and lubricants
General Information
When choosing a refrigerant, dierent aspects must be taken into consideration:
• Legislation (now and in the future)
• Safety
• Application envelope in relation to expected running conditions
• Compressor capacity and eciency
• Compressor manufacturer recommendations & Guidelines
Additional points could inuence the nal choice:
• Environmental considerations
• Standardisation of refrigerants and lubricants
• Refrigerant cost
• Refrigerant availability
R410A
CH compressors are to be used with R410A refrigerant, with polyolester oil.
• R410A’s superior thermodynamical properties compared to R22 and R407C refrigerants allow for today’s massive –
and necessary – switch to high eciency systems.
• Zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP): R410A does not harm the ozone layer.
• Global warming potential (GWP): R410A shows a relatively high warming potential. However, the GWP index
denotes direct warming eect, which is relevant only in case of release to the atmosphere. A more accurate index
is T.E.W.I., for Total Equivalent Warming Impact, which takes into account indirect contributions due to running
energy costs.
• Because of the higher system eciency it allows to achieve, R410A is in this regard the best refrigerant.
• As a near-azeotropic mixture, refrigerant R410A behaves like an homogeneous substance, whereas other
zeotropic mixtures such as R407C and other blends suer a temperature glide during phase change that lessens
thermal eciency and makes them dicult to transfer from a container to another.
• Reduced refrigerant mass ow, permitted by a higher heat capacity, induce a lower sound level of the installation
as well as more compact and lighter systems.
Phased-out Refrigerant
Danfoss Commercial Compressors, along with the whole refrigeration and air conditioning industry, shares today’s
concern about the environmental issues that are ozone depletion, global warming and overall energy consumption.
Usual HCFCs refrigerant uids such as R22 are known to be implicated in these harmful phenomena, especially
ozone depletion due to their chlorinated content. These substances are scheduled to be phased-out from
production and use in coming years, in accordance with the international Montreal Protocol (1984). As a result, new
chlorine-free molecules have been recently developed and are now ready to replace former uids. Among those
refrigerants, the HFC blend R410A is admitted by a great majority of manufacturers to be the most promising in
terms of environmental impact, stability and eciency, and is already seen as the R22 replacement.
Table 2: Chemical properties
Refrigerant
R22
R407C
R410A
Chlorine content
yes
no
no
Zeotropic
pure refrigerant
zeotropic mixture
near azeotropic mixture
Composition
R22
R32/R125/R134a
R32/R125
Table 3: Environmental impact
Refrigerant
R22
R407C
R410A
ODP
0.05
0
0
GWP
1500
1526
1725
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Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Refrigerant and lubricants

Table 4: Thermodynamic properties
Refrigerant
R22
R407C
R410A
Vapour pressure (bar) at 25°C
10.4
11.9
16.5
Cooling capacity of liquid (kJ/kg.K) at 25°C
1.24
1.54
1.84
Cooling capacity of vapor (kJ/kg.K) at 1 atm, 25 °C
0.657
0.829
0.833
Temperature glide (°C)
0
7.4
<0.2
POE oil
Polyolester oil (POE) is miscible with HFC's (while mineral oil is not), but has to be evaluated regarding lubrication
ability in compressors. POE oil has better thermal stability than refrigerant mineral oil.
POE is more hygroscopic and also holds moisture more tight than mineral oil. It also chemically reacts with water
leading to acid and alcohol formation.
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Refrigerant and lubricants
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 10

Technical specications
Technical specications 50 Hz
Table 5: Technical specications data 50 Hz
Model
Nominal
tons 60 Hz
Nominal cooling capacity
Power input
COP
E.E.R.
Swept vol‐
ume
Displace‐
ment (1)
Oil charge
Net weight
(2)
TR
W
Btu/h
kW
W/W
Btu/h/W
cm3/rev
m3/h
dm3
kg
CH290
25
73200
249800
22.50
3.25
11.10
276.2
48.10
6.7
111.0
CH485
40
117543
401068
35.58
3.30
11.27
442.60
77.0
6.7
175.0
(1) Displacement at nominal speed: 2900rpm at 50 Hz
(2) Net weight with oil charge
(1) Displacement at nominal speed: 2900rpm at 50 Hz
(2) Net weight with oil charge
NOTE:
TR: Ton of Refrigeration,
COP: Coecient Of Performance
EER: Energy Eciency Ratio
Standard rating conditions : ARI, Standard Refrigerant: R410A
Evaporating temperature: 7.2°C (45°F), Condensing temperature: 54.4°C (130°F), Superheat: 11.1K (20°F), Subcooling:
8.3K (15°F)
Subject to modication without prior notication.
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 11
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Technical specications

Sound and vibration data
Starting sound level
During start-up transients it is natural for the compressor sound level to be slightly higher than during normal
running. The CH scroll compressors exhibit very little increased start-up transient sound. If a compressor is miswired,
the compressor will run in reverse. Reverse compressor rotation is characterized by an objectionable sound. To
correct reverse rotation, disconnect power and switch any two of the three power leads at the unit contactor. Never
switch leads at the compressor terminals.
Running sound level
Compressor acoustic hoods have been developed to meet specic extra-low noise requirements. The covers and
bottom insulations incorporate sound proong materials and oer excellent high and low frequency attenuation.
Table 6:
Model
50 Hz
Acoustic hood code number
Bottom hood code number (1)
Sound power dB(A)
Attenuation dBA (2)
CH290
82
6
120Z0022
120Z0353
CH485
89
4
120Z0022
120Z0353
(1) Bottom hood is provided in surface sump heater accessories. Additional attenuation is 2 to 4 dBA. Materials are UL approved and RoHS
compliant.
(2) Attenuation given with acoustic hood only
(1) Bottom hood is provided in surface sump heater accessories. Additional attenuation is 2 to 4 dBA. Materials are UL approved and RoHS
compliant.
(2) Attenuation given with acoustic hood only
NOTE:
Sound power and attenuation are given at ARI conditions, measured in free space
Stopping sound level
CH compressors are equipped with a discharge valve which closes at compressor shut down and thus prevents the
compressor from running backwards. This reduces the stopping sound to a metallic click caused by the closing
valve. When the pressure dierence or gas ow at shut down should be very low, this can delay the discharge valve
from closing and lead to a longer noise duration.
Sound generation in a refrigeration or air conditioning system
Typical sound and vibration in refrigeration and air conditioning systems encountered by design and service
engineers may be broken down into the following three source categories.
Sound radiation: this generally takes an airborne path.
Mechanical vibrations: these generally extend along the parts of the unit and structure.
Gas pulsation: this tends to travel through the cooling medium, i.e. the refrigerant.
The following sections focus on the causes and methods of mitigation for each of the above sources.
Compressor sound radiation
For sound radiating from the compressor, the emission path is airborne and the sound waves are travelling directly
from the machine in all directions.
The CH scroll compressors are designed to be quiet and the frequency of the sound generated is pushed into the
higher ranges, which not only are easier to reduce but also do not generate the penetrating power of lower
frequency sound.
Use of sound-insulation materials on the inside of unit panels is an eective means of substantially reducing the
sound being transmitted to the outside. Ensure that no components capable of transmitting sound/vibration within
the unit come into direct contact with any non-insulated parts on the walls of the unit.
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Sound and vibration data
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Because of the unique Danfoss design of a full-suction gas-cooled motor, compressor body insulation across its
entire operating range is possible. Acoustic hoods are available from Danfoss as accessories. They have been
developed to meet specic extra low noise requirements. They incorporate sound proong materials and oer
excellent high and low frequency alternative.
These hoods are quick and easy to install and do not increase the overall size of the compressors to a great extend.
Refer to section Running sound level for sound attenuation and code numbers.
Mechanical vibrations
Vibration isolation constitutes the primary method for controlling structural vibration. Danfoss CH scroll
compressors are designed to produce minimal vibration during operations. Once the supplied rubber grommets
have been properly mounted, vibrations transmitted from the compressor base plate to the unit are held to a strict
minimum. In addition, it is extremely important that the frame supporting the mounted compressor be of sucient
mass and stiness to help dampen any residual vibration potentially transmitted to the. For further information on
mounting requirements, please refer to the section on mounting assembly.
NOTE:
For parallel assemblies see specic recommendations in Danfoss parallel application guidelines (Rigid mounting).
The tubing should be designed so as to both reduce the transmission of vibrations to other structures and
withstand vibration without incurring any damage. Tubing should also be designed for three-dimensional exibility.
For more information on piping design, please see the section entitled “Essential piping design considerations”.
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 13
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Sound and vibration data

Operating enevlope data
The operating envelopes for CH scroll compressors is given in the gure below, where the condensing and
evaporating temperatures represent the range for steady-state operation. Under transient conditions, such as start-
up and defrost, the compressor may operate outside this envelope for short periods. The operating limits serve to
dene the envelope within which reliable operations of the compressor are guaranteed:
• Maximum discharge gas temperature: +135°C,
• Due to the risk of liquid ood back the minimum suction superheat allowed is 5 K
• Maximum superheat of 30 K,
• Minimum and maximum evaporating and condensing temperatures as per the operating envelopes.
Figure 3: Application envelope for CH290
Condensing temperature (°C)
Evaporating temperature (°C)
Evaporating temperature (°F)
Condensing temperature (°F)
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-40 -31 -22 -13 -4 5 14 23 32 41 50 59 68 77 86
S.H. = 10 K (18°F)
CC-000047
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
50
59
68
77
86
95
104
113
122
131
140
149
158
167
S.H. = 5 K (9°F)
37.8
26.7
-23.3 1.7 4.4 12.8-26.1
Figure 4: Application envelope for CH485
Condensing temperature (°C)
Evaporating temperature (°C)
Evaporating temperature (°F)
Condensing temperature (°F)
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-40 -31 -22 -13 -4 5 14 23 32 41 50 59 68 77 86
S.H. = 30 K (54°F)
CC-000046
68.3
41.7
62
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
50
59
68
77
86
95
104
113
122
131
140
149
158
167
S.H. = 5 K (9°F)
S.H. = 10 K (18°F)
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Operating enevlope data
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 14

High and low pressure protection
High pressure
A high-pressure (HP) safety switch is required to shut down the compressor should the discharge pressure exceed
the values shown in the table section “System pressure test”. The high-pressure switch can be set to lower values
depending on the application and ambient conditions. The HP switch must either be placed in a lockout circuit or
consist of a manual reset device to prevent cycling around the high-pressure limit. If a discharge valve is used, the
HP switch must be connected to the service valve gauge port, which must not be isolated.
Low pressure
A low-pressure (LP) safety switch must be used. Deep vacuum operations of a scroll compressor can cause internal
electrical arcing and scroll instability. Danfoss CH Scroll compressors exhibit high volumetric eciency and may
draw very low vacuum levels, which could induce such a problem. The minimum low-pressure safety switch (loss-of-
charge safety switch) setting is given in the following table. For systems without pump-down, the LP safety switch
must either be a manual lockout device or an automatic switch wired into an electrical lockout circuit. The LP switch
tolerance must not allow for vacuum operations of the compressor. LP switch settings for pump-down cycles with
automatic reset are also listed in the table below.
Table 7: Pressure settings
Pressure settings
R410A
Working pressure range high side bar (g)
16.2 - 41.6
Working pressure range low side bar (g)
2.15 - 10.7
Maximum high pressure safety switch setting bar (g)
46.1
Minimum low pressure safety switch setting (1) bar (g)
1.5
Minimum low pressure pump-down switch setting (2) bar (g)
2.15
(1) LP safety switch shall never be bypassed and shall have no time delay.
(2) Recommended pump-down switch settings: 1.5 bar below nominal evap. pressure with minimum of 2.15 bar(g)
(1) LP safety switch shall never be bypassed and shall have no time delay.
(2) Recommended pump-down switch settings: 1.5 bar below nominal evap. pressure with minimum of 2.15 bar(g)
NOTE:
Note that these two dierent low pressure switches also require dierent settings. The low pressure pump down
switch setting must always be within the operating envelope, for example 2.15 bar for R410A. The compressor can
be operated full time under such condition. The minimum low pressure safety switch setting may be outside the
normal operating envelope and should only be reached in exceptional (emergency) situations, for example 1.5 bar
for R410A.
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 15
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Operating enevlope data

D
S
Dimensions
CH290 - Single version
Figure 5: CH290 - Single version
Ø 265.9
Ø 257.4
618
653
301.5
Ø 318
187
214
531.5 ± 1.2
345.4
279.4
195
304.8
370.8
212 109
428
Ø 19
D: 1"1/8
S: 1"5/8
170
60°
CC-000050
Discharge
Suction
for details about Flexible rubber grommet refer to Figure 13: Rubber grommets
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Dimensions
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 16

D
S
CH290 - Parallel version
Figure 6: CH290 - Parallel version
D: 1"1/8
S: 1"5/8
653
618
Ø265.9
Ø257.4
Ø317.5
187
301.5
214
76.6 92.5
531.5
345.4
195
170
304.8
370.8
353
212
109
183
60°
60°
428
279.4 Ø19
CC-000051
NOTE:
All dimensions are in mm
Discharge
Suction
for details about Rigid spacer refer to Figure 11: Rigid spacers
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 17
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Dimensions

D
S
CH485 - Single version
Figure 7: CH485 - Single version
60º
372 212
428
370.8
304.8
279.4
345.4
218.6
195
D: 1”3/8
S: 1”5/8
Ø 333.2
Ø 318.1
725.8
667
215
302
187
Ø19
CC-000053
NOTE:
All dimensions in mm
Discharge
Suction
for details about Flexible rubber grommet refer to Figure 13: Rubber grommets
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Dimensions
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 18

D
S
CH485 - Parallel version
Figure 8: CH485 - Parallel version
725.8
667
187
301.5
214
Ø333.2
Ø318.1
S: 1"5/8
D: 1"3/8
524.8
Ø19
76.6
345.4
279.4
218.6
212
356
195
109
183 60°
60°
428
304.8
370.8
92.5
CC-000054
NOTE:
All dimensions in mm
Discharge
Suction
for details about Rigid spacer refer to Figure 11: Rigid spacers
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 19
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Dimensions

Figure 10: Manifoldable compressor with rigid spacers
1
CC-0050
Figure 11: Rigid spacers
2
3
6
4
5
6
27.5 mm
(1.16 inch)
CC-0481
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mechanical connections
Connection Details
Figure 9: Brazed version
Table 8: Suction and Discharge connections
Model
Suction / Discharge
Brazed - Tube ODF
CH290
Suction
1"5/8
CH290
Discharge
1"1/8
CH485
Suction
1"5/8
CH485
Discharge
1"3/8
Design compressor mounting
Compressors CH290 and 485 dedicated for parallel (versions AA and AB) mounting come delivered with rigid
mounting spacers for parallel mounting.
CH290 and CH485 used in single applications, are delivered with exible grommets. The grommets must be
compressed until contact between the at washer and the steel mounting sleeve is established. The grommets
attenuate to a great extent the transmission of compressor vibrations to the base frame.
The required bolt size for the CH290 and 485 compressors is HM8-55. This bolt must be tightened to a torque of 21
Nm.
Rigid spacers
HM 8 bolt
Lock washer
Flat washer
Rigid spacers
Nut
Scroll compressors, CH290 and CH485 | Mechanical connections
© Danfoss | Climate Solutions | 2022.09 AB236986442743en-000501 | 20