Digi XBee 868LP User manual

XBee 868LP RF Modules
User Guide

Revision history—90002126
Revision Date Description
K March,
2015
Replaced the warranty section. Removed a duplicate description of the HP
command. Removed the DC and TA commands. Corrected other parameters.
Corrected the formula provided for transmitting a broadcast. Added transmit
options to the Explicit Addressing Command Frame. Created a
troubleshooting section. Added effective isotropic radiated power (e.i.r.p.)
notes.
M July,
2015
Corrected the P3 and P4 AT command parameters. Corrected the
indoor/urban range and outdoor/line-of-sight range parameters.
N February,
2016
Added the I/O Data Sample RX Indicator (0x92) frame to the API section.
Corrected references to REC 70-03. Removed “865” from the guide.
P July 2016 Updated pushbutton drawing and ISO spec number.
R October
2016
Converted to the new MadCap Flare format with minor updates and added
the information from the XBee 868LP Getting Started Guide (90002127).
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United
States and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the
property of their respective owners.
© 2017 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual
or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Warranty
To view product warranty information, go to the following website:
www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 2

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XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 3

Contents
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide
XBee S8 hardware description 12
European acceptance 12
Technical specifications
XBee 868LP RF Module Performance specifications 14
LBT+AFA performance 14
XBee 868LP RF Module Power requirements 15
General specifications 15
XBee 868LP RF Module Networking and security 16
Regulatory approvals 16
XBee 868LP RF Module Serial communications specifications 17
UART serial connections 17
SPI serial connections 18
GPIO specifications 18
Hardware specifications for the programmable variant 18
Mechanical drawings 19
Pin signals 19
Design notes 22
Power supply design 22
Board layout 22
Antenna performance 22
Recommended pin connections 23
Design notes for PCB antenna devices 23
Design notes for SMT RF pad devices 24
Module operation for the programmable variant 27
Programmable XBee SDK 28
Getting Started
Set up your XBee modules 30
Before you begin 30
Step 1: Assemble the hardware 31
Step 2: Download and install XCTU 32
Step 3: Set up your first wireless connection 34
Step 4: Create a mesh network 39
Step 5: Use API mode to talk to XBee modules 43
Do more with your XBee modules 47
Update the firmware 47
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 4

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 5
Configure remote devices 48
Set up and perform a range test 49
Configure basic synchronous sleep support 53
Set up basic encryption for an XBee network 58
Learn more about XBee module features 59
Unicast versus broadcast transmissions 59
Analog inputs and digital inputs and outputs 60
Sleep modes 60
Transparent and API operating modes 60
Troubleshooting 61
Cannot install device driver 61
Use LEDs to identify XBee modules 61
No remote devices to select for a range test 62
Port in use 62
XCTU can't discover devices 63
XCTUcan't discover remote devices 64
XCTUcannot discover remote devices for a range test 64
XCTU installation error 64
Operation
Operation 67
Listen Before Talk and Automatic Frequency Agility 67
Single frequency mode band mode 68
Serial communications 68
UART data flow 68
SPI communications 69
SPI operation 70
Configuration considerations 72
Serial port selection 72
Data format 72
SPI parameters 73
Serial buffers 73
Serial receive buffer 73
Serial transmit buffer 73
UART flow control 73
CTS flow control 74
RTS flow control 74
Serial interface protocols 74
Transparent operating mode 74
API operating mode 74
Comparing Transparent and API modes 75
Modes of operation 77
Transmit mode 78
Receive mode 78
Command mode 78
Sleep modes 80
Force UART operation 80
Advanced application features
Remote configuration commands 82
Send a remote command 82
Apply changes on remote devices 82

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 6
Remote command responses 82
Network commissioning and diagnostics 82
Configure devices 82
Network link establishment and maintenance 83
Place devices 84
Device discovery 85
Link reliability 85
Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED 88
I/O line monitoring 91
I/O samples 91
Queried sampling 91
Periodic I/O sampling 94
Detect digital I/O changes 94
General Purpose Flash Memory 94
Access General Purpose Flash Memory 95
General Purpose Flash Memory commands 96
Work with flash memory 101
Over-the-air firmware updates 102
Distribute the new application 102
Verify the new application 103
Install the application 103
Networking methods
Directed Broadcast/Repeater mode 105
Point to Point/Multipoint mode 105
Permanent (dedicated) 105
Switched 105
DigiMesh networking 105
DigiMesh feature set 106
Networking concepts 107
Device Configuration 107
Network ID 107
Data transmission and routing 107
Unicast addressing 107
Broadcast addressing 107
Routing 108
Route discovery 108
DigiMesh throughput 108
Transmission timeouts 109
Sleep modes
About sleep modes 112
Asynchronous modes 112
Synchronous modes 112
Normal mode 112
Asynchronous pin sleep mode 113
Asynchronous cyclic sleep mode 113
Asynchronous cyclic sleep with pin wake up mode 113
Synchronous sleep support mode 113
Synchronous cyclic sleep mode 113
Wake timer 114
Indirect messaging and polling 114

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 7
Indirect messaging 114
Polling 114
Sleeping routers 115
Sleep coordinator sleep modes in the DigiMesh network 115
Synchronization messages 115
Become a sleep coordinator 118
Select sleep parameters 120
Start a sleeping synchronous network 120
Add a new node to an existing network 121
Change sleep parameters 122
Rejoin nodes that lose sync 122
Diagnostics 123
AT commands
Special commands 126
AC (Apply Changes) 126
FR (Software Reset) 126
RE (Restore Defaults) 126
WR (Write) 126
MAC/PHY commands 127
CM (Channel Mask) 127
HP (Preamble ID) 127
ID (Network ID) 127
MT(Broadcast Multi-Transmits) 128
PL (TX Power Level) 128
RR (Unicast Mac Retries) 128
ED (Energy Detect) 129
Diagnostic commands 129
BC (Bytes Transmitted) 129
DB (Last Packet RSSI) 129
ER (Received Error Count) 130
GD (Good Packets Received) 130
EA (MAC ACK Timeouts) 130
TR (Transmission Errors) 130
UA (MAC Unicast Transmission Count) 131
%H (MAC Unicast One Hop Time) 131
%8 (MAC Broadcast One Hop Time) 131
Network commands 131
CE (Node Messaging Options) 131
BH (Broadcast Hops) 132
NH (Network Hops) 132
NN (Network Delay Slots) 132
MR (Mesh Unicast Retries) 133
Addressing commands 133
SH (Serial Number High) 133
SL (Serial Number Low) 133
DH (Destination Address High) 133
DL (Destination Address Low) 134
TO (Transmit Options) 134
NI (Node Identifier) 135
NT (Node Discover Timeout) 135
NO (Node Discovery Options) 135
CI (Cluster ID) 136
DE (Destination Endpoint) 136

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 8
SE (Source Endpoint) 136
Addressing discovery/configuration commands 137
AG (Aggregator Support) 137
DN (Discover Node) 137
ND (Network Discover) 137
FN (Find Neighbors) 138
Diagnostic - addressing commands 138
N? (Network Discovery Timeout) 139
Security commands 139
EE (Security Enable) 139
KY (AES Encryption Key) 139
Serial interfacing commands 140
BD (Baud Rate) 140
NB (Parity) 140
SB (Stop Bits) 141
RO (Packetization Timeout) 141
FT (Flow Control Threshold) 141
AP (API Mode) 141
AO (API Options) 142
I/O settings commands 142
CB (Commissioning Pushbutton) 142
D0 (AD0/DIO0 Configuration) 143
D1 (DIO1/AD1) 143
D2 (DIO2/AD2) 143
D3 (DIO3/AD3) 144
D4 (DIO4/AD4) 144
D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) 145
D6 (DIO6/RTS) 145
D7 (DIO7/CTS) 145
D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST) 146
D9 (DIO9/ON_SLEEP) 146
P0 (DIO10/RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) 147
P1 (DIO11/PWM1 Configuration) 147
P2 (DIO12 Configuration) 147
P3 (DIO13/DOUT) 148
P4 (DIO14/DIN) 148
P5 (SPI_MISO) 148
P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration) 149
P7 (DIO17/SPI_SSEL ) 149
P8 (DIO18/SPI_SCLK) 150
P9 (SPI_ATTN) 150
PD (Pull Up/Down Direction) 150
PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) 151
M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle) 152
M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle) 152
LT (Associate LED Blink Time) 153
RP(RSSI PWM Timer) 153
I/O sampling commands 153
AV (Analog Voltage Reference) 153
IC (DIO Change Detection) 153
IF (Sleep Sample Rate) 154
IR (I/O Sample Rate) 154
TP (Temperature) 155
IS (Force Sample) 155
%V (Voltage Supply Monitoring) 155

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 9
Sleep commands 155
SM (Sleep Mode) 155
SO (Sleep Options) 156
SN (Number of Cycles Between ON_SLEEP ) 157
SP (Sleep Period) 157
ST (Wake Time) 157
WH (Wake Host) 158
Diagnostic - sleep status/timing commands 158
SS (Sleep Status) 158
OS (Operating Sleep Time) 159
OW (Operating Wake Time) 159
MS (Missed Sync Messages) 159
SQ (Missed Sleep Sync Count) 159
Command mode options 159
CC (Command Sequence Character) 160
CT (Command Mode Timeout) 160
CN (Exit Command mode) 160
GT (Guard Times) 160
Firmware commands 160
VL (Version Long) 161
VR (Firmware Version) 161
HV (Hardware Version) 161
HS (Hardware Series) 161
DD (Device Type Identifier) 161
NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) 162
CK (Configuration CRC) 162
Operate in API mode
API mode overview 164
API frame format 164
Data bytes that need to be escaped: 165
Calculate and verify checksums 166
API UART exchanges 166
Support the API 167
Frame data 168
AT Command Frame - 0x08 169
AT Command - Queue Parameter Value frame - 0x09 170
Transmit Request frame - 0x10 171
Explicit Addressing Command frame - 0x11 174
Remote AT Command Request frame - 0x17 177
AT Command Response frame - 0x88 179
Modem Status frame - 0x8A 181
Transmit Status frame - 0x8B 182
Route Information Packet frame - 0x8D 184
Aggregate Addressing Update frame - 0x8E 187
Receive Packet frame - 0x90 189
Explicit Rx Indicator frame - 0x91 191
Data Sample Rx Indicator frame - 0x92 193
Node Identification Indicator frame - 0x95 195
Remote Command Response frame - 0x97 198

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 10
Certifications
Europe 201
OEM labeling requirements 201
Declarations of conformity 201
Antennas 201
Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices
Pin mapping 203
Mounting 204
Manufacturing information
Recommended solder reflow cycle 207
Recommended footprint 207
Flux and cleaning 209
Reworking 209

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide
The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules provide wireless connectivity to end-point devices in mesh networks.
With the XBee, users can have their network up-and-running in a matter of minutes without
configuration or additional development. The Digi XBee 868LP RF Module consists of firmware loaded
onto Digi XBee S8 hardware.
You can build networks up to 128 nodes using the XBee modules. For larger networks up to 1000+
nodes, Digi offers RF Optimization Services to assist with proper network configuration. Contact Digi
Technical Support for more details.
Note The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules are not compatible with other XBee products.
XBee S8 hardware description 12
European acceptance 12
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 11

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide XBee S8 hardware description
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 12
XBee S8 hardware description
The XBee S8 radio module hardware consists of an Energy Micro EFM®32G230F128 microcontroller, an
Analog Devices ADF7023 radio transceiver, and in the Programmable version, a NXP MC9S08QE32
microcontroller.
European acceptance
The Digi XBee 868LP is manufactured under ISO 900:2015 registered standards.
The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules are optimized for use in Europe and other regions. For more
information, see Certifications.

Technical specifications
XBee 868LP RF Module Performance specifications 14
XBee 868LP RF Module Power requirements 15
General specifications 15
XBee 868LP RF Module Networking and security 16
Regulatory approvals 16
XBee 868LP RF Module Serial communications specifications 17
GPIO specifications 18
Hardware specifications for the programmable variant 18
Mechanical drawings 19
Pin signals 19
Design notes 22
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 13

Technical specifications XBee 868LP RF Module Performance specifications
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 14
XBee 868LP RF Module Performance specifications
This table describes the performance specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee
Indoor/urban range Up to 370 ft (112 m) with a 2.1 dBi antenna, up to 46 ft (14 m) with a PCB
embedded antenna.
Outdoor RF line-of-
sight range
Up to 5.2 miles (8.4 km) with a 2.1 dBi antenna, up to 0.4 miles (.64 km) with a
PCB embedded antenna.
Transmit power
output
Up to 14 dBm (25 mW) e.i.r.p. with 2.1 dBi antenna
RF data rate (high) 80 kb/s
RF data rate (low) 10 kb/s
UART interface Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) serial universal
asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), baud rate stability of <1%.
UART data rate
(software
selectable)
9600-230400 baud
SPI clock rate Up to 3.5 MHz
Receiver sensitivity
(typical)
-101 dBm @ 80 kb/s, -106 dBm @ 10 kb/s.
Receiver blocking
(typical) 10kb/s 80kb/s
+/- 400 kHz 40 dB 35 dB
+/- 200 kHz 35 dB 29 dB
Note To determine your indoor/urban range or outdoor RF line-of-sight range, perform a range test
under your operating conditions.
LBT+AFA performance
Specification XBee 868LP
Channel spacing 100 kHz
Receiver bandwidth 150 kHz
Modulation bandwidth < 300 kHz
LBT threshold < -88 dBm
TX on time < 1 second

Technical specifications XBee 868LP RF Module Power requirements
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 15
XBee 868LP RF Module Power requirements
The following table describes the power requirements for the devices.
Specification XBee
Supply voltage (VDD) 2.7 to 3.6 VDC
Transmit current, high data rate 48 mA, (45 mA typical)
Transmit current, low data rate 47 mA (41 mA typical)
Idle / receive current (high data rate) 27 mA (22 mA typical)
Idle / receive current (low data rate) 26 mA (24 mA typical)
Sleep current 1.7 µA
General specifications
The following table describes the general specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee
Operating frequency
band
863 to 870 MHz for Europe
Dimensions 2.119 x 3.4 x 0.305 cm (0.866 x 1.333 x 1.2 in)
Weight 40 g (1.4 oz)
Operatingtemperature -40 ºC to 85 ºC (industrial)
Antenna options U.FL RF connector, RF pad, embedded PCB antenna.
Note The embedded PCB antenna is only approved with 10 kb/s data rate,
not 80 kb/s data rate.
Digital I/O 13 I/O lines, five dedicated to Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) that can be
used as digital outputs.
ADC 4 10-bit analog inputs

Technical specifications XBee 868LP RF Module Networking and security
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 16
XBee 868LP RF Module Networking and security
The following table describes the networking and security specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee
Supported network topologies Mesh, repeater, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, peer-
to-peer.
Number of channels, user selectable
channels
30 channels, LBT + AFA
Addressing options Personal Area Network identifier (PAN ID) and 64-bit
addresses.
Encryption 128 bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Note For more information about the number of user selectable channels, see Restrictions for
countries in the European Community.
Regulatory approvals
This table describes the agency approvals for the devices.
Specification XBee
Europe (CE) CE Marking
For more information on countries in the European Community, see Restrictions.
The following table shows channel frequencies.
Channel number Frequency
0 863.15 MHz
1 863.35 MHz
2 863.55 MHz
3 863.75 MHz
4 863.95 MHz
5 864.15 MHz
6 864.35 MHz
7 864.55 MHz
8 864.75 MHz
9 864.95 MHz

Technical specifications XBee 868LP RF Module Serial communications specifications
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 17
Channel number Frequency
10 865.15 MHz
11 865.35 MHz
12 865.55 MHz
13 865.75 MHz
14 865.95 MHz
15 866.15 MHz
16 866.35 MHz
17 866.55 MHz
18 866.75 MHz
19 866.95 MHz
20 867.15 MHz
21 867.35 MHz
22 867.55 MHz
23 867.75 MHz
24 867.95 MHz
25 868.15 MHz
26 868.35 MHz
27 868.85 MHz
28 869.05 MHz
29 869.85 MHz
XBee 868LP RF Module Serial communications specifications
The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules support both Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART)
and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) serial connections.
UART serial connections
UART Pins Module Pin Number
DOUT 3
DIN / CONFIG 4
CTS / DIO7 25
RTS / DIO6 29

Technical specifications GPIO specifications
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 18
For more information on UART operation, see UART data flow.
SPI serial connections
SPI Pins Module Pin Number
SPI_SCLK / DIO18 (input) 14
SPI_SSEL / DIO17 (input) 15
SPI_MOSI / DIO16 (input) 16
SPI_MISO / DIO15 (output/tri-stated) 17
SPI_ATTN (output) 12
For more information on SPI operation, see SPI communications.
GPIO specifications
The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules have General Purpose Input / Output (GPIO) ports available. The
exact list depends on the module configuration, as some GPIO pads are used for purposes such as
serial communication.
You can set the pin configuration by using D0-D9, P0-P9, and I/O line monitoring. You cannot sample
pins P5-P9, but you may use them as outputs. For more information on these commands, see AT
commands. For more information on configuring and using GPIO ports, see Pin signals.
The following table provides the electrical specifications for the GPIO pads.
GPIO electrical specification Value
Low Schmitt switching threshold 0.3 x VDD
High Schmitt switching threshold 0.7 x VDD
Input pull-up resistor value 40 kΩ
Input pull-down resistor value 40 kΩ
Output voltage for logic 0 0.05 x VDD
Output voltage for logic 1 0.95 x VDD
Output source current 6 mA
Output sink current 6 mA
Total output current (for GPIO pads) 48 mA
Hardware specifications for the programmable variant
If the module includes the programmable secondary processor, add the following table values to the
specifications listed in Pin signals,SPI serial connections, and GPIO specifications. For example, if the
secondary processor is running at 20 MHz and the primary processor is in receive mode, then the new

Technical specifications Mechanical drawings
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 19
current value will be Itotal = Ir2 + Irx = 14 mA + 9 mA = 23 mA, where Ir2 is the runtime current of the
secondary processor and Irx is the receive current of the primary.
The following table provides the specifications of the programmable secondary processor.
Optional secondary processor
specification
Add to RX, TX, and sleep currents specifications depending
on mode of operation
Runtime current for 32 k running
at 20 MHz
+14 mA
Runtime current for 32 k running
at 1 MHz
+1 mA
Sleep current +0.5 µA typical
VREF Range 1.8 VDC to VDD
Microcontroller NXP Flexis 8-bit S08 microcontroller NXP S08QE Family
Part number: MC9S08QE32
Mechanical drawings
The following mechanical drawings of the XBee 868LP RF Modules show all dimensions in inches.
Antenna options are not shown.
Pin signals
The following table describes the pin assignments for the devices. A horizontal line above the signal
name indicates low-asserted signals.

Technical specifications Pin signals
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 20
Pin# Name Direction
Default
state Description
1 GND - - Ground
2 VDD - - Power supply
3 DIO13 / DOUT Both Output GPIO/UART Data Out
4 DIO14 / DIN / CONFIG Both Input GPIO/UART Data In
5 DIO12 Both GPIO
6 RESET Input Module Reset. Drive low to
reset the module. This is also
an output with an open drain
configuration with an internal
20 kW pull-up (never drive to
logic high, as the module may
be driving it low). The minimum
pulse width is 1 mS.
7 DIO10 / RSSI PWM0 Both Output GPIO/RX Signal Strength
Indicator
8 DIO11 / PWM1 Both Disabled GPIO/Pulse Width Modulator
9 [reserved] - Disabled Do not connect
10 DIO8 / SLEEP_REQUEST Both Input GPIO/Pin Sleep Control Line
(DTR on the dev board)
11 GND - - Ground
12 DIO19 / SPI_ATTN Output Output
Serial Peripheral Interface
Attention or UART Data
Present indicator
13 GND - - Ground
14 DIO18 / SPI_CLK Input Input GPIO/Serial Peripheral
Interface Clock/
15 DIO17 / SPI_SSEL/ Input Input GPIO/Serial Peripheral
Interface not Select
16 DIO16 / SPI_MOSI Input Input GPIO/Serial Peripheral
Interface Data In
17 DIO15 / SPI_MISO/ Output Output GPIO/Serial Peripheral
Interface Data Out
Tri-stated when SPI_SSEL is
high
18 [reserved]* - Disabled Do not connect