Digi XBee 868LP User manual

XBee® 868LP
Radio Frequency (RF) Modules
User Guide

Revision history—90002126
Revision Date Description
P July 2016 Updated pushbutton drawing and ISO spec number.
R October2016 Converted to the new MadCap Flare format with minor updates and
added the information from the XBee 868LP Getting Started Guide
(90002127).
S June 2017 Modified regulatory and certification information as required by RED
(Radio Equipment Directive).
T May 2018 Added note on range estimation.
U March 2019 Added a receiver category to Performance specifications.
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United
States and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the
property of their respective owners.
© 2018 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual
or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Warranty
To view product warranty information, go to the following website:
www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
Customer support
Gather support information: Before contacting Digi technical support for help, gather the following
information:
Product name and model
Product serial number (s)
Firmware version
Operating system/browser (if applicable)
Logs (from time of reported issue)
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 2

Trace (if possible)
Description of issue
Steps to reproduce
Contact Digi technical support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages.
Contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.
Feedback
To provide feedback on this document, email your comments to
[e-mail]
Include the document title and part number (XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide, 90002126 S) in the
subject line of your email.
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 3

Contents
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide
XBee S8 hardware description 12
European acceptance 12
Technical specifications
Performance specifications 14
LBT and AFA specifications 14
Power requirements 15
General specifications 15
Networking and security 16
Regulatory conformity summary 16
Serial communication specifications 16
UART pin assignments 16
SPI pin assignments 17
GPIO specifications 17
Hardware specifications for the programmable variant 17
Hardware
Mechanical drawings 20
Pin signals 20
Design notes 22
Power supply design 22
Board layout 23
Antenna performance 23
Recommended pin connections 23
Design notes for PCB antenna devices 24
Design notes for RF pad devices 25
Module operation for the programmable variant 28
Programmable XBee SDK 29
Get started
Set up the devices 31
Before you begin 31
Connect the hardware 32
Step 1: Download and install XCTU 33
Step 2: Set up your first wireless connection 35
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 4

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 5
Step 3: Create a mesh network 39
Step 4: Use API mode to talk to XBee modules 43
Do more with your XBee modules 47
Update the firmware 47
Configure remote devices 48
Set up and perform a range test 49
Configure basic synchronous sleep support 52
Set up basic encryption for an XBee network 57
Learn more about XBee module features 58
Unicast versus broadcast transmissions 58
Analog inputs and digital inputs and outputs 58
Sleep modes 59
Transparent and API operating modes 59
Troubleshooting 59
Cannot install device driver 59
Use LEDs to identify XBee modules 60
No remote devices to select for a range test 60
Port in use 61
XCTU cannot discover devices 61
XCTUcannot discover remote devices 62
XCTUcannot discover remote devices for a range test 62
XCTU installation error 63
Configure the XBee 868LP RF Module
Software libraries 66
XBee Network Assistant 66
Operation
Operation 68
Listen Before Talk and Automatic Frequency Agility 68
Single frequency mode band mode 69
Serial communications 69
UART data flow 69
SPI communications 70
SPI operation 71
Configuration considerations 73
Serial port selection 73
Data format 73
SPI parameters 74
Serial buffers 74
Serial receive buffer 74
Serial transmit buffer 74
UART flow control 74
CTS flow control 75
RTS flow control 75
Force UART operation 75
Condition 75
Solution 75
Serial interface protocols 75
Transparent operating mode 76
API operating mode 76
Comparing Transparent and API modes 76

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 6
Modes
Transmit mode 79
Receive mode 79
Command mode 79
Enter Command mode 80
Troubleshooting 80
Send AT commands 80
Response to AT commands 81
Apply command changes 81
Make command changes permanent 81
Exit Command mode 81
Sleep mode 82
Sleep modes
About sleep modes 84
Asynchronous modes 84
Synchronous modes 84
Normal mode 84
Asynchronous pin sleep mode 84
Asynchronous cyclic sleep mode 85
Asynchronous cyclic sleep with pin wake up mode 85
Synchronous sleep support mode 85
Synchronous cyclic sleep mode 85
Wake timer 86
Indirect messaging and polling 86
Indirect messaging 86
Polling 86
Sleeping routers 87
Sleep coordinator sleep modes in the DigiMesh network 87
Synchronization messages 87
Become a sleep coordinator 90
Select sleep parameters 92
Start a sleeping synchronous network 92
Add a new node to an existing network 93
Change sleep parameters 94
Rejoin nodes that lose sync 94
Diagnostics 95
Advanced application features
Remote configuration commands 98
Send a remote command 98
Apply changes on remote devices 98
Remote command responses 98
Network commissioning and diagnostics 98
Configure devices 98
Network link establishment and maintenance 99
Place devices 100
Device discovery 101
Link reliability 101
Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED 104
I/O line monitoring 107

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 7
I/O samples 107
Queried sampling 107
Periodic I/O sampling 109
Detect digital I/O changes 110
General Purpose Flash Memory 110
Access General Purpose Flash Memory 110
Work with flash memory 111
General Purpose Flash Memory commands 112
PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST (0x00) 112
PLATFORM_INFO (0x80) 112
ERASE (0x01) 113
ERASE_RESPONSE (0x81) 113
WRITE (0x02) and ERASE_THEN_WRITE (0x03) 114
WRITE _RESPONSE (0x82) and ERASE_THEN_WRITE_RESPONSE (0x83) 114
READ (0x04) 115
READ_RESPONSE (0x84) 115
FIRMWARE_VERIFY (0x05) and FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL(0x06) 116
FIRMWARE_VERIFY_RESPONSE (0x85) 117
FIRMWARE_VERIFY _AND_INSTALL_RESPONSE (0x86) 117
Over-the-air firmware updates 118
Distribute the new application 118
Verify the new application 119
Install the application 119
Networking methods
Directed Broadcast/Repeater mode 121
Point to Point/Multipoint mode 121
Permanent (dedicated) 121
Switched 121
DigiMesh networking 121
DigiMesh feature set 122
Networking concepts 123
Device Configuration 123
Network ID 123
Data transmission and routing 123
Unicast addressing 123
Broadcast addressing 123
Routing 124
Route discovery 124
DigiMesh throughput 124
Transmission timeouts 125
AT commands
Special commands 128
AC (Apply Changes) 128
FR (Software Reset) 128
RE (Restore Defaults) 128
WR (Write 128
MAC/PHY commands 129
CM (Channel Mask) 129
HP (Preamble ID) 129
ID (Network ID) 129

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 8
MT(Broadcast Multi-Transmits) 130
PL (TX Power Level) 130
RR (Unicast Mac Retries) 130
ED (Energy Detect) 131
Diagnostic commands 131
BC (Bytes Transmitted) 131
DB (Last Packet RSSI) 131
ER (Received Error Count) 132
GD (Good Packets Received) 132
EA (MAC ACK Timeouts) 132
TR (Transmission Errors) 132
UA (MAC Unicast Transmission Count) 133
%H (MAC Unicast One Hop Time) 133
%8 (MAC Broadcast One Hop Time) 133
Network commands 133
CE (Node Messaging Options) 133
BH (Broadcast Hops) 134
NH (Network Hops) 134
NN (Network Delay Slots) 134
MR (Mesh Unicast Retries) 135
Addressing commands 135
SH (Serial Number High) 135
SL (Serial Number Low) 135
DH (Destination Address High) 136
DL (Destination Address Low) 136
TO (Transmit Options) 136
NI (Node Identifier) 137
NT (Node Discover Timeout) 137
NO (Node Discovery Options) 137
CI (Cluster ID) 138
DE (Destination Endpoint) 138
SE (Source Endpoint) 138
Addressing discovery/configuration commands 139
AG (Aggregator Support) 139
DN (Discover Node) 139
ND (Network Discover) 139
FN (Find Neighbors) 140
Diagnostic - addressing commands 141
N? (Network Discovery Timeout) 141
Security commands 141
EE (Security Enable) 141
KY (AES Encryption Key) 141
Serial interfacing commands 142
BD (Baud Rate) 142
NB (Parity) 142
SB (Stop Bits) 143
RO (Packetization Timeout) 143
FT (Flow Control Threshold) 143
AP (API Mode) 144
AO (API Options) 144
I/O settings commands 144
CB (Commissioning Pushbutton) 145
D0 (AD0/DIO0 Configuration) 145
D1 (DIO1/AD1) 145
D2 (DIO2/AD2) 146

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 9
D3 (DIO3/AD3) 146
D4 (DIO4/AD4) 147
D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) 147
D6 (DIO6/RTS) 147
D7 (DIO7/CTS) 148
D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST) 148
D9 (DIO9/ON_SLEEP) 149
P0 (DIO10/RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) 149
P1 (DIO11/PWM1 Configuration) 150
P2 (DIO12 Configuration) 150
P3 (DIO13/DOUT) 151
P4 (DIO14/DIN) 151
P5 (SPI_MISO) 151
P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration) 152
P7 (DIO17/SPI_SSEL ) 152
P8 (DIO18/SPI_SCLK) 152
P9 (SPI_ATTN) 153
PD (Pull Up/Down Direction) 153
PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) 153
M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle) 154
M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle) 155
LT (Associate LED Blink Time) 155
RP (RSSI PWM Timer) 155
I/O sampling commands 155
AV (Analog Voltage Reference) 155
IC (DIO Change Detection) 156
IF (Sleep Sample Rate) 157
IR (I/O Sample Rate) 157
TP (Temperature) 157
IS (Force Sample) 157
%V (Voltage Supply Monitoring) 158
Sleep commands 158
SM (Sleep Mode) 158
SO (Sleep Options) 158
SN (Number of Cylcles Between ON_SLEEP) 159
SP (Sleep Period) 159
ST (Wake Time) 160
WH (Wake Host) 160
Diagnostic - sleep status/timing commands 160
SS (Sleep Status) 160
OS (Operating Sleep Time) 161
OW (Operating Wake Time) 161
MS (Missed Sync Messages) 161
SQ (Missed Sleep Sync Count) 162
Command mode options 162
CC (Command Sequence Character) 162
CT (Command Mode Timeout) 162
CN (Exit Command Mode) 162
GT (Guard Times) 163
Firmware commands 163
VL (Version Long) 163
VR (Firmware Version) 163
HV (Hardware Version) 163
HS (Hardware Series) 164
DD (Device Type Identifier) 164

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 10
NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) 164
CK (Configuration CRC) 164
Operate in API mode
API mode overview 166
API frame format 166
Data bytes that need to be escaped: 167
Calculate and verify checksums 168
API frame exchanges 169
Code to support future API frames 170
Frame data 171
AT Command frame - 0x08 172
AT Command - Queue Parameter Value frame - 0x09 173
Transmit Request frame - 0x10 175
Explicit Addressing Command frame - 0x11 178
Remote AT Command Request frame - 0x17 181
AT Command Response frame - 0x88 183
Modem Status frame - 0x8A 185
Transmit Status frame - 0x8B 186
Route Information Packet frame - 0x8D 188
Aggregate Addressing Update frame - 0x8E 191
Receive Packet frame - 0x90 193
Explicit Rx Indicator frame - 0x91 195
Data Sample Rx Indicator frame - 0x92 197
Node Identification Indicator frame - 0x95 200
Remote Command Response frame - 0x97 203
Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices
Pin mapping 206
Mounting 207
Manufacturing information
Recommended solder reflow cycle 210
Recommended footprint and keepout 210
Flux and cleaning 212
Reworking 212
Regulatory information
Europe 215
Maximum power and frequency specifications 215
OEM labeling requirements 216
Declarations of conformity 217
Antennas 217

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide
The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules provide wireless connectivity to end-point devices in mesh networks.
With the XBee, users can have their network up-and-running in a matter of minutes without
configuration or additional development. The Digi XBee 868LP RF Module consists of firmware loaded
onto Digi XBee S8 hardware.
You can build networks up to 128 nodes using the XBee modules. For larger networks up to 1000+
nodes, Digi offers RF Optimization Services to assist with proper network configuration. Contact Digi
Technical Support for more details.
Note The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules are not compatible with other XBee products.
XBee S8 hardware description 12
European acceptance 12
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 11

XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide XBee S8 hardware description
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 12
XBee S8 hardware description
The XBee S8 radio module hardware consists of an Energy Micro EFM®32G230F128 microcontroller, an
Analog Devices ADF7023 radio transceiver, and in the Programmable version, a NXP MC9S08QE32
microcontroller.
European acceptance
The Digi XBee 868LP is manufactured under ISO 900:2015 registered standards.
The Digi XBee 868LP RF Modules are optimized for use in Europe and other regions. For more
information, see Regulatory information.

Technical specifications
Performance specifications 14
LBT and AFA specifications 14
Power requirements 15
General specifications 15
Networking and security 16
Regulatory conformity summary 16
Serial communication specifications 16
GPIO specifications 17
Hardware specifications for the programmable variant 17
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 13

Technical specifications Performance specifications
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 14
Performance specifications
The following table describes the performance specifications for the devices.
Note Range figure estimates are based on free-air terrain with limited sources of interference. Actual
range will vary based on transmitting power, orientation of transmitter and receiver, height of
transmitting antenna, height of receiving antenna, weather conditions, interference sources in the
area, and terrain between receiver and transmitter, including indoor and outdoor structures such as
walls, trees, buildings, hills, and mountains.
Specification XBee
Indoor/urban range Up to 370 ft (112 m) with a 2.1 dBi antenna, up to 46 ft (14 m) with a PCB
embedded antenna.
Outdoor RF line-of-
sight range
Up to 5.2 miles (8.4 km) with a 2.1 dBi antenna, up to 0.4 miles (.64 km) with
a PCB embedded antenna.
Transmit power
output
Up to 14 dBm (25 mW) EIRP with 2.1 dBi antenna
RF data rate (high) 80 kb/s
RF data rate (low) 10 kb/s
UART interface Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) serial universal
asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), baud rate stability of <1%.
UART data rate
(software
selectable)
9600-230400 baud
SPI clock rate Up to 3.5 MHz
Receiver category Class 2
Receiver sensitivity
(typical)
-101 dBm @ 80 kb/s, -106 dBm @ 10 kb/s.
Receiver blocking
(typical)
Frequency offset Data rate
10 kb/s 80 kb/s
+/- 400 kHz 40 dB 35 dB
+/- 200 kHz 35 dB 29 dB
Note To determine your indoor/urban range or outdoor RF line-of-sight range, perform a range test
under your operating conditions.
LBT and AFA specifications
The following table provides the Listen Before Talk (LBT) and Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA)
specifications.

Technical specifications Power requirements
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 15
Specification XBee 868LP
Channel spacing 100 kHz
Receiver bandwidth 150 kHz
Modulation bandwidth < 300 kHz
LBT threshold < -88 dBm
TX on time < 1 second
Power requirements
The following table describes the power requirements for the XBee 868LP RF Module.
Specification XBee
Supply voltage (VDD) 2.7 to 3.6 VDC
Transmit current, high data rate 48 mA, (45 mA typical)
Transmit current, low data rate 47 mA (41 mA typical)
Idle / receive current (high data rate) 27 mA (22 mA typical)
Idle / receive current (low data rate) 26 mA (24 mA typical)
Sleep current 1.7 µA
General specifications
The following table describes the general specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee
Operating frequency
band
863 to 870 MHz for Europe
Dimensions 2.119 x 3.4 x 0.305 cm (0.866 x 1.333 x 1.2 in)
Weight 40 g (1.4 oz)
Operatingtemperature -40 ºC to 85 ºC (industrial)
Antenna options U.FL RF connector, RF pad, embedded PCB antenna.
Note The embedded PCB antenna is only approved with 10 kb/s data rate,
not 80 kb/s data rate.
Digital I/O 13 I/O lines, five dedicated to Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) that can be
used as digital outputs.
ADC 4 10-bit analog inputs

Technical specifications Networking and security
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 16
Networking and security
The following table describes the networking and security specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee
Supported network topologies Mesh, repeater, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, peer-
to-peer.
Number of channels, user selectable
channels
30 channels, LBT + AFA
Addressing options Personal Area Network identifier (PAN ID) and 64-bit
addresses.
Encryption 128 bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Note For more information about the number of user selectable channels, see OEM labeling
requirements for countries in the European Community.
Regulatory conformity summary
This table describes the agency approvals for the devices.
Specification XBee
Europe (CE) Yes
Serial communication specifications
The XBee 868LP RF Module supports both Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART) and
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)serial connections.
UART pin assignments
UART Pins Device Pin Number
DOUT 3
DIN / CONFIG 4
CTS / DIO7 25
RTS / DIO6 29
For more information on UART operation, see UART data flow.

Technical specifications GPIO specifications
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 17
SPI pin assignments
SPI Pins Module Pin Number
SPI_SCLK / DIO18 (input) 14
SPI_SSEL / DIO17 (input) 15
SPI_MOSI / DIO16 (input) 16
SPI_MISO / DIO15 (output/tri-stated) 17
SPI_ATTN (output) 12
For more information on SPI operation, see SPI communications.
GPIO specifications
The XBee 868LP RF Modules have General Purpose Input / Output (GPIO) ports available. The exact
list depends on the module configuration, as some GPIO pads are used for purposes such as serial
communication.
You can set the pin configuration by using D0-D9, P0-P9, and I/O line monitoring. You cannot sample
pins P5-P9, but you may use them as outputs. For more information on these commands, see AT
commands. For more information on configuring and using GPIO ports, see Pin signals.
The following table provides the electrical specifications for the GPIO pads.
GPIO electrical specification Value
Low Schmitt switching threshold 0.3 x VDD
High Schmitt switching threshold 0.7 x VDD
Input pull-up resistor value 40 kΩ
Input pull-down resistor value 40 kΩ
Output voltage for logic 0 0.05 x VDD
Output voltage for logic 1 0.95 x VDD
Output source current 6 mA
Output sink current 6 mA
Total output current (for GPIO pads) 48 mA
Hardware specifications for the programmable variant
If the module includes the programmable secondary processor, add the following table values to the
specifications listed in Pin signals,Serial communication specifications, and GPIO specifications. For
example, if the secondary processor is running at 20 MHz and the primary processor is in receive
mode, then the new current value will be Itotal = Ir2 + Irx = 14 mA + 9 mA = 23 mA, where Ir2 is the
runtime current of the secondary processor and Irx is the receive current of the primary.
The following table provides the specifications of the programmable secondary processor.

Technical specifications Hardware specifications for the programmable variant
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 18
Optional secondary processor
specification
Add to RX, TX, and sleep currents specifications depending
on mode of operation
Runtime current for 32 k running
at 20 MHz
+14 mA
Runtime current for 32 k running
at 1 MHz
+1 mA
Sleep current +0.5 µA typical
VREF Range 1.8 VDC to VDD
Microcontroller NXP Flexis 8-bit S08 microcontroller NXP S08QE Family
Part number: MC9S08QE32

Hardware
Mechanical drawings 20
Pin signals 20
Design notes 22
Module operation for the programmable variant 28
Programmable XBee SDK 29
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 19

Hardware Mechanical drawings
XBee 868LP RF Modules User Guide 20
Mechanical drawings
The following mechanical drawings of the XBee 868LP RF Modules show all dimensions in inches.
Antenna options are not shown.
Pin signals
The following table describes the pin assignments for the devices. A horizontal line above the signal
name indicates low-asserted signals.
Pin# Name Direction
Default
state Description
1 GND - - Ground
2 VDD - - Power supply
3 DIO13 / DOUT Both Output GPIO/UART Data Out
4 DIO14 / DIN / CONFIG Both Input GPIO/UART Data In
5 DIO12 Both GPIO
6 RESET Input Module reset. Drive low to
reset the module. This is also
an output with an open drain
configuration with an internal
20 kW pull-up (never drive to
logic high, as the module may
be driving it low). The minimum
pulse width is 1 mS.