Digi XBee ZNet 2.5 User manual

Product Manual
XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee
PRO ZNet 2.5 OEM RF
Modules

XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO ZNet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual
(Part number 90000866 G)
Disclaimers
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on
the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, expressed
or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or merchantability for a particular
purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual or in the product(s) and/or the
program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United States and
other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their
respective owners.
© 2015 Digi International. All rights reserved.
Customer support
Telephone (8:00 am — 5:00 pm CST):
US & Canada: 866.765.9885
Worldwide: 801.765.9885
Online: www.digi.com/support
Mail:
Digi International
11001 Bren Road East
Minnetonka, MN 55343
USA
Warranty
View the product’s warranty online: http://www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
Revision Date Description
A June 2007 Baseline release of the document.
B February 2008 Content correction.
C February 2008 Updates to support firmware release 1x4x.
D October 2010 Added note on SAR testing, fixed resistor value, fixed packet size.
E October 2011 Update.
F January 2012 Updated with new embedded PCB antenna information. Minor wording
changes/table changes throughout the document.
G February 2015 Updated the template. Updated the warranty information.

XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO ZNet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 3
Contents
Overview
Key features 6
Worldwide acceptance 7
Specifications 7
Mechanical drawings of the XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Module 9
Mounting considerations 10
Pin signals 11
Design notes 12
Power supply design 12
Recommended pin connections 12
Board layout 13
Electrical characteristics 15
RF Module operation
Serial communications 16
UART data flow 16
Serial data 16
Serial buffers 16
Serial flow control 17
CTS flow control 18
RTS flow control 18
Serial interface protocols 18
Transparent operation 18
API Operation 18
Modes of operation 19
Idle Mode 19
Transmit Mode 19
Receive Mode 20
Command Mode 20
AT Command Mode 21
Sleep Mode 22
ZigBee networks
ZigBee network formation 23
ZigBee PANs 24
Starting a PAN 24
Joining a PAN 25
ZigBee network communications 27
XBee ZNet 2.5 networks
XBee ZNet 2.5 network formation 33
Starting an XBee ZNet 2.5 coordinator 33
Joining an XBee ZNet 2.5 Router or End Device to a PAN 34
Verifying network selection 35
Secure networks 35
Open and closed networks 36

XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO ZNet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 4
Resetting network parameters 37
XBee ZNet 2.5 addressing 37
Device addressing 37
Application-layer addressing 40
Sleeping End Devices 41
End Device operation 41
Parent operation 42
End Device behavior 43
Parent behavior 43
End Device sleep configuration 43
Remote configuration commands 46
Sending a remote command 46
Applying changes on remote 46
Remote command responses 47
IO line monitoring 47
IO samples 48
Queried sampling 49
Periodic IO sampling 50
Digital IO change detection 50
Voltage supply monitoring 51
I/O line configuration 51
Configuring A/D and digital lines 51
Sampling A/D and digital input lines 52
Network commissioning and diagnostics
Device discovery 54
Device configuration 54
Device placement 54
Link testing 54
RSSI indicators 55
Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED 55
Commissioning pushbutton 56
Associate LED 57
API operation
API frame specifications 59
API operation (AP parameter = 1) 59
API operation - with escape characters (AP parameter = 2) 59
Length 60
Frame data 60
Checksum 61
API examples 62
Supporting the API 63
API frames 64
Modem Status 64
AT command 64
AT command - Queue Parameter Value 65
AT command response 65
Remote AT command request 66
Remote command response 67
ZigBee transmit request 68
Explicit addressing ZigBee command frame 68

XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO ZNet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 5
ZigBee transmit status 69
ZigBee receive packet 70
ZigBee explicit Rx indicator 70
ZigBee IO data sample Rx indicator 71
XBee sensor read indicator 71
Node identification indicator 72
XBee ZNet 2.5 Command Reference Tables
Special 74
Addressing 74
Networking and security 77
Security 81
RF interfacing 81
Serial interfacing (I/O) 82
I/O commands 83
Diagnostics 87
AT command options 87
Sleep commands 88
Manufacturing support
Interoperability with other EM250 devices 90
Crosstalk issue 90
Customizing XBee default parameters 90
XBee EM250 pin mappings 91
XBee ZNet 2.5 custom bootloader 92
Programming XBee ZNet 2.5 modules 93
Developing custom firmware 94
Design considerations for Digi drop-in networking 94
Definitions
Agency certifications
United States FCC 98
OEM labeling requirements 98
FCC notices 98
FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) 99
RF exposure 102
OEM labeling requirements 103
Restrictions 103
Declarations of conformity 103
Approved antennas 104
Canada (IC) 104
Transmitters for detachable antennas 105
Detachable antenna 105
Migrating from the 802.15.4 protocol
ZigBee command set 106
Modified commands 106
New commands 106
API / AT firmware versions 106

Key features
XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO Znet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 6
Overview
The XBee/XBee-PRO®ZNet 2.5 OEM (formerly known as Series 2 and Series 2 PRO) RF Modules were
engineered to operate within the ZigBee protocol and support the unique needs of low-cost, low-
power wireless sensor networks.
The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between remote devices.
The modules operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band and are compatible with the following:
•XBeeRS-232Adapter
• XBee RS-232 PH (Power Harvester) Adapter
•XBeeRS-485Adapter
• XBee Analog I/O Adapter
• XBee Digital I/O Adapter
•XBeeSensorAdapter
• XBee USB Adapter
•XStick
• ConnectPort X Gateways
• XBee Wall Router
Key features
High performance, low cost Low power
• Indoor/urban: up to 300 ft (100 m)
• Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 1 mile (1.6 km)
• Transmit power output: 100 mW (20 dBm) EIRP
• Receiver sensitivity: -102 dBm
• RF data rate: 250,000 b/s
XBee PRO ZNet 2.5
• TX current: 295 mA (@3.3 V)
• RX current: 45 mA (@3.3 V)
• Power-down current: < 10 μA 25°C
Advanced networking and security Easy to use
Retries and acknowledgments
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
Each direct sequence channel has over 65,000 unique
network addresses available
Supports point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and peer-to-
peer topologies
Self-routing, self-healing and fault-tolerant mesh
networking
No configuration necessary for out-of box RF
communications
AT and API Command Modes for configuring
module parameters
Small form factor
Extensive command set
Free XCTU software (testing and configuration
software)
Free and unlimited technical support

Worldwide acceptance
XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO Znet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 7
Worldwide acceptance
FCC Approval (USA) Refer to the Government Agency Certification webpage. Systems that
contain XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Modules inherit Digi Certifications.
Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz frequency band.
Manufactured under ISO 9001:2000 registered standards
XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Modules are optimized for use in US, Canada, Australia,
Israel and Europe, Refer to the Government Agency Certification webpage for a complete list of
agency approvals.
Specifications
Table 1: Specifications of the XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Module
Specification XBeeZNet2.5 XBeePROZNet2.5
Performance
Indoor / urban range up to 133 ft (40m) up to 300 ft (100m)
Outdoor RF line-of-sight range up to 400 ft. (120 m) up to 1 mile (1.6 km)
Transmit power output 2 mW (+3dBm), boost mode enabled
1.25 mW (+1dBm), boost mode
disabled
50 mW (+17dBm)
10 mW (+10 dBm) for International
variant
RF data rate 250,000 b/s 250,000 b/s
Serial interface data rate
(software selectable)
1200 - 230400 b/s
(non-standard baud rates also
supported)
1200 - 230400 b/s
(non-standard baud rates also
supported)
Receiver sensitivity -96 dBm, boost mode enabled
-95 dBm, boost mode disabled
-102 dBm
Power Requirements
Supply voltage 2.1 - 3.6 V 3.0 - 3.4 V
Operating current (transmit,
max
output power)
40 mA (@ 3.3 V, boost mode enabled)
35 mA (@ 3.3 V, boost mode disabled)
295mA (@3.3 V)
Operating current (receive) 40 mA (@ 3.3 V, boost mode enabled)
38 mA (@ 3.3 V, boost mode disabled)
45 mA (@3.3 V)
Idle current (receiver off) 15mA 15mA
Power-down current < 1 uA @ 25°C < 10 uA @ 25°C
General
Operating frequency band ISM 2.4 GHz ISM 2.4 GHz
Dimensions 0.960” x 1.087” (2.438 cm x 2.761cm) 0.960 x 1.297 (2.438 cm x 3.294 cm)
Operating temperature -40 to 85º C (industrial) -40 to 85º C (industrial)

Specifications
XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO Znet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 8
Antenna options Integrated whip antenna, embedded
PCB antenna,
RPSMA, or U.FL
connector*
Integrated whip antenna, embedded
PCB antenna, RPSMA, or U.FL
connector*
Networking and security
Supported network topologies Point-to-point, point-to-multipoint,
Peer-to-peer, and mesh
Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint,
Peer-to-peer, and mesh
Number of channels 16 direct sequence channels 13 direct sequence channels
Addressing options PAN ID and addresses, cluster IDs and
endpoints (optional)
PAN ID and addresses, cluster IDs
and endpoints (optional)
Agency approvals
United States (FCC Part 15.247) FCC ID: OUR-XBEE2 FCC ID: MCQ-XBEEPRO2
Industry Canada (IC) IC: 4214A-XBEE2 IC: 1846A-XBEEPRO2
Europe (CE) ETSI ETSI
RoHS Compliant Compliant
*See Approved antennas on page 104 for region-specific certification requirements.
Table 1: Specifications of the XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Module

Mechanical drawings of the XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Module
XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO Znet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 9
Mechanical drawings of the XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Module
Figure 1: Mechanical drawings of the XBee /XBee-PRO ZNet 2.5 RF Module (antenna options not
shown)

Mounting considerations
XBee ZNet 2.5 / XBee PRO Znet 2.5 OEM RF Modules Product Manual 10
Figure 2: Mechanical drawings for the RPSMA variant
Mounting considerations
The XBee modules were designed to mount into a receptacle (socket) and therefore does not require
any soldering when mounting it to a board. The XBee PRO ZNet 2.5 Development Kits contain RS-232
and USB interface boards which use two 20-pin receptacles to receive modules.
Figure 3: XBee PRO ZNet 2.5 Module mounting to an RS-232 interface board.
The receptacles used on Digi development boards are manufactured by Century Interconnect.
Several other manufacturers provide comparable mounting solutions; however, Digi currently uses
the following receptacles:
• Through-hole single-row receptacles -
• Samtec P/N: MMS-110-01-L-SV (or equivalent)
• Surface-mount double-row receptacles -
• Century Interconnect P/N: CPRMSL20-D-0-1 (or equivalent)