Digi XBee ZigBee S2C User manual

XBee®/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh® 2.4
Radio Frequency (RF) Modules
User Guide

Revision history—90001506
Revision Date Description
AAugust 2016 Baseline release of the document.
B February2017 Added Australia and South Korea certification data for the S2C TH and
S2C SMT devices.
C April 2017 Added Japan certification data for the S2C TH and S2C SMT devices.
D June 2017 Modified regulatory and certification information as required by RED
(Radio Equipment Directive).
E February 2018 Added Brazil certification information.
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United
States and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the
property of their respective owners.
© 2018 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual
or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Warranty
To view product warranty information, go to the following website:
www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
Send comments
Documentation feedback: To provide feedback on this document, send your comments to
[e-mail].
Customer support
Digi Technical Support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages to help our
customers get the most out of their Digi product. For information on Technical Support plans and
pricing, contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 2

Contents
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide
Applicable firmware and hardware 11
Firmware release notes 11
Technical specifications
Performance specifications 13
Power requirements 13
General specifications 14
Networking and security specifications 14
Regulatory conformity summary 14
Serial communication specifications 15
UART pin assignments 15
SPI pin assignments 15
GPIO specifications 17
Hardware
Antenna options 19
Mechanical drawings 19
Mounting considerations 20
Pin signals 21
Notes 24
Design notes 24
Power supply design 24
Board layout 24
Antenna performance 24
Keepout area 25
RF pad version 27
ADC characteristics 29
Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module
Software libraries 32
Configure the device using XCTU 32
Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update 32
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 3

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 4
Modes
Serial modes 34
Transparent operating mode 34
API operating mode 34
Command mode 34
Transceiver modes 36
Idle mode 36
Transmit mode 36
Receive mode 36
Serial communication
Select a serial port 38
Serial receive buffer 38
Serial transmit buffer 38
UART port 38
UART data flow 38
Serial data 39
Flow control 39
SPI port 40
SPI signals 40
SPI parameters 41
SPI and API mode 42
Full duplex operation 42
Slave mode characteristics 42
I/O support
Digital I/O line support 45
Analog input 45
Monitor I/O lines 45
On demand I/O sampling 47
Periodic I/O sampling 48
Detect digital I/O changes 48
I/O line passing 49
I/O line passing details 49
Networking
Network identifiers 51
Operating channels 51
Delivery methods 51
DigiMesh networking 51
Repeater/directed broadcast 54
Point-to-multipoint 54
Encryption 55
Maximum payload 55
DigiMesh throughput 55

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 5
Network commissioning and diagnostics
Local configuration 58
Remote configuration 58
Send a remote command 58
Apply changes on remote devices 58
Remote command response 58
Establish and maintain network links 59
Build aggregate routes 59
DigiMesh routing examples 59
Replace nodes 60
Test links between adjacent devices 60
Trace route option 62
NACK messages 63
RSSI indicators 63
Associate LED 63
Diagnostics support 63
The Commissioning Pushbutton 64
Definitions 64
Use the Commissioning Pushbutton 65
Node discovery 65
Discover all the devices on a network 65
Directed node discovery 66
Destination Node 66
Discover devices within RF range 66
The FN (Find Neighbors) command 67
Sleep support
Sleep modes 69
Pin Sleep mode (SM = 1) 69
Cyclic Sleep mode (SM = 4) 69
Cyclic Sleep with Pin Wake-up mode (SM = 5) 70
Sleep parameters 70
Sleep current 70
Sleep pins 70
Indirect messaging and polling 71
Indirect messaging 71
Polling 71
AT commands
Special commands 73
FR (Software Reset) 73
RE command 73
AC (Apply Changes) 73
WR command 73
MAC/PHY commands 74
CH (Operating Channel) 74
ID (Network ID) 74
RR (Unicast Mac Retries) 74
MT(Broadcast Multi-Transmits) 75
PL (TX Power Level) 75
PM (Power Mode) 76

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 6
CA (CCA Threshold) 76
ED (Energy Detect) 77
TP (Board Temperature) 77
%V (Voltage Supply Monitoring) 77
%H (MAC Unicast One Hop Time) 77
%8 (MAC Broadcast One Hop Time) 78
DB (Last Packet RSSI) 78
UA (Unicasts Attempted Count) 78
GD (Good Packets Received) 78
BC (Bytes Transmitted) 79
EA (MAC ACK Failure Count) 79
EC (CCA Failures) 79
TR (Transmission Failure Count) 80
Network commands 80
CE (Routing / Messaging Mode) 80
TO (Transmit Options) 80
BH command 81
NH (Network Hops) 81
NN (Network Delay Slots) 82
MR (Mesh Unicast Retries) 82
Addressing commands 82
SH command 82
SL command 83
DH command 83
DL command 83
CI (Cluster ID) 83
Diagnostic commands 84
AG (Aggregator Support) 84
DM (DigiMesh Options) 84
DN (Discover Node) 84
ND (Network Discover) 85
FN (Find Neighbors) 86
NI command 86
NT (Network Discovery Back-off) 87
N? (Network Discovery Timeout) 87
NO (Network Discovery Options) 87
Security commands 88
EE (Encryption Enable) 88
KY (AES Encryption Key) 88
Serial interfacing commands 89
BD (Baud Rate) 89
NB (Parity) 89
RO command 90
FT (Flow Control Threshold) 90
AP (API Enable) 90
AO command 91
I/O settings commands 91
CB command 91
D0 (DIO0/AD0) 91
D1 (DIO1/AD1) 92
D2 (DIO2/AD2) 92
D3 (DIO3/AD3) 93
D4 (DIO4) 93
D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) 94
D6 (DIO6/RTS) 94

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 7
D7 (DIO7/CTS) 95
D8 (DIO8/DTR/SLEEP_REQUEST) 95
D9 (ON_SLEEP) 96
P0 (DIO10/RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) 96
P1 (DIO11/PWM1 Configuration) 97
P2 (DIO12/SPI_MISO Configuration) 97
P5 (SPI_MISO) 98
P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration) 98
P7 (SPI_SSEL ) 98
P8 (SPI_SCLK )P8 (SPI_SCLK ) 99
P9 (SPI_ATTN) 99
PD (Pull Up/Down Direction) 99
PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) 100
M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle) 100
M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle) 101
LT command 101
RP command 102
I/O line passing commands 102
IA (I/O Input Address) 102
IU (Send I/O Sample to Serial Port) 102
T0 (D0 Timeout) 103
T1 (D1 Output Timeout) 103
T2 (D2 Output Timeout) 103
T3 (D3 Output Timeout) 103
T4 (D4 Output Timeout) 103
T5 (D5 Output Timeout) 104
T6 (D6 Output Timeout) 104
T7 (D7 Output Timeout) 104
T8 (D8 Timeout) 104
T9 (D9 Timeout) 105
Q0 (P0 Timeout) 105
Q1 (P1 Timeout) 105
Q2 (P2 Timeout) 105
PT (PWM Output Timeout) 105
I/O sampling commands 106
IC (DIO Change Detect) 106
IF (Sleep Sample Rate) 107
IR (Sample Rate) 107
IS command 107
Sleep commands 107
SM command 108
SO command 108
SN command 108
SP (Sleep Time) 109
ST (Wake Time) 109
WH (Wake Host Delay) 109
Command mode options 110
CC (Command Character) 110
CT command 110
CN command 110
GT command 110
Firmware version/information commands 111
VL command 111
VR command 111
HV command 111

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 8
DD command 111
NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) 111
CK (Configuration CRC) 112
Operate in API mode
API mode overview 114
API frame specifications 114
Calculate and verify checksums 116
Escaped characters in API frames 117
Frame descriptions 118
API frame exchanges 118
AT Command frame - 0x08 120
AT Command - Queue Parameter Value frame - 0x09 121
Transmit Request frame - 0x10 123
Explicit Addressing Command frame - 0x11 126
Remote AT Command Request frame - 0x17 129
AT Command Response frame - 0x88 131
Modem Status frame - 0x8A 133
Transmit Status frame - 0x8B 134
Route Information Packet frame - 0x8D 136
Aggregate Addressing Update frame - 0x8E 139
Receive Packet frame - 0x90 141
Explicit Rx Indicator frame - 0x91 143
I/O Data Sample Rx Indicator frame - 0x92 145
Node Identification Indicator frame - 0x95 147
Remote Command Response frame - 0x97 151
Over-the-Air Firmware Update Status - 0xA0 153
Regulatory information
United States (FCC) 156
OEM labeling requirements 156
FCC notices 156
FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) 158
RF exposure 170
Europe (CE) 170
Maximum power and frequency specifications 170
OEM labeling requirements 170
Listen Before Talk requirement 171
Declarations of conformity 171
Antennas 172
Canada (IC) 172
Labeling requirements 172
For XBee S2C surface-mount 172
For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount 172
For XBee S2C through-hole 172
For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole 172
Transmitters for detachable antennas 173
Detachable antenna 173
Australia (RCM) 173
South Korea 173
ANATEL (Brazil) 177

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 9
Load DigiMesh 2.4 firmware on ZB devices
Background 180
Load firmware 180
Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices
Pin mapping 183
Mount the devices 184
PCB design and manufacturing
Recommended solder reflow cycle 187
Recommended footprint and keepout 187
Flux and cleaning 189
Rework 189

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide
This manual describes the operation of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module, which
consists of DigiMesh firmware loaded onto XBee S2C and PRO S2C hardware.
The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module supports the unique needs of low-cost, low-power,
wireless sensor networks. The devices require minimal power and provide reliable data delivery
between remote devices. The devices operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band.
You can build networks of up to 32 nodes using these devices. For larger networks of up to 1,000 or
more nodes, we offer technical support to assist with proper network configuration. For information
on Technical Support plans and pricing, contact us at 877.912.3444 or visit us at
www.digi.com/support.
Applicable firmware and hardware 11
Firmware release notes 11
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 10

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide Applicable firmware and hardware
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 11
Applicable firmware and hardware
This manual supports the following firmware:
n900x
It supports the following hardware:
nS2C
Firmware release notes
You can view the current release notes in the Firmware Explorer section of XCTU. For instructions on
downloading and using XCTU, go to: https://www.digi.com/products/xbee-rf-solutions/xctu-
software/xctu.

Technical specifications
The following tables provide the device's technical specifications.
Performance specifications 13
Power requirements 13
General specifications 14
Networking and security specifications 14
Regulatory conformity summary 14
Serial communication specifications 15
GPIO specifications 17
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 12

Technical specifications Performance specifications
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 13
Performance specifications
The following table describes the performance specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee value XBee-PRO value
Indoor / urban range Up to 200 ft (60 m) Up to 300 ft. (90 m)
Outdoor RF line-of-sight range Up to 4000 ft (1200 m) Up to 2 miles (3200
m)
Transmit power output (software
selectable)
6.3 mW (8 dBm), Boost mode1
3.1 mW (5 dBm), Normal mode
Channel 26 max power is 0.3 mW (-5
dBm)
63 mW (18 dBm)2
RF data rate 250,000 b/s 250,000 b/s
Maximum data throughput TBD TBD
UART interface data rate 1200 b/s to 250,000 b/s 1200 b/s to 250,000
b/s
SPI data rate Up to 5 Mb/s (burst) Up to 5 Mb/s (burst)
Receiver sensitivity -102 dBm, Boost mode
-100 dBm, Normal mode
-101 dBm
Power requirements
The following table describes the power requirements for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF
Module.
Specification XBee XBee-PRO
Supply voltage 2.1 - 3.6 V 2.7 - 3.6 V
Transmit current (typical, VCC = 3.3 V) 45 mA (8 dBm, Boost mode)
33 mA (5 dBm, Normal mode)
120 mA (18 dBm)
Idle / receive current (typical, VCC = 3.3 V) 31 mA (Boost mode)
28 mA (Normal mode)
31 mA
Power-down current <1 uA @ 25C <1 uA @ 25C
1Boost mode enabled by default; see PM (Power Mode).
2See Regulatory information for region-specific certification requirements.

Technical specifications General specifications
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 14
General specifications
The following table describes the general specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee XBee-PRO
Operating
frequency
ISM 2.4 GHz
Supported
channels
11 - 26 12 - 23
Form factor TH: 2.438 x 2.761 cm (0.960 x 1.087 in)
SMT: 2.199 x 3.4 x 0.305 cm (0.866 x
1.33 x 0.120 in)
TH: 2.438 x 3.294 cm (0.960 x 1.297 in)
SMT: 2.199 x 3.4 x 0.305 cm (0.866 x
1.33 x 0.120 in)
Operating
temperature
-40 to 85 ºC (industrial)
Antenna options TH: PCB antenna, U.FL connector, RPSMA connector, or integrated wire
SMT: RF pad, PCB antenna, or U.FL connector
Networking and security specifications
The following table describes the networking and security specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee XBee-PRO
Supported network
topologies
Mesh, point-to-point, point-to-
multipoint, peer-to-peer
Mesh, point-to-point, point-to-
multipoint, peer-to-peer
Number of channels
(software selectable)
16 direct sequence channels 12 direct sequence channels
Addressing options PAN ID, channel and 64-bit
addresses
PAN ID, channel and 64-bit
addresses
Encryption 128 bit Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES)
128 bit AES
Regulatory conformity summary
This table describes the agency approvals for the devices.
Country
XBee
(surface-mount)
XBee-PRO
(surface-
mount)
XBee
(through-hole)
XBee-PRO
(through-hole)
United States (FCC Part
15.247)
FCC ID:
MCQ-XBS2C
FCC ID:
MCQ-
PS2CSM
FCC ID:
MCQ-S2CTH
FCC ID:
MCQ-PS2CTH

Technical specifications Serial communication specifications
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 15
Country
XBee
(surface-mount)
XBee-PRO
(surface-
mount)
XBee
(through-hole)
XBee-PRO
(through-hole)
Industry Canada (IC) IC:
1846A-XBS2C
IC:
1846A-
PS2CSM
IC:
1846A-S2CTH
IC:
1846A-PS2CTH
FCC/IC test transmit
power output range
-26 to +8dBm -0.7 to
+19.4 dBm
-26 to +8 dBm +1 to +19 dBm
Europe (CE) Yes - Yes -
Australia RCM RCM RCM RCM
Japan R201WW10215369 R210- 105563
South Korea MSIP-CRM-DIG-
XBee-S2C
MSIP-CRM-DIG-
XBee-S2C-TH
RoHS Compliant
Serial communication specifications
The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module supports both Universal Asynchronous Receiver /
Transmitter (UART) and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)serial connections.
UART pin assignments
The SC1 (Serial Communication Port 1) of the Ember 357 is connected to the UART port. The following
table provides the UART pin assignments.
Specifications Module pin number
UART pins XBee (surface-mount) XBee (through-hole)
DOUT 3 2
DIN / CONFIG 4 3
CTS / DIO7 25 12
RTS / DIO6 29 16
SPI pin assignments
The SC2 (Serial Communication Port 2) of the Ember 357 is connected to the SPI port.
Specifications Module pin number
SPI pins XBee (surface-mount) XBee (through-hole)
SPI_SCLK 14 18

Technical specifications Serial communication specifications
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 16
Specifications Module pin number
SPI pins XBee (surface-mount) XBee (through-hole)
SPI_SSEL 15 17
SPI_MOSI 16 11
SPI_MISO 17 4

Technical specifications GPIO specifications
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 17
GPIO specifications
XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Modules have 15 General Purpose Input / Output (GPIO) ports
available. The exact list depends on the device configuration, as some GPIO pads are used for
purposes such as serial communication.
GPIO Electrical Specification Value
Low Schmitt switching threshold 0.42 - 0.5 x VCC
High Schmitt switching threshold 0.62 - 0.8 x VCC
Input current for logic 0 -0.5 µA
Input current for logic 1 0.5 µA
Input pull-up resistor value 29 kΩ
Input pull-down resistor value 29 kΩ
Output voltage for logic 0 0.18 x VCC
(maximum)
Output voltage for logic 1 0.82 x VCC
(minimum)
Output source/sink current for pad numbers 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 26,
28, 29, 30, and 32 on the SMT modules
4 mA
Output source/sink current for pin numbers 2, 3, 4, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, and 19 on
the TH modules
4 mA
Output source/sink current for pad numbers 7, 8, 24, 31, and 33 on the SMT
modules
8 mA
Output source/sink current for pin numbers 6, 7, 11, 18, and 20 on the TH modules 8 mA
Total output current (for GPIO pads) 40 mA

Hardware
Antenna options 19
Mechanical drawings 19
Mounting considerations 20
Pin signals 21
Design notes 24
ADC characteristics 29
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 18

Hardware Antenna options
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 19
Antenna options
The ranges specified are typical for the integrated whip (1.5 dBi) and dipole (2.1 dBi) antennas. The
printed circuit board (PCB) antenna option provides advantages in its form factor; however, it typically
yields shorter range than the whip and dipole antenna options when transmitting outdoors. For more
information, see XBee and XBee-PRO OEM RF Module Antenna Considerations Application Note.
Mechanical drawings
The following mechanical drawings of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module show all
dimensions in inches. The first drawing shows the surface-mount device (antenna options not shown).
The following drawings show the standard (non-PRO) through-hole device.

Hardware Mounting considerations
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 20
The following drawings show the XBee-PRO through-hole device.
Mounting considerations
We design the through-hole module to mount into a receptacle so that you do not have to solder the
module when you mount it to a board. The development kits may contain RS-232 and USB interface
boards that use two 20-pin receptacles to receive modules.