Digi XBee ZigBee S2C User manual

XBee®/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh® 2.4
Radio Frequency (RF) Modules
User Guide

Revision history—90001506
Revision Date Description
AAugust 2016 Baseline release of the document.
B February2017 Added Australia and South Korea certification data for the S2C TH and
S2C SMT devices.
C April 2017 Added Japan certification data for the S2C TH and S2C SMT devices.
D June 2017 Modified regulatory and certification information as required by RED
(Radio Equipment Directive).
E February 2018 Added Brazil certification information.
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property of their respective owners.
© 2018 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved.
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any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual
or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Warranty
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www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
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XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 2

Contents
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide
Applicable firmware and hardware 11
Firmware release notes 11
Technical specifications
Performance specifications 13
Power requirements 13
General specifications 14
Networking and security specifications 14
Regulatory conformity summary 14
Serial communication specifications 15
UART pin assignments 15
SPI pin assignments 15
GPIO specifications 17
Hardware
Antenna options 19
Mechanical drawings 19
Mounting considerations 20
Pin signals 21
Notes 24
Design notes 24
Power supply design 24
Board layout 24
Antenna performance 24
Keepout area 25
RF pad version 27
ADC characteristics 29
Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module
Software libraries 32
Configure the device using XCTU 32
Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update 32
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 3

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 4
Modes
Serial modes 34
Transparent operating mode 34
API operating mode 34
Command mode 34
Transceiver modes 36
Idle mode 36
Transmit mode 36
Receive mode 36
Serial communication
Select a serial port 38
Serial receive buffer 38
Serial transmit buffer 38
UART port 38
UART data flow 38
Serial data 39
Flow control 39
SPI port 40
SPI signals 40
SPI parameters 41
SPI and API mode 42
Full duplex operation 42
Slave mode characteristics 42
I/O support
Digital I/O line support 45
Analog input 45
Monitor I/O lines 45
On demand I/O sampling 47
Periodic I/O sampling 48
Detect digital I/O changes 48
I/O line passing 49
I/O line passing details 49
Networking
Network identifiers 51
Operating channels 51
Delivery methods 51
DigiMesh networking 51
Repeater/directed broadcast 54
Point-to-multipoint 54
Encryption 55
Maximum payload 55
DigiMesh throughput 55

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 5
Network commissioning and diagnostics
Local configuration 58
Remote configuration 58
Send a remote command 58
Apply changes on remote devices 58
Remote command response 58
Establish and maintain network links 59
Build aggregate routes 59
DigiMesh routing examples 59
Replace nodes 60
Test links between adjacent devices 60
Trace route option 62
NACK messages 63
RSSI indicators 63
Associate LED 63
Diagnostics support 63
The Commissioning Pushbutton 64
Definitions 64
Use the Commissioning Pushbutton 65
Node discovery 65
Discover all the devices on a network 65
Directed node discovery 66
Destination Node 66
Discover devices within RF range 66
The FN (Find Neighbors) command 67
Sleep support
Sleep modes 69
Pin Sleep mode (SM = 1) 69
Cyclic Sleep mode (SM = 4) 69
Cyclic Sleep with Pin Wake-up mode (SM = 5) 70
Sleep parameters 70
Sleep current 70
Sleep pins 70
Indirect messaging and polling 71
Indirect messaging 71
Polling 71
AT commands
Special commands 73
FR (Software Reset) 73
RE command 73
AC (Apply Changes) 73
WR command 73
MAC/PHY commands 74
CH (Operating Channel) 74
ID (Network ID) 74
RR (Unicast Mac Retries) 74
MT(Broadcast Multi-Transmits) 75
PL (TX Power Level) 75
PM (Power Mode) 76

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 6
CA (CCA Threshold) 76
ED (Energy Detect) 77
TP (Board Temperature) 77
%V (Voltage Supply Monitoring) 77
%H (MAC Unicast One Hop Time) 77
%8 (MAC Broadcast One Hop Time) 78
DB (Last Packet RSSI) 78
UA (Unicasts Attempted Count) 78
GD (Good Packets Received) 78
BC (Bytes Transmitted) 79
EA (MAC ACK Failure Count) 79
EC (CCA Failures) 79
TR (Transmission Failure Count) 80
Network commands 80
CE (Routing / Messaging Mode) 80
TO (Transmit Options) 80
BH command 81
NH (Network Hops) 81
NN (Network Delay Slots) 82
MR (Mesh Unicast Retries) 82
Addressing commands 82
SH command 82
SL command 83
DH command 83
DL command 83
CI (Cluster ID) 83
Diagnostic commands 84
AG (Aggregator Support) 84
DM (DigiMesh Options) 84
DN (Discover Node) 84
ND (Network Discover) 85
FN (Find Neighbors) 86
NI command 86
NT (Network Discovery Back-off) 87
N? (Network Discovery Timeout) 87
NO (Network Discovery Options) 87
Security commands 88
EE (Encryption Enable) 88
KY (AES Encryption Key) 88
Serial interfacing commands 89
BD (Baud Rate) 89
NB (Parity) 89
RO command 90
FT (Flow Control Threshold) 90
AP (API Enable) 90
AO command 91
I/O settings commands 91
CB command 91
D0 (DIO0/AD0) 91
D1 (DIO1/AD1) 92
D2 (DIO2/AD2) 92
D3 (DIO3/AD3) 93
D4 (DIO4) 93
D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) 94
D6 (DIO6/RTS) 94

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 7
D7 (DIO7/CTS) 95
D8 (DIO8/DTR/SLEEP_REQUEST) 95
D9 (ON_SLEEP) 96
P0 (DIO10/RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) 96
P1 (DIO11/PWM1 Configuration) 97
P2 (DIO12/SPI_MISO Configuration) 97
P5 (SPI_MISO) 98
P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration) 98
P7 (SPI_SSEL ) 98
P8 (SPI_SCLK )P8 (SPI_SCLK ) 99
P9 (SPI_ATTN) 99
PD (Pull Up/Down Direction) 99
PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) 100
M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle) 100
M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle) 101
LT command 101
RP command 102
I/O line passing commands 102
IA (I/O Input Address) 102
IU (Send I/O Sample to Serial Port) 102
T0 (D0 Timeout) 103
T1 (D1 Output Timeout) 103
T2 (D2 Output Timeout) 103
T3 (D3 Output Timeout) 103
T4 (D4 Output Timeout) 103
T5 (D5 Output Timeout) 104
T6 (D6 Output Timeout) 104
T7 (D7 Output Timeout) 104
T8 (D8 Timeout) 104
T9 (D9 Timeout) 105
Q0 (P0 Timeout) 105
Q1 (P1 Timeout) 105
Q2 (P2 Timeout) 105
PT (PWM Output Timeout) 105
I/O sampling commands 106
IC (DIO Change Detect) 106
IF (Sleep Sample Rate) 107
IR (Sample Rate) 107
IS command 107
Sleep commands 107
SM command 108
SO command 108
SN command 108
SP (Sleep Time) 109
ST (Wake Time) 109
WH (Wake Host Delay) 109
Command mode options 110
CC (Command Character) 110
CT command 110
CN command 110
GT command 110
Firmware version/information commands 111
VL command 111
VR command 111
HV command 111

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 8
DD command 111
NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) 111
CK (Configuration CRC) 112
Operate in API mode
API mode overview 114
API frame specifications 114
Calculate and verify checksums 116
Escaped characters in API frames 117
Frame descriptions 118
API frame exchanges 118
AT Command frame - 0x08 120
AT Command - Queue Parameter Value frame - 0x09 121
Transmit Request frame - 0x10 123
Explicit Addressing Command frame - 0x11 126
Remote AT Command Request frame - 0x17 129
AT Command Response frame - 0x88 131
Modem Status frame - 0x8A 133
Transmit Status frame - 0x8B 134
Route Information Packet frame - 0x8D 136
Aggregate Addressing Update frame - 0x8E 139
Receive Packet frame - 0x90 141
Explicit Rx Indicator frame - 0x91 143
I/O Data Sample Rx Indicator frame - 0x92 145
Node Identification Indicator frame - 0x95 147
Remote Command Response frame - 0x97 151
Over-the-Air Firmware Update Status - 0xA0 153
Regulatory information
United States (FCC) 156
OEM labeling requirements 156
FCC notices 156
FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) 158
RF exposure 170
Europe (CE) 170
Maximum power and frequency specifications 170
OEM labeling requirements 170
Listen Before Talk requirement 171
Declarations of conformity 171
Antennas 172
Canada (IC) 172
Labeling requirements 172
For XBee S2C surface-mount 172
For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount 172
For XBee S2C through-hole 172
For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole 172
Transmitters for detachable antennas 173
Detachable antenna 173
Australia (RCM) 173
South Korea 173
ANATEL (Brazil) 177

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 9
Load DigiMesh 2.4 firmware on ZB devices
Background 180
Load firmware 180
Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices
Pin mapping 183
Mount the devices 184
PCB design and manufacturing
Recommended solder reflow cycle 187
Recommended footprint and keepout 187
Flux and cleaning 189
Rework 189

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide
This manual describes the operation of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module, which
consists of DigiMesh firmware loaded onto XBee S2C and PRO S2C hardware.
The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module supports the unique needs of low-cost, low-power,
wireless sensor networks. The devices require minimal power and provide reliable data delivery
between remote devices. The devices operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band.
You can build networks of up to 32 nodes using these devices. For larger networks of up to 1,000 or
more nodes, we offer technical support to assist with proper network configuration. For information
on Technical Support plans and pricing, contact us at 877.912.3444 or visit us at
www.digi.com/support.
Applicable firmware and hardware 11
Firmware release notes 11
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 10