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Dudek Synthesis User manual

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t, 2
Dudek Paragli ers, ul. Cen ralna 2U, 86-31 OsielskoPoland, +48 5 324 1740, ex ort@dudek.eu
d0p
www.dudek.euwww.dudek.eu
User Manual
NOTE!
Please read this manual before your first flight
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. The wing..............................................................................................4
2.1 Design
2.2 Construction
3. Flight operation............................................................................8
3.1 Steering lines and speed system adjustment
3.2 Free flying
3.2.1 Take-offt
3.2.2 Flight
3.2.3 Landing
3.2.4 Winching
3.3 Powered flight
3.3.1 Take-off
3.3.2 Level flight
3.3.3 Landing
3.3.4 Golden rules
3.4 Quick descent methods
1. Introduction......................................................................................3
3.4.1 Big ears
3.4.2 Spiral dive
3.4.3 B-stall
3.5 Acro Flying
3.5.1 Wing over
3.6 Extreme manoeuvrese
3.6.1 One sided collapse
3.6.2 Frontal collapse
3.6.3 Full stall and negative spin
3.6.4 Parachutal stall
3.6.5 Line over and cravatte
3.6.6 Emergency steering
4. Canopy care........................................................................................25
4.1 Storage
4.2 Cleaning
4.3 Repair
4.4 Deterioration - a few tips
5. Technical data.................................................................................27
6. Warranty, AeroCasco..............................................................28
7. What have you bought......................................................................30
8. Rigging tables.....................................................................32
9. Risers........................................................................................37
Page
Trailing edgeTrailing edge
Cell Cell
Leading
edge
Leading
edge
RisersRisers
Cell
openings
Cell
openings
Main suspension linesMain suspension lines
Trim tabTrim tab
Steering
line
Steering
line
Brake
pulley
Brake
pulley
StabilizerStabilizer
1. INTRODUCTION
CONGRATULATIONS!
We are pleased to welcome you among the growing number of Dudek
Paragliders pilots. You've become a proud owner of state-of-the-art
Synthesis paraglider. Extensive development, application of the most
modern methods and thorough testing make the Synthesis a user-
friendly paraglider, offering the pilot a lot of fun combined with great
performance.
We wish you many enjoyable and safe flying hours.
DISCLAIMER
Please read this Manual carefully and note the following details:
$The purpose of this Manual is to offer guidelines to the pilot using the
Dudek Synthesis wing and it is by no means intended to be used as a
training manual for this or any other paraglider in general.
$You may only fly a paraglider when qualified to do so or when
undergoing training at an accredited School or with an Instructor.
$Pilots are personally responsible for their own safety and their
paraglider's airworthiness.
$The use of this paraglider is solely at the user's own risk! The
manufacturer and distributor do not accept any liability connected with
this activity.
$This paraglider on delivery meets all the requirements of the EN 926-1
and 926-2 regulations. Any alterations to the paraglider will render its
certification invalid.
NOTICE
Dudek Paragliders warns that due to the constant process of development
the actual paraglider may differ slightly from the one described in the
manual.
33
USER MANUALUSER MANUAL
2. THE WING
WHO SHOULD FLY Synthesis?
Whether you have already tried paramotoring or you’re only learning it – you
know it is your game. You are excited with the possibility of taking off almost
anywhere. You need a wing that is both agile and easy to control, that will allow
you to discover freedom of three-dimensioned journey – there is an endless
number of distant and beautiful spots to visit from the air.
Mostly you will be just enjoying your time, but if you one day would like to try
yourself out in a competition, you wouldn’t like your wing to confine you. So your
paraglider has to be versatile, relatively slow and easy at take off (running around
with 40+ kg on your back is not necessarily your ideal of pleasure). Yet it has to
be equipped with a set of trimmers allowing it a wide speed range, with possibly
high top speed. Of course you would like it to be safe and stable too, both in
thermals and in chance turbulences, including top speed configuration (full trim
+speedbar).
Synthesis does fulfill all of these seemingly contradicting requirements. It is
simply a synthesis of desired powered-wing features with gentle characteristics
of free-flying paragliders.
2.1 DESIGN
After a long success story of our Action and ReAction paragliders we’ve set
us another ambitious goal: to create a PPG wing that could be flown by
pilots of all skill levels, combining great reflex-wing performance with free-
flying paragliders ease of take-off. We succeeded and in the Synthesis our
dream came true.
While designing it we put a lot of effort into flight safety, pleasant handling,
good performance and wide speed range, so that it will satisfy a great many
pilots. In many prototypes leading to final Synthesis version we have tested
several airfoils based on our own Dudek Reflex Airfoil. Often we tried to
decrease its stability in order to achieve take-off and handling, but invariably
we ended with worsened safety at full speed with little improvement
elsewhere.
After several prototypes our efforts paid up and we arrived at a wing with
great maximal speed (61 km/h), wide speed range on trim (37 to 49 km/h)
and as easy a start as possible with reflex profile. Main feature of reflex
airfoil paragliders, i.e. passive safety, remained intact.
We feel safe to declare the Synthesis to be the best wing available in its
class.
The fundamental feature of a good PPG wing is its great stability and tuck-
resistance. A good PPG wing must be a very stable and tuck-resistant craft.
44
When this is achieved, the user does not have to concentrate all the time on
piloting, thus saving energy for navigation, taking pictures or simply enjoying
the flight. In addition the faster and safer your paraglider is, the more often
you can fly.
While the Synthesis was designed to retain all the features of a conventional
paralider, the application of a reflex aerofoil section added several new
qualities. First of all, using that profile means that the wing stability does not
depend exclusively on the pilot's weight and actions. It maintains its own
pitch attitude, rising and falling through thermals while remaining stable
above your head, without need for so much pilot input.
Generally speaking the reflex profile is a special kind of aerofoil section. The
specific static pressure distribution creates a situation where at low attack
angles, only the wing fore part (some 60% of the chord) is producing lift,
while the rear 40% of the chord creates an effective stabiliser against
excessive decrease of the attack angle.
The trimmer system allows you to considerably raise the rear part of the
airfoil, thus effectively reducing projected chord and surface area by some
30%, giving the paraglider a higher wing loading and increased speed
without change in the angle of attack.
The centre of pressure also moves forward, adding enhanced pitch stability.
Such a shift of loading gives the wing exceptional tuck-resistance and
increases projected aspect ratio, resulting in much better flight data,
especially at full speed. Should you require more lift at lower speeds, the
rear section can be pulled down to restore a full airfoil, effective along the
whole chord.
Piloting the Synthesis actually reminds one more of flying a conventional
powered aircraft than a paraglider.
Below we will try to give you a closer look at some of the remarkable
Synthesis features.
2.2 DESIGN
The Synthesis 3D body was designed in our CSG (Canopy Shape Guard)
system, comprising many elements resulting in exceptional coherence and
stability of the shape. Below you will find a short description of CSG
subsystems.
The Synthesis has an elliptical planform with slightly rearward swept tips.
Every second cell is divided in two, with ribs additionally supported by
diagonal VSS (V-shaped supports) system. Such arrangement ensures a
smooth top surface, exact aerofoil reproduction across the entire wingspan
and yet more importantly, minimal number of suspension points.
55
USER MANUALUSER MANUAL
The lower surface has a RSS (Reinforcing Strap System) applied in the
wing’s interior. RSS is an ballooning-independent reinforcements system
made entirely of paragliding fabric, effectively stiffening and stabilizing the
canopy.
Synthesis’ aerofoil is another product of our Dudek Reflex Airfoil technology.
It was calculated with our previous experiences in mind and thoroughly
tested with numerical methods
The suspension points areas are additionally reinforced with laminated fabric
so that loads are equally distributed on three planes: vertically (with the ribs),
diagonally (with VSS system) and level through RSS.
All crossports have been prepared using OCD (Optimised Crossports
Design) technology. Carefully designed shapes of the openings and their
optimal placement between stress lines guarantee efficient pressure
distribution in the canopy and its quick inflation. These openings are scaled
together with the ribs, so that their replicability is flawless and they do not
disturb the aerofoil in any way.
The Synthesis’ leading edge is closed to airflow, and its precise shape is
supported by reinforcements of laminated fabric.
Cell openings are positioned on the undersurface in the vicinity of leading
edge. Their position was chosen very carefully, so that they got maximum
ram effect in possibly many flight situations. In several places the leading
edge features our CCS (Closed Cell Structure) system – this is a number of
closed cells in most important locations. It’s goal is to hinder the backflow
form the cells out and thus to facilitate their refilling and canopy recovery in
case of a collapse.
Each wingtip consists of four additional cells creating stabilizers. They
maintain correct tension of the canopy, improve directional stability and play
important role in keeping your turns efficient and even. In the very tips there
are cleaning slots, placed there for easy removal of dirt form inside the wing.
Careful selection of modern fabrics and design solutions brings about great
strength and durability of the Synthesis. All materials used come from
marked production batches, and each production step can be verified down
to identification of specific worker and controller.
Fabric
Each kind fabric has it unique features and characteristics. We composed
them so that their interplay creates a perfect blend.
The Synthesis’ upper surface is made of Porcher Skytex 45 Evolution fabric
(formerly named Aquatic), perfectly proven in our earlier wings. Basically it's
a nylon material covered with superb E85A impregnate, introduced into
mass production in January 2002 after a series of extensive laboratory and
66
real flying tests. Such covered fabric is not very stiff and - what's most
important - has increased tear, stretch and UV resistance. It is not siliconed,
so minor repairs can be easily made with self-adhesive strips.
The lower surface is made of Skytex 40 Classic with E38A impregnate. This
fabric has a great weight/resistance ratio and is one of the greatest Porcher
successes in providing proper materials for the paragliding industry.
The ribs must be as rigid and stretch-resistant as possible. We found these
qualities in Skytex 40 Hard with E29A impregnate. All reinforcements are
made of SR-Scrim.
Rigging system
All of the Synthesis suspension lines are sheathed by a coloured polyester
layer which is covering brownish Technora core. Low number of lines
required such composition, featuring high strength and stretch-resistance.
The rigging system consists of individual lines looped and stitched at each
end. The main lines are made of Technora and depending on their location.
have 1.8 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.3 mm or 1.2 mm diameters. Such diversity stems
from different loads on the line groups concerned. Lines of the middle and
upper layers are made of 1.2 or 1.3 mm Technora.
The upper level lines (gallery) start at the attachment points. Every two lines
join one middle layer line. These in turn connect by twos or threes to the
main suspension lines, which are attached to the risers with triangular quick
links (maillons). To prevent their slipping off, the lines are kept together with
a rubber 'O ring'. All the maillons are made of corrosion resistant, polished
stainless steel, ensuring excellent strength and durability.
Brake lines run from the trailing edge through consecutive cascades to the
main steering lines, which are lead through pulleys connected to the rear
risers and then fixed to the brake handles.
Steering lines do not carry any load until the brakes are applied. Some of the
steering lines (of the FC group) are additionally led through rings sewn into
the trailing edge. Because of this feature the trailing edge is shortened on
application of the brake, so that steering becomes lighter and more effective.
All the lines are distinguished with colours depending on their strength and
diameter as follows:
2,3 mm; strength: 420 daN; colour: celadon (willow green),
1,8 mm; strength: 280 daN; colour: red and orange (the latter for
pulling big ears),
1,5 mm; strength: 190 daN; colour: violet,
1,3 mm; strength: 140 daN; colour: green,
1,2 mm; strength: 90 daN; colour: blue.
(given colours are subject to slight changes).
77
USER MANUALUSER MANUAL
The risers
For the Synthesis we have chosen four-way risers equipped with:
$ELR (Easy Launch Riser) system. This is an specially marked A
rises (gold ribbon)
$speed-system affecting A, B and C risers when engaged;,
$trimmers of red band with visible scale (red – slow and blue – fast
trim setting), designed for quick and easy replacement in case of
deterioration;
$ two levels of the pulleys, to be used depending on the hangpoint
$ Tip Steering Toggle system (see details on pages 10).
For quick and easy recognition in emergency, some of the risers are
distinguished with coloured band as follows:
A - gold (used for launching)
A' - blue (used for big ears)
B - red (used for B-stall)
D - grey (needed to keep the glider down in strong winds or
interrupting the launch).
Main A row suspension lines connect to an A riser (gold) and A' (blue). B and
stabiliser lines go to B riser (red), C lines (black) go to C riser, and D lines to
D riser (grey), which through pulleys keep the steering lines too.
Brake handles are attached to the steering lines at optimal places,
guaranteeing safe and effective operation. On the main brake lines there are
two points marked, higher and lower, to be used depending on the harness
hangpoint. On adjusting the steering lines see chapter 3.1.
Our newest brake handle used in Synthesis besides its robust yet light
design features:
$DCT (Double Comfort Toggle) system,
$EK (Easy Keeper) system - look below
88