Dynalog C-SCAN 2000 Series User manual

Leaders in Pipeline Survey Systems
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Issue 4.04 - 1207 1

Leaders in Pipeline Survey Systems
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Issue 4.04 - 1207 2
Equipment Serial Number:
Dynalog Job/Contract Number:
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Part 1 – OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION
This folder includes full instructions and data for unpacking, setting-up, commissioning, and operating the
above referenced C-Scan Model 2010 Survey & Monitoring System for buried pipelines. Part 1 of the
Manual – OPERATION – is divided into Sections as shown on the Contents List on the next page. Part 2
is the Survey procedure manual supplied as a separate document.
Before any setting-up and survey work is undertaken, these instructions must be read and fully
understood by the Operators who will carry out the survey work using this equipment.
Issue 4-04 - 1207
Dynalog Electronics Limited
PO Box 1073 Bristol BS99 1HF United Kingdom
e-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.dynalog.co.uk
United Kingdom Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
Section 6 (a) of this Act requires manufacturers to advise their customers
on the safety and handling precautions to be observed when installing, operating,
maintaining and servicing their products.
The user’s attention is therefore drawn to the following:
1. The appropriate sections of this manual must be read carefully before using the equipment.
2. Operation and maintenance must only be carried out by suitably trained personnel.
3. Normal safety precautions must be taken and appropriate procedures observed to avoid accidents
Refer to the equipment suppliers — name and address below — for any technical advice or product
information

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2. OVERVIEW
2.1. Introduction
This section described the C-Scan Pipeline Survey System model 2010: what the system
comprises, how to unpack it, set it up and get it started. A detailed contents list for this section
appears below.
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 2
2. OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3
2.2. Unpacking and activating the C-Scan 2010 Detector Unit (DU)........................ 4
2.2.1. Unpacking ..................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2. Charging the Signal Generator (SG) ............................................................. 4
2.2.3. Charging the Detector Unit (DU) ................................................................... 5
2.3. Getting Started................................................................................................ 10
2.3.1 The display screen and keypad................................................................... 10
2.3.2. Quick Start................................................................................................... 13
2.3.3. Search......................................................................................................... 15
2.3.4. Calculate ..................................................................................................... 17
2.3.5. Store Data ................................................................................................... 17
2.3.6. Entering Distance ........................................................................................ 18
2.3.7. Graphs......................................................................................................... 20
3. SUMMARY SPECIFICATION............................................................................. 21
3.1. Detector Unit (DU) .......................................................................................... 21
3.2. Signal Generator (SG) .................................................................................... 22
4. OPERATION ...................................................................................................... 23
4.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 23
4.1.1. Principles of Operation ................................................................................ 23
4.2. Demo Mode .................................................................................................... 24
4.2.1 Starting DEMO MODE ................................................................................ 25
4.3. Creating a new survey .................................................................................... 26
4.4. Notes on entering distances............................................................................ 27
4.5. Chainage......................................................................................................... 28
4.6. Direction change within a survey .................................................................... 29
4.7. Notes on Graphs............................................................................................. 30
4.8. Close Interval Survey...................................................................................... 32
4.9. Notes on GPS ................................................................................................. 34
4.10. Battery Life/Power modes............................................................................... 35
4.11. PRINTING OUT A SURVEY ........................................................................... 37
4.12. Clearing Memory............................................................................................. 39
The C-SCAN 2010 is the next generation design in the 2000 series Pipeline Survey System. The system
increases the speed and accuracy over previous models, with more statistical features for noise
reduction. Improvements over the previous model include the following features:
•Built in GPS unit for accurate position indication.
•Attenuations can be calculated using GPS position information
•Full graphic interface allows the display of data without the use of a laptop or PC.

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2.2. Unpacking and activating the C-Scan 2010 Detector Unit (DU)
2.2.1. Unpacking
For shipping safety the Detector Unit is shipped with its batteries packed separately.
Unpack the entire system from its yellow transportation case and make sure all the items,
including those stored in the lid of the Signal Generator, are present in accordance with the
packing list.
NOTES:
1. A spare copy of the packing list can be found in the plastic zip envelope containing the manuals
and other documents. Report any obvious damage or any missing items, immediately.
2. To open the lid of the Signal Generator (SG) it may be necessary to push the red button on the
front face of the SG case to release internal vacuum.
3. Do NOT try to activate damaged equipment.
If everything appears to be present and undamaged proceed to 2.2.2 below.
2.2.2. Charging the Signal Generator (SG)
NOTES:
There are two battery chargers supplied with the equipment. They are identical and can be used
interchangeably to charge either the SG or the Detector Unit (DU).
The SG is powered by completely sealed lead-acid batteries. These batteries are permanently installed
and may be replaced only by a trained technician. External back- up power can be supplied to the SG
through its external port – for more information see part 2 – Survey Procedure manual supplied as
separate document.
Use one of the battery chargers and its power cord to charge the SG as follows:
•Remove the black charging port cover on the SG (located on the front face of the casing).
Unscrew (anti-clockwise) and plug-in the matching charger lead connector.
•Plug in the mains (Power) lead into a mains supply socket outlet (the charger is a 120-
240VAC universal model with a 240VAC 3-pin Euro Plug provided). Make sure the mains
outlet is ‘live’. Note that the mains lead may need to be replaced – or the plug changed – to
suit other mains voltage supplied / outlet sockets.
•Press the SG ON button (located on the SG control panel). A series of messages will
appear in the SG’s LCD display which will stop at the message BATTERY A IS BEING
CHARGED. The computer-controlled charging program will cycle the batteries, charging
each in turn until they are close to being fully charged. At this point the message will
terminate and switch the unit off automatically.
NOTE; the batteries are shipped in a very low state of charge and it may thus take up to 60 hours of
continuous charging to reach a fully charged state. The unit should be left on charge until it turns itself
off. IMPORTANT: interrupting the initial charging cycle may seriously affect the ability of the batteries
ever to reach full capacity.

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2.2.3. Charging the Detector Unit (DU)
The DU can be powered by C cells or D cells depending on the model. The picture below shows
the two types.
The DU can be powered either by re-chargeable NiCad, NiMH batteries OR by alkaline
batteries. Only the NiCad / NiMH batteries can be charged using the following procedure.
Using the charger with alkaline batteries installed in the DU will result in damage to the unit.
There are three charging procedures:
(a) for charging NiCd / NiMH batteries that are not
completely exhausted (flat) DU off.
(b) for charging NiCd / NiMH batteries that are not
completely exhausted (flat) DU on.
(c) for charging completely exhausted (flat)
NiCad / NiMH batteries
The NiCad / NiMH batteries are completely exhausted (flat) when the DU display does not
activate after the I/O button on the display panel is pressed with the batteries installed.
There are two controls for the power supply to the DU:
1. The MAIN POWER switch (located in the battery compartment and normally left ON – see
Fig. 1a/b above.
2. For normal operational use the DU is switched ON and OFF by pressing the button marked
I/O on the DU display panel / control keypad.
Fig. 1b – Main Power Switch
D Cells
D Cells
4.5Ahr NiCd
On/Off Switch
C Cells
4.5Ah NiMH
On/Off Switch
Fig. 1a – Main Power Switch
C Cells

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•DO NOT USE THE CHARGER WHEN ALKALINE BATTERIES ARE INSTALLED
IN THE DU – overheating and possible damage will occur!
•NEVER use carbon/zinc or lithium-based batteries AT ANY TIME!
•NEVER user or charge a mix of different types of batteries!
•Unpack the six (6) NiCd / NiMH batteries and put them on one side. Locate the elongated
black plastic panel on the lower back spine (the battery compartment and main power switch
cover). Remove the panel using the large black knob. Now remove the two battery covers
using a coin (twist 90° anticlockwise), for D Cells, or unscrew for C Cells. Ensure the main
power switch in this compartment is OFF! Insert the batteries NEGATIVE (-ve) end first,
three to each battery compartment – see Fig. 2 on page 2-4 below.. Replace the battery
compartment covers and then switch the main power switch to ON.
•The LCD will now display the clock and date setting panels – see Figs 3a & 3b below - if
there is sufficient residual charge left in the batteries. The 1st charging procedure detailed in
Steps 1 thru 3 below may now be followed.
NOTE: If the display does not activate, re-open the battery compartment and turn the Main Switch
to OFF again, wait for 5 seconds, then switch it back to ON. If the display then activates, proceed
with steps 1 thru 3 below.
WARNING - WARNING - WARNING
+
-
Fi
g
. 2
–
Insertin
g
the batteries
Fig. 3a – Time Display screen Fig. 3b – Date Display screen

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Fig 4 – the Start screen
NOTE: Subsequent removal/ replacement of the batteries will necessitate this same date/time setting
procedure because these batteries power the clock. Hence the clock settings are lost every time the
batteries are removed or replaced or the Main Power Switch in the battery compartment is turned to
‘OFF’. Except Version 2 software that holds the clock with no batteries.
If the display still does not activate this indicates the NiCad / NiMH batteries are exhausted and the 3rd
charging procedure detailed in Step 4 below must be followed. Proceed to 2nd charging procedure below.
Note also that up to this point no buttons have been pushed on the DU display panel. The only switch that
has been activated is the Main Power Switch in the battery compartment.
WARNING! In all below procedures the mains switch must be on before the charger is
attached..
•1st charging procedure (for partially discharged NiCad / NiMH batteries and DU
switched off)
Locate the battery charger port to (the black connector below the battery compartment cover).
Unscrew the port cover and attach the battery charger to this port. Connect the charger power
cord to a mains outlet socket. Make sure the mains outlet is ‘live’.
Switch on DU by I/O key. Charge should commence at charge screen (Fig.5b below)
•2nd charging procedure (for partially discharged NiCad / NiMH batteries and DU
already switched on)
Step 1 Locate the battery charger port (by the black
connector below the battery compartment cover).
Unscrew the port cover and attach the battery charger to this port.
Connect the charger power cord to a mains outlet socket. Make
sure the mains outlet is ‘live’.
Step 2 To begin the automatic charging cycle Press MENU on the Start screen – see
Fig. 4 above. The display will now show the Menu screen – see Fig. 5a below. Press CHARGE
(lower RH corner) and after a few seconds the Charge screen will appear – see Fig. 5b below.
Fig. 5a – the Menu screen Fig. 5b – the Charge screen

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This indicates a timer that counts backwards, the time displayed being the maximum time
allowed to charge the batteries. If the batteries are charged before that time has expired
(counted down to zero) charging will be terminated and the unit switched off automatically.
If it is necessary to terminate the charging cycle before the batteries are fully charged and the
unit has turned itself off, the charging cycle may be ended by pressing the Xkey.
Step 3 The charging process is a rapid cycle program and is automatic. It will terminate
when the batteries are fully charged. Once it is activated the automatic timer provides adequate
time for exhausted batteries to be fully charged. Hence it should not be necessary to re-run the
charging program once it has completed the process automatically.
NOTE: attaching the charger whilst the unit is turned off at the I/O switch (but the Main Power Switch
must be ON) will automatically trickle-charge the batteries. IMPORTANT: if the unit is switched on at
the I/O button whilst the charger is attached, the unit will go into charge mode automatically (1st
charging procedure).
•3rd charging procedure (for completely exhausted NiCad / NiMH batteries DU will not
switch on)
Step 4 Make sure the Main Power Switch in the battery compartment is ON position.
Connect the charger power cord to the mains supply outlet socket. Make sure the socket is
‘live’. Leave the charger attached for a 30 minutes – applies to units D/1669 or later. The
charger will now charge the batteries. When the batteries have been charged sufficiently the
unit will automatically turn on and continue the charge cycle. If unit fails to switch on, disconnect
the charger, switch off (at switch) for 5 seconds, then on again – then proceed to 2nd charging
procedure, step 1 above.
WARNING! In all above procedures the main switch must be ON before the charger is
attached..
NOTE: Attaching charger without batteries will start the detector in charge mode. Since there are no
batteries, they will not be charged. System will switch off in 4 hours or can be aborted by pressing the X
key.
If this has been done, disconnect the charger, switch the switch to OFF, insert batteries, switch to ON.
Then proceed to 2nd charging procedure, step 1 above.

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General Guidance Notes on the batteries used in the C-SCAN System.
GGN 1 C-Scan Signal Generator (SG)
The power supply for the SG can be augmented by connecting an external 12 volt vehicle type
battery via the connecting cables (black and red leads with fuses and ‘crocodile’ clips) supplied
and stored in the lid of the SG casing.
The lead is plugged into the dual purpose charging/external power supply port on the front of
the SG casing and the red and black clips attached to the appropriate polarity post connectors
of the vehicle battery. When it is turned on, the SG will ‘recognize’ that external power is
available and will utilize this source until the battery loses its charge. If the external power
source is exhausted, the SG will automatically switch over to its internal batteries thus ensuring
that no break occurs in the survey process.
The batteries in the SG are of the completely sealed, non-spillable, lead-acid type. They must
be kept charged to ensure a long life. If the SG is to be inactive for any length of time – e.g in
excess of one month - it will be necessary to place the unit on a booster charge to maintain its
power level. To do this, attach the battery charger and press the I/O button to begin the
charging process. The unit will turn itself off when a full charge is accomplished.
The unit does not trickle-charge. It will be necessary to repeat the booster charging process
more than once if the unit is inactive for longer periods: every 30 days will be sufficient.
GGN 2 C-Scan Detector Unit (DU)
The Detector unit uses six (6) D-cell or C-Cell batteries. They can be rechargeable NiCd / NiMH
or Alkaline batteries. NEVER mix battery types. If the installed batteries run low in the field
during a survey, they can be changed in the field without affecting data already stored. The
replacement batteries can be of either type but all in the group of 6 must be of the SAME type.
Never attempt to re-charge Alkaline batteries in the DU or damage will result.
The DU draws a small amount of current from the batteries when it is switched off at the
Control/Display Panel I/O switch, but with the main power switch left ON. If left for a long period
in this state the power in the batteries will eventually be reduced to zero. If the unit is to be
inactive for a period of time, either remove the batteries completely OR switch the Main Power
Switch to Off. If the unit is to be shipped or stored it is recommended that the batteries be
removed for safety reasons.
Leaving Alkaline batteries in a stored DU - even with the Main Power Switch Off - may result in
battery corruption and leakage, causing internal damage to the DU.
IMPORTANT FEATURE: Survey Data Storage is NOT affected by the removal of the batteries.
However, be sure to use reasonably fresh batteries when downloading data from the DU.

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2.3. Getting Started
2.3.1 The display screen and keypad
The C-SCAN 2010 is the next generation design in the 2000 series Pipeline Survey System.
The system increases the speed and accuracy and includes more statistical features for
noise reduction, including:
•Built in Global Positioning System (GPS) unit for precision position indication.
•Attenuations can be calculated using GPS position information
•Full graphic interface allows the displaying of data without the use of a laptop or PC. The
Search facility displays:
•Pipeline position
•GPS position
•Approximate Depth/Cover
•Pipeline diameter
•Survey and location number
•Facility for recording pipeline
diameter and wall thickness.
•Display of approximate coating
conductance in µS/m2.
•Display of approximate coating
resistance in Wm2
•Symbol inclusion for landscape
features
•Graphs include:
Attenuation – by chainage or
increment
Depth – cover or to centre line
Current – including close interval
plots
GPS position – show the plan of the
pipeline
•Full compatibility with DCAPP for Excel included in C-SCAN 2000
•Software upgradeable via PC
For more details of the display mode screen and the keypad layout see Figs. 6 and 7 below.

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Overhead Locator Bar
Pipeline Position indicator
GPS position
Signal strength indicator
Pipeline Diameter
Distance to Pipeline
Approx. Depth to centre or cover
Approx. Current
Where possible, all displays are language independent, with graphic icons representing features
or functions:
Depth to Centre
Depth to top (cover)
Current
Attenuation
Chainage
Distance
Symbols relating to landscape
features such as trees, walls,
fences, roads, rivers, pylons, etc
Symbol for GPS
Fig. 6 – The Search Screen Mode Display Screen

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ON / OFF key
14 Function keys
Help key
Back key
Enter key
Download key
LCD contrast key
NO key (8)
YES key (9)
GPS Indicator
(not available on all
models
)
Fig. 7 – Keypad layout

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2.3.2. Quick Start
2.3.2.1 Start-up Screen (GPS Off)
Fig. 8 (right) shows the Start-up screen. Note
the GPS sub-system is turned Off at this stage.
To switch the GPS ON press the key adjacent
to the GPS symbol
After a few seconds the screen will change to
GPS ON: note this does not mean the GPS has
acquired the signal, only that it is searching.
The pipe symbol (bottom row first from left)
indicates that the pipeline diameter has not
been entered for this survey:
Note that calculated conductance, resistance and cover data cannot be displayed unless the
pipeline diameter is entered. The symbol will flash as a reminder of this.
To enter the pipeline diameter, press the key adjacent to the flashing pipe symbol. The Pipeline
Specification screen is now displayed:
2.3.2.2 Pipeline Specification screen
Fig. 9 (right) shows the Pipeline Specification Screen.
Using the keys adjacent to the appropriate OD
box (OD Up or OD Down), scroll to the outside
diameter required.
Using the keys adjacent to the appropriate Wall
box (Wall Up or Wall Down), scroll to the wall
thickness required.
Note that wall thickness may not be known; in which case select the “???”option. Calculation
of conductance will then change slightly as an average will be taken. The resulting error will not
be significant.
When complete, press the 9key (bottom RH corner) to continue.
Fig. 8 – the Start-up screen
Fig. 9 – the Pipeline Specification screen

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2.3.2.3. Pipeline Specification Confirmation
The final pipeline specification selection will now
be shown – see Fig. 10 right. If correct, press
the key adjacent to the 9sign again to continue.
If further editing of the specification is required,
press the key adjacent to the 8sign to return to
the Pipeline Specification screen.
When the tick symbol key is pressed the display
will return to the Start-up screen.
2.3.2.4 Start-up screen (GPS ON)
Fig. 11 (right) shows the Start-up screen with
GPS ON. As the pipeline specification has now
been entered, the SEARCH symbol (magnifying
glass in bottom LH corner box) will be
flashing, indicating that the instrument is now
ready to make a survey.
To start the survey, press the key adjacent to
the Search symbol.
The Search screen will now be displayed –
see Fig. 6 on page 11 above, together with
specific task repeats of this screen at
Figs. 13 on page 15 and 14 & 15 on page 16 below.
Fig. 10 – the Pipeline Specification
Confirmation screen
Fig. 11 – The Start-up screen (GPS ON)

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2.3.3. Search
In this example, from the
Search screen display – see
Fig 13 right – it can be seen
that the pipeline is located
behind and to the right of the
current position of the
Detector Unit (DU) – see
Fig, 12 left.
As the DU is turned so the indicator in the centre of the screen will rotate.
NOTE: The circle equals a 2 metre (approx. 6ft 6”) distance. If the pipeline is greater than 2 metres away
then the line will stay in the boundary. The number above the circle indicates the horizontal distance in
metres (1.2m in this example). If the pipeline is out of range no figure will be displayed. It is not possible
to give accurate figures when the DU is not directly over the pipeline, so all numbers shown are
approximate (indicated by the ~ symbol).
In this example depth to the centre is 1.3m. To change this to depth of cover, press the key
adjacent to the cover symbol ( - bottom LH corner box). Note that if the pipeline diameter has
not been entered, this symbol will not be shown.
The GPS status indication is showing a ‘BAD’ signal – i.e: no satellites in view.
NOTE: If the GPS has just been powered up, this ‘BAD’ signal will be displayed. Acquisition times vary
from 10 secs to 45 mins. If the DU has been moved a large distance – or this is the first time that the DU
has been used – the acquisition time will be likely to be nearer to 45 mins. It is important that the DU
(with GPS ON) is switched on for at least 15 minutes after a position is displayed; this will ensure a fast
turn-on next time. After acquisition, the display will show ‘GOOD’ plus the number of satellites available.
Fig. 12 – diagram showing the
position of the DU relative to the
pipeline as indicated on the
Search screen
Fig. 13 – the Search screen

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Pressing the key adjacent to the GPS POS box (bottom RH corner) will change the display from
the number of satellites to the Latitude & Longitude position of the DU – see Figs. 14 & 15
below.
Move the DU towards the pipeline until the horizontal distance indicator is as close to zero as
possible. The right and left-hand black bars at the top of the display screen shown the precise
overhead position when they are as close together as possible.
Two newly available function keys are now displayed:
- the CALCULATION key, below the ≈►= symbol.
and
- the CLOSE key, below the ‘Close’ box
The CALCULATION key takes a large sample and converts the approximate readings into
accurate data.
NOTE: it is important that the DU is held stationary and perpendicular to the pipeline after the
CALCULATION key is pressed. Any movement will upset the readings and result in data errors.
The CLOSE key is for CLOSE INTERVAL CURRENT SURVEY. This is discussed in Section
4.8 later in this manual.
Keep the instrument still and press the CALCULATION key (≈►=) now.
NOTE: if the DU is in DEMO mode the display will be continually changing. Press the CALCULATION
key when its symbol (
≈ ►=) appears.
Fig. 14 – GPS signal ‘GOOD’
with number of satellites shown
Fig. 15 – Latitude / Longitude in
this example is for Bristol UK

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2.3.4. Calculate
After a small delay (indicated by the hour-glass symbol with
a count to 300) the screen will display the calculated figures
– see Fig. 16 right. Statistical analysis shows the error
function for depth and current (shown as +/- 0.00 in this
example).
Three newly available keys are now displayed:
•STATS – this gives the statistical breakdown
of the samples taken.
•STORE [ ]- this stores the data and continues to
the next screen – see Fig. 17 below
•RE-CALCULATE [ ]- this re-takes the
sample and re-calculates the data.
Press the STORE [] key now.
2.3.5. Store Data
As this was the first point of the survey there
is no other point of reference with which to calculate
attenuation, conductance and resistance, so
this point is designated the START POINT.
NOTE: pressing
8 the key returns to the SEARCH mode,
and data stored by pressing the STORE key is removed.
Two newly available keys are now displayed:
VISIBLE FEATURE [ ] – this enables
a graphic icon representing a landscape feature
to be noted and tagged on to the data. The icons
are self-evident – for a full list see page 11 above.
CHAINAGE [ ] – this allows absolute distance to be entered – e.g. a pipeline
Distance marker – rather than referencing from zero (relative) – see Fig. 17 above.
NOTE: for this example only relative distances are used. Chainage is covered in Section 4.5 later in this
manual.
Fig. 16 – the Calculate screen
Fig. 17 – the Store Data screen

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Fig. 18 – the Start Point screen
Press the STORE []key now.
This is the final screen before data is permanently stored –
see Fig. 18 right.
Pressing the key below the X box will revert to the previous
screen.
Pressing the key below the 9box will return to the Start-up
screen.
This screen shows:
•depth ( ) (cover ( ) will show ‘?’ if pipeline
diameter is not entered)
•current ( )
•Distance between previous location point (│↔│)
n.b. as this is the first point (→#000 = 000m) is shown
•Chainage (→│) (0m)
•and survey number (S#00).
Press the 9key now.
That is the first survey point completed.
2.3.6. Entering Distance
Move down the pipeline to the next location (at least 100m for this test). Go through the above
procedures again until the STORE DATA screen is shown – Fig.17 on page 17.
If it is set into ‘DEMO MODE’ the DU will automatically call the next data point.
This point – i.e. the second point on
the survey – will obviously show different
data from the start point. Two choices are
now possible – see Fig. 19 right.
1. Use the distance calculated by the GPS
(shown as GPS:016m in this example).
2. Enter the distance manually.
To use the GPS press the key above the
USE GPS box. To enter the distance manually,
just use the numerical keypad.
If you have not entered the distance manually,
press the USE GPS key now.
Fig. 19 – Distance Screen 1

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Fig. 21 – Distance Screen 3
Fig. 20 – Distance Screen 2
The distance from the start point (#000→#001) is now
entered as 16m – see Fig 20 right.
NOTE: you may change your mind at this point and enter the
distance manually by pressing they key below the go-back arrow
box (←).
The +/- box key is used to change direction; POSITIVE (+ve)
distances are away from the Signal Generator (SG) –
NEGATIVE (-ve) distances are towards the SG.
Press the STORE [] key now.
This is the final screen before the data
is permanently stored.
Data now on display – see Fig. 21 right –
is as before:
•Depth
•Cover
•Current
•Distance │↔│(16m)
•This Point (#001)
•Last Point (#000)
•Chainage →│(16m)
Plus newly displayed data on this screen:
•CONDUCTANCE (µS/m2– micro-siemens per sq.metre
•RESISTANCE (kΏ/ m2 – kilohms per sq.metre
these relate to the coating condition allowing for pipe diameter and wall thickness.
and finally - ATTENUATION
The attenuation value (mb/m or mb/ft) is the absolute rate of loss of signal current from, the
pipeline over the section #000 - #001. It is independent of the value of the initial signal set on
the signal generator and of the ground conditions. It is solely determined by the average
condition of the coating between the two locations and by the area of pipeline coating in contact
with the ground, per metre (or per foot) of pipeline – or in other words: the pipeline diameter.
For a pipeline of a given diameter, the attenuation value is an absolute indicator of wrap
condition; the lower the figure, the better. If comparing two pipelines of different diameters but
with identical wrap condition, the attenuation values will be proportional to the diameter.
Press the 9key now to continue.

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2.3.7. Graphs
The next screen allows graphs to be plotted on the screen to provide the operator with a quick
method of viewing the data so far acquired, without having to download to a computer.
The newly available keys are now:
GPS POSITION PLOT [ ] – this shows a plan view of
the pipeline to scale.
ATTENUATION PLOT [ ] – this shows a bar graph of
the attenuation on this section of the pipeline
CURRENT PLOT [ ] – this shows the absolute current
over the surveyed sections
DEPTH PLOT [ ]- this shows the depth to:
•the centre-line [ ] of the pipeline
•or cover [ ].
That is the procedure – now just practice by continuing with your survey.
Fig. 22 – the Graphs screen