Ebyte E22-400T30DC User manual

E22-400T30DC User Manual
SX1262 433/470MHz 1W LoRa Module

CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 FEATURES.................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 APPLICATION................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2. SPECIFICATION AND PARAMETER..................................................................................... 5
2.1 LIMIT PARAMETER.........................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 OPERATING PARAMETER................................................................................................................................................5
3 SIZE AND PIN DEFINITION.........................................................................................................6
4. CONNECT TO MCU...................................................................................................................... 8
5 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................... 9
5.1 FIXED TRANSMISSION....................................................................................................................................................9
5.2 BROADCASTING TRANSMISSION.................................................................................................................................... 9
5.3 BROADCASTING ADDRESS............................................................................................................................................. 9
5.4 MONITOR ADDRESS.....................................................................................................................................................10
5.5 RESET..........................................................................................................................................................................10
5.6 AUX DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................................................10
5.6.1 Indication of UART output..................................................................................................................................
10
5.6.2 Indication of wireless transmitting...................................................................................................................... 11
5.6.3 Configuration procedure of module.................................................................................................................... 11
5.6.4 Notes for AUX...................................................................................................................................................... 11
6 OPERATING MODE..................................................................................................................... 12
6.1 MODE SWITCHING....................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.2 NORMAL MODE（MODE 0）...................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3 WOR MODE（MODE 1）........................................................................................................................................... 13
6.4 CONFIGURATION MODE（MODE 2）.......................................................................................................................... 13
6.5 DEEP SLEEP MODE（MODE 3）..................................................................................................................................14
7 REGISTER READ AND WRITE CONTROL............................................................................14
7.1 COMMAND FORMAT.....................................................................................................................................................14
7.2 REGISTER DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................................................. 15
7.3 FACTORY DEFAULT PARAMETER...................................................................................................................................17
8 REPEATER NETWORKING MODE..........................................................................................17

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9 CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS ON COMPUTER.........................................................18
10 HARDWARE DESIGN................................................................................................................ 19
11 FAQ................................................................................................................................................ 20
11.1 COMMUNICATION RANGE IS TOO SHORT....................................................................................................................20
11.2 MODULE IS EASY TO DAMAGE.................................................................................................................................. 20
11.3 BER(BIT ERROR RATE)IS HIGH............................................................................................................................. 21
12 PRODUCTION GUIDANCE...................................................................................................... 21
12.1 REFLOW SOLDERING TEMPERATURE......................................................................................................................... 21
12.2 REFLOW SOLDERING CURVE......................................................................................................................................22
13 E22 SERIES.................................................................................................................................. 22
14 ANTENNA RECOMMENDATION.........................................................................................23
15 PACKAGE FOR BATCH ORDER.............................................................................................24
ABOUT US......................................................................................................................................... 24

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Disclaimer
EBYTE reserves all rights to this document and the information contained herein.
Products, names, logos and designs described herein may in whole or in part be
subject to intellectual property rights. Reproduction, use, modification or disclosure to
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The information contained herein is provided “as is” and EBYTE assumes no
liability for the use of the information. No warranty, either express or implied, is given,
including but not limited, with respect to the accuracy, correctness, reliability and
fitness for a particular purpose of the information. This document may be revised by
EBYTE at any time. For most recent documents, visit www.ebyte.com.

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1. Overview
1.1 Introduction
E22-400T30DC is new lora module (UART) based on
SEMTECH's SX1262 RF chip. It has multiple transmission modes
working at 410.125 ～493.125MHz, LoRa spread spectrum
technology, TTL level output, compatible with 3.3V and 5V IO port
voltage.
Compared with SX1278 , SX1262 solution has a longer transmission distance, faster speed, lower power
consumption, and smaller size. It supports functions such as wake-up in the air, wireless configuration, carrier monitoring,
automatic repeater, and communication key, and packet length setting, customized development services are available.
1.2 Features
Based on SX1262 LoRa technology, it enables longer distance and better anti-interference ability.
Automatic relay networking, multi-stage relay is suitable for ultra-long distance communication, multiple networks
running in the same area are running simultaneously;
Users to set their own communication keys and cannot be read, which greatly improves the confidentiality of user
data;
RSSI for evaluating signal quality, improving communication network, and ranging;
With LBT for monitoring channel environmental noise before sending data, and for improving communication;
Wireless parameter configuration, send command data packets wirelessly, remotely configure or read wireless
module parameters;
Wake-on-air, that is, ultra-low power consumption function, suitable for battery-powered applications;
With fixed-point transmission, broadcast transmission, and channel monitoring;
Global license-free ISM 433MHz and 470Mhz for meter reading；
In deep sleep mode, power consumption is 2uA；
With PA+LNA, communication distance tested is up to 6 km；
The parameters are saved after power-off. After power-on, the module will work according to the set parameters.
High-efficiency watchdog design, once an exception occurs, the module will automatically restart and continue to
work according to the previous parameter settings;
Air date rate of 0.3kbps～62.5kbps;
3.3V~5.5V power supply, power supply over 5.0 V can guarantee the best performance；
Industrial grade standard design, support -40 ~ 85 °C for working over a long time；
SMA-K interface for external antenna.

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1.3 Application
Home security alarm and remote keyless entry；
Smart home and industrial sensors；
Wireless alarm security system；
Building automation solutions；
Wireless industrial-grade remote control；
Health care products；
Advanced Meter Reading Architecture(AMI)；
Automotive industry applications.
2. Specification and parameter
2.1 Limit parameter
Main parameter
Performance
Remark
Min.
Max.
Power supply（V）
0
5.5
Voltage over 5.5V will cause permanent
damage to module
Blocking power（dBm）
-
10
Chances of burn is slim when modules are
used in short distance
Operating temperature（℃）
-40
85
/
2.2 Operating parameter
Main parameter
Performance
Remark
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Operating voltage（V）
3.3
5.0
5.5
≥5.0 V ensures output power
Communication level（V）
3.3
For 5V TTL, It is recommended to add
level conversion
Operating temperature（℃）
-40
-
85
Industrial design
Operating frequency（MHz）
410.125
-
493.125
Support ISM band
Power
consumpti
on
TX current（mA）
610
Instant power consumption
RX current（mA）
16
Sleep current（uA）
2
Software is shut down
Max Tx power（dBm）
29.5
30.0
30.5
Receiving sensitivity（dBm）
-146
-147
-148
Air data rate is 2.4kbps
Air data rate（bps）
0.3k
2.4k
62.5k
Controlled via user’s programming

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Main parameter
Description
Remark
Distance for reference
10km
Test condition：clear and open area, antenna gain: 5dBi，
antenna height: 2.5m，air data rate: 2.4kbps
TX length
240 Byte
Can be configured via command as 32/64/128/240 bytes
per packet to transmit
Buffer
1000 Byte
Modulation
LoRa
Communication interface
UART
Package
DIP
Connector
1*7*2.54mm
Size
24*43mm
Antenna
SMA-K
50 ohm impedance
3 Size and pin definition

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No.
Name
Direction
Function
1
M0
Input
（weak pull-up）
Work with M1 to decide 4 working modes of module (not suspended, if not
used, could be grounded).
2
M1
Input
（weak pull-up）
Work with M0 to decide 4 working modes of module (not suspended, if not
used, could be grounded).
3
RXD
Input
TTL UART inputs, connects to external (MCU, PC) TXD output pin. Can be
configured as open-drain or pull-up input. Ground
4
TXD
Output
TTL UART outputs, connects to external RXD (MCU, PC) input pin. Can be
configured as open-drain or push-pull output
5
AUX
Output
To indicate module ’ s working status & wakes up the external MCU. During the
procedure of self-check initialization, the pin outputs low level. Can be
configured as push-pull output (can be suspended).
6
VCC
Input
Power supply ：3.3~ 5.5V DC
7
GND
Input
Ground
8
Fixed hole
Fixed hole
9
Fixed hole
Fixed hole
10
Fixed hole
Fixed hole
11
Fixed hole
Fixed hole

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4. Connect to MCU
No.
Description（STM8L MCU）
1
The UART module is TTL level.
2
For some MCU works at 5VDC, it may need to add 4-10K pull-up resistor for the TXD & AUX pin.

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5 Function description
5.1 Fixed transmission
5.2 Broadcasting transmission
5.3 Broadcasting address
For example: Set the address of module A as 0xFFFF or 0x0000, and the channel as 0x04;
When module is the transmitter (transparent transmission), all modules under channel 0x04 will receive the data, the purpose of

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broadcast is realized.
5.4 Monitor address
For example: Set the address of module A as 0xFFFF or 0x0000, and the channel as 0x04;
When module A is the receiver, it can receive the data sent from all modules under channel 0x04, the purpose of monitor is
realized.
5.5 Reset
When the module is powered, AUX outputs low level immediately, conducts hardware self-check and sets the operating mode based
on user’s parameters. During the process, the AUX remains low level. After the process completed, the AUX outputs high level and
starts to work as per the operating mode combined by M1 and M0. Therefore, users need to wait the AUX rising edge as the start of
module’s normal work.
5.6 AUX description
AUX Pin can be used as indication for wireless send & receive buffer and self-check.
It can indicate whether there are data that are not sent yet via wireless way, or whether all wireless data has been sent through
UART, or whether the module is still in the process of self-check initialization.
5.6.1 Indication of UART output
To wake up external MCU

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5.6.2 Indication of wireless transmitting
Buffer (empty): the internal 1000 bytes data in the buffer are written to the RFIC (Auto sub-packaging). When AUX=1, the user
can input data less than 1000 bytes continuously without overflow. Buffer (not empty): when AUX=0, the internal 1000 bytes data in
the buffer have not been written to the RFIC completely. If the user starts to transmit data at this circumstance, it may cause overtime
when the module is waiting for the user data, or transmitting wireless sub package.When AUX = 1, it does not mean that all the UART
data of the module have been transmitted already, perhaps the last packet of data is still in transmission.
5.6.3 Configuration procedure of module
Only happened when power-on resetting or exiting sleep mode
5.6.4 Notes for AUX
No.
Description
1
For function 1 & function 2 mentioned above, the priority should be given to the one with low level output, which means if it
meets each of any low level output condition, AUX outputs low level, if none of the low level condition is met, AUX outputs
high level.
2
When AUX outputs low level, it means the module is busy & cannot conduct operating mode checking. Within 1ms since AUX
outputs high level, the mode switch will be completed.
3
After switching to new operating mode, it will not work in the new mode immediately until AUX rising edge lasts for 2ms . If
AUX stays on the high level, the operating mode switch can be effected immediately.

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4
When the user switches to other operating modes from mode 3 (sleep mode) or it’s still in reset process, the module will reset
user parameters, during which AUX outputs low level.
6 Operating mode
There are four operating modes, which are set by M1 and M0, the details are as follows:
Mode(0-3)
M1
M0
Description
Remark
0 Normal mode
0
0
UART and wireless channel are open, transparent transmission
is on
Supports configuration over air via
special command
1 WOR mode
0
1
Can be defined as WOR transmitter and WOR receiver
Supports wake up over air
2 Configuration mode
1
0
Users can access the register through the serial port to control
the working state of the module
3 Deep sleep mode
1
1
Sleep mode
6.1 Mode switching
No.
Remark
1
Users can combine M1 and M0 with high and low levels to determine the operating mode. Two GPIOs of the MCU can
be used to control mode switching;
After changing M1 and M0: If the module is idle, after 1ms, it can start working according to the new mode;
If the serial port data of the module has not been transmitted through the wireless, the new working mode can be
switched after the transmission is completed;
If the module receives the wireless data and transmits the data through the serial port, it needs to finish transmission
before switching the new working mode;
Therefore, mode switching can only be valid when AUX output is 1, otherwise it will delay switching.
2
For example, users continuously inputs a large amount of data and simultaneously performs mode switching. At this
time, the switching mode operation is invalid; the module will process all the user data before performing the new mode
detection;
Therefore, the general recommendation is to detect the output state of the AUX pin and switch after 2ms when the
output is high.
3
When the module is switched from other modes to sleep mode, if the data has not been processed yet;
The module will process these data (including receiving and sending) before entering sleep mode. This feature can be
used for fast sleep, which saves power; for example, the transmitter module works in mode 0, the user transmits the
serial port data "12345", and then does not have to wait for the AUX pin to be idle (high level), and can directly switch
to sleep mode. And the user's main MCU immediately sleeps, the module will automatically transmit the user data
through the wireless, and automatically enters sleep within 1ms;
This saves MCU's working time and reduces power consumption.

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4
Similarly, any mode switching can use this feature. After the module processes the current mode event, it will
automatically enter the new mode within 1ms; thus eliminating the need for the user to query AUX and achieve the
purpose of fast switching;
For example, switching from the transmit mode to the receive mode; the user MCU can also enter sleep before the mode
switch, and use the external interrupt function to acquire the AUX change, thereby performing mode switching.
5
This operation mode is very flexible and efficient, and is designed according to the user's MCU's operation convenience,
and can reduce the workload of the entire system as much as possible, improve system efficiency, and reduce power
consumption.
6.2 Normal mode（Mode 0）
Type
M0 = 0，M1 = 0
Transmitting
Users can input data through the serial port and the module will start wireless transmission.
Receiving
The module wireless receiving function is turned on, and after receiving the wireless data, it will be output through the serial
port TXD pin.
6.3 WOR mode（Mode 1）
Type
M0 = 1，M1 =0
Transmitting
When defined as a transmitting party, a preamble is automatically added before transmitting.
Receiving
It can receive data normally, the receiving function is the same as mode 0.
6.4 Configuration mode（Mode 2）
Type
M0 = 0，M1 = 1
Transmitting
Wireless transmitting off
Receiving
Wireless receiving off
Configuration
Users can access the registers to configure the module's operation state.

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6.5 Deep sleep mode（Mode 3）
Type
M0 = 1，M1 = 1
Transmitting
Unable to transmit wireless data
Receiving
Unable to receive wireless data
Note
When from the sleep mode to other modes, the module will reconfigure the parameters. During the configuration process,
AUX will remain low; After configuration,it outputs high level, we suggest that user test rising edge AUX.
7 Register read and write control
7.1 Command format
In configuration mode (mode 2: M1 = 1, M0 = 0), the list of supported commands are as follows (9600, 8N1 for configuration )：
No.
Command format
Description
1
Set register
Command: C0+starting address+length+parameters
Response: C1+starting address+length+parameters
E.g 1: Channel is 0x09
command starting address length parameter
Send: C0 05 01 09
Returen: C1 05 01 09
E.g 2: Configure module address (0x1234), network address (0x00), serial port (9600 8N1) and air data rate
(1.2K).
Send: C0 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return: C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
2
Read register
Command: C1+starting address+parameters
Response: C1+starting address+length+parameters
E.g 1：Read channel
command starting address length parameter
Send: C1 05 01
Returen: C1 05 01 09
E.g 2: Read module address, network address, serial port and air data rate.
Send: C1 00 04
Return: C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
3
Set temporary
registers
Command: C2+starting address+parameters
Response: C1+starting address+length+parameters
E.g 1: Channel is 0x09
command starting address length parameter
Send: C2 05 01 09
Returen: C1 05 01 09
E.g 2: Configure module address (0x1234), network address (0x00), serial port (9600 8N1) and air data rate
(1.2K).

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Send: C2 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return: C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
5
Wireless
configuration
Command: CF CF + normal command
Respond：CF CF + normal respond
E.g 1: Channel is 0x09
Command head command starting address length parameter
Send: CF CF C0 05 01 09
Returen: CF CF C1 05 01 09
E.g 2: Configure module address (0x1234), network address (0x00), serial port (9600 8N1) and air data rate
(1.2K).
Send: CF CF C2 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return: CF CF C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
6
Wrong format
Wrong format respond: FF FF FF
7.2 Register description
Address
Read or
write
Name
Description
Remark
00H
Read/Wr
ite
ADDH
ADDH（default 0）
The module address is high byte and low byte. Note:
When the module address is FFFF, it can be used as
the broadcast and monitor address, that is the module
will not perform address filtering.
01H
Read/Wr
ite
ADDL
ADDL（default 0）
02H
Read/Wr
ite
NETID
NETID（default 0）
Network address, used to distinguish the network.
When communicating with each other, they should
be set to the same.
03H
Read/Wr
ite
REG0
7，6，5 UART: Serial port rate（bps）
000: 1200
001: 2400
010: 4800
011: 9600（default）
100: 19200
101: 38400
110: 57600
111: 115200
---------------------------------------
4，3：Serial parity bit
00：8N1（default）
01：8O1
10：8E1
11：8N1（equal to 00）
-----------------------------------
2，1，0，air data rate
000: 0.3k
001: 1.2k
010: 2.4k（default）
011: 4.8k
100: 9.6k
101: 19.2k
110: 38.4k
111: 62.5k
For the two modules that communicate with each
other, the serial port baud rate can be different, and
the verification method can also be different.
When transmitting large packets continuously, users
need to consider the data blocking caused by the
same baud rate, and data may even be lost. It is
generally recommended that both parties have the
same baud rate.
---------------------------------------
Both parties must be the same
The higher the rate, the shorter the distance

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04H
Read/Wr
ite
REG1
7，6：Sub packet setting
00: 240 bytes（default）
01: 128 bytes
10: 64 bytes
11: 32 bytes
--------------------------------------
5：RSSI Ambient noise enable
1: Enable
0: Disable（default）
--------------------------------------
4，3，2 Reserve
--------------------------------------
1，0：Transmitting power
00：30dbm（default）
01：27dbm
10：24dbm
11：21dbm
When the data is smaller than the sub packet length,
the serial output of the receiving end is an
uninterrupted continuous output.
When the data is larger than the sub packet length,
the receiving end serial port will output the sub
packet.
--------------------------------------------
When enabled, the C0 C1 C2 C3 command can be
sent in the transmitting mode or WOR transmitting
mode to read the register.
Register 0x00: Current ambient noise rssi
Register 0X01: rssi when the data was received last
time.
（Current channel noise is: dBm = -（256 - RSSI））
Command format: C0 C1 C2 C3 + starting address +
read length
Returns: C1 + address address + read length + read valid
value
E.g: send C0 C1 C2 C3 00 01
Return C1 00 01 rssi
----------------------------------
Power and current are nonlinear, and power
efficiency is highest at maximum power.
The current does not decrease in proportion to the
decrease in power.
05H
Read/Wr
ite
REG2
Channel control（CH）
0-83 represents a total of 84 channels
Frequency= 410.125 + CH *1M
06H
Read/Wr
ite
REG3
7 Enable RSSI
1：Enable
0：Disable（default）
--------------------------------------
6，Transmission mode
1：Fixed point transmission mode
0：Transparent transmission mode
（default）
---------------------------------------
5 Enable repeater
1：Enable repeater function
0：Disable repeater function(default)
--------------------------------------
4 LBT enable (monitor before
transmission)
1：Enable
0：Disable（default）
--------------------------------------
3 WOR transceiver control
1：WOR transmitter
The module receiving and
transmitting functions are turned on, and a
wake-up code is added when transmitting data.
Receiving is turned on.
0：WOR receiver（default）
When enabled, the module receives wireless data
and it will follow an RSSI strength byte after output
via the serial port TXD
.---------------------------------------
The module recognizes the first three bytes of the
serial data as: address high + address low + channel
and takes it as the wireless transmitting target.
---------------------------------------
After the reply function is enabled, if the target
address is not the module itself, the module will
forward it once.
In order to prevent data return-back, it is
recommended to use it in conjunction with the fixed
point mode. That is: the target address is different
from the source address.
----------------------------------------
When enabled, wireless data will be monitored
before it is transmitted, which can avoid interference
to a certain extent, but may cause data delay.
----------------------------------------
Valid only for mode 1.
After the WOR receiver receives the wireless data
and outputs it through the serial port, it will wait for
1000ms before entering the WOR again. Users can
input the serial port data and return it via the wireless
during this period. Each serial byte will be refreshed
for 1000ms. Users must transmit the first byte within
1000ms.
---------------------------------------------
Valid only for mode 1.
Period T = (1 + WOR) * 500ms, maximum 4000ms,

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The module is unable to transmit data
and works in WOR monitoring mode. The
monitoring period is as follows (WOR cycle),
which can save a lot of power.
---------------------------------------
2，1，0，WOR cycle
000：500ms
001：1000ms
010：1500ms
011：2000ms
100：2500ms
101：3000ms
110：3500ms
111：4000ms
minimum 500ms
The longer the WOR monitoring interval period, the
lower the average power consumption, but the
greater the data delay
Both the transmitter and the receiver must be the
same (very important).
07H
Write
CRYPT_
H
Key high byte (default 0）
Write only, read returns 0
Used for user encryption to avoid intercepting
airborne wireless data by similar modules.
The module will internally use these two bytes as a
calculation factor to transform and encrypt the
over-the-air wireless signal.
08H
Write
CRYPT_
L
Key low byte (default 0)
80H~
86H
Read
only
PID
Product information 7 bytes
Product information 7 bytes
7.3 Factory default parameter
Factory default parameters：C0 00 00 62 00 17
Model No.
Frequency
Address
Channel
Air data rate
Baud rate
Parity format
Power
E22-400T30DC
433MHz
0x0000
0x17
2.4kbps
9600
8N1
30dBm
8 Repeater networking mode
No.
Description
1
After setting the repeater mode by configuration, switch to the normal mode and the repeater starts working.
2
In the repeater mode, ADDH, ADDL are no longer used as the module address, but is correspondingly paired with the NETID. If
the data of one of the networks is received, it is forwarded to another network. The network ID of the repeater itself is invalid.
3
In repeater mode, the repeater module cannot transmit and receive data, and cannot perform low-power operation.
4
The user enters the other mode from mode 3 (sleep mode) or during the reset process, the module resets the user parameters
during which the AUX outputs low level.
Repeater networking rules:
1. Forwarding rules, the repeater can forward data in both directions between two NETIDs.
2. In repeater mode, ADDH\ADDL is no longer used as the module address, and it is used as a NETID forwarding pairing flag.
Figure:

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1Primary repeater
“Node 1” NETID is 08.
“Node 2” NETID is 33.
Primary repeater 1‘s ’ADDH\ADDL are 08，33.
So the signal sent by node 1 (08) can be forwarded to node 2 (33)
At the same time, node 1 and node 2 have the same address, so the data transmitted by node 1 can be received by node 2.
②Secondary repeater
Secondary repeater’s ADDH\ADDL are 33，05.
Therefore, Repeater 2 can forward the data of Repeater 1 to the network NETID: 05.
Thus node 3 and node 4 can receive node 1 data. Node 4 outputs data normally, and node 3 has a different address than node 1, so no
data is output.
3Two-way repeater
As shown in the figure: the data sent by node 1, the nodes 2, 4 can receive the data sent by node 2, 4, and node 1 can also receive it.
9 Configuration instructions on computer
The following figure shows the E22-400T30DC configuration host computer display interface, the user can switch to the
command mode through M0M1, and quickly configure and read the parameters on computer.

Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. E22-400T30DC User Manual
Copyright ©2012–2018，Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd.
19
In the configuration on computer, the module address, frequency channel, network ID, and key are all in decimal mode. The
range of values of each parameter is:
Network address: 0-65535
Frequency channel: 0-83
Network ID: 0-255
Key: 0-65535
When the user configures the repeater mode using the host computer, special attention must be paid. Since the parameters are in
decimal mode in the host computer, the module address and network ID need to be converted into hexadecimal. For example, if
the network ID input by the transmitting end A is 02, and the network ID input by the receiving end B is 10, when the repeater
end R sets the module address, the hexadecimal value 0X020A is converted into the decimal value 522 as the repeater end R.
Module address. That is, the module address value of the repeater terminal R is 522 at this time.
10 Hardware design
It is recommended to use a DC stabilized power supply. The power supply ripple factor is as small as possible, and
the module needs to be reliably grounded.；
Please pay attention to the correct connection of the positive and negative poles of the power supply. Reverse
connection may cause permanent damage to the module；
Please check the power supply to ensure it is within the recommended voltage otherwise when it exceeds the
maximum value the module will be permanently damaged；
Please check the stability of the power supply, the voltage can not be fluctuated frequently；
When designing the power supply circuit for the module, it is often recommended to reserve more than 30% of the
margin, so the whole machine is beneficial for long-term stable operation.；
The module should be as far away as possible from the power supply, transformers, high-frequency wiring and other
parts with large electromagnetic interference.；