Evertz 9625sw series User manual

9625SW Series

Mini Master Control Switchers

Instruction Manual

EVERTZ MICROSYSTEMS LTD.

5288 John Lucas Drive,

Burlington, Ontario, Canada

L7L 5Z9

Phone: 905-335-3700

Sales Fax: 905-335-3573

Support Fax: 905-335-0909

Internet: Sales: [email protected]

Tech Support: [email protected]

Web Page: http://www.evertz.com

Version 0.3 December 2003

The material contained in this manual consists of information that is the property of Evertz Microsystems and is

intended solely for the use of purchasers of the 9625SW Series Mini Master Control Switchers. Evertz

Microsystems expressly prohibits the use of this manual for any purpose other than the operation of the device.

Evertz Microsystems Ltd. Copies of this guide can be ordered from your Evertz products dealer or from Evertz

Microsystems.

INFORMATION TO USERS IN EUROPE

NOTE

CISPR 22 CLASS A DIGITAL DEVICE OR PERIPHERAL

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,

pursuant to the European Union EMC directive. These limits are designed to provide reasonable

protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used

in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case

the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

INFORMATION TO USERS IN THE U.S.A.

NOTE

FCC CLASS A DIGITAL DEVICE OR PERIPHERAL

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection

against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This

equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in

accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case

the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

WARNING

Changes or Modifications not expressly approved by Evertz Microsystems Ltd. could void the user’s

authority to operate the equipment.

Use of unshielded plugs or cables may cause radiation interference. Properly shielded interface

cables with the shield connected to the chassis ground of the device must be used.

9625SW Series Mini Master Control Switcher Manual

REVISION HISTORY

REVISION DESCRIPTION DATE

0.1 Preliminary Version HD9625SW only Mar 03

0.2 Added 9625SW Oct 03

0.3 Typographical errors fixed, Configuration drawings and serial port pinouts corrected Dec 03

Information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Evertz assumes no responsibility for the use thereof nor

for the rights of third parties, which may be effected in any way by the use thereof. Any representations in this document concerning

performance of Evertz products are for informational use only and are not warranties of future performance, either express or implied. The only

warranty offered by Evertz in relation to this product is the Evertz standard limited warranty, stated in the sales contract or order confirmation

form.

Although every attempt has been made to accurately describe the features, installation and operation of this product in this manual, no

warranty is granted nor liability assumed in relation to any errors or omissions unless specifically undertaken in the Evertz sales contract or

order confirmation. Information contained in this manual is periodically updated and changes will be incorporated into subsequent editions. If

you encounter an error, please notify Evertz Customer Service department. Evertz reserves the right, without notice or liability, to make

changes in equipment design or specifications.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Revision 0.3 Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1. OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL............................................................................................ 1-2

1.3. DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 1-3

2. INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1. ROUTER UNIT REAR PANEL OVERVIEW........................................................................ 2-1

2.1.1. Standard Definition Digital Video Connections (X1204S-SW) ................................. 2-1

2.1.2. High Definition Digital Video Connections (X1204H-SW) ........................................ 2-2

2.1.3. AES Audio Connections........................................................................................... 2-2

2.1.4. Reference Video Connections ................................................................................. 2-3

2.1.5. Remote Control Connections................................................................................... 2-3

2.1.6. Power Connections.................................................................................................. 2-4

2.2. KEYER UNIT REAR PANEL OVERVIEW .......................................................................... 2-4

2.2.1. Standard Definition Video Connections (9625SW) .................................................. 2-5

2.2.2. High Definition Video Connections (HD9625SW) .................................................... 2-5

2.2.3. Reference Video Connections ................................................................................. 2-6

2.2.4. AES AUDIO Connections ........................................................................................ 2-6

2.2.5. Linear Timecode ...................................................................................................... 2-7

2.2.6. Serial I/O Connections ............................................................................................. 2-7

2.2.7. GPI/O Connections .................................................................................................. 2-8

2.2.8. Ethernet Network Connections ................................................................................ 2-9

2.2.9. Power Connections.................................................................................................. 2-9

2.3. MOUNTING ......................................................................................................................... 2-9

2.4. POWER REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 2-9

2.4.1. Changing the Fuse................................................................................................. 2-10

2.5. TYPICAL CONNECTIONS................................................................................................ 2-11

2.6. CONNECTING THE REMOTE CONTROL PANEL .......................................................... 2-12

2.7. CONNECTING THE VIDEO .............................................................................................. 2-12

2.7.1. Standard Definition Video Inputs (PKG9625SW only) ........................................... 2-12

2.7.2. Standard Definition Video Outputs (PKG9625SW only) ........................................ 2-13

2.7.3. High Definition Video Inputs (PKGHD9625SW only) ............................................. 2-13

2.7.4. High Definition Video Outputs (PKGHD9625SW only) .......................................... 2-13

2.7.5. Gen Lock Reference .............................................................................................. 2-14

2.8. CONNECTING THE AUDIO.............................................................................................. 2-14

2.8.1. AES Inputs ............................................................................................................. 2-14

2.8.2. AES Outputs .......................................................................................................... 2-14

2.8.3. Connecting Voice Over or EAS Audio ................................................................... 2-15

2.9. CONNECTING THE LINEAR TIME CODE ....................................................................... 2-15

2.10. CONNECTING TO AN ETHERNET NETWORK............................................................... 2-15

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2.11. CONNECTING THE GENERAL PURPOSE INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ............................ 2-16

3. HOW TO OPERATE THE MINI MASTER CONTROL SWITCHER

USING THE RACK MOUNT CONTROL PANEL......................................................................... 3-1

3.1. AN OVERVIEW OF KEY AND DISPLAY FUNCTIONS...................................................... 3-1

3.1.1. Input Selection Button Group................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2. The Function Button Group...................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.3. Setup Key Group ..................................................................................................... 3-3

3.1.4. Control Panel Status Indicators ............................................................................... 3-4

3.1.5. Electronics Unit Status Indicators ............................................................................ 3-5

3.1.6. Front Panel Display Functions ................................................................................. 3-5

3.2. OVERVIEW OF FRONT PANEL OPERATION................................................................... 3-5

3.2.1. Audio Follow Video Switching.................................................................................. 3-5

3.2.2. Displaying Logos...................................................................................................... 3-5

3.3. AN OVERVIEW OF THE SETUP MENU SYSTEM............................................................. 3-6

3.4. NAGIVATING THE SETUP MENU...................................................................................... 3-6

3.5. FRONT PANEL SETUP MENU – MAIN MENU .................................................................. 3-7

3.6. GENERALCONFIGURATION ITEMS ................................................................................. 3-8

3.6.1. Selecting the Video Standard .................................................................................. 3-8

3.6.2. Configuring the Real Time Clock in the Switcher..................................................... 3-9

3.6.2.1. Setting the Real Time Clock...................................................................... 3-9

3.6.2.2. Displaying the UTC Time ........................................................................ 3-10

3.6.2.3. Displaying the Local Time ....................................................................... 3-10

3.6.2.4. Setting the Time Zone Offset .................................................................. 3-10

3.6.2.5. Enabling Daylight Saving Time Compensation ....................................... 3-10

3.6.2.6. Selecting Whether the Time Code input is UTC or Local Time............... 3-11

3.6.2.7. Synchronizing the Real Time Clock to the UTC Time ............................. 3-11

3.6.3. Setting the Video Output Timing ............................................................................ 3-11

3.6.4. Setting Up the Switcher Network Addresses ......................................................... 3-11

3.6.4.1. Setting Up the IP Address....................................................................... 3-12

3.6.4.2. Setting Up the Sub Net Mask.................................................................. 3-12

3.6.4.3. Setting Up the Gateway .......................................................................... 3-12

3.6.4.4. Displaying the Ethernet Hardware Address ............................................ 3-12

3.6.5. Setting the Serial Protocol for COM Port D............................................................ 3-12

3.6.6. Protecting Line 21 Captions (standard definition units only).................................. 3-13

3.6.7. Setting the M2100 Unit Name................................................................................ 3-14

3.6.8. Viewing and Updating the Firmware Version......................................................... 3-14

3.7. AUDIO CONFIGURATION ITEMS .................................................................................... 3-14

3.7.1. Selecting the Audio Mode ...................................................................................... 3-15

3.7.2. Selecting Whether you are using Discrete AES or Embedded Audio.................... 3-15

3.7.3. Selecting the External Audio Mix Level.................................................................. 3-15

3.7.4. Selecting the Whether the Embedded Audio contains PCM or Non-PCM Audio... 3-16

3.8. FILE MANAGEMENT CONFIGURATION ITEMS............................................................. 3-16

3.8.1. Selecting the Source Media ................................................................................... 3-17

3.8.2. Selecting the Media File Name .............................................................................. 3-17

3.8.3. Selecting the Destination Media ............................................................................ 3-17

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3.8.4. Copying a File from one Drive to Another.............................................................. 3-17

3.8.5. Deleting a File ........................................................................................................ 3-18

3.8.6. Erasing all the Files from a Media Disk.................................................................. 3-18

3.9. MATTE CONFIGURATION ITEMS ................................................................................... 3-18

3.9.1. Turning the Matte On and Off ................................................................................ 3-19

3.9.2. Setting the Matte Aspect Ratio .............................................................................. 3-19

3.9.3. Setting a User Defined Matte Aspect Ratio ........................................................... 3-19

3.10. DOWNSTREAM KEYER CONFIGURATION ITEMS........................................................ 3-20

3.10.1. Setting the Downstream Key Type ........................................................................ 3-20

3.10.2. Setting the Downstream Key Object Transparency ............................................... 3-20

3.10.3. Setting the Downstream Key Object Offset ........................................................... 3-20

3.10.4. Setting the Downstream Self Key Threshold ......................................................... 3-21

3.11. EFFECTS TRANSITION CONFIGURATION ITEMS ........................................................ 3-21

3.11.1. Setting the Transition Type .................................................................................... 3-22

3.11.2. Setting the Transition Rate .................................................................................... 3-22

3.11.3. Setting the Transition Swap Mode ......................................................................... 3-23

3.12. PRESET CONFIGURATION ITEMS ................................................................................. 3-23

3.12.1. Recalling a User Preset ......................................................................................... 3-24

3.12.2. Storing a User Preset............................................................................................. 3-24

3.12.3. Configuring the GPI Inputs..................................................................................... 3-24

3.12.3.1. Selecting One of the GPI Inputs to Configure ......................................... 3-24

3.12.3.2. Configuring the GPI Actions.................................................................... 3-24

3.12.4. Configuring the GPO Outputs ................................................................................ 3-26

3.13. EAS CONFIGURATION ITEMS (EAS OPTIONED UNITS ONLY)................................... 3-26

3.13.1. Setting the EAS Display Type................................................................................ 3-27

3.13.2. Setting the Vertical Position of EAS Crawl Display................................................ 3-27

3.13.3. Setting the Font used for the EAS Crawl Display .................................................. 3-27

3.13.4. Setting the Font Size for the EAS Crawl Display ................................................... 3-28

3.13.5. Setting the Crawl Rate for the EAS Crawl Display................................................. 3-28

3.13.6. Setting the Colours for the EAS Crawl Display ...................................................... 3-28

3.14. LOGO CONFIGURATION ITEMS..................................................................................... 3-29

3.14.1. Setting the Logo Horizontal Position...................................................................... 3-29

3.14.2. Setting the Logo Vertical Position.......................................................................... 3-29

3.14.3. Setting the Logo Fade In Duration ......................................................................... 3-29

3.14.4. Setting the Logo Display Time ............................................................................... 3-30

3.14.5. Setting the Logo Fade In Duration ......................................................................... 3-30

3.14.6. Setting the Logo Transparency.............................................................................. 3-30

4. OPTIONAL EAS DECODER INTERFACE (EAS OPTIONED UNITS ONLY)............................. 4-1

4.1. CONNECTING THE SWITCHER TO THE EAS DECODER............................................... 4-1

4.1.1. Connecting The Serial Port...................................................................................... 4-1

4.1.2. Sage Decoder Configuration.................................................................................... 4-2

4.1.3. TFT Decoder Configuration ..................................................................................... 4-3

4.1.4. Connecting the Audio............................................................................................... 4-3

4.1.5. Connecting the GPI Tally Control ............................................................................ 4-3

4.2. CONFIGURING THE 9625SW FOR EAS ........................................................................... 4-4

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4.2.1. Configuring the Serial Port....................................................................................... 4-4

4.2.2. Configuring the GPI Input ........................................................................................ 4-4

4.2.3. Configuring the EAS Controls .................................................................................. 4-4

4.3. TESTING THE SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 4-5

4.3.1. Testing The Sage Decoder ...................................................................................... 4-5

4.3.2. Testing The TFT Decoder........................................................................................ 4-5

5. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1. SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.1. Video Specifications (PKG9625SW)........................................................................ 5-1

5.1.1.1. Standard Definition Serial Digital Video Input ........................................... 5-1

5.1.1.2. Standard Definition Serial Digital Video Outputs....................................... 5-1

5.1.2. Video Specifications (PKGHD9625SW)................................................................... 5-1

5.1.2.1. HDTV Serial Digital Video Input ................................................................ 5-1

5.1.2.2. HDTV Serial Digital Video Outputs............................................................ 5-1

5.1.3. Video Reference ...................................................................................................... 5-2

5.1.4. AES Audio Inputs..................................................................................................... 5-2

5.1.5. AES Audio Outputs .................................................................................................. 5-2

5.1.6. LTC Reader ............................................................................................................. 5-2

5.1.7. Control ..................................................................................................................... 5-2

5.1.8. General Purpose Inputs and Outputs ...................................................................... 5-3

5.1.9. Physical.................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.1.10. Electrical .................................................................................................................. 5-3

5.2. UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE .......................................................................................... 5-3

5.2.1. Overview ..................................................................................................................5-3

5.2.2. Terminal Program Setup.......................................................................................... 5-4

5.2.3. Initiating Firmware Upgrade Mode Via The Front Panel (Keyer units only) ............. 5-4

5.2.4. Initiating Firmware Upgrade Mode From The Terminal Program............................. 5-5

5.2.5. Uploading the new firmware .................................................................................... 5-5

5.2.6. Completing the Upgrade .......................................................................................... 5-6

6. INDEX........................................................................................................................................... 6-1

Figures

Figure 1-1: 9625SW Mini Master Control Switcher Block Diagram...................................................................1-2

Figure 2-1: X1204S-SW Rear Panel ................................................................................................................. 2-1

Figure 2-2: X1204H-SW Rear Panel ................................................................................................................. 2-1

Figure 2-3: X1202ABO Audio Breakout Panel Layout ...................................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-4: 9625SW Rear Panel ....................................................................................................................... 2-4

Figure 2-5: HD9625SW Rear Panel .................................................................................................................. 2-5

Figure 2-6: Typical System Interconnect ......................................................................................................... 2-11

Figure 2-7: Keyer GPIO Opto Isolator Circuitry............................................................................................... 2-18

Figure 2-8:Powering the General Purpose Input Opto Isolators from the Unit ............................................... 2-19

Figure 2-9: Powering the General Purpose Input Opto Isolators from an External Power Supply ................. 2-19

Figure 2-10: Powering the General Purpose Output Opto Isolators from the Unit.......................................... 2-20

Figure 2-11: Powering the General Purpose Output Opto Isolators from an External Power Supply ............ 2-20

Figure 3-1: HD9625SW Front Panel Layout...................................................................................................... 3-1

Figure 3-2: Overview of the Setup Menu........................................................................................................... 3-6

Figure 4-1: EAS Decoder Connection ............................................................................................................... 4-1

9625SW Series Mini Master Control Switcher Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS Revision 0.3 Page v

Tables

Table 2-1: Router RS-232 Port Pin Definitions.................................................................................................. 2-3

Table 2-2: GPI/O Pin Definitions........................................................................................................................ 2-4

Table 2-3: Upgrade RS232 Port A Pin Definitions............................................................................................. 2-7

Table 2-4: Remote Panel Port Pin Definitions ................................................................................................... 2-7

Table 2-5: Serial Port D – RS422 Pin Definitions .............................................................................................. 2-8

Table 2-6: GPI/O Connector Pin Definitions...................................................................................................... 2-9

Table 2-7: Remote Control Panel Extender Cable .......................................................................................... 2-12

Table 2-8: Standard Definition Video Input Formats ....................................................................................... 2-12

Table 2-9: High Definition Video Input Formats............................................................................................... 2-13

Table 2-10. Standard RJ45 Wiring Color Codes ............................................................................................. 2-15

Table 2-11: GPIO Maximum Ratings............................................................................................................... 2-17

Table 3-1: Top Level of the General Setup Menu ............................................................................................. 3-8

Table 3-2: Top Level of the Audio Setup Menu ............................................................................................... 3-14

Table 3-3: Top Level of the Manage Files Setup Menu................................................................................... 3-16

Table 3-4: Top Level of the Matte Setup Menu ............................................................................................... 3-18

Table 3-5: Top Level of the Matte Setup Menu ............................................................................................... 3-20

Table 3-6: Top Level of the Transition Setup Menu ........................................................................................ 3-21

Table 3-7: Top Level of the Preset Setup Menu.............................................................................................. 3-23

Table 3-8: Top Level of the EAS Setup Menu ................................................................................................. 3-26

Table 3-9: Top Level of the Logo Setup Menu ................................................................................................ 3-29

Table 4-1: EAS Decoder Extender Cable.......................................................................................................... 4-2

Table 4-2: GPI settings for EAS Tally Control ................................................................................................... 4-4

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9625SW Series Mini Master Control Switcher Manual

Revision 0.3

CHAPTER 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1. OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL............................................................................................ 1-2

1.3. DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 1-3

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9625SW Series Mini Master Control Switcher Manual

OVERVIEW Revision 0.3 Page 1-1

1. OVERVIEW

1.1. OVERVIEW

The Evertz 9625SW Series Mini Master Control Switchers are an excellent addition to your high

definition or standard definition control room. These dual unit solutions incorporate the best switching

technology with the proven transition and channel branding techniques that has brought Evertz to the

forefront of High Definition Television. Add to these, Emergency Alert Services and SoftSwitch™audio

processing, and you have the most advanced media switcher available today.

The 9625SW Series Switchers are available in versions to support both standard definition and high

definition video. Throughout this manual the term 9625SW will be used to describe the common

features of the switchers. When necessary, the specific model numbers will be used to distinguish

features only available on one model.

Model

Standard

Definition

SDI Inputs

High

Definition

SDI Inputs

AES Audio

Inputs

Bypass

Relays

PKG9625SW 12 --- 12 x 4 Standard

PKGHD9625SW --- 12 12 x 4 Optional

The 9625SW series units include all the functionality found in our X Series Routers seamlessly

integrated with our advanced Logo Inserter and Downstream keyer hardware. These complete

systems allow you to fully control up to 12 input video signals and up to 48 AES audio inputs. You can

perform voice-overs, wipes, fades, fade to black and a host of other features, all from the convenience

of the single remote control panel.

Features

HD9625SW:

•12 Input High Definition Video Switcher with quad 12 input AES switcher for discrete 5.1 Dolby

•Optional video and audio input bypass relay for power failure bypass protection

9625SW:

•12 Input Standard Definition Video Switcher with quad 12 input AES switcher for discrete 5.1

Dolby

•Standard video and audio input bypass relay for power failure bypass protection

All Models:

•Program/Preview Transition Mixer for HD video and up to 4 audio pairs

•Downstream keyer with mix and additive modes

•Variety of smooth Transitions including Cut, Fade, Fade to-from Black and 8 angles of Wipes

•Multiple logo inserter with Animation

•LTC input for Breakfast Clocks

•Built-in Black Generator

•12 Bit Video Processing

•Control of key gain & offset are provided

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OVERVIEW Revision 0.3 Page 1-2

•System comprised of two 1RU rack frames and 1RU remote control panel for router/keyer/logo

functions

•Multiple control interface options including GPI, RS232 automation control, rackmount control

panel, third party control panels

•Built-in +/- 1/2 line autotimers for video

•"Pop" free AES audio switch with Evertz patented SoftSwitch™ Technology

•Audio bypass mode for Dolby E

EAS Option:

•Emergency alert crawls

•Interfaces to TFT and Sage EAS decoders.

Variable

Transparency

Mixer

Matte

Generator

Wipe/Fade

Key

Generator

Black

Generator

Bypass

Key

Fill

Program Background

Source B

Logo

Storage

Clock

EAS

Audio/First Source

Audio/Second Source

Source A

Video

Router

Auto

Synchronizing

Source

Unit

Audio

Storage

Bypass

Relay

Audio

Router Audio

Mixer

Relay

Preview

Program

AES

Inputs

Preview

Output

Program

Output

Multi-

Mixing

Engine

12-bit

Linear Mixer

(Fade-in &

Fade-Out)

Analog

Reference

Preview Background

12A

12B

12C

12D

12 Video

Inputs

Genlock

AES

Outputs

External

GPI

Control

Ethernet 100BaseT

RCP Control Panel

Serial Control

Control

Unit

Fill

Source C

Key

Source D

Audio

De-embedder

P/S

Audio

Embedder

Optional

Bypass

Chrome/Luma

Processor

& Filter

/8 AES /8 AES

Video

Outputs

Figure 1-1: 9625SW Mini Master Control Switcher Block Diagram

1.2. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

This manual is organised into 5 chapters: Overview, Installation, Operation, Optional EAS Features,

and Technical Description. The overview section contains a brief overview of the 9625SW operation

and features and a glossary to define concepts and terms used throughout the remainder of the

9625SW Series Mini Master Control Switcher Manual

OVERVIEW Revision 0.3 Page 1-3

manual. We highly recommend taking the time to become familiar with the terms and concepts

described here before proceeding into the rest of the manual.

Chapter 2 gives a detailed description of the rear panel connectors, and how the 9625SW should be

connected into your system.

Chapter 3 shows how to operate the 9625SW using the Front panel controls and Menu system

Chapter 4 shows how to control the 9625SW using third party control panels

Chapter 5 gives technical information such as the specifications and how to update the firmware in the

9625SW.

!Items of special note are indicated with a double box like this.

1.3. DEFINITIONS

4:2:2 The sampling ratio used in the HDTV digital video signal. For every 4 samples of luminance

there are 2 samples each of R-Y (Red minus Luminance) and B-Y (Blue minus luminance).

16x9 A wide screen television format such as HDTV in which the aspect ratio of the screen is 16

units wide by 9 high as opposed to the 4x3 of normal TV.

AES/EBU: (Sometimes abbreviated as AES) Refers to the digital audio standard (AES3-1992) set by

the Audio Engineering Society and European Broadcast Union and used by most forms of

digital audio from CDs to professional digital video.

Aspect Ratio: The ratio of width to height in a picture. Theatre screens generally have an aspect ratio

of 1.85 to 1, widescreen TV (16x9) is 1.77 to 1, and normal TV (4x3) is 1.33 to 1.

CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) An international standards committee. (This

organisation is now known as ITU.)

CCIR-601: See ITU-R601.

Cliff effect: (also referred to as the ‘digital cliff’) This is a phenomenon found in digital video systems

that describes the sudden deterioration of picture quality when due to excessive bit errors,

often caused by excessive cable lengths. The digital signal will be perfect even though one

of its signal parameters is approaching or passing the specified limits. At a given moment

however, the parameter will reach a point where the data can no longer be interpreted

correctly, and the picture will be totally unrecognisable.

Component analog: The non-encoded output of a camera, video tape recorder, etc., consisting of the

three primary colour signals: red, green, and blue (RGB) that together convey all necessary

picture information. In some component video formats these three components have been

translated into a luminance signal and two colour difference signals, for example Y, B-Y, R-

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OVERVIEW Revision 0.3 Page 1-4

Component digital: A digital representation of a component analog signal set, most often Y, B-Y, R-

Y. The encoding parameters are specified by ITU-R709 for HDTV signals. SMPTE 274M

and SMPTE 296M specify the parallel interface.

Composite analog: An encoded video signal such as NTSC or PAL video that includes horizontal

and vertical synchronising information.

Composite digital: A digitally encoded video signal, such as NTSC or PAL video that includes

horizontal and vertical synchronising information.

D1: A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R601

standard. Records on 19 mm magnetic tape. (Often used incorrectly to refer to component

digital video.)

D2: A composite digital video recording format that uses data conforming to SMPTE 244M.

Records on 19 mm magnetic tape. (Often used incorrectly to refer to composite digital

video.)

D3: A composite digital video recording format that uses data conforming to SMPTE 244M.

Records on 1/2" magnetic tape.

D5: A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R601

standard. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape.

HD-D5: A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R709

standard. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape.

Drop frame: In NTSC systems, where the frame rate is 29.97002618 frames per second, the drop

frame mode permits time of day indexing of the frame numbers by dropping certain frame

numbers. Specifically, frames 0, and 1 at the beginning of each minute except minutes

0,10,20,30,40, & 50, are omitted, to compensate for an approximate timing error of 108

frames (3 seconds 18 frames) per hour. A flag bit is set in the time code to signal when the

drop frame mode is in effect.

EBU (European Broadcasting Union): An organisation of European broadcasters that among

other activities provides technical recommendations for the 625/50 line television systems.

Embedded audio: Digital audio is multiplexed onto a serial digital video data stream.

ITU: The United Nations regulatory body governing all forms of communications. ITU-R

(previously CCIR) regulates the radio frequency spectrum, while ITU-T (previously CCITT)

deals with the telecommunications standards.

ITU-R601: An international standard for standard definition component digital television from which was

derived SMPTE 125M and EBU 3246-E standards. ITU-R601 defines the sampling

systems, matrix values and filter characteristics for both Y, B-Y, R-Y and RGB component

digital television signals.

ITU-R709: An international standard for High definition component digital television from which was

derived SMPTE 274M and SMPTE 296M standards. ITU-R709 defines the sampling

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systems, matrix values and filter characteristics for both Y, B-Y, R-Y and RGB component

digital television signals.

Letterbox:Placing a wide screen image on a conventional TV by placing black bands at the top and

bottom of the screen.

Linear time code: (Also known as Longitudinal Time Code) A digital code used for timing and

control purposes on videotape and associated audio tape machines. It is recorded on a

linear track with audio characteristics and is referred to as LTC. Each 80 bit code word is

associated with one television frame, and consists of 26 time bits, 6 flag bits, 32 user bits

and 16 sync bits. This time code may run at 24, 25 or 30 frames per second depending on

the video format. See also SMPTE 12M

LTC: See Linear Time Code

NTSC: National Television Standards Committee established the television and video standard in

use in the United States, Canada, Japan and several other countries. NTSC video consists

of 525 horizontal lines at a field rate of approximately 60 fields per second. (Two fields

equals one complete Frame). Only 487 of these lines are used for picture. The rest are used

for sync or extra information such as VITC and Closed Captioning.

PAL: Phase Alternating Line. The television and video standard in use in most of Europe.

Consists of 625 horizontal lines at a field rate of 50 fields per second. (Two fields equals one

complete Frame). Only 576 of these lines are used for picture. The rest are used for sync or

extra information such as VITC and Teletext.

Pixel: The smallest distinguishable and resolvable area in a video image. A single point on the

screen. In digital video, a single sample of the picture. Derived from the words picture

element.

Serial digital: Digital information that is transmitted in serial form. Often used informally to refer to

serial digital television signals.

SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers): A professional organisation that

recommends standards for the film and television industries.

SMPTE 12M: The SMPTE standard for Time and address code. SMPTE 12M defines the

parameters required for both linear and vertical interval time codes.

SMPTE 272M: The SMPTE standard for embedding audio in serial digital standard definition

(SMPTE 259M) video signals.

SMPTE 274M: The SMPTE standard for bit parallel digital interface for high definition component

video signals with an active picture of 1080 lines x 1920 pixels.

SMPTE 292M: The SMPTE standard for high definition serial digital component interfaces.

SMPTE 296M: The SMPTE standard for bit parallel digital interface for high definition component

video signals with an active picture of 720 lines x 1280 pixels.

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SMPTE 299M: The SMPTE standard for embedding audio in serial digital high definition

(SMPTE 292M) video signals.

SMPTE RP188: The SMPTE recommended practice for embedding SMPTE 12M timecode into

ancillary data packets in serial digital video signals.

TRS: Timing reference signals used in composite digital systems. (It is four words long).

TRS-ID: Abbreviation for "Timing Reference Signal Identification". A reference signal used to

maintain timing in composite digital systems. (It is four words long.)

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CHAPTER 2