Fujitsu ETERNUS DX60 S4 Guide

FUJITSU Storage
ETERNUS DX60 S4,
ETERNUS DX60 S3
Hybrid Storage Systems
Design Guide (Basic)
System configuration design
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Table of Contents
1. Function 12
RAID Functions.............................................................................................................................. 13
Supported RAID.....................................................................................................................................................13
User Capacity (Logical Capacity)............................................................................................................................19
RAID Group............................................................................................................................................................21
Volume..................................................................................................................................................................22
Hot Spares.............................................................................................................................................................24
Data Protection............................................................................................................................. 26
Data Block Guard ..................................................................................................................................................26
Disk Drive Patrol....................................................................................................................................................28
Redundant Copy....................................................................................................................................................29
Rebuild..................................................................................................................................................................30
Fast Recovery ........................................................................................................................................................31
Copyback/Copybackless.........................................................................................................................................32
Protection (Shield)................................................................................................................................................34
Reverse Cabling.....................................................................................................................................................35
Operations Optimization (Virtualization)...................................................................................... 36
Thin Provisioning ..................................................................................................................................................36
Optimization of Volume Configurations ........................................................................................ 42
RAID Migration......................................................................................................................................................44
Logical Device Expansion......................................................................................................................................45
LUN Concatenation ...............................................................................................................................................47
Wide Striping ........................................................................................................................................................49
User Access Management ............................................................................................................. 50
Account Management...........................................................................................................................................50
User Authentication ..............................................................................................................................................52
Audit Log ..............................................................................................................................................................54
Improving Host Connectivity ......................................................................................................... 55
Host Affinity ..........................................................................................................................................................55
iSCSI Security.........................................................................................................................................................57
Environmental Burden Reduction ................................................................................................. 58
Eco-mode..............................................................................................................................................................58
Power Consumption Visualization .........................................................................................................................61
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Operation Management/Device Monitoring.................................................................................. 62
Operation Management Interface.........................................................................................................................62
Performance Information Management................................................................................................................63
Event Notification .................................................................................................................................................65
Device Time Synchronization.................................................................................................................................68
Power Control ............................................................................................................................... 69
Power Synchronized Unit.......................................................................................................................................69
Remote Power Operation (Wake On LAN) .............................................................................................................70
Backup (Advanced Copy) .............................................................................................................. 71
Backup ..................................................................................................................................................................72
Performance Tuning...................................................................................................................... 80
Striping Size Expansion.........................................................................................................................................80
Assigned CMs ........................................................................................................................................................81
Stable Operation via Load Control................................................................................................. 82
Host Response ......................................................................................................................................................82
Data Migration.............................................................................................................................. 83
Storage Migration .................................................................................................................................................83
Non-disruptive Storage Migration................................................................................................. 85
Server Linkage Functions .............................................................................................................. 87
Oracle VM Linkage ................................................................................................................................................87
VMware Linkage....................................................................................................................................................88
Veeam Storage Integration ...................................................................................................................................90
Microsoft Linkage..................................................................................................................................................92
OpenStack Linkage ...............................................................................................................................................94
Logical Volume Manager (LVM) ............................................................................................................................95
Smart Setup Wizard....................................................................................................................... 96
2. Connection Configuration 102
SAN Connection .......................................................................................................................... 102
Host Interface .....................................................................................................................................................102
Access Method ....................................................................................................................................................105
LAN Connection .......................................................................................................................... 107
LAN for Operation Management (MNT Port) .......................................................................................................107
LAN for Remote Support (RMT Port)....................................................................................................................109
LAN Control (Master CM/Slave CM)......................................................................................................................112
Table of Contents
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Network Communication Protocols .....................................................................................................................114
Power Supply Connection............................................................................................................ 116
Input Power Supply Lines ....................................................................................................................................116
UPS Connection...................................................................................................................................................116
Power Synchronized Connections................................................................................................ 117
Power Synchronized Connections (PWC) .............................................................................................................117
Power Synchronized Connections (Wake On LAN) ...............................................................................................120
3. Hardware Configurations 121
Configuration Schematics ........................................................................................................... 122
Optional Product Installation Conditions..................................................................................... 129
Controller Module ...............................................................................................................................................129
Drive Enclosures..................................................................................................................................................130
I/O Module ..........................................................................................................................................................130
Drives..................................................................................................................................................................131
Standard Installation Rules......................................................................................................... 134
Controller Module ...............................................................................................................................................134
Drive Enclosure ...................................................................................................................................................134
I/O Module ..........................................................................................................................................................135
Drive ...................................................................................................................................................................135
Recommended RAID Group Configurations ................................................................................. 137
4. Maintenance/Expansion 140
Hot Swap/Hot Expansion ............................................................................................................ 140
User Expansion ........................................................................................................................... 142
SSD Sanitization.......................................................................................................................... 142
A. Function Specification List 143
List of Supported Protocols.......................................................................................................... 143
Target Pool for Each Function/Volume List.................................................................................. 144
Target RAID Groups/Pools of Each Function.........................................................................................................144
Target Volumes of Each Function ........................................................................................................................144
Combinations of Functions That Are Available for Simultaneous Executions............................... 146
Combinations of Functions That Are Available for Simultaneous Executions.......................................................146
Number of Processes That Can Be Executed Simultaneously...............................................................................147
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Capacity That Can Be Processed Simultaneously .................................................................................................147
Table of Contents
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List of Figures
Figure 1 RAID0 Concept..........................................................................................................................................14
Figure 2 RAID1 Concept..........................................................................................................................................14
Figure 3 RAID1+0 Concept......................................................................................................................................15
Figure 4 RAID5 Concept..........................................................................................................................................15
Figure 5 RAID5+0 Concept......................................................................................................................................16
Figure 6 RAID6 Concept..........................................................................................................................................17
Figure 7 RAID6-FR Concept.....................................................................................................................................18
Figure 8 Example of a RAID Group .........................................................................................................................21
Figure 9 Volume Concept .......................................................................................................................................22
Figure 10 Hot Spares................................................................................................................................................24
Figure 11 Data Block Guard......................................................................................................................................26
Figure 12 Disk Drive Patrol.......................................................................................................................................28
Figure 13 Redundant Copy Function ........................................................................................................................29
Figure 14 Rebuild.....................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 15 Fast Recovery ...........................................................................................................................................31
Figure 16 Copyback..................................................................................................................................................32
Figure 17 Copybackless............................................................................................................................................33
Figure 18 Protection (Shield) ...................................................................................................................................34
Figure 19 Reverse Cabling........................................................................................................................................35
Figure 20 Storage Capacity Virtualization.................................................................................................................36
Figure 21 TPV Balancing (When Allocating Disproportionate TPV Physical Capacity Evenly) ....................................39
Figure 22 TPV Balancing (When Distributing Host Accesses Evenly after TPP Expansion) ........................................39
Figure 23 TPV Capacity Optimization........................................................................................................................41
Figure 24 RAID Migration (When Data Is Migrated to a High Capacity Drive)...........................................................44
Figure 25 RAID Migration (When a Volume Is Moved to a Different RAID Level) ......................................................44
Figure 26 Logical Device Expansion (When Expanding the RAID Group Capacity)....................................................45
Figure 27 Logical Device Expansion (When Changing the RAID Level).....................................................................46
Figure 28 LUN Concatenation ..................................................................................................................................47
Figure 29 LUN Concatenation (When the Concatenation Source Is a New Volume)..................................................47
Figure 30 LUN Concatenation (When the Existing Volume Capacity Is Expanded) ...................................................48
Figure 31 Wide Striping............................................................................................................................................49
Figure 32 Account Management ..............................................................................................................................50
Figure 33 Audit Log..................................................................................................................................................54
Figure 34 Host Affinity .............................................................................................................................................55
Figure 35 Associating Host Groups, CA Port Groups, and LUN Groups.......................................................................56
Figure 36 Eco-mode.................................................................................................................................................58
Figure 37 Power Consumption Visualization ............................................................................................................61
Figure 38 Event Notification ....................................................................................................................................65
Figure 39 Device Time Synchronization....................................................................................................................68
Figure 40 Power Synchronized Unit..........................................................................................................................69
Figure 41 Wake On LAN ...........................................................................................................................................70
Figure 42 Example of Advanced Copy ......................................................................................................................71
Figure 43 Restore OPC..............................................................................................................................................74
Figure 44 EC Reverse................................................................................................................................................74
Figure 45 Targets for the Multi-Copy Function .........................................................................................................75
Figure 46 Multi-Copy................................................................................................................................................75
Figure 47 Multi-Copy (Including SnapOPC+) ............................................................................................................76
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Figure 48 Cascade Copy............................................................................................................................................77
Figure 49 Assigned CMs ...........................................................................................................................................81
Figure 50 Host Response..........................................................................................................................................82
Figure 51 Storage Migration ....................................................................................................................................83
Figure 52 Non-disruptive Storage Migration ............................................................................................................85
Figure 53 Oracle VM Linkage ...................................................................................................................................87
Figure 54 VMware Linkage.......................................................................................................................................88
Figure 55 Veeam Storage Integration ......................................................................................................................90
Figure 56 Microsoft Linkage.....................................................................................................................................92
Figure 57 Logical Volume Manager (LVM) ...............................................................................................................95
Figure 58 RAID Configuration Example (When 12 SSDs Are Installed) .....................................................................99
Figure 59 RAID Configuration Example (When 15 SAS Disks Are Installed) ............................................................101
Figure 60 Single Path Connection (When a SAN Connection Is Used — Direct Connection) .....................................105
Figure 61 Single Path Connection (When a SAN Connection Is Used — Switch Connection) ....................................105
Figure 62 Multipath Connection (When a SAN Connection Is Used — Basic Connection Configuration)...................106
Figure 63 Multipath Connection (When a SAN Connection Is Used — Switch Connection).......................................106
Figure 64 Connection Example without a Dedicated Remote Support Port ............................................................108
Figure 65 Connection Example When the IP Address of the Slave CM Is Set (and a Dedicated Remote Support Port Is
Not Used)...............................................................................................................................................108
Figure 66 Overview of the AIS Connect Function ....................................................................................................109
Figure 67 Security Features....................................................................................................................................110
Figure 68 Connection Example with a Dedicated Remote Support Port..................................................................111
Figure 69 Connection Example When the IP Address of the Slave CM Is Set (and a Dedicated Remote Support Port Is
Used) .....................................................................................................................................................112
Figure 70 LAN Control (Switching of the Master CM)..............................................................................................113
Figure 71 LAN Control (When the IP Address of the Slave CM Is Set)......................................................................113
Figure 72 Power Supply Control Using a Power Synchronized Unit (When Connecting One or Two Servers)...........117
Figure 73 Power Supply Control Using a Power Synchronized Unit (When Connecting Three or More Servers).......119
Figure 74 Power Supply Control Using Wake On LAN .............................................................................................120
Figure 75 Minimum Configuration Diagram: ETERNUS DX60 S4.............................................................................122
Figure 76 Minimum Configuration Diagram: ETERNUS DX60 S3.............................................................................123
Figure 77 Maximum Configuration Diagram: ETERNUS DX60 S4 ............................................................................124
Figure 78 Maximum Configuration Diagram: ETERNUS DX60 S3 ............................................................................126
Figure 79 Enclosure Connection Path (When Only One Controller Is Installed).......................................................128
Figure 80 Enclosure Connection Path (When Two Controllers Are Installed) ..........................................................128
Figure 81 Controller Installation Order...................................................................................................................134
Figure 82 I/O Module Installation Order .................................................................................................................135
Figure 83 Installation Diagram for 2.5" Drives .......................................................................................................136
Figure 84 Installation Diagram for 3.5" Drives .......................................................................................................136
Figure 85 Drive Combination 1 ..............................................................................................................................137
Figure 86 Drive Combination 2 ..............................................................................................................................137
Figure 87 Drive Combination 3 ..............................................................................................................................138
Figure 88 Drive Combination 4 ..............................................................................................................................139
Figure 89 Drive Combination 5 ..............................................................................................................................139
List of Figures
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List of Tables
Table 1 Basic Functions ........................................................................................................................................12
Table 2 RAID Level Comparison ............................................................................................................................18
Table 3 Formula for Calculating User Capacity for Each RAID Level .......................................................................19
Table 4 User Capacity per Drive.............................................................................................................................20
Table 5 RAID Group Types and Usage....................................................................................................................21
Table 6 Recommended Number of Drives per RAID Group ....................................................................................22
Table 7 Volumes That Can Be Created...................................................................................................................23
Table 8 Hot Spare Selection Criteria .....................................................................................................................25
Table 9 TPP Maximum Number and Capacity........................................................................................................37
Table 10 Chunk Size According to the Configured TPP Capacity...............................................................................37
Table 11 Levels and Configurations for a RAID Group That Can Be Registered in a TPP...........................................37
Table 12 TPP Thresholds .........................................................................................................................................38
Table 13 TPV Thresholds .........................................................................................................................................38
Table 14 Optimization of Volume Configurations....................................................................................................42
Table 15 Available Functions for Default Roles .......................................................................................................51
Table 16 Client Public Key (SSH Authentication).....................................................................................................52
Table 17 Eco-mode Specifications...........................................................................................................................59
Table 18 ETERNUS Web GUI Operating Environment ..............................................................................................62
Table 19 Levels and Contents of Events That Are Notified ......................................................................................65
Table 20 SNMP Specifications .................................................................................................................................66
Table 21 Control Software (Advanced Copy) ...........................................................................................................71
Table 22 List of Functions (Copy Methods) .............................................................................................................72
Table 23 Characteristics of SnapOPC/SnapOPC+ Operations with Each Type of Copy Destination Logical Volume .......
.................................................................................................................................................................73
Table 24 Available Cascade Copy Combinations (When a Cascade Copy Performs Session 1 Followed by Session 2) ..
.................................................................................................................................................................77
Table 25 Available Cascade Copy Combinations (When a Cascade Copy Performs Session 2 Followed by Session 1) ..
.................................................................................................................................................................78
Table 26 Available Stripe Depth..............................................................................................................................80
Table 27 Specifications for Paths and Volumes between the Local Storage System and the External Storage System
.................................................................................................................................................................85
Table 28 Volume Types That Can Be Used with Veeam Storage Integration............................................................91
Table 29 Guideline for the Number of Drives and User Capacities (When 1.92TB SSDs Are Installed) .....................96
Table 30 Guideline for the Number of Drives and User Capacities (When 1.2TB SAS Disks Are Installed)................99
Table 31 Ethernet Frame Capacity (Jumbo Frame Settings)..................................................................................103
Table 32 LAN Port Availability...............................................................................................................................114
Table 33 Drive Characteristics ...............................................................................................................................132
Table 34 Number of Installable Drives..................................................................................................................133
Table 35 Hot Swap and Hot Expansion Availability for Components (ETERNUS DX60 S4) .....................................140
Table 36 Hot Swap and Hot Expansion Availability for Components (ETERNUS DX60 S3) .....................................141
Table 37 List of Supported Protocols.....................................................................................................................143
Table 38 Combinations of Functions That Can Be Executed Simultaneously (1/2) ................................................146
Table 39 Combinations of Functions That Can Be Executed Simultaneously (2/2) ................................................146
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Preface
Fujitsu would like to thank you for purchasing the FUJITSU Storage ETERNUS DX60 S4, ETERNUS DX60 S3 (herein-
after referred to as ETERNUS DX).
The ETERNUS DX is designed to be connected to Fujitsu servers (Fujitsu SPARC Servers, PRIMEQUEST, PRIMERGY,
and other servers) or non-Fujitsu servers.
This manual provides the system design information for the ETERNUS DX storage systems.
This manual is intended for use of the ETERNUS DX in regions other than Japan.
This manual applies to the latest controller firmware version.
Fourteenth Edition
April 2019
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Trademarks
Third-party trademark information related to this product is available at:
http://www.fujitsu.com/global/products/computing/storage/eternus/trademarks.html
About This Manual
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for field engineers or system administrators who design ETERNUS DX systems or use the
ETERNUS DX.
Related Information and Documents
The latest version of this manual and the latest information for your model are available at:
http://www.fujitsu.com/global/support/products/computing/storage/disk/manuals/
Refer to the following manuals of your model as necessary:
"Overview"
"Site Planning Guide"
"Product List"
"Configuration Guide (Basic)"
"ETERNUS Web GUI User's Guide"
"ETERNUS CLI User's Guide"
"Configuration Guide -Server Connection-"
Document Conventions
■Third-Party Product Names
•Oracle Solaris may be referred to as "Solaris", "Solaris Operating System", or "Solaris OS".
•Microsoft® Windows Server® may be referred to as "Windows Server".
■Notice Symbols
The following notice symbols are used in this manual:
Indicates information that you need to observe when using the ETERNUS storage system.
Make sure to read the information.
Indicates information and suggestions that supplement the descriptions included in this
manual.
Preface
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Warning Signs
Warning signs are shown throughout this manual in order to prevent injury to the user and/or material damage.
These signs are composed of a symbol and a message describing the recommended level of caution. The follow-
ing explains the symbol, its level of caution, and its meaning as used in this manual.
This symbol indicates the possibility of serious or fatal injury if the ETERNUS DX is not used
properly.
This symbol indicates the possibility of minor or moderate personal injury, as well as dam-
age to the ETERNUS DX and/or to other users and their property, if the ETERNUS DX is not
used properly.
This symbol indicates IMPORTANT information for the user to note when using the ETERNUS
DX.
The following symbols are used to indicate the type of warnings or cautions being described.
The triangle emphasizes the urgency of the WARNING and CAUTION contents. Inside the
triangle and above it are details concerning the symbol (e.g. Electrical Shock).
The barred "Do Not..." circle warns against certain actions. The action which must be
avoided is both illustrated inside the barred circle and written above it (e.g. No Disassem-
bly).
The black "Must Do..." circle indicates actions that must be taken. The required action is
both illustrated inside the black disk and written above it (e.g. Unplug).
How Warnings are Presented in This Manual
A message is written beside the symbol indicating the caution level. This message is marked with a vertical rib-
bon in the left margin, to distinguish this warning from ordinary descriptions.
A display example is shown here.
Warning level indicator
Warning type indicator
Warning details
•To avoid damaging the ETERNUS storage system, pay attention to the
following points when cleaning the ETERNUS storage system:
Warning layout ribbon
Example warning
- Make sure to disconnect the power when cleaning.
- Be careful that no liquid seeps into the ETERNUS storage system
when using cleaners, etc.
- Do not use alcohol or other solvents to clean the ETERNUS storage system.
CAUTION Do
Preface
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1. Function
The ETERNUS DX provides various functions to ensure data integrity, enhance security, reduce cost, and optimize
the overall performance of the system.
These functions enable to respond to problems from various situations.
Table 1 Basic Functions
Overview Function
Data protection
Functions that ensure data integrity to improve data reliability.
It is possible to detect and fix drive failures early.
"Data Block Guard" (page 26)
"Disk Drive Patrol" (page 28)
"Redundant Copy" (page 29)
"Rebuild" (page 30)
"Fast Recovery" (page 31)
"Copyback/Copybackless" (page 32)
"Protection (Shield)" (page 34)
"Reverse Cabling" (page 35)
Resource utilization (virtualization)
Functions that deliver effective resource utilization.
"Thin Provisioning" (page 36)
•Data capacity expansion
Functions that expand or relocate a RAID group or a volume
in order to flexibly meet any increases in the amount of data.
•Guarantee of performance
A function that creates a volume that is striped in multiple
RAID groups in order to improve performance.
"RAID Migration" (page 44)
"Logical Device Expansion" (page 45)
"LUN Concatenation" (page 47)
"Wide Striping" (page 49)
Security measures (user access management)
Functions to prevent information leakage that are caused by a
malicious access.
"Account Management" (page 50)
"User Authentication" (page 52)
"Audit Log" (page 54)
Security measures (unauthorized access prevention)
Functions that prevent unintentional storage access.
"Host Affinity" (page 55)
"iSCSI Security" (page 57)
Environmental burden reduction
Functions that adjust the operating time and the environment
of the installation location in order to reduce power consump-
tion.
"Eco-mode" (page 58)
"Power Consumption Visualization" (page 61)
Operation management (device monitoring)
Function that reduce load on the system administrator, and
that improve system stability and increase operating ratio of
the system.
"Operation Management Interface" (page 62)
"Performance Information Management" (page 63)
"Event Notification" (page 65)
"Device Time Synchronization" (page 68)
Power control
Power control functions that are used to link power-on and
power-off operations with servers and perform scheduled opera-
tions.
"Power Synchronized Unit" (page 69)
"Remote Power Operation (Wake On LAN)" (page 70)
•High-speed backup
•Continuous business
Data can be duplicated at any point without affecting other op-
erations.
"Backup" (page 72)
Performance Tuning
Functions that can perform tuning in order to improve perform-
ance.
"Striping Size Expansion" (page 80)
"Assigned CMs" (page 81)
Stable operation
For stable operation of server connections, the appropriate re-
sponse action can be specified for each server.
"Host Response" (page 82)
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Overview Function
Data relocation
A function that migrates data between ETERNUS storage sys-
tems.
"Storage Migration" (page 83)
Non-disruptive data relocation
A function that migrates data between ETERNUS storage sys-
tems without stopping the business server.
"Non-disruptive Storage Migration" (page 85)
Information linkage (function linkage with servers)
Functions that cooperate with a server to improve performance
in a virtualized environment. Beneficial effects such as central-
ized management of the entire storage system and a reduction
of the load on servers can be realized.
"Oracle VM Linkage" (page 87)
"VMware Linkage" (page 88)
"Veeam Storage Integration" (page 90)
"Microsoft Linkage" (page 92)
"OpenStack Linkage" (page 94)
"Logical Volume Manager (LVM)" (page 95)
Simple configuration
A wizard that simplifies the configuration of Thin Provisioning.
"Smart Setup Wizard" (page 96)
RAID Functions
This section explains the points to note before configuring a system using the ETERNUS DX.
Supported RAID
The ETERNUS DX supports the following RAID levels.
•RAID0 (striping)
•RAID1 (mirroring)
•RAID1+0 (striping of pairs of drives for mirroring)
•RAID5 (striping with distributed parity)
•RAID5+0 (double striping with distributed parity)
•RAID6 (striping with double distributed parity)
•RAID6-FR (provides the high speed rebuild function, and striping with double distributed parity)
Remember that a RAID0 configuration is not redundant. This means that if a RAID0 drive fails, the data will
not be recoverable.
This section explains the concepts and purposes (RAID level selection criteria) of the supported RAID levels.
When Nearline SAS disks that have 6TB or more are used, the available RAID levels are RAID0, RAID1, RAID6,
and RAID6-FR.
1. Function
RAID Functions
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■RAID Level Concept
A description of each RAID level is shown below.
●RAID0 (Striping)
Data is split in unit of blocks and stored across multiple drives.
Figure 1 RAID0 Concept
A
C
B
D
Data writing request
Drive#0 Drive#1
A B C D
●RAID1 (Mirroring)
The data is stored on two duplicated drives at the same time.
If one drive fails, other drive continues operation.
Figure 2 RAID1 Concept
A
B
C
D
A B C D
Data writing request
A
B
C
D
Drive#0 Drive#1
1. Function
RAID Functions
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●RAID1+0 (Striping of Pairs of Drives for Mirroring)
RAID1+0 combines the high I/O performance of RAID0 (striping) with the reliability of RAID1 (mirroring).
Figure 3 RAID1+0 Concept
Drive#3
Drive#7
D
D'
Drive#2
Drive#6
C
C'
Drive#1
Drive#5
B
B'
Drive#0
Drive#4
A
A'
Striping (RAID0)
Mirroring (RAID1)
Data writing request
A B C D
Mirroring
Mirroring
Mirroring
Mirroring
●RAID5 (Striping with Distributed Parity)
Data is divided into blocks and allocated across multiple drives together with parity information created from
the data in order to ensure the redundancy of the data.
Figure 4 RAID5 Concept
A
E
I
M
A B C D
Data writing request
B
F
J
PM, N, O, P
C
G
PI, J, K, L
N
D
PE, F, G, H
K
O
H
L
P
Create parity data
PA, B, C, D
A B DC
Drive#0 Drive#1 Drive#2 Drive#3 Drive#4
Parity for data A to D: P A, B, C, D
Parity for data E to H: P E, F, G, H
Parity for data I to L: P I, J, K, L
Parity for data M to P: P M, N, O, P
1. Function
RAID Functions
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●RAID5+0 (Double Striping with Distributed Parity)
Multiple RAID5 volumes are RAID0 striped. For large capacity configurations, RAID5+0 provides better perform-
ance, better reliability, and shorter rebuilding times than RAID5.
Figure 5 RAID5+0 Concept
Striping with
distributed parity (RAID5)
Striping (RAID0)
A
E
B
I
F
PA, B
PM, N
C
G H
PC, D
PO, P
Drive#0 Drive#1 Drive#2 Drive#3 Drive#4 Drive#5
D
K
PK, L
Striping (RAID0)
Striping with
distributed parity
(RAID5)
JL
MNOP
PE, F
PI, J
PG, H
RAID5 RAID5
A B Create parity data DCreate parity data C
Data writing request
A
B
C
D
A B C D
A B C D
1. Function
RAID Functions
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●RAID6 (Striping with Double Distributed Parity)
Allocating two different parities on different drives (double parity) makes it possible to recover from up to two
drive failures.
Figure 6 RAID6 Concept
P2 M, N, O, P
P2 I, J, K, L
A
E
I
M
AB C D
Data writing request
B
F
J
P1 M, N, O, P
C
G
P1 I, J, K, L
D
P1 E, F, G, H P2 E, F, G, H
N
K
O
P1 A, B, C, D
H
L
P
P2 A, B, C, D
A B DC Create parity data
Drive#0 Drive#1 Drive#2 Drive#3 Drive#4 Drive#5
Parity for data A to D: P1 A, B, C, D and P2 A, B, C, D
Parity for data E to H: P1 E, F, G, H and P2 E, F, G, H
Parity for data I to L: P1 I, J, K, L and P2 I, J, K, L
Parity for data M to P: P1 M, N, O, P and P2 M, N, O, P
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RAID Functions
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●RAID6-FR (Provides the High Speed Rebuild Function, and Striping with Double Distributed Parity)
Distributing multiple data groups and reserved space equivalent to hot spares to the configuration drives makes
it possible to recover from up to two drive failures. RAID6-FR requires less build time than RAID6.
Figure 7 RAID6-FR Concept
RAID6-FR ((3D+2P) × 2 + 1HS)
H
FHS
V
E
I
S
C
J
A
K
FHS
X W
F
FHS
N
T
G
Q
U
D
O
FHS
B
R
FHS
P
FHS
M
L
A B C D
Data writing request
A B C D
Create parity data Create parity data
P1 A, B, C
P1 P, Q, RP2 P, Q, R
P1 V, W, X
P1 M, N, O P2 M, N, O
P1 D, E, F
P2 J, K, L
P2 D, E, F
P1 J, K, L
P1 S, T, U
P2 G, H, I P1 G, H, I
P2 S, T, U
P2 A, B, C
P2 V, W, X
Drive#0 Drive#1 Drive#2 Drive#3 Drive#4 Drive#5 Drive#6 Drive#7 Drive#8 Drive#9 Drive#10
Parity for data A, B, C: P1 A, B, C and P2 A, B, C
Parity for data D, E, F: P1 D, E, F and P2 D, E, F
Parity for data G, H, I: P1 G, H, I and P2 G, H, I
Parity for data J, K, L: P1 J, K, L and P2 J, K, L
Parity for data M, N, O: P1 M, N, O and P2 M, N, O
Parity for data P, Q, R: P1 P, Q, R and P2 P, Q, R
Parity for data S, T, U: P1 S, T, U and P2 S, T, U
Parity for data V, W, X: P1 V, W, X and P2 V, W, X
:
Fast recovery Hot Spare: FHS
■Reliability, Performance, Capacity for Each RAID Level
Table 2 shows the comparison result of reliability, performance, capacity for each RAID level.
Table 2 RAID Level Comparison
RAID level Reliability Performance (*1) Capacity
RAID0 ´◎ ◎
RAID1 ¡¡△
RAID1+0 ¡◎ △
RAID5 ¡¡¡
RAID5+0 ¡¡¡
RAID6 ◎¡ ¡
RAID6-FR ◎¡ ¡
◎: Very good ¡: Good △: Reasonable ´: Poor
*1: Performance may differ according to the number of drives and the processing method from the host.
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RAID Functions
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■Recommended RAID Level
Select the appropriate RAID level according to the usage.
•Recommended RAID levels are RAID1, RAID1+0, RAID5, RAID5+0, RAID6, and RAID6-FR.
•When importance is placed upon read and write performance, a RAID1+0 configuration is recommended.
•For read only file servers and backup servers, RAID5, RAID5+0, RAID6, or RAID6-FR can also be used for higher
efficiency. However, if the drive fails, note that data restoration from parities and rebuilding process may re-
sult in a loss in performance.
•For SSDs, a RAID5 configuration or a fault tolerant enhanced RAID6 configuration is recommended because
SSDs operate much faster than other types of drive. For large capacity SSDs, using a RAID6-FR configuration,
which provides excellent performance for the rebuild process, is recommended.
•Using a RAID6 or RAID6-FR configuration is recommended when Nearline SAS disks that have 6TB or more are
used. For details on the RAID levels that can be configured with Nearline SAS disks that have 6TB or more,
refer to "Supported RAID" (page 13).
User Capacity (Logical Capacity)
User Capacity for Each RAID Level
The user capacity depends on the capacity of drives that configure a RAID group and the RAID level.
Table 3 shows the formula for calculating the user capacity for each RAID level.
Table 3 Formula for Calculating User Capacity for Each RAID Level
RAID level Formula for user capacity computation
RAID0 Drive capacity ´ Number of drives
RAID1 Drive capacity ´ Number of drives ¸ 2
RAID1+0 Drive capacity ´ Number of drives ¸ 2
RAID5 Drive capacity ´ (Number of drives - 1)
RAID5+0 Drive capacity ´ (Number of drives - 2)
RAID6 Drive capacity ´ (Number of drives - 2)
RAID6-FR Drive capacity ´ (Number of drives - (2 ´ N) - Number of hot spares) (*1)
*1: "N" is the number of RAID6 configuration sets. For example, if a RAID6 group is configured with "(3D+2P)
´2+1HS", N is "2".
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RAID Functions
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User Capacity of Drives
Table 4 shows the user capacity for each drive.
The supported drives vary between the ETERNUS DX60 S4 and the ETERNUS DX60 S3. For details about drives,
refer to "Overview" of the currently used storage systems.
Table 4 User Capacity per Drive
Product name (*1) User capacity
200GB SSD 186,624MB
400GB SSD 374,528MB
800GB SSD 750,080MB
960GB SSD 914,432MB
1.6TB SSD 1,501,440MB
1.92TB SSD 1,830,144MB
3.84TB SSD 3,661,568MB
300GB SAS disk 279,040MB
600GB SAS disk 559,104MB
900GB SAS disk 839,168MB
1.2TB SAS disk 1,119,232MB
1.8TB SAS disk 1,679,360MB
2.4TB SAS disk 2,239,744MB
1TB Nearline SAS disk 937,728MB
2TB Nearline SAS disk 1,866,240MB
4TB Nearline SAS disk 3,733,504MB
6TB Nearline SAS disk (*2) 5,601,024MB
8TB Nearline SAS disk (*2) 7,468,288MB
10TB Nearline SAS disk (*2) 9,341,696MB
12TB Nearline SAS disk (*2) 11,210,496MB
14TB Nearline SAS disk (*2) 13,079,296MB
*1: The capacity of the product names for the drives is based on the assumption that 1MB = 1,0002 bytes,
while the user capacity for each drive is based on the assumption that 1MB = 1,0242 bytes. Furthermore,
OS file management overhead will reduce the actual usable capacity.
The user capacity is constant regardless of the drive size (2.5"/3.5") or the SSD type (Value SSD and MLC
SSD).
*2: For details on the RAID levels that can be configured with Nearline SAS disks that have 6TB or more, refer
to "Supported RAID" (page 13).
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RAID Functions
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