Fujitsu MHJ2181AT User manual

C141-E088-03EN
MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT,
MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT
DISK DRIVES
PRODUCT MANUAL

C141-E088-03EN
FOR SAFE OPERATION
Handling of This Manual
This manual contains important information for using this product. Read thoroughly before using
the product. Use this product only after thoroughly reading and understanding especially the
section “Important Alert Items”in this manual. Keep this manual handy, and keep it carefully.
FUJITSU makes every effort to prevent users and bystanders from being injured or from suffering
damage to their property. Use the product according to this manual.
IMPORTANT NOTE TO USERS
READ THE ENTIRE MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT.
INCORRECT USE OF THE PRODUCT MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DAMAGE TO
USERS, BYSTANDERS OR PROPERTY.
While FUJITSU has sought to ensure the accuracy of all information in this manual, FUJITSU
assumes no liability to any party for any damage caused by any error or omission contained in this
manual, its updates or supplements, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence,
accident, or any other cause. In addition, FUJITSU assumes no liability with respect to the
application or use of any product or system in accordance with the descriptions or instructions
contained herein; including any liability for incidental or consequential damages arising therefrom.
FUJITSU DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN, WHETHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY.
FUJITSU reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein without further
notice and without obligation.
The contents of this manual may be revised without prior notice.
The contents of this manual shall not be disclosed in any way or reproduced in any media without
the express written permission of Fujitsu Limited.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 1999

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C141-E088-03EN
Revision History
(1/1)
Edition Date Revised section (*1)
(Added/Deleted/Altered) Details
01 1999-07-20 — —
02
03
1999-08-30
1999-10-15
Chapter 1 (Altered)
Chapter 4 (Altered)
Chapter 1 (altered)
• Shock and vibration specifications for
MHJ series added to the Table 1.6.
• 60 servo frames revolution changed to
66 servo frames revolution in the
Figure 4.7.
• Specifications of Table 1.1 is partly
modified.
• The value of duration for MHK series
on the Table 1.6 is modified.
*1 Section(s) with asterisk (*) refer to the previous edition when those were deleted.

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C141-E088-03EN i
Preface
This manual describes the MHJ Series and MHK Series, 2.5-inch hard disk drives.
These drives have a built-in controller that is compatible with the ATA interface.
This manual describes the specifications and functions of the drives and explains in
detail how to incorporate the drives into user systems. This manual assumes that
the reader has a basic knowledge of hard disk drives and their implementations in
computer systems.
This manual consists of seven chapters and sections explaining the special
terminology and abbreviations used in this manual:
Overview of Manual
CHAPTER 1 Device Overview
This chapter gives an overview of the MHJ Series and MHK Series and describes
their features.
CHAPTER 2 Device Configuration
This chapter describes the internal configurations of the MHJ Series and MHK
Series and the configuration of the systems in which they operate.
CHAPTER 3 Installation Conditions
This chapter describes the external dimensions, installation conditions, and switch
settings of the MHJ Series and MHK Series.
CHAPTER 4 Theory of Device Operation
This chapter describes the operation theory of the MHJ Series and MHK Series.
CHAPTER 5 Interface
This chapter describes the interface specifications of the MHJ Series and MHK
Series.
CHAPTER 6 Operations
This chapter describes the operations of the MHJ Series and MHK Series.
Terminology
This section explains the special terminology used in this manual.
Abbreviation
This section gives the meanings of the definitions used in this manual.

Preface
ii C141-E088-03EN
Conventions for Alert Messages
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert
message consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists of
an alert symbol and a signal word or just a signal word.
The following are the alert signals and their meanings:
This indicates a hazarous situation could result in
minor or moderate personal injury if the user does
not perform the procedure correctly. This alert signal
also indicates that damages to the product or other
property, may occur if the user does not perform the
procedure correctly.
This indicates information that could help the user
use the product more efficiently.
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message. A
wider line space precedes and follows the alert message to show where the alert
message begins and ends. The following is an example:
(Example)
Data corruption: Avoid mounting the disk drive near strong
magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk drive is
not affected by external magnetic fields.
The main alert messages in the text are also listed in the “Important Alert Items.”
Operating Environment
This product is designed to be used in offices or computer rooms.
For details regarding the operating environment of use, refer to the
(Cnnn-Xnnn) and the
(Cnnn-Xnnn).
Attention
Please forward any comments you may have regarding this manual.
To make this manual easier for users to understand, opinions from readers are
needed. Please write your opinions or requests on the Comment at the back of this
manual and forward it to the address described in the sheet.

Preface
C141-E088-03EN iii
Liability Exception
“Disk drive defects”refers to defects that involve adjustment, repair, or
replacement.
Fujitsu is not liable for any other disk drive defects, such as those caused by user
misoperation or mishandling, inappropriate operating environments, defects in the
power supply or cable, problems of the host system, or other causes outside the
disk drive.

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C141-E088-03EN v
Important Alert Items
Important Alert Messages
The important alert messages in this manual are as follows:
A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personal
injury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also,
damage to the predate or other property, may occur if the user does not
perform the procedure correctly.
Task
Alert message
Page
Normal Operation
Data corruption: Avoid mounting the disk near strong
magnetic soures such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk
drive is not affected by extrnal magnetic fields.
Stastic: When handling the device, disconnect the body
ground (500 k
Ω
or greater). Do not touch the printed circuit
board, but hold it by the edges.
3-8

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C141-E088-03EN vii
Manual Organization
MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT,
MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT
DISK DRIVES
PRODUCT MANUAL
(C141-E088)
<This manual>
•
Device Overview
•
Device Configuration
•
Installation Conditions
•
Theory of Device Operation
•
Interface
•
Operations
MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT,
MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT
DISK DRIVES
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(C141-F038)
•
Maintenance and Diagnosis
•
Removal and Replacement Procedure

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C141-E088-03EN ix
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Device Overview........................................................................1-1
1.1 Features 1-2
1.1.1 Functions and performance 1-2
1.1.2 Adaptability 1-2
1.1.3 Interface 1-3
1.2 Device Specifications 1-4
1.2.1 Specifications summary 1-4
1.2.2 Model and product number 1-5
1.3 Power Requirements 1-5
1.4 Environmental Specifications 1-7
1.5 Acoustic Noise 1-8
1.6 Shock and Vibration 1-8
1.7 Reliability 1-9
1.8 Error Rate 1-10
1.9 Media Defects 1-10
CHAPTER 2 Device Configuration................................................................2-1
2.1 Device Configuration 2-2
2.2 System Configuration 2-4
2.2.1 ATA interface 2-4
2.2.2 1 drive connection 2-4
2.2.3 2 drives connection 2-4

Contents
xC141-E088-03EN
CHAPTER 3 Installation Conditions..............................................................3-1
3.1 Dimensions 3-2
3.2 Mounting 3-4
3.3 Cable Connections 3-9
3.3.1 Device connector 3-9
3.3.2 Cable connector specifications 3-10
3.3.3 Device connection 3-10
3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1) 3-11
3.4 Jumper Settings 3-11
3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers 3-11
3.4.2 Factory default setting 3-12
3.4.3 Master drive-slave drive setting 3-12
3.4.4 CSEL setting 3-13
CHAPTER 4 Theory of Device Operation......................................................4-1
4.1 Outline 4-2
4.2 Subassemblies 4-2
4.2.1 Disk 4-2
4.2.2 Head 4-2
4.2.3 Spindle 4-3
4.2.4 Actuator 4-3
4.2.5 Air filter 4-3
4.3 Circuit Configuration 4-4
4.4 Power-on Sequence 4-6
4.5 Self-calibration 4-7
4.5.1 Self-calibration contents 4-7
4.5.2 Execution timing of self-calibration 4-8
4.5.3 Command processing during self-calibration 4-9
4.6 Read/write Circuit 4-9

Contents
C141-E088-03EN xi
4.6.1 Read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) 4-9
4.6.2 Write circuit 4-10
4.6.3 Read circuit 4-12
4.6.4 Digital PLL circuit 4-13
4.7 Servo Control 4-14
4.7.1 Servo control circuit 4-14
4.7.2 Data-surface servo format 4-18
4.7.3 Servo frame format 4-18
4.7.4 Actuator motor control 4-19
4.7.5 Spindle motor control 4-20
CHAPTER 5 Interface.....................................................................................5-1
5.1 Physical Interface 5-2
5.1.1 Interface signals 5-2
5.1.2 Signal assignment on the connector 5-3
5.2 Logical Interface 5-6
5.2.1 I/O registers 5-7
5.2.2 Command block registers 5-8
5.2.3 Control block registers 5-13
5.3 Host Commands 5-13
5.3.1 Command code and parameters 5-14
5.3.2 Command descriptions 5-16
5.3.3 Error posting 5-77
5.4 Command Protocol 5-79
5.4.1 Data transferring commands from device to host 5-79
5.4.2 Data transferring commands from host to device 5-81
5.4.3 Commands without data transfer 5-83
5.4.4 Other commands 5-84
5.4.5 DMA data transfer commands 5-84
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set 5-86
5.5.1 Overview 5-86

Contents
xii C141-E088-03EN
5.5.2 Phases of operation 5-87
5.5.2.1 Ultra DMA burst initiation phase 5-87
5.5.2.2 Data transfer phase 5-88
5.5.2.3 Ultra DMA burst termination phase 5-88
5.5.3 Ultra DMA data in commands 5-89
5.5.3.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-89
5.5.3.2 The data in transfer 5-90
5.5.3.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-90
5.5.3.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-91
5.5.4 Ultra DMA data out commands 5-94
5.5.4.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-94
5.5.4.2 The data out transfer 5-94
5.5.4.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-95
5.5.4.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-96
5.5.5 Ultra DMA CRC rules 5-98
5.5.6 Series termination required for Ultra DMA 5-100
5.6 Timing 5-101
5.6.1 PIO data transfer 5-101
5.6.2 Multiword DMA data transfer 5-103
5.6.3 Transfer of Ultra DMA data 5-104
5.6.3.1 Starting of Ultra DMA data In Burst 5-104
5.6.3.2 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements 5-105
5.6.3.3 Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst 5-107
5.6.3.4 Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-108
5.6.3.5 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-109
5.6.3.6 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-110
5.6.3.7 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-111
5.6.3.8 Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst 5-112
5.6.3.9 Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-113
5.6.3.10 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-114
5.6.3.11 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-115
5.6.4 Power-on and reset 5-116

Contents
C141-E088-03EN xiii
CHAPTER 6 Operations.................................................................................6-1
6.1 Device Response to the Reset 6-2
6.1.1 Response to power-on 6-2
6.1.2 Response to hardware reset 6-4
6.1.3 Response to software reset 6-5
6.1.4 Response to diagnostic command 6-6
6.2 Address Translation 6-7
6.2.1 Default parameters 6-7
6.2.2 Logical address 6-8
6.3 Power Save 6-9
6.3.1 Power save mode 6-9
6.3.2 Power commands 6-11
6.4 Defect Management 6-11
6.4.1 Spare area 6-12
6.4.2 Alternating defective sectors 6-12
6.5 Read-Ahead Cache 6-14
6.5.1 Data buffer configuration 6-14
6.5.2 Caching operation 6-14
6.5.3 Usage of read segment 6-16
6.5.3.1 Mis-hit (no hit) 6-16
6.5.3.2 Sequential read 6-17
6.5.3.3 Full hit (hit all) 6-20
6.5.3.4 Partially hit 6-21
6.6 Write Cache 6-22
Glossary .................................................................................................GL-1
Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................AB-1
Index ...................................................................................................IN-1

Contents
xiv C141-E088-03EN
Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1.1 Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V when power is turned on 1-6
Figure 2.1 Disk drive outerview (the MHJ Series and MHK Series) 2-2
Figure 2.2 Configuration of disk media heads 2-3
Figure 2.3 1 drive system configuration 2-4
Figure 2.4 2 drives configuration 2-4
Figure 3.1 Dimensions (MHJ/MHK series) 3-2
Figure 3.2 Orientation (Sample: MHJ2181AT) 3-4
Figure 3.3 Mounting frame structure 3-5
Figure 3.4 Location of breather 3-6
Figure 3.5 Surface temperature measurement points (Sample: MHJ2181AT)
3-7
Figure 3.6 Service area (Sample: MHJ2181AT) 3-8
Figure 3.7 Connector locations (Sample: MHJ2181AT) 3-9
Figure 3.8 Cable connections 3-10
Figure 3.9 Power supply connector pins (CN1) 3-11
Figure 3.10 Jumper location 3-11
Figure 3.11 Factory default setting 3-12
Figure 3.12 Jumper setting of master or slave device 3-12
Figure 3.13 CSEL setting 3-13
Figure 3.14 Example (1) of Cable Select 3-13
Figure 3.15 Example (2) of Cable Select 3-14
Figure 4.1 Head structure 4-3
Figure 4.2 Circuit Configuration 4-5
Figure 4.3 Power-on operation sequence 4-7
Figure 4.4 Read/write circuit block diagram 4-11
Figure 4.5 Frequency characteristic of programmable filter 4-12
Figure 4.6 Block diagram of servo control circuit 4-14
Figure 4.7 Physical sector servo configuration on disk surface 4-16
Figure 4.8 Servo frame format 4-18
Figure 5.1 Interface signals 5-2
Figure 5.2 Execution example of READ MULTIPLE command 5-20
Figure 5.3 Read Sector(s) command protocol 5-80

Contents
C141-E088-03EN xv
Figure 5.4 Protocol for command abort 5-81
Figure 5.5 WRITE SECTOR(S) command protocol 5-82
Figure 5.6 Protocol for the command execution without data transfer 5-
84
Figure 5.7 Normal DMA data transfer 5-85
Figure 5.8 An example of generation of parallel CRC 5-99
Figure 5.9 Ultra DMA termination with pull-up or pull-down 5-100
Figure 5.10 Data transfer timing 5-102
Figure 5.11 Multiword DMA data transfer timing (mode 2) 5-103
Figure 5.12 Starting of Ultra DMA data In Burst transfer 5-104
Figure 5.13 Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst 5-107
Figure 5.14 Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-108
Figure 5.15 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-109
Figure 5.16 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-110
Figure 5.17 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-111
Figure 5.18 Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst 5-112
Figure 5.19 Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-113
Figure 5.20 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-114
Figure 5.21 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-115
Figure 5.22 Power on Reset Timing 5-116
Figure 6.1 Response to power-on 6-3
Figure 6.2 Response to hardware reset 6-4
Figure 6.3 Response to software reset 6-5
Figure 6.4 Response to diagnostic command 6-6
Figure 6.5 Address translation (example in CHS mode) 6-8
Figure 6.6 Address translation (example in LBA mode) 6-9
Figure 6.7 Sector slip processing 6-12
Figure 6.8 Alternate cylinder assignment 6-13
Figure 6.9 Data buffer configuration 6-14
Tables
Table 1.1 Specifications 1-4
Table 1.2 Model names and product numbers 1-5
Table 1.3 Current and power dissipation 1-6
Table 1.4 Environmental specifications 1-7
Table 1.5 Acoustic noise specification 1-8
Table 1.6 Shock and vibration specification 1-8
Table 3.1 Surface temperature measurement points and standard values
3-7