FYBIKON DM241013 User manual
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Air track
DM241013 (Track+ accessories)
DM241014 (Air blower)
DM241016 (Electromagnetic launcher)
Air track
2
Composition
DM241013 - Air track + accessories
-1 aluminium track, 1.85 m long, with scale and adjustable feet
-2 plastic gliders (45 g)
-10 additional 5 g masses
-1 hook accessory for accelerometer (0.8 g)
-1 spring accessory for elastic collisions (0.7 g)
-2 hook and loop for inelastic collisions (2x2 g)
-2 photogate brackets
-2 barrier rods for photogates (0.8 g)
-1 pulley holder with thread for accelerometer
-1 elastic launcher
-1 brake
-1 connection hose
-1 spirit level
DM241014 - Air track blower
-1 variable speed blower
-1 power lead
DM241016 - Electromagnetic launcher for air track
-1 electromagnetic launcher
-1 jack lead for connecting a timer
-2 different calibrating springs
-1 launcher accessory (16 g)
Recommended environment:
DM241012 - Timer + 2 photogates
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Description
This apparatus allows single-direction motion to
be studied whilst virtually eliminating friction
thanks to the air cushion technique.
This consists of creating a thin cushion of air
between 2 flat parts (track and glider) and
raising the glider slightly, thereby eliminating
friction. To achieve this, compressed air is
injected into the cavity underneath the track,
which has small holes all along its length (cf.
diagram opposite).
Setting up and use
1- Basic setup
-Take the track out of the cardboard
tube. Fix the adjustable feet
underneath the track at either end
(foot alone on one side and adjusting
bar on the other).
-Place the spirit level on the glider and place
the glider on the track. Then adjust until the
glider is perfectly horizontal by turning the
adjusting screws.
-Connect the hose to the track inlet.
Unscrew the plug, slide it onto the hose
with the white flange.
Screw the plug onto the fitting.
Air track
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-Take the air blower out of its packaging
and connect the hose to the outlet in
exactly the same way.
-Connect the power lead to blower.
WARNING: Check that the variator switch is on the lowest setting.
Start the blower.
-Place a glider on the track and increase the blower power until it
moves without any friction.
Stop the glider and finely adjust the horizontality of the track so that
the glider no longer moves.
-Fit the glider brake on the end (cover
side).
Fit the elastic launcher at the other
end.
2- Setup for uniformly accelerated motion
or as an inclined plane
-On the cover end replace the glider
brake with the pulley holder.
-Fit the hook accessory onto the glider.
Attach the thread to the hook, then
attach the other end to a mass.
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3- Setup with electromagnetic launcher
-Replace the elastic launcher with the
electromagnetic launcher.
Connect the launcher to a 12V power
supply.
Place one of the springs at the front.
-Fit the launcher accessory on the
glider.
OPERATION:
Place the launcher accessory against the launcher, compressing the
spring. Press the button to hold the glider in position. When you let go
of the button, the glider is released and propelled by the spring.
If using with a timer, it is possible to connect the launcher directly to
the START socket on the timer to trigger the timer as soon as the
button is released.
NB: START contact mode must be "closed" (LED off).
Air track
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4- Setup with timer
-Fix the 2 photogate brackets onto the
track using the nuts pre-mounted on
the track.
-Unpack the timer and fit the 2
photogates onto the sensor brackets
-Put the photogate barrier rods on the
gliders. Pass the glider under the
photogate to check that it cuts
through the beam without touching
the sensor. If it does not, adjust the
sensor height.
-Connect the photogates to the START
and STOP terminals on the timer.
Connect the timer.
The timer will display the time the
glider takes to cover the distance
between the 2 photogates.
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Experiments
1. Uniform rectilinear motion
-Launch the glider using the electromagnetic launcher and one of the
springs in order to have a repeatable launch.
-
-Place the photogates x mm apart and measure the glider's travel time
between the 2 photogates.
-Repeat the operation moving the 2 photogates further along the track
(keeping the x mm gap between them).
-This demonstrates that the travel time between the photogates is the
same whatever their position on the track.
The velocity is therefore constant.
Air track
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2. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion
-Equip the track with the pulley holder (see §3.2) and the glider with
the hook accessory (0.8g).
-Fasten the string to the glider and place a hooked weight (mass M) at
the other end (passing the thread over the pulley).
-Release the glider using the launcher (without a spring).
-Place the photogates x mm apart and measure the glider's travel time
between the 2 photogates.
-Repeat the operation 3 times moving the 2 photogates X mm further
along the track (keeping the x mm gap between them).
-This demonstrates that the travel time increases along the track.
The velocity increases constantly.
The acceleration is constant.
-In addition, the force exerted on the glider is:
-If we balance the forces at the weighted mass, this gives:
With
and
with opposite directions
-Now
and as the acceleration of the glider is the same as that
of the mass,
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3. Elastic interaction
-Place approximately the same weight on the 2 gliders, remembering
that the first glider is equipped with the launcher accessory (16 g) and
the second with the spring (0.7 g).
-Position the first glider on the launcher and the second stopped in the
middle of the track.
-Measure the velocity of the first glider (before the impact).
This gives you the initial momentum:
-Measure the velocity of the first glider after the impact.
To do this, place the photogates after the second glider, from which
barrier rod has been removed.
You can then calculate the momentum of the 1st glider after the
impact:
-Measure the velocity of the second glider after the impact.
To do this, place the photogates after the second glider. Remove the
barrier rod from the first glider.
You can then calculate the momentum of the 2nd glider after the
impact:
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-This demonstrates that the momentum is conserved:
-In addition, as the kinetic energy is conserved:
This gives:
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4. Inelastic interaction
-Set up the same configuration as before, but this time equip the two
gliders with the hook and loop accessories (2 x 2 g).
-Position the first glider on the launcher and the second stopped in the
middle of the track.
-Measure the velocity of the first glider (before the impact).
This gives you the initial momentum:
-Measure the velocity of the 2-glider assembly after the impact.
To do this, place the photogates after the second glider, from which
the barrier rod has been removed.
You can then calculate the momentum of the 1st glider after the
impact:
-This demonstrates that the momentum is conserved:
-This gives:
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5. Inclined plane
-Using a lab stand, raised the end equipped with the launcher until the
track is at an angle from horizontal.
-Release the glider using the launcher (without a spring).
-Place the photogates x mm apart and measure the glider's travel time
between the 2 photogates.
-Repeat the operation 3 times moving the 2 photogates X mm further
along the track (keeping the x mm gap between them).
-This demonstrates that the travel time increases along the track.
The velocity increases constantly.
The acceleration is constant.
-If we calculate the balance of forces at the glider in relation to axis of
the track, this gives:
Namely:
This manual suits for next models
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