GRAUPNER Rotaryselect mc-16 Owner's manual

Contents
2
mc-16/20 Computer System 3 – 5
Basic Installation Instructions......................................6 – 9
Connecting External Elements........................................10
Installing Modules ...........................................................11
Compatibility ...................................................................12
Starting Out.....................................................................12
Multi-Data Terminal.........................................................13
Software Structure ..........................................................14
Switching On, System Menu Block Diagram...................14
Modulation Mode.............................................................15
Model Type .....................................................................15
Control Mode...................................................................15
Throttle Direction.............................................................16
Model Name....................................................................16
NAUTIC Program ............................................................ 16
Initialise Data (Reset Model) ...........................................17
Model Select ...................................................................17
Receiver Connections ..................................................... 17
General Instructions........................................................ 18
Switching On, Menu Block Diagram................................ 19
Menu Selection:
Dual-Rate........................................................................20
Exponential .....................................................................20
Exponential / Dual-Rate ..................................................20
Servo Reverse ................................................................21
Servo Neutral ..................................................................21
Servo Throw....................................................................21
Description of Mixers....................................................... 22
Freely Programmable Mixers ..........................................22
Stopwatch and Alarm Timer.................................... 23 – 24
Fail Safe Memory, Receiver Battery Fail Safe ........24 – 25
Examples of Prepared Programs ............................ 26 – 27
STANDARD “FL”
Description, Connection Diagram ................................... 28
Menu Block Diagram....................................................... 29
Diagram of Adjustments.......................................... 30 – 31
Combi-Mix (Aileron ÆRudder) ....................................... 32
Mixer, Flap ÆElevator.................................................... 32
Mixer, Elevator ÆFlap.................................................... 32
Control Programmes (V-Tail, Delta)................................ 33
UNIFLY “UN”
Description, Connection Diagram ................................... 34
Menu Block Diagram....................................................... 35
Diagram of Adjustments.......................................... 36 – 37
Mixer, Flap ÆFlaperon................................................... 38
Combi-Mix (Aileron ÆRudder) ....................................... 38
Differential Mixer ..................................................... 38 – 39
Mixer, Flap ÆElevator.................................................... 39
Mixer, Elevator ÆFlap.................................................... 39
V-Tail Mixer..................................................................... 40
Mixer, Spoiler ÆElevator ............................................... 40
F3B / Butterfly “Fb”
Description, Connection Diagram ................................... 42
Menu Block Diagram....................................................... 43
Diagram of Adjustments.......................................... 44 – 45
Mixer, Flap ÆFlaperon................................................... 46
Differential Mixer ............................................................. 46
Combi-Mix (Aileron ÆRudder) ....................................... 47
Mixer, Flap ÆElevator.................................................... 47
Mixer, Elevator ÆFlap.................................................... 47
V-Tail Mixer..................................................................... 48
Butterfly Mixer as a landing aid............................... 49 – 50
AEROBATIC “AC”
Description, Connection Diagram ................................... 52
Menu Block Diagram....................................................... 53
Diagram of Adjustments.......................................... 54 – 55
Automatic Flight Manoeuvre (Snap Roll)......................... 56
Dual-Rate / Exponential auto-coupling.................... 56 – 57
Automatic Landing .................................................. 57 – 58
Combi-Mix (Aileron ÆRudder) ....................................... 58
Mixer, Elevator ÆFlap.................................................... 58
Control Programmes (V-Tail, Delta)................................ 59
General Organisation of the Helicopter Model ........ 60 – 61
Description, Connection Diagram ................................... 62
Menu Block Diagram....................................................... 63
Diagram of Adjustments.......................................... 64 – 65
Adjustment Instructions: ............................................. 66
Swashplate Type ............................................................ 67
Servo Reverse ................................................................ 68
Servo Neutral.................................................................. 68
Servo Throw ................................................................... 68
Throttle – Collective Pitch Curve, Basic Explanation ........... 69
Throttle – Collective Pitch Curve, Practical Process .... 70 – 71
Throttle Curve ......................................................... 72 – 73
Collective Pitch Curve............................................. 74 – 75
Autorotation .................................................................... 76
Static Torque Compensation .......................................... 77
Dynamic Torque Compensation ..................................... 77
Gyro Gain (Gyro Control)........................................ 78 – 79
Freely Programmable Mixers.......................................... 80
Dual-Rate / Exponential.................................................. 81
Stopwatch and Alarm Timer............................................ 82
Fail Safe Memory, Receiver Battery Fail Safe ................ 83
Multi Proportional Functions ................................... 84 – 85
Expert Switching Functions..................................... 86 – 87
Combination Multi Prop. & Expert Module .............. 88 – 89
Display Error Messages.................................................. 90
Switches, Modules.................................................. 91 – 92
Receivers........................................................................ 93
Transmitter Accessories ......................................... 94 – 95
Teacher / Pupil................................................................ 96
Final Notes...................................................................... 97
Quartz Crystals, Frequency Flags................................... 98
Technical Data................................................................ 99
General Equipment Approvals ...................................... 100
Approval Documents........................................... 101 – 103
General Instructions
S
y
stem Usa
g
e
(
Fixed-Win
g
& Helicopter Models
)
Operatin
g
S
y
stem
Fixed-Win
g
Models
Helicopter “HE”
NAUTIC
A
ppendix

mc-16/20
Expandable Radio Control Set for a maximum of 16 channels
3
Using the proven computer system mc-16 as the
basis of the new mc-16/20 Microcomputer Remote
Control set was developed. With the series already
equipped with 20 model memories, the mc-16/20
offers features to beginners and more experienced
equally.
The controls and ergonomically optimised transmitter
case have been developed further and gain an LCD
for precise and clear display of all functions. It also
enables, even in bright sunlight, secure adjusting
and reading of all model-specific parameters.
A more intelligent chip and complex software offer a
maximum of security and reliability. Owing to this
innovative technology, modules for the
implementation of complex coupled functions are no
longer required in the transmitter, and complex
mechanical mixers become unnecessary in the
model construction.
The program selection, based on experience, are
simpler and offer the scope and flexibility to adjust
complex control functions to suit the requirements of
the user. In particular, importance was attached to
the interests of the intermediate user.
The user is persuaded by the simple and clear menu
structure, and the conveniently fast selection of most
functions. In addition, the mc-16/20 copes with every
request up to the demanding competition application.
Half the program functions are common to the five
different model types. Each type of model, from the
simple glider to the modern high speed helicopter,
contains model type specific functions, which allow
programming of a flight model. Depending upon
personal requirement and operator ability, individual
functions can be switched off with optional external
switches.
You should take notice of the organisation of the
completely revised programming manual, and in
particular to the clear and detailed operation and
programming structure it represents.
Since the software covers special programs for the
operation of both fixed-wing models and modern
model helicopters, the operating instruction are
arranged into several sections:
After a section concerning general operating
instructions, the second section gives transmitter
basic adjustments. Thus adjustments independent of
model type, are described like model storage, name,
type and modulation mode, among other things.
Following this are adjustments such as servo
direction, servo reversal, freely programmable
Mixers, etc., since these functions are common to all
model types at your disposal. Afterwards the
program descriptions for model types of the class of
gliders and power planes follows.
STANDARD,
UNIFLY,
F3B / BUTTERFLY and
AEROBATIC.
The fifth model type is dedicated to the helicopter. It
covers all adjustment possibilities that available for
the programming of a helicopter, even if they were
already described for the fixed-wing models. This
saves time consuming paging back and forward the
instructions. Due to the complexity of the programs
with this type of model it is recommended to observe
the suggested programming order.
The reference sections are placed in front of the
program sections for each type of model, and
functions in clear flow charts and menu diagrams.
Block diagrams clarify, in a simple way, the signal
flow through the different functions that can be
modified and between the control sticks and receiver
outputs.
In the appendices the NAUTIC multi-function module
is presented. It also contains information about
further accessories, technical data etc.
Is advised that the beginner and less experienced
model fliers initially attach as many servos as
possible to the receiver and to first complete all
functions in accordance with the guidance. He will
learn, in the shortest possible time, the main
operating steps of the mc-16/20 required to be able
to make a meaningful program for the model to be
finished.
Kirchheim Teck, in June 1993.

COMPUTER-SYSTEM mc-16/20
With ROTARY SELECT Programming
4 General Section
High security using modern single chip computer
technology. Newly developed LCD multi-data display
with integrated static driver for precise, clear digital
display. The extremely high contrast enables, even
with bright sunlight, a precise check of the functions
displayed in the transmitter display such as operating
voltage, input data, mixer functions, settings,
direction of rotation, trim and programming
information with multi-function programs.
•The transmitter has a 20 model memory with
integrated backup Lithium battery (life span
approx. 5 years).
•New, improved 6 key input terminal for program
selection and adjustments (ROLL UP, ROLL
DOWN, CH SEL, INC, DEC and CLEAR).
•Large, clear LCD multi-data display for
adjustment of programs as well as input and
viewing of data.
•Adjustable precision, height and spring centring
force control sticks with electronic trim.
•High speed CPU with 10 bit A/D converter.
•Programming simplified by versatile and simple
multi-function menus in combination with the new
Rotary Select technology.
•New Real Time Processing system (RTP),
programming with direct reading.
•Programmable Dual rate for three servo functions
and adjustable between 0 and 125%.
•Exponential control characteristic switchable
between two values for three servo functions.

General Section 5
•Sub Trim system for the neutral adjustment of all
Servos and adjustment of older makes of servos
with inconvenient neutral.
•Servo Throw (adjustment of full servo travel)
adjustable between 0 and 160%. Allows setting
symmetrically or asymmetrically to allow the
servo to move more less in one direction
•Reverse function for all Servos.
•Differential mixer for ailerons.
•Selector for the easy switching of the control
mode 1... 4 (throttle on the right left).
•Switchable modulation system PPM or PCM.
PCM operation is only possible with the receivers
mc-12, mc-18, mc-20 and DS 20-mc.
•High security by precise digital display of the
operational data.
•Integrated computer alarm system.
•Stopwatch and alarm timer, linked to throttle stick.
•expandable with the Multi-Prop and NAUTIC-
Expert modules.
•Can use all proportional & switch modules as well
as external switches of FM 6014/4014 systems.
•Minimum switch computer concept. The system
automatically switches functions, for safety
reasons, if the beginner model constructor does
without the switch.
•Five simple, yet complex, fixed-wing multifunction
core programs, for F3A, F3B, F3C, F3D and F3E
(completely programmed multi-mixer units, which
can be stopped by using additional mixers
accordingly).
•Mixer for V-tail and delta models.
•Super helicopter program for normal swashplate,
HEIM, 120° systems or those with four linkages.
•Three freely programmable mixers.
mc-16/20
16 Channel Microcomputer Radio Control system
Sets
Part No. 4838* for the 35 MHz band
Part No. 4845* for the 40 MHz band
* In each case the transmitter battery, 9.6v / 1.4
Âh (Part No. 3407) needs to be added separately.
The sets contain
8 Channel Microcomputer ROTARYSOFT mc-16/20
Transmitter, expandable to 16 channels.
HF Transmitter module of the appropriate frequency.
16 channel MINI-SUPERHET C 16 S of the
appropriate frequency.
Servo C 507
Switch harness
Pair of quartz crystals from the appropriate
frequency band.
Power supply for transmitters and receivers
Removable 9.6v batteries for transmitters
Part No.
3407 Varta RSE 9.6v / 1700mAh
3208 Sanyo KR 9.6v / 1300mAh
3210 Graupner 9.6v / 700mAh
3408 Varta RS 9.6v / 500mAh
Removable 4.8v batteries for receivers
Part No.
3465 Varta RSH 4.8v / 2000mAh
3448 Varta RSE 4.8v / 1700mAh
3464 Sanyo KR 4.8v / 1400mAh
3444 Varta RS 4.8v / 600mAh
3446 Varta RS 4.8v / 600mAh
3463 Sanyo AA 4.8v / 300mAh1)
1)For special applications (short time use)
Further 4.8v batteries see Graupner main catalogue.
For fitting into the battery carrier
(designed for recipient 4 batteries)
Part No.
3659 Varta RS 1.2v / 500mAh
3617 Graupner RS 1.2v / 500mAh
Accessory for transmitters (see pages 94 – 95)
Part No. 1127 Transmitter Carrier
Part No. 1125 Wide Strap
Part No. 3082 PROFI transmitter tray
Part No. 3087 PROFI transmitter protector
Spare Parts
Part No. 4300.6 Telescopic Transmitter Aerial
Short Helical Aerial
Can be screwed on in place of the telescopic aerial
contained in the Transmitter. See page 95.
Individual HF Transmitter modules
Part No. 4824.35 for 35Mhz band.
Part No. 4824.40 for 40Mhz band.
Individual Receiver C 16 S
Part No. 3867 for 35Mhz band.
Part No. 4067 for 40Mhz band.
Further accessories – see the appendix and
Graupner main catalogue.

Operating Instructions
6 General Section
Opening the Transmitter case
The removable back of the case is held by one
locking catch and two interlock sliding catches.
Before opening the Transmitter ensure the power
switch is OFF. The sliding catches are moved
against the direction of arrow (inward) until they hit
the stop, then case back can be opened. To close,
insert the case back into the housing at the lower
edge. Push it closed and then slide both caches in
direction of the arrow (outward).
Changing the proportional control sticks and
changing the centring force.
Both vertical control stick directions can be changed
between centring or non-centring (e.g. throttle on the
right or left). With the transmitter open and at the
appropriate centring lever, notice the feather/spring
(figure below. Lift up the centring lever to be able to
get access, remove and keep the spring.
In the case of mechanical conversion of the throttle
function, an electronic conversion of the control
functions must also be made using the code "MOD"
during the basic transmitter programming, see page
15. The ratchet strap provided in the accessories is
mounted to the two captive nuts on the inside of the
control stick units (photograph on the right).
The resistance to movement of the control stick can
be adjusted between low to high by tightening or
loosening of the adjusting screw.
The centring force of the control sticks can be
adjusted at the screws indicated in the figure by an
arrow:
Clockwise rotation – centring force higher
Anti-clockwise rotation - centring force lower

General Section 7
Power Supply
The battery tray in the transmitter is equipped with a
9.6v battery.
Different battery types are available to be selected.
Into the battery mounting for the receiver, insert four
AA cells of 1.2v and between 500 and 600mAh.
Instead of the battery mounting, or in addition, a 4.8v
battery with miniature plug can be used, see page 5.
Pay attention to the full battery voltage. If the rudder
moves noticeably more slowly or display the goes
under 9.6v back then stop operation and load new
batteries (or recharge).
Charger devices and batteries - see Graupner main
catalogue telex.
Your contribution to environmental protection:
Do not throw to used up batteries into the domestic
refuse, but take these to an appropriate collecting
point, in order for them to be recycled or disposed of
in an environmentally friendly way.
Charging of the Transmitter battery
The rechargeable transmitter battery can be charged
in the Transmitter using the socket on the side of the
case. The set must be switched OFF while charging.
When using the automatic MULTILADER 5B or 6E
the connection is made by charging cable Part No.
3022. For the MULTILADER 5 it is necessary to use
the polarised charging cable Part No. 3040.
The remote control system is equipped with a
reverse connection protection circuit for charging of
the Transmitter battery. Thus damage is prevented
by incorrect polarity or short-circuit. In order to
disable this reverse current protection (e.g. for
measuring purposes or when connecting an
automatic loader), it is necessary that the enclosed
two-pole plug link is attached directly to the link pins
as short circuiting bridge.
During rapid charging the transmitter battery
charging current must not exceed 1.5A.
Charging the receiver battery.
The charging cable Part. No. 3021 for
MULTILADERS 5B and MULTILADER 6E can used
to connect the receiver battery directly to the
charger. If the battery is in the model, then charging
cables Part. No. 3023, 3046, 3377, 3934 or 3934,3
are attached making use of the connector integrated
into the receiver switch harness. For the universal
battery charger MULTILADER 5 the polarised
charging cable Part. No. 3041 is necessary.
The period of operation of receiver batteries depends
heavily on the battery type and on the frequency of
servo movements and their load. In the PCM mode
the "Fail Safe" function can be activated, which will
display when the receiver battery falls below to a
certain voltage, see page 25.

Operating Instructions
8 General Section
Frequency band and Channel change
Change frequency band: The Transmitter can be
operated on different frequency bands by changing
the High Frequency module. The removable HF
module is held by four sprung pin fittings in the
centre of the Transmitter. Two cables must be
attached. Link 1connects to the Transmitter circuit
board. Link 2connects the HF module to the aerial.
Changes of the HF channels: The channel is
determined by the crystal. Only crystals of the
correct type and the appropriate frequency band may
be used (see page 98).
The Transmitter crystals “T” is put into the HF
module. Frequency band and channel number of the
crystal inserted must correspond with that in the
Receiver.
Installation the Module
The Transmitter case is pre-drilled for the installation
of the modules, like NAUTIC, Proportional and
Switch Module. The blanking caps in the holes of the
case can be removed pushing them outward with an
appropriate object. To complete the assembly of the
Proportional and Switch modules, Part. No. 4152 or
4151, they must be connected to the HF module.
The NAUTIC modules are installed by inserting the
controls through the pre-drilled holes in the case
(from the inside) (see next paragraph "fastening the
modules"). Ensure that the connection socket of
these modules points to the centre of the transmitter.

General Section 9
Fasten the NAUTIC modules
Insert the module into the intended location and that
check it fits correctly. The protective plastic film on
the printed fascia plate can be now taken off. Then
remove the backing paper of the double sided tape
and the attach the fascia plate lightly pressing it
down. Insert the module from the inside into the
prepared module location. The module is secured by
fitting the washers and nuts to the potentiometers or
switches and carefully tightening them with a suitable
tool. Finally, mount the control knobs to the
potentiometers so they correspond with the scale
markings.
Length adjustment of the control sticks
The length of the control sticks can be adjusted up to
the maximum length marking on the stick shaft.
INC/DEC Keys
By installation of a 2 way momentary switch, Part.
No. 4160.44, the functions of the INC /DEC keys
can be taken over. The connection is made to the
sockets marked INC and DEC on the transmitter
circuit board, see page 10.
The switch increases the operating ease, especially
when model-specific values are programmed during
operation.
Assembly of the Transmitter Carriers
The transmitter can be equipped with the transmitter
mounting Part. No. 1127. Open the transmitter case
and in remove the bottom blanking caps. The bottom
of the case is already prepared for the assembly.
The four mounting plate holes in the bottom of the
case can be opened up by boring through using a
screwdriver. From inside the case, insert the metal
arms through the mounting holes. The plastic
mounting plates are fed over the metal arms and
screwed to the outside of the case, with two screws
each. The carrier arms are strongly retained up a
long coil spring. If softer folding of the carrier arms is
required, the spring must be shortened accordingly.

Connection of External Module Installation
Control Elements Pattern
10 General Section
Model Type
External Switch
Connection Standard “FL” Unifly “UN” F3B/Butterfly “Fb” Aerobatic “AC” Helicopter “HE”
0 Dual-Rate and Exponential for: Aileron Roll
1 Dual-Rate and Exponential for: Elevator Pitch
2 Dual-Rate and Exponential for: Rudder Tail Rotor
3 Combi-mix (Aileron Ö Rudder) Autorotation
4 Mixer Elevator Ö Flap Throttle Pre-set (Idle Up)
Collective Pitch Curve
Mixer Flap Ö Elevator Mixer Flap
Ö Elevator Auto-landing Throttle Pre-set (Idle Up)
Collective Pitch Curve
5 Freely Programmable Mixer C
- Differential Mixer Differential Mixer Snap Roll Static / Dynamic Torque
Com
p
ensation
6 Freely Programmable Mixer B
- Mixer Spoiler
Ö Elevator Butterfly
Ö Aileron, Elevator &
Fla
p
Mixer Snap Roll Gyro Gain
7 Freely Programmable Mixer A
Function Modules
See page 91

General Section 11
Switches, Controls Transmitter Modules
See page 91

Compatibility of Computer Systems Basics
mc-16/20
12 General Section
The mc-16/20 transmitter can be operated with all
currently available Graupner FM PPM receivers, as
well as other receivers with negative going pulses,
from the 35 and 40 MHz frequency band. Slight
reduction of servo travel can become countered by
the transmitter up to a maximum of ±160%. Also the
neutral position of servos attached receiver channels
1 to 8 can be adapted in ±125 steps, which is
approximately ±70% of normal travel, for all 8
Servos.
In the mc-16/20 Transmitter an FM quartz crystal
(black plastic cap) with corresponding channel
number must be used.
Part No. 3864, or
3264 for the 35 MHz band
Part No. 4064 for the 40 MHz band
Alternatively, the GRUNDIG receiver can be used,
but it is to be made certain that these are equipped
with a GRUNDIG FM quartz (green tab).
A protective plastic film is attached to the input
keyboard of the transmitter, and can be taken off.
Only switch on transmitter with the aerial screwed in,
otherwise it may malfunction and damage the HF
module.
The allocation of the receiver outlets depends on the
type of model selected, and is described on pages
28, 34, 42, 52 and 62.
In order to avoid uncontrolled movements of the
servos attached to receiver outlets, first switch the
transmitter on, then switch on the receiver. After the
relevant operations switch off the receiver, then the
transmitter.
Range Check
With a new model a range test on the ground, with
the transmitter antenna screwed in but not extended,
should be completed before the first flight. The
model should be tested with the engine running and
if available check the fail-safe operation.
Adjustment of the transmitter aerial
In the direction of the extension of the transmitter
antenna, only a small field strength is formed. It is
therefore wrong to point the antenna directly at the
model.

Multi Data Terminal
General Section 13
Multi Data Information Display
The clear LCD MULTIDATA display with a static
driver, was developed for the mc-16/20 Computer
System. It offers a improved safety during operation,
since all important functions are displayed. Even in
bright sunlight, all the parameters on the display are
represented in high contrast.
Possible screen-displays of the
"Basic Transmitter Information":
•Normal operation
Three figure model name (or model number and
type) and battery condition (under load) in volts. On
pressing of the CLEAR key the current modulation
mode is briefly displayed in place of the model name,
as "F" (FM-PPM) or "C" (PCM) in conjunction with
the type of model "FL, UN, Fb, AC or HE".
•Stop watch / alarm timer (see pages 23 - 24)
The upper display line changes, as soon as CH SEL
is pressed.
•Battery alarm
When the battery voltage drops under 9.0v the
display alternating between the normal data and
“BAT” caption. An audible warning signal sounds in
parallel to it seven times consecutively. Landing of a
model aircraft must made immediately after the
"BAT" alarm display is reached, to allow recharging
of transmitter battery.
Operation of the Multi Data Input Terminal
The program of the Transmitter is organised and
uses only six keys for simple and clear programming.
If a key remain pressed continuously, the instruction
and setting codes automatically change with
increased rate until the key is released.
Scroll through the menu of available
options: upwards.
Scroll through the menu of available
options: downwards.
Pressed Simultaneously
 
= +
Programming mode is entered and
left (when both buttons pressed
together).
Channel Selection and branching
forwards into subroutines.
Note:
The function of the INC and DEC keys can
undertaken by a 2 way momentary switch, Part.
No. 4160.44, which is connected to the sockets on
the circuit board in the Transmitter intended for this
function.
Pressed Simultaneously
 
= +
Channel Selection and branching
backwards into subroutines (when
both buttons pressed together).
Adjustment key for increasing values
in Direct Mode.
Adjustment key for decreasing values
in Direct Mode.
Delete key, resetting adjustments to
default values.

System Menu
Using the system for the first time and programming
the basic transmitter data
14 System Menu
Software Structure
The software is divided into two menus, which are
activated in different ways.
1. System Menu
Adjusting the basic transmitter functions.
2. Set-Up Menu
Selecting, activating and programming the model
specific data.
In each of these menus, the individual codes can be
called up in rotation by the ROLL UP (upwards) or
ROLL DN (Roll Down, downwards) buttons. When
you reach the bottom code, the ROTART SELECT
system returns you to the start of the list again, until
you either leave the System or Set-Up Menu by
pressing ENTER (ROLL UP and ROLL DN keys
simultaneously), or by switching off the transmitter
and thereby resetting it to normal operation.
To prevent accidental reprogramming, the System
Menu can only be activated if the transmitter is
switched off first. This makes it impossible for you to
accidentally alter programmed these functions, e.g.
switching model memory or changing modulation
mode (FM-PPM/PCM), while you are using the
system to control a model. Since the transmitter is
not producing a modulated signal in this mode, it is
impossible to transmit a signal to the receiver during
this basic programming.
Basic method of using the System Menu
First you need to select the code you wish to alter by
pressing the ROLL UP or ROLL DN button. Within
this code, you select the function you require using
the INC or DEC buttons.
Entering the System Menu
Simultaneously press the ROLL UP and ROLL DN
buttons (= ENTER ) whilst turning the transmitter on.
An acoustic signal sounds. The program is now in
the System Menu. The accompanying flow chart
shows the programs of the primary system, whose
functions are shown in the transmitter display. By
repeat pressing of ENTER the software leaves the
basic programming and automatically returns to
normal transmitter operation.
Block diagram of the System Menu
Leave the Menu at any place with ENTER .

Selecting the Modulation Mode Establishing the Model Type Transmitter Stick Functions for Channels 1…4
(access via System Menu) (access via System Menu) (access via System Menu)
System Menu 15
MODULATION MODE MODEL TYPE CONTROL MODE
The first option in the System Menu is to set the type
of modulation. This varies depending on the type of
receiver you will be using. The mc-12, mc-18, mc-20
and DS 20 mc are PCM types (Pulse Code
Modulation) and are used with the transmitter set to
PCM modulation. This is indicated by a letter “C” in
the display. For FM (Pulse Position Modulation)
receivers the transmitter must be switched to FM
(PPM) operation, and the display will show an “F”.
Switch from one to the other by pressing the INC or
DEC buttons.
The mc-16/20’s Multisoft program differentiates between five
different types of model. The selection must be made before re-
programming a model using the Set-Up Menu (see later) because
the menu determines which options can be called up by the Type.
A summary of the five ready-made multi-function programs is on
pages 26 – 27.
Your reach this code using the ROLL UP button. Five model
types are available, each selected with the INC or DEC buttons.
If you change the current model type using the INC /DEC
buttons the new model type will flash in the display. It is not
adopted until you confirm the selection with ENTER (ROLL UP
+ ROLL DN ). When you confirm the selection, all the options in
the Set-Up Menu will change accordingly. All the original set-up
parameters of this memory will be lost when changing model type.
If necessary, you can return to the current model by pressing the
INC , DEC or CLEAR buttons before you press enter.
Summary of the ready-made multi-function programs
Activate the System Menu and select “MOD” by
pressing the ROLL UP (or ROLL DN ). You can now
change to mode 1 – 4 using the INC or DEC
buttons. All other functions are automatically
matched to the stick mode you have selected.
Stick Modes – Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Stick Modes – Helicopter (see page 66)
Throttle = Collective Pitch Elevator = Pitch
Aileron = Roll Rudder = Tail Rotor

Reversing the Direction of Throttle Control Entering the Model Name Connecting Nautic Modules (only in PPM Mode)
(access via System Menu) (access via System Menu) (access via System Menu)
16 System Menu
THROTTLE
DIRECTION MODEL NAME NAUTIC PROGRAM
This reverse function is effective for all model types.
This code provides a means to alter the direction of
operation of the throttle stick (transmitter function 1)
to suit your preference. You can toggle between
“NORM” and “REV” by pressing the INC or DEC
buttons.
There are several mixers which involve the throttle
(function 1), and they can only work correctly if this
setting is correct. In the helicopter program this
means that throttle and collective pitch functions, e.g.
throttle idle-up, tail rotor mixer, collective pitch trim,
etc.
The idle trim is automatically switched to the other
end of the stick arc when you reverse this function.
Important:
The effect of the idle trim system is that the trim
slider for the throttle servo has no influence around
the centre position and at the full throttle end of the
stick arc.
When you first select a model (or after a reset) a
standard 3 character entry appears in the display
above the model number. Example: 1FL, 19L, …
Model number 1 – 20 and current model type
(FL = standard, UN = Unifly, Fb = F3B / Butterfly,
AC = Aerobatic, HE = Helicopter).
The left-hand character flashes and can be changed
by pressing the INC or DEC buttons. The
characters available are A – Z, 0 – 9, + and –.
You move to the next character by pressing the
CH SEL button. The name entered is stored as soon
as you leave this code.
(For model numbers 10 – 20, only the last letter of
the model type is displayed).
The “NA” function can only be selected if the
transmitter is set to PPM mode.
Switching the NAUTIC function on using INC /DEC
automatically reserves transmitter channels 7 and 8
exclusively for the NAUTIC module. Any mixers
which involve channels 7 or 8 are automatically
blocked, as the channels used by a NAUTIC module
cannot be linked with other channels using a freely
programmable or ready-made mixer (see block
diagrams).
The channel number after the letters “NA” indicates
which channel can be used.
Model Type NAUTIC channels
FL (standard) 7 and 8
UN (Unifly) 7 and 8
Fb (F3B/Butterfly) 8 only
AC (Aerobatic) 8 only
HE (Helicopter) 8 only
You can switch to the second channel by pressing the
CH SEL button. More information on installation is
included in the Appendix, page 82.
Note:
When using the model types “AC” and “HE” channels 5 and 7 can
also be used for NAUTIC modules if necessary, in addition to the
NAUTIC code.
Servo Reverse (see page 21) NORM.
Servo Neutral (page 21) 0
Servo Travel (page 21) ±146%
AC: “Auto-landing” Code if ch 7 used (pages 54, 57) off
HE: “Gyro Control” Code if ch 7 used (pages 61, 65) off
HE: “Swashplate Type” Code if ch 5 used (page 66) N, 2 or 3
NAUTIC multi-function facilities, see section starting on page 83

Reset, erase data & reprogram the basic values Switching Model Memory 1 – 20
(access via System Menu) (access via System Menu)
System Menu 17
DAT
A
INITIALISATION MODEL SELECT Receiver Connections
(
Channels 1
–
8
)
Before you re-program a model memory, you should
reset all data using this code in order to ensure that
all parameters and functions are reset to the default
settings.
When you select the “RST” function, the number of
the model memory in the bottom line of the display
flashes. This is the memory whose settings are to be
erased. The actual erasure occurs when you press
the CLEAR button. As soon as the model number
ceases to flash the erasure has taken place.
Re-initialised data after reset:
In the System Menu:
Model Name Model number and current model type
Throttle Direction Normal (“NORM”)
NAUTIC program off (“OF”)
The settings for type of modulation, model number, stick mode
and model type are unchanged.
In the Set-Up Menu
Dual-Rate = 100%
Exponential = Linear (“LN”)
Servo Reverse = Normal (“NORM”)
Servo Neutral = 0
Servo Travel = 100%
Mixer Values = Initial default values
The mc-16/20 transmitter allows you to store all the
settings for 20 different models.
After selecting the System Menu code “MDL”, by
pressing the ROLL UP or ROLL DN button, press
the INC or DEC buttons to select the model. All the
adjustments which you subsequently make will then
apply to the model number displayed in this menu.
The model type can be called up in the display by
pressing the CH SEL button.
The servos must be connected to the receiver
outputs as shown in the diagrams below:
See the Helicopter section for those connections.

Set-Up Menu
18 Set-Up Menu
General notes
You have concluded the basic programming of the
transmitter. If no special functions, like servo travel
adjustment, servo reversal, mixer and coupling
function etc., are necessary, you can now already
put your model into operation. Look up the basic
outline of the multi-function finished programs on
page 26 and 27, or test them using the detailed
descriptions for the model type used.
Model Type See page
Standard (FL) 28
Unifly (UN) 34
F3B/Butterfly (Fb) 42
Aerobatic (AC) 52
Helicopter (HE) 62
The modelling beginner is recommended to choose
models with control over rudders and elevators, and
if necessary also over Ailerons. Select the standard
model type "FL" in the system menu.
Flow charts and block diagrams
Those the individual sections placed in front
flowcharts contain the available in each case codes.
(see page 19).
From the block diagrams it can be inferred, in which
place in the signal flow from the signal of the
controls, i.e. can be influenced and changed
between the control functions 1 – 8 and the receiver
connections. For clarity the same designations and
abbreviations were used as with respect to the
descriptions of code. See the diagram below.
The controls at the transmitter are symbolically
explained by the character . The control sticks 1 –
4 additionally possess a (electronic) trim.
Since these are not influenced by the dual rate and
exponential function, their signal process is drawn
separately. The cross connections show, which
channels are linked together with certain finished
programs. For the freely programmable mixers, see
page 22 and 23, of importance are the "output point"
and the " input point ". The program in the
appropriate place tests, at which point in the signal
flow a signal is to be measured (outputs) and which
channel it is to affect (inputs).
Before the signal finally arrives at the receiver or at
the servo, it can still be influenced by the servo
travel, reversal and neutral adjustment.

Set-Up Menu
Selecting and Adjusting the Flow Diagram of Set-Up Menu (Partial View)
Program Settings (includes only those functions which are common to all model types)
Set-Up Menu 19
Switch on the transmitter and press ENTER to
switch to the Set-Up Menu program. (If the System
Menu is active, press ENTER twice).
The Multi-Data Information Display now switches
from the basic information (normal operation or
stopwatch) to the Set-Up Menu, and you will see the
last selected function from this menu on the screen.
If you wish to adjust a different function you should
press ROLL UP or ROLL DN repeatedly (or hold it
down) until the required function appears in the
display.
You can switch to the channel (CH) or to any allowed
sub-routine you want to adjust by pressing the CH
SEL or the button.
The actual values are always adjusted using the
INC or DEC buttons, or a 2-way momentary switch
(Part No 4160.44) if fitted. The switch is connected to
the INC and DEC sockets on the transmitter circuit
board. We strongly recommend installing the switch
if you want to be able to alter parameters while you
are flying / operating your model aircraft, boat or car.
The adjusted values are automatically stored in the
model memory once you press ENTER , or change
to the next code.
The menu can be left at any time by pressing
ENTER . For the sake of clarity, we will describe only
those functions which are available for all model
types, and which are listed in the flow diagram. The
multi-function programs for model aircraft are
described in their own sections.
Normal Display Transmitter in Set-Up Menu
mode. The display shows
the last selected function

+
Switchable Servo Travel Progressive Servo Travel Coupled Exponential & Dual-Rate
(access via Set-Up Menu) (access via Set-Up Menu) (access via Set-Up Menu)
20 Fixed Wing Models
DUAL-RATE EXPONENTIAL EXPO-
/
DUAL-RATE
The Dual-Rate function lets you switch to a different
amount of travel while the model is in flight, using an
external switch. The travel for each of the two switch
positions can be set to any value within the range 0 to
125% of normal servo travel. The “D/R” switches must first
be connected to main circuit board in the transmitter (see
page 10). After selecting the “D/R” code the first step is to
select the channel (channel 2 to 4) using CH SEL :
Transmitter Ch. Function External Switch
2 Aileron socket 0
3 Elevator socket 1
4 Rudder socket 2
Move the switch to the appropriate position, then set
the required servo travel using INC and DEC .
Switch position in the display:
ch = closed (ON)
CH = open (OFF)
Never reduce the Dual-Rate value to 0, as this would
mean that the function would not move at all after you’ve
operated the switch.
Exponential travel reduces the servo travel around
the neutral position of the stick. Travel progressively
increases towards the stick end-points, so that full
servo travel is still available at the extremes. The
degree of progression can be set from linear “LN” (or
0%) to 100%. The Exponential function therefore has
no effect when set to “LN”. Dual-Rates and the
Exponential function are controlled by the same
switch, see EXPO-/DUAL-RATE:
Transmitter Ch. Function External Switch
2 Aileron socket 0
3 Elevator socket 1
4 Rudder socket 2
Move the switch to the appropriate position, then set
the required servo travel using INC and DEC .
Switch position in the display:
ch = closed (ON)
CH = open (OFF)
The Dual-Rate function provides a means of adjusting
servo travel symmetrically around the neutral position to
any point between 0 and 125%, and switching between the
two settings by means of an external switch. The
Exponential function alters the servo response curve.
Since the external switches affecting control functions 2…4
control the Dual-Rate and Exponential functions
simultaneously, it is possible for you to set-up the controls
of your model very precisely, to suit your exact
requirement. The combination of Dual-Rates and
Exponential is particularly advantageous with very fast
models. For example, the memory can be programmed
with two independent values, separately for aileron,
elevator and rudder, such as a servo travel of 20% for one
external switch position and 125% for the other position,
with an exponential curve of, say, linear or 80%. Note that
this Exponential setting defines the “degree of progression”
(the shape of the curve), not the extent of the servo travel
itself. For safety reasons the lowest the Dual-Rate
value should be set to is 20% of normal travel.
Characteristic Curves for various settings.
Dual-Rate = Linear reduction or increase of
servo travel (0% to 125%)
Exponential = Progressive control characteristic
with 100% servo travel
Expo-/Dual-Rate = Combined Exponential and Dual-
Rate function