GW Instek AFG-2000 Series User manual

Arbitrary Function Generator
AFG-2000 Series
USER MANUAL
GW INSTEK PART NO. 82AF-21200EC1
ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER

This manual contains proprietary information, which is protected by
copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be
photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without
prior written consent of Good Will Corporation.
The information in this manual was correct at the time of printing.
However, Good Will continues to improve its products and therefore
reserves the right to change the specifications, equipment, and
maintenance procedures at any time without notice.
Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd.
No. 7-1, Jhongsing Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City 236, Taiwan.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
Table of Contents
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS..................................3
GETTING STARTED .........................................8
Main Features .....................................................................8
Panel Overview..................................................................10
Setting up the Function Generator ....................................16
QUICK REFERENCE .......................................18
How to use the Digital Inputs ...........................................19
Selecting a Waveform ........................................................21
ARB ...................................................................................23
Modulation........................................................................24
Sweep (2100 series only) ...................................................28
Counter (2100 series only) ................................................30
Save/Recall........................................................................31
Default Settings ................................................................32
OPERATION ..................................................34
Select a Waveform .............................................................36
Setting the Frequency ........................................................36
Setting the Amplitude........................................................37
Setting the DC Offset ........................................................38
Setting the Duty Cycle/Symmetry ......................................39
Setting the Output Impedance ..........................................41
Turning the Output On ......................................................42
Amplitude Modulation (AM) (AFG-2100 Series) ...............43
Frequency Modulation (FM) (AFG-2100 Series).................51
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation (AFG-2100 Series)
..........................................................................................59
Frequency Sweep (AFG-2100 Series)..................................67
Creating an Arbitrary Waveform .........................................73

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
2
Using the Frequency Counter .............................................75
Using the SYNC Output Port .............................................77
Save and Recall State/ARB Waveform ................................81
REMOTE INTERFACE..................................... 83
Selecting the USB Remote Interface ..................................85
Command Syntax ...............................................................86
Command List ...................................................................92
System Commands ............................................................94
Status Register Commands................................................95
Apply Commands ..............................................................96
Output Commands ..........................................................102
Amplitude Modulation (AM) Commands .........................110
AM Overview ...................................................................110
Frequency Modulation (FM) Commands..........................114
FM Overview ...................................................................114
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Commands ........................119
FSK Overview ..................................................................119
Frequency Sweep Commands...........................................123
Sweep Overview ..............................................................123
Frequency Counter Commands ........................................128
Arbitrary Waveform Commands .......................................130
Arbitrary Waveform Overview ..........................................130
Save and Recall Commands .............................................133
APPENDIX ................................................... 135
Error Messages ...............................................................135
AFG-2000 Series Specifications .......................................137
EC Declaration of Conformity ..........................................141
INDEX ......................................................... 142

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
3
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
This chapter contains important safety instructions
that should be followed when operating and
storing the function generator. Read the following
before any operation to ensure your safety and to
keep the function generator in the best condition.
Safety Symbols
These safety symbols may appear in this manual or on the
instrument.
WARNING
Warning: Identifies conditions or practices that
could result in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION
Caution: Identifies conditions or practices that
could result in damage to the function generator or
to other objects or property.
DANGER High Voltage
Attention: Refer to the Manual
Protective Conductor Terminal
Earth (Ground) Terminal
DANGER Hot Surface

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
4
Double Insulated
Do not dispose electronic equipment as unsorted
municipal waste. Please use a separate collection
facility or contact the supplier from which this
instrument was purchased.
Safety Guidelines
General
Guideline
CAUTION
Do not place heavy objects on the instrument.
Do not place flammable objects on the
instrument.
Avoid severe impact or rough handling that
may damage the function generator.
Avoid discharges of static electricity on or near
the function generator.
Use only mating connectors, not bare wires, for
the terminals.
The instrument should only be disassembled by
a qualified technician.
(Measurement categories) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies the
measurement categories and their requirements as follows. The
instrument falls under category II.
Measurement category IV is for measurement performed at the
source of a low-voltage installation.
Measurement category III is for measurement performed in a
building installation.
Measurement category II is for measurement performed on
circuits directly connected to a low voltage installation.
Measurement category I is for measurements performed on
circuits not directly connected to Mains.
Power Supply
WARNING
AC Input voltage: 100 ~ 240V AC, 50 ~ 60Hz.
Connect the protective grounding conductor of
the AC power cord to an earth ground to
prevent electric shock.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
5
Fuse
WARNING
Fuse type: F1A/250V.
Only qualified technicians should replace the
fuse.
To ensure fire protection, replace the fuse only
with the specified type and rating.
Disconnect the power cord and all test leads
before replacing the fuse.
Make sure the cause of fuse blowout is fixed
before replacing the fuse.
Cleaning the
function
generator
Disconnect the power cord before cleaning the
function generator.
Use a soft cloth dampened in a solution of mild
detergent and water. Do not spray any liquid
into the function generator.
Do not use chemicals containing harsh products
such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and acetone.
Operation
Environment
Location: Indoor, no direct sunlight, dust free,
almost non-conductive pollution (Note below)
and avoid strong magnetic fields.
Relative Humidity: < 80%
Altitude: < 2000m
Temperature: 0°C to 40°C
(Pollution Degree) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies pollution degrees and
their requirements as follows. The function generator falls under
degree 2.
Pollution refers to “addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid, or
gaseous (ionized gases), that may produce a reduction of dielectric
strength or surface resistivity”.
Pollution degree 1: No pollution or only dry, non-conductive
pollution occurs. The pollution has no influence.
Pollution degree 2: Normally only non-conductive pollution
occurs. Occasionally, however, a temporary conductivity caused
by condensation must be expected.
Pollution degree 3: Conductive pollution occurs, or dry, non-
conductive pollution occurs which becomes conductive due to
condensation which is expected. In such conditions, equipment
is normally protected against exposure to direct sunlight,

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
6
precipitation, and full wind pressure, but neither temperature
nor humidity is controlled.
Storage
environment
Location: Indoor
Relative Humidity: < 70%
Temperature: -10°C to 70°C
Disposal
Do not dispose this instrument as unsorted
municipal waste. Please use a separate collection
facility or contact the supplier from which this
instrument was purchased. Please make sure
discarded electrical waste is properly recycled to
reduce environmental impact.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
7
Power cord for the United Kingdom
When using the function generator in the United Kingdom, make sure the
power cord meets the following safety instructions.
NOTE: This lead/appliance must only be wired by competent persons
WARNING: THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED
IMPORTANT: The wires in this lead are coloured in accordance with the
following code:
Green/ Yellow:
Earth
Blue:
Neutral
Brown:
Live (Phase)
As the colours of the wires in main leads may not correspond with the
coloured marking identified in your plug/appliance, proceed as follows:
The wire which is coloured Green & Yellow must be connected to the Earth
terminal marked with either the letter E, the earth symbol or coloured
Green/Green & Yellow.
The wire which is coloured Blue must be connected to the terminal which is
marked with the letter N or coloured Blue or Black.
The wire which is coloured Brown must be connected to the terminal
marked with the letter L or P or coloured Brown or Red.
If in doubt, consult the instructions provided with the equipment or contact
the supplier.
This cable/appliance should be protected by a suitably rated and approved
HBC mains fuse: refer to the rating information on the equipment and/or
user instructions for details. As a guide, a cable of 0.75mm2should be
protected by a 3A or 5A fuse. Larger conductors would normally require
13A types, depending on the connection method used.
Any exposed wiring from a cable, plug or connection that is engaged in a
live socket is extremely hazardous. If a cable or plug is deemed hazardous,
turn off the mains power and remove the cable, any fuses and fuse
assemblies. All hazardous wiring must be immediately destroyed and
replaced in accordance to the above standard.

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
8
GETTING STARTED
The Getting started chapter introduces the
function generator’s main features, appearance
and introduces a quick instructional summary of
some of the basic functions. For comprehensive
operation instructions, please see the operation
chapter.
Main Features
Model name
AFG-2005
AFG-2105
AFG-2012
AFG-2112
AFG-2025
AFG-2125
Frequency Range
0.1Hz~5MHz
0.1Hz~12MHz
0.1Hz~25MHz
Output waveform
Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise, ARB
Amplitude range
0.1Hz~20MHz
1 mVpp to 10 Vpp (into 50Ω)
2 mVpp to 20 Vpp (open-circuit)
20MHzHz~25MHz
1 mVpp to 5 Vpp (into 50Ω)
2 mVpp to 10 Vpp (open-circuit)
Variable Offset






Variable Duty






SYNC (TTL) output






Save/Recall






Sweep operation
—

—

—

AM
—

—

—

FM
—

—

—

FSK
—

—

—

Frequency Counter
—

—

—


GETTING STARTED
9
ARB






USB Interface






Performance
DDS technology using an FPGA provides high
resolution waveforms
25MHz DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) signal
output series
0.1Hz resolution
Full Function Arbitrary Waveform Capability
20 MSa/s sample rate
10 MHz repetition rate
4 k-point waveform length
10-bit amplitude resolution
Ten 4k waveform memories
Features
Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise
Int/Ext AM, FM, FSK modulation
Modulation/sweep signal output
Save/recall 10 groups of setting memories
Output overload protection
ARB (Arbitrary Waveform) can be edited with
PC software
Interface
USB interface as standard
3.5 inch LCD

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
10
Panel Overview
AFG-2105/2112/2125 Front Panel
ARB
OUTPUT
50W
50W
SYNC
MAIN
OUTPUT
POWER
Save/Recall INT/EXT Hop LIN/LOG
Shape DEP/DEV Rate Start/Stop Gate
FUNC
FREQ
AMPL
OFST
DUTY
Point
Value
0
789
456
123
/
Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shift
AM FM FSK Sweep Count
OUTPUT
Enter
Arbitrary Function Generator
AFG-2125
LCD Display Number
pad
Scroll Wheel
MAIN
output port
ARB keys Power
button
Output
control key
Enter key
Arrow keys SYNC output port
Operation
keys
Function keys High-Z/50Ω
AFG-2005/2012/2025 Front Panel
ARB
OUTPUT
50W
50W
SYNC
MAIN
OUTPUT
POWER
Save/Recall
FUNC
FREQ
AMPL
OFST
DUTY
Point
Value
0
789
456
123
/
Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shift
OUTPUT
Enter
Arbitrary Function Generator
AFG-2025
LCD Display Number
pad
Scroll Wheel
MAIN
output port
ARB keys Power
button
Output
control key
Enter key
Arrow keys SYNC output port
Operation
keys
Function keys High-Z/50Ω

GETTING STARTED
11
LCD display
3.5 inch, 3 color LCD display.
Keypad
0/
321
4
7 8
5
9
6
The digital keypad is used to
enter values and parameters. The
keypad is often used in
conjunction with the selection
keys and variable knob.
Scroll Wheel
The scroll wheel is used to edit
values and parameters in steps of
1 digit. Used in conjunction with
the arrow keys.
Decrease Increase
Arrow keys
Used to select digits when editing
parameters.
Output ports
OUTPUT
50W
50W
SYNC
MAIN
OUTPUT
SYNC output port (50Ω
impedance).
Main output port (50Ω
impedance).
Enter key
Enter
Used to confirm input values.
Power button
POWER
Turns the instrument power
on/off.
Output control
key
OUTPUT
Turns the output on/off.
Output
Impedance
Shift
+
High Z/50Ω
OUTPUT
Toggles the output impedance
between 50Ω and High-Z.
Operation keys
Hz/Vpp
Selects Hz or Vpp units.

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
12
Shift
+
Save/Recall
Hz/Vpp
Saves or recalls waveforms from
memory.
kHz/Vrms
Selects kHz or Vrms units.
Shift
+
INT/EXT
kHz/Vrms
Sets the source to internal or
external for the modulation and
FSK functions*.
MHz/dBm
Selects MHz or dBm units.
Shift
+
Hop
MHz/dBm
Sets the ―Hop‖ frequency for FSK
modulation*.
%
Selects % units.
Shift
+
LIN/LOG
%
Sets the sweep to linear or
logarithmic*.
Shift
The shift key is used to select the
secondary functions on the
operation keys.
AM
The AM key is used to turn AM
modulation on/off*.
Shift
+
Shape
AM
Selects the modulation
waveform*.
FM
The FM key is used to turn FM
modulation on/off*.
Shift
+
DEP/DEV
FM
Selects the modulation depth or
the frequency deviation*.
FSK
Selects FSK modulation*.
Shift
+
Rate
FSK
Sets the AM, FM, FSK modulation
and sweep function rate*
Sweep
Selects the Sweep function*.

GETTING STARTED
13
Shift
+
Start/Stop
Sweep
Sets the Start or Stop frequency*.
Count
Turns the frequency counter
on/off*.
Shift
+
Gate
Count
Sets the frequency counter gate
time*.
ARB edit keys
ARB
Value
Point
Arbitrary waveform editing keys.
The Point key sets the ARB point
numbers.
The Value key sets the amplitude
value of the selected point.
Function keys
FUNC
The FUNC key is used to select
the output waveform type:
Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise, ARB.
FREQ
Sets the frequency of the selected
waveform.
AMPL
Sets the amplitude of the selected
waveform.
OFST
The OFST sets the DC offset for
the selected waveform.
DUTY
The DUTY key sets the duty cycle
of square and ramp waveforms.
*indicates functions/features for the AFG-2105/2112/2125 only.

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
14
AFG-2105/2112/2125 Rear Panel
NOOPERATOR SERVICEABLECOMPONENTS INSIDE.
DONOT REMOVE COVERS. REFERSERVICINGTO
TOAVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK THEPOWER CORD PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING CONDUCTORMUST BECONNECTEDTO GROUND.
WARNING
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
SER.NO. LABEL
AC 100-240V
50-60Hz 25VA
OUTPUT INPUT
MOD Counter
Trigger MOD
MOD input
Trigger input
MOD output
Type B USB portPower socket
Counter input
AFG-2005/2012/2025 Rear Panel
NOOPERATOR SERVICEABLECOMPONENTS INSIDE.
DONOT REMOVE COVERS. REFERSERVICINGTO
TOAVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK THEPOWER CORD PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING CONDUCTORMUST BECONNECTEDTO GROUND.
WARNING
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
SER.NO. LABEL
AC 100-240V
50-60Hz 25VA
Type B USB portPower socket
MOD output
OUTPUT INPUT
MOD Counter
Trigger MOD
Modulation output port.
Counter input
Counter input port.
MOD input
Modulation input port.
Trigger input
Trigger input port.
Type B USB port
The type B USB port is used to
connect the function generator to a
PC for remote control.
Power Socket
Input
AC 100-240V
50-60Hz 25VA
Power input: 100~240V AC
50~60Hz.

GETTING STARTED
15
Display
Waveform type
Counter settings
USB icon
Frequency display
Secondary parameter
display
Modulation, sweep,
counter menu
Waveform type
Press the function key to cycle through different
output waveforms.
Counter settings
Gate time counter settings*.
USB icon
Shows the USB interface status.
Frequency
Display
Displays the main waveform frequency settings.
Secondary
parameter display
Displays secondary waveform parameters and
settings.
Modulation,
sweep, counter
menu
Displays the modulation, sweep and counter
functions as well as the modulating waveform and
source*.
*indicates functions/features for the AFG-2105/2112/2125 only.

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
16
Setting up the Function Generator
Background
This section describes how adjust the handle and
power up the function generator.
Adjusting the
stand
Pull out the handle
sideways and rotate
it.
ARB
OUTPUT
50W
50W
SYNC
MAIN
OUTPUT
POWER
Save/Recall INT/EXT Hop LIN/LOG
Shape DEP/DEV Rate Start/Stop Gate
FUNC
FREQ
AMPL
OFST
DUTY
Point
Value
0
789
456
123
/
Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shift
AM FM FSK Sweep Count
OUTPUT
Enter
Arbitrary Function Generator
AFG-2125
Place the AFG
horizontally.
Place the handle
upright to tilt the
stand.
Place the handle
vertically to hand
carry.

GETTING STARTED
17
Power Up
1. Connect the power cord to
the socket on the rear
panel.
2. Press the power button on
the front panel.
POWER
3. The instrument will turn on and load the
default settings (see page 32 for default
settings).
The function generator is now ready to be used.

AFG-2000 Series User Manual
18
QUICK REFERENCE
This chapter lists operation shortcuts and default factory settings.
Use this chapter as a handy reference for instrument functions. This
chapter is to be used as a quick reference; for detailed explanations
on parameters, settings and limitations, please see the operation
chapter (page 34) or specifications (page 137).
How to use the Digital Inputs............................................19
Selecting a Waveform ........................................................21
Sine Wave............................................................................. 21
Square Wave ........................................................................ 21
Ramp Wave .......................................................................... 22
ARB ...................................................................................23
ARB - Points ......................................................................... 23
Modulation........................................................................24
AM (2100 series only).......................................................... 24
FM (2100 series only) .......................................................... 25
FSK Modulation (2100 series only) ..................................... 26
Sweep (2100 series only) ...................................................28
Counter (2100 series only) ................................................30
Save/Recall........................................................................31
Save ...................................................................................... 31
Recall .................................................................................... 31
Default Settings.................................................................32