H3C SR6600-X User manual
H3C SR6600/SR6600-X Routers
Network Management and Monitoring
Configuration Guide(V7)
Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
http://www.h3c.com
Software version: SR6602X-CMW710-R7103
SR6600X-CMW710-R7103-RSE3
SR6600-CMW710-R7103-RPE3
Document version: 20150715-6PW100
Copyright © 2007-2015, Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd. and its licensors
All rights reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks
H3C, , H3CS, H3CIE, H3CNE, Aolynk, , H3Care, , IRF, NetPilot, Netflow,
SecEngine, SecPath, SecCenter, SecBlade, Comware, ITCMM and HUASAN are trademarks of
Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks that may be mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective owners
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Preface
The H3C SR6600/SR6600-X documentation set includes 14 configuration guides, which describe the
software features for the H3C SR6600/SR6600-X Routers and guide you through the software
configuration procedures. These configuration guides also provide configuration examples to help you
apply software features to different network scenarios.
The Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide describes technical principles and
configurations applied during the management and maintenance process of routers and networks.
This preface includes:
•Audience
•Conventions
•About the H3C SR6600/SR6600-X documentation set
•Obtaining documentation
•Technical support
•Documentation feedback
Audience
This documentation is intended for:
•Network planners
•Field technical support and servicing engineers
•Network administrators working with the routers
Conventions
This section describes the conventions used in this documentation set.
Command conventions
Convention Descri
p
tion
Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.
Italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.
[ ] Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are optional.
{ x | y | ... }
Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from which
you select one.
[ x | y | ... ]
Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from
which you select one or none.
{ x | y | ... } *
Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select at least one.
[ x | y | ... ] *
Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select one choice, multiple choices, or none.
&<1-n> The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&) sign can
be entered 1 to n times.
# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.
GUI conventions
Convention Descri
p
tion
Boldface Window names, button names, field names, and menu items are in Boldface. For
example, the New User window appears; click OK.
> Multi-level menus are separated by angle brackets. For example, File > Create > Folder.
Symbols
Convention Descri
p
tion
WARNING An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed can
result in personal injury.
CAUTION An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed can
result in data loss, data corruption, or damage to hardware or software.
IMPORTANT An alert that calls attention to essential information.
NOTE An alert that contains additional or supplementary information.
TIP An alert that provides helpful information.
Network topology icons
Represents a generic network device, such as a router, switch, or firewall.
Represents a routing-capable device, such as a router or Layer 3 switch.
Represents a generic switch, such as a Layer 2 or Layer 3 switch, or a router that supports
Layer 2 forwarding and other Layer 2 features.
Represents an access controller, a unified wired-WLAN module, or the access controller
engine on a unified wired-WLAN switch.
Represents an access point.
Represents a mesh access point.
Represents omnidirectional signals.
Represents directional signals.
Represents a security product, such as a firewall, UTM, multiservice security gateway, or
load balancing device.
Represents a security card, such as a firewall, load balancing, NetStream, SSL VPN, IPS,
or ACG card.
Port numbering in examples
The port numbers in this document are for illustration only and might be unavailable on your device.
About the H3C SR6600/SR6600-X documentation
set
The H3C SR6600/SR6600-X documentation set includes:
Cate
g
or
y
Documents
Pur
p
oses
Product description and
specifications
Marketing brochures Describe product specifications and benefits.
Technology white papers
Provide an in-depth description of software features
and technologies.
Card datasheets Describe card specifications, features, and
standards.
Hardware specifications
and installation
Compliance and safety
manual
Provides regulatory information and the safety
instructions that must be followed during installation.
Installation guide Provides a complete guide to hardware installation
and hardware specifications.
Card manuals Provide the hardware specifications of cards.
H3C N68 Cabinet
Installation and Remodel
Introduction
Guides you through installing and remodeling H3C
N68 cabinets.
Software configuration
Configuration guides Describe software features and configuration
procedures.
Command references Provide a quick reference to all available
commands.
Operations and
maintenance
H3C SR6602 Release
notes
Provide information about the product release,
including the version history, hardware and software
compatibility matrix, version upgrade information,
technical support information, and software
upgrading.
H3C SR6608 Release
notes
Obtaining documentation
You can access the most up-to-date H3C product documentation on the World Wide Web
at http://www.h3c.com.
Click the links on the top navigation bar to obtain different categories of product documentation:
[Technical Support & Documents > Technical Documents] – Provides hardware installation, software
upgrading, and software feature configuration and maintenance documentation.
[Products & Solutions] – Provides information about products and technologies, as well as solutions.
[Technical Support & Documents > Software Download] – Provides the documentation released with the
software version.
Technical support
servic[email protected]
http://www.h3c.com
Documentation feedback
You can e-mail your comments about product documentation to info@h3c.com.
We appreciate your comments.
i
Contents
Using ping, tracert, and system debugging··············································································································· 1
Ping·····················································································································································································1
Using a ping command to test network connectivity ····························································································1
Ping example ····························································································································································1
Tracert ················································································································································································3
Prerequisites ······························································································································································4
Using a tracert command to identify failed or all nodes in a path·····································································4
Tracert example························································································································································5
System debugging ····························································································································································6
Debugging information control switches················································································································6
Debugging a feature module ··································································································································7
Configuring NQA ························································································································································ 8
Overview············································································································································································8
NQA operation ························································································································································8
Collaboration····························································································································································9
Threshold monitoring ············································································································································ 10
NQA configuration task list ·········································································································································· 10
Configuring the NQA server ········································································································································ 10
Enabling the NQA client··············································································································································· 11
Configuring NQA operations on the NQA client ······································································································ 11
NQA operation configuration task list················································································································ 11
Configuring the ICMP echo operation ················································································································ 12
Configuring the DHCP operation························································································································· 13
Configuring the DNS operation··························································································································· 14
Configuring the FTP operation ····························································································································· 14
Configuring the HTTP operation ·························································································································· 15
Configuring the UDP jitter operation··················································································································· 16
Configuring the SNMP operation························································································································ 18
Configuring the TCP operation ···························································································································· 18
Configuring the UDP echo operation·················································································································· 19
Configuring the UDP tracert operation ··············································································································· 20
Configuring the voice operation·························································································································· 22
Configuring the DLSw operation ························································································································· 24
Configuring the path jitter operation··················································································································· 24
Configuring optional parameters for the NQA operation················································································ 25
Configuring the collaboration function ··············································································································· 26
Configuring threshold monitoring························································································································ 27
Configuring the NQA statistics collection function ···························································································· 30
Configuring the saving of NQA history records································································································ 30
Scheduling the NQA operation on the NQA client ·························································································· 31
Configuring NQA templates on the NQA client ········································································································ 31
Configuring the ICMP template ··························································································································· 32
Configuring the DNS template····························································································································· 32
Configuring the TCP template ······························································································································ 33
Configuring the HTTP template ···························································································································· 34
Configuring the FTP template ······························································································································· 35
Configuring optional parameters for the NQA template·················································································· 36
Displaying and maintaining NQA······························································································································· 37
ii
NQA configuration examples ······································································································································ 38
ICMP echo operation configuration example ···································································································· 38
DHCP operation configuration example············································································································· 40
DNS operation configuration example··············································································································· 41
FTP operation configuration example ················································································································· 42
HTTP operation configuration example··············································································································· 43
UDP jitter operation configuration example ······································································································· 44
SNMP operation configuration example ············································································································ 47
TCP operation configuration example ················································································································ 48
UDP echo operation configuration example ······································································································ 49
UDP tracert operation configuration example···································································································· 51
Voice operation configuration example ············································································································· 52
DLSw operation configuration example·············································································································· 55
Path jitter operation configuration example ······································································································· 56
NQA collaboration configuration example········································································································ 57
ICMP template configuration example················································································································ 60
DNS template configuration example················································································································· 61
TCP template configuration example ·················································································································· 62
HTTP template configuration example················································································································· 62
FTP template configuration example ··················································································································· 63
Configuring NTP ························································································································································65
Overview········································································································································································· 65
How NTP works····················································································································································· 65
NTP architecture ···················································································································································· 66
Association modes ················································································································································ 67
NTP security ··························································································································································· 69
NTP for MPLS L3VPNs ·········································································································································· 70
Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 71
Configuration restrictions and guidelines···················································································································· 71
Configuration task list ···················································································································································· 71
Enabling the NTP service ·············································································································································· 72
Configuring NTP association modes···························································································································· 72
Configuring NTP in client/server mode·············································································································· 72
Configuring NTP in symmetric active/passive mode ························································································ 73
Configuring NTP in broadcast mode ·················································································································· 74
Configuring NTP in multicast mode····················································································································· 75
Configuring access control rights································································································································· 76
Configuring NTP authentication ··································································································································· 76
Configuring NTP authentication in client/server mode····················································································· 76
Configuring NTP authentication in symmetric active/passive mode ······························································· 78
Configuring NTP authentication in broadcast mode ························································································· 80
Configuring NTP authentication in multicast mode ··························································································· 82
Configuring NTP optional parameters························································································································· 84
Specifying the source interface for NTP messages···························································································· 85
Disabling an interface from processing NTP messages ···················································································· 85
Configuring the maximum number of dynamic associations············································································ 86
Configuring a DSCP value for NTP packets······································································································· 86
Configuring the local clock as a reference source ····································································································· 86
Displaying and maintaining NTP ································································································································· 87
NTP client/server mode configuration example ········································································································· 87
IPv6 NTP client/server mode configuration example································································································· 88
NTP symmetric active/passive mode configuration example ··················································································· 90
IPv6 NTP symmetric active/passive mode configuration example··········································································· 91
NTP broadcast mode configuration example ············································································································· 92
iii
NTP multicast mode configuration example················································································································ 94
IPv6 NTP multicast mode configuration example ······································································································· 97
Configuration example for NTP client/server mode with authentication·······························································100
Configuration example for NTP broadcast mode with authentication···································································101
Configuration example for MPLS VPN time synchronization in client/server mode ············································104
Configuration example for MPLS VPN time synchronization in symmetric active/passive mode·······················106
Configuring SNTP ··················································································································································· 108
Configuration restrictions and guidelines··················································································································108
Configuration task list ··················································································································································108
Enabling the SNTP service ··········································································································································108
Specifying an NTP server for the device ···················································································································109
Configuring SNTP authentication ·······························································································································109
Displaying and maintaining SNTP ·····························································································································110
SNTP configuration example ······································································································································110
Configuring PTP······················································································································································· 112
Overview·······································································································································································112
Basic concepts ·····················································································································································112
Synchronization mechanism·······························································································································114
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································116
Feature and hardware compatibility··························································································································117
Configuring clock nodes ·············································································································································117
Configuration task list ·········································································································································117
Specifying a PTP standard··································································································································119
Specifying a clock node type·····························································································································119
Specifying a PTP domain····································································································································120
Configuring an OC to operate only as a member clock ················································································120
Configuring ToD input or output ························································································································120
Configuring ToD clock parameters····················································································································121
Configuring a priority for a clock······················································································································121
Configuring the role of a PTP port·····················································································································122
Configuring the mode for carrying timestamps································································································122
Specifying a delay measurement mechanism for a BC or an OC·································································123
Configuring the port type for a TC+OC ···········································································································123
Configuring the interval for sending announce messages··············································································124
Specifying the number of announcement intervals before the receiving node stops receiving announce
messages······························································································································································124
Configuring the interval for sending Pdelay_Req messages···········································································125
Configuring the interval for sending Sync messages ······················································································125
Configuring the minimum interval for sending Delay_Req messages····························································125
Configuring the MAC address for non-pdelay messages ···············································································126
Specifying the protocol for encapsulating PTP messages as UDP (IPv4)·······················································126
Configuring the source IP address for multicast PTP message transmission over UDP (IPv4)······················126
Configuring the destination IP address for unicast PTP message transmission over UDP (IPv4) ·················127
Configuring the delay correction value·············································································································127
Configuring the cumulative offset between the UTC and TAI·········································································128
Configuring the correction date of the UTC ·····································································································128
Setting a DSCP value for PTP messages transmitted over UDP (IPv4)····························································128
Specifying the system time source as PTP·········································································································129
Enabling PTP on a port ·······································································································································129
Displaying and maintaining PTP·································································································································129
PTP configuration example (IEEE 1588 version 2, IEEE 802.3/Ethernet encapsulation) ····································130
PTP configuration example (IEEE 1588 version 2, multicast transmission)····························································132
PTP configuration example (IEEE 1588 version 2, unicast transmission)·······························································135
iv
PTP configuration example (IEEE 802.1AS)··············································································································138
Configuring network synchronization···················································································································· 141
Overview·······································································································································································141
Clock sources·······················································································································································141
SSM quality levels ···············································································································································141
Clock source priority ···········································································································································142
Clock reference selection····································································································································142
Clock mode on a port·········································································································································142
Feature and hardware compatibility··························································································································143
Network synchronization configuration task list·······································································································143
Configuring clock reference selection························································································································144
Setting the Sa bit for the SSM of BITS clocks ············································································································144
Configuring the timing direction of a BITS clock ······································································································145
Setting the frequency of a BITS clock·························································································································145
Specifying a line clock input port·······························································································································146
Configuring automatic reference selection parameters ···························································································146
Configuring the method to set the SSM quality level of a clock source ························································146
Specifying an SSM quality level for a clock source ························································································147
Controlling the use of SSM in automatic reference selection ·········································································147
Setting the priority of a clock source·················································································································148
Enabling the reference manually specified on a non-default MDC········································································148
Displaying and maintaining network clock monitoring module configuration······················································149
Network synchronization configuration example·····································································································150
Network requirements·········································································································································150
Configuration procedure ····································································································································150
Verifying the configuration·································································································································150
Configuring synchronous Ethernet ························································································································· 151
Overview·······································································································································································151
Quality levels of clocks ·······································································································································151
Clock reference selection and timing distribution····························································································151
Input QL updating on SyncE ports·····················································································································152
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································152
Feature and hardware compatibility··························································································································152
Configuring SyncE on an Ethernet interface ·············································································································152
Setting the clock mode on a copper SyncE GE port ································································································153
Displaying and maintaining SyncE ····························································································································153
SyncE configuration example ·····································································································································153
Network requirements·········································································································································153
Configuration procedure ····································································································································153
Verifying the configuration·································································································································154
Configuring SNMP·················································································································································· 155
Overview·······································································································································································155
SNMP framework················································································································································155
MIB and view-based MIB access control ··········································································································155
SNMP operations ················································································································································156
Protocol versions··················································································································································156
Access control modes ·········································································································································156
FIPS compliance ···························································································································································157
Security strength ···························································································································································157
Configuring SNMP basic parameters························································································································157
Configuring SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c basic parameters····················································································157
Configuring SNMPv3 basic parameters···········································································································159
Configuring SNMP logging ········································································································································163
v
Configuring SNMP notifications·································································································································164
Enabling SNMP notifications ·····························································································································164
Configuring the SNMP agent to send notifications to a host ·········································································164
Displaying the SNMP settings·····································································································································166
SNMPv1/SNMPv2c configuration example·············································································································167
Network requirements·········································································································································167
Configuration procedure ····································································································································167
Verifying the configuration·································································································································168
SNMPv3 configuration example ································································································································168
Network requirements·········································································································································168
Configuration procedure ····································································································································168
Verifying the configuration·································································································································170
Configuring RMON ················································································································································ 172
Overview·······································································································································································172
RMON groups ·····················································································································································172
Sample types for the alarm group and the private alarm group ···································································174
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································174
Configuring the RMON statistics function ·················································································································174
Creating an RMON Ethernet statistics entry·····································································································174
Creating an RMON history control entry··········································································································175
Configuring the RMON alarm function ·····················································································································175
Displaying and maintaining RMON settings ············································································································176
Ethernet statistics group configuration example ·······································································································177
Network requirements·········································································································································177
Configuration procedure ····································································································································177
History group configuration example ························································································································178
Network requirements·········································································································································178
Configuration procedure ····································································································································178
Alarm function configuration example·······················································································································179
Network requirements·········································································································································179
Configuration procedure ····································································································································180
Configuring EAA····················································································································································· 182
Overview·······································································································································································182
EAA framework ···················································································································································182
Elements in a monitor policy ······························································································································183
EAA environment variables································································································································184
Configuring a user-defined EAA environment variable ···························································································185
Configuring a monitor policy······································································································································186
Configuration restrictions and guidelines ·········································································································186
Configuring a monitor policy from the CLI ·······································································································186
Configuring a monitor policy by using Tcl ·······································································································188
Suspending monitor policies·······································································································································189
Displaying and maintaining EAA settings ·················································································································190
EAA configuration examples ······································································································································190
CLI-defined policy configuration example ········································································································190
CLI-defined policy with EAA environment variables configuration example ················································191
Tcl-defined policy configuration example ·········································································································192
Monitoring and maintaining processes················································································································· 194
Displaying and maintaining processes······················································································································194
Displaying and maintaining user processes··············································································································195
Monitoring kernel threads ···········································································································································196
Configuring kernel thread deadloop detection································································································196
Configuring kernel thread starvation detection································································································197
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Displaying and maintaining kernel threads······································································································198
Configuring samplers·············································································································································· 200
Creating a sampler ······················································································································································200
Displaying and maintaining a sampler ·····················································································································200
Sampler configuration example ·································································································································200
Network requirements·········································································································································200
Configuration procedure ····································································································································201
Verifying the configuration·································································································································201
Configuring port mirroring ····································································································································· 202
Overview·······································································································································································202
Terminology ·························································································································································202
Port mirroring implementation····························································································································203
Configuring local port mirroring ································································································································203
Local port mirroring configuration task list ·······································································································203
Creating a local mirroring group ······················································································································204
Configuring source ports for the local mirroring group ··················································································204
Configuring the monitor port for the local mirroring group············································································205
Displaying and maintaining port mirroring···············································································································205
Local port mirroring configuration example··············································································································206
Network requirements·········································································································································206
Configuration procedure ····································································································································206
Verifying the configuration·································································································································206
Configuring NetStream··········································································································································· 207
Overview·······································································································································································207
NetStream architecture ·······································································································································207
Flow aging ···························································································································································208
NetStream data export ·······································································································································208
NetStream filtering and sampling······················································································································211
NetStream configuration task list································································································································211
Enabling NetStream·····················································································································································212
Configuring NetStream filtering ·································································································································213
Configuring NetStream sampling·······························································································································213
Configuring attributes of the NetStream data export·······························································································213
Configuring the NetStream data export format ·······························································································213
Configuring the refresh rate for NetStream version 9 templates····································································215
Configuring MPLS-aware NetStream ················································································································215
Configuring NetStream flow aging····························································································································215
Flow aging methods············································································································································215
Configuration procedure ····································································································································216
Configuring the NetStream data export ····················································································································217
Configuring the NetStream traditional data export·························································································217
Configuring the NetStream aggregation data export·····················································································217
Displaying and maintaining NetStream ····················································································································218
NetStream configuration examples····························································································································219
NetStream traditional data export configuration example ·············································································219
NetStream aggregation data export configuration example ·········································································220
Configuring IPv6 NetStream ·································································································································· 225
Overview·······································································································································································225
IPv6 NetStream architecture·······························································································································225
Flow aging ···························································································································································226
IPv6 NetStream data export·······························································································································226
IPv6 NetStream filtering and sampling ·············································································································227
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IPv6 NetStream configuration task list ·······················································································································228
Enabling IPv6 NetStream ············································································································································229
Configuring IPv6 NetStream filtering·························································································································229
Configuring IPv6 NetStream sampling ······················································································································230
Configuring attributes of the IPv6 NetStream data export ······················································································230
Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export format·······················································································230
Configuring the refresh rate for IPv6 NetStream version 9 templates ···························································231
Configuring MPLS-aware NetStream ················································································································232
Configuring IPv6 NetStream flow aging ···················································································································232
Flow aging methods············································································································································232
Configuration procedure ····································································································································233
Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export············································································································233
Configuring the IPv6 NetStream traditional data export ················································································233
Configuring the IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export·············································································234
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 NetStream············································································································235
IPv6 NetStream configuration examples ···················································································································236
IPv6 NetStream traditional data export configuration example·····································································236
IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export configuration example·································································237
Configuring the information center························································································································ 241
Overview·······································································································································································241
Log types ······························································································································································241
Log levels······························································································································································241
Log destinations ···················································································································································242
Default output rules for logs································································································································242
Default output rules for diagnostic logs·············································································································242
Default output rules for security logs ·················································································································243
Default output rules for hidden logs···················································································································243
Default output rules for trace logs······················································································································243
Default output rules for custom logs···················································································································243
Log formats···························································································································································244
FIPS compliance ···························································································································································246
Information center configuration task list···················································································································246
Outputting logs to the console ····································································································································247
Outputting logs to the monitor terminal ·····················································································································247
Outputting logs to a log host ······································································································································248
Outputting logs to the log buffer ································································································································249
Saving logs to a log file ··············································································································································249
Managing security logs···············································································································································250
Saving security logs to the security log file·······································································································250
Managing the security log file ···························································································································251
Saving diagnostic logs to a diagnostic log file·········································································································251
Configuring the maximum size of the trace log file ·································································································252
Outputting custom NAT444 logs to a log host·········································································································253
Enabling synchronous information output ·················································································································253
Enabling duplicate log suppression ···························································································································254
Disabling an interface from generating link up or link down logs ·········································································254
Displaying and maintaining information center ·······································································································255
Information center configuration examples ···············································································································255
Configuration example for outputting logs to the console ··············································································255
Configuration example for outputting logs to a UNIX log host······································································256
Configuration example for outputting logs to a Linux log host·······································································257
Configuring flow log··············································································································································· 259
Flow log configuration task list ···································································································································261
viii
Configuration prerequisites·········································································································································261
Configuring the flow log version ································································································································261
Specifying a source IP address for flow log packets································································································261
Enabling load balancing for flow log entries············································································································262
Configuring the timestamp of flow logs·····················································································································262
Specifying a flow log export destination···················································································································263
Specifying a log host as the flow log export destination················································································263
Specifying the information center as the flow log export destination····························································263
Displaying and maintaining flow log·························································································································263
Flow log configuration example·································································································································264
Network requirements·········································································································································264
Configuration procedure ····································································································································264
Verifying the configuration·································································································································264
Index ········································································································································································ 266
1
Using ping, tracert, and system debugging
This chapter covers ping, tracert, and information about debugging the system.
Ping
Use the ping utility to determine if an address is reachable.
Ping sends ICMP echo requests (ECHO-REQUEST) to the destination device. Upon receiving the requests,
the destination device responds with ICMP echo replies (ECHO-REPLY) to the source device. The source
device outputs statistics about the ping operation, including the number of packets sent, number of echo
replies received, and the round-trip time. You can measure the network performance by analyzing these
statistics.
Using a ping command to test network connectivity
Execute ping commands in any view.
Task Command
Determine if an address in an IP network is
reachable.
When you configure the ping command for a low-speed
network, set a larger value for the timeout timer (indicated by the
-t keyword in the command).
•For IPv4 networks:
ping [ ip ] [ -a source-ip | -c count | -f | -httl | -i
interface-type interface-number | -m interval | -n | -p pad |
-q | -r | -s packet-size | -t timeout | -tos tos | -v | { -topology
topo-name | -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name }] * host
•For IPv6 networks:
ping ipv6 [ -a source-ipv6 | -c count | -i interface-type
interface-number | -m interval |-q|-s packet-size | -t timeout
| -v |-tc traffic-class | -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] *
host
For more information about the ping mpls command, see MPLS Command Reference.
Ping example
Network requirements
As shown in Figure 1, determine if Device A and Device C can reach each other. If they can reach each
other, get detailed information about routes from Device A to Device C.
2
Figure 1 Network diagram
Configuration procedure
# Use the ping command on Device A to test connectivity to Device C.
Ping 1.1.2.2 (1.1.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=2.137 ms
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=2.051 ms
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=1.996 ms
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=1.963 ms
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=1.991 ms
--- Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.963/2.028/2.137/0.062 ms
The output shows that:
•Device A sends five ICMP packets to Device C and Device A receives five ICMP packets.
•No ICMP packet is lost.
•The route is reachable.
# Get detailed information about routes from Device A to Device C.
<DeviceA> ping -r 1.1.2.2
Ping 1.1.2.2 (1.1.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=4.685 ms
RR: 1.1.2.1
1.1.2.2
1.1.1.2
1.1.1.1
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=4.834 ms (same route)
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=4.770 ms (same route)
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=4.812 ms (same route)
56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=4.704 ms (same route)
--- Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 4.685/4.761/4.834/0.058 ms
The test procedure of ping –r is as shown in Figure 1:
3
1. The source device (Device A) sends an ICMP echo request to the destination device (Device C) with
the RR option blank.
2. The intermediate device (Device B) adds the IP address of its outbound interface (1.1.2.1) to the RR
option of the ICMP echo request, and forwards the packet.
3. Upon receiving the request, the destination device copies the RR option in the request and adds the
IP address of its outbound interface (1.1.2.2) to the RR option. Then the destination device sends
an ICMP echo reply.
4. The intermediate device adds the IP address of its outbound interface (1.1.1.2) to the RR option in
the ICMP echo reply, and then forwards the reply.
5. Upon receiving the reply, the source device adds the IP address of its inbound interface (1.1.1.1)
to the RR option. The detailed information of routes from Device A to Device C is formatted as:
1.1.1.1 <-> {1.1.1.2; 1.1.2.1} <-> 1.1.2.2.
Tracert
Tracert (also called Traceroute) enables retrieval of the IP addresses of Layer 3 devices in the path to a
destination. In the event of network failure, use tracert to test network connectivity and identify failed
nodes.
Figure 2 Tracert operation
Tracert uses received ICMP error messages to get the IP addresses of devices. Tracert works as shown
in Figure 2:
1. The source device sends a UDP packet with a TTL value of 1 to the destination device. The
destination UDP port is not used by any application on the destination device.
2. The first hop (Device B, the first Layer 3 device that receives the packet) responds by sending a
TTL-expired ICMP error message to the source, with its IP address (1.1.1.2) encapsulated. This
way, the source device can get the address of the first Layer 3 device (1.1.1.2).
3. The source device sends a packet with a TTL value of 2 to the destination device.
4. The second hop (Device C) responds with a TTL-expired ICMP error message, which gives the
source device the address of the second Layer 3 device (1.1.2.2).
5. This process continues until a packet sent by the source device reaches the ultimate destination
device. Because no application uses the destination port specified in the packet, the destination
device responds with a port-unreachable ICMP message to the source device, with its IP address
encapsulated. This way, the source device gets the IP address of the destination device (1.1.3.2).
Device A Device B Device DDevice C
1.1.1.1/24
1.1.1.2/24
Hop Lmit=1
TTL exceeded
1.1.2.1/24 1.1.3.1/24
1.1.2.2/24 1.1.3.2/24
Hop Lmit=2
TTL exceeded
UDP port unreachable
Hop Lmit=n
4
6. The source device thinks that:
{The packet has reached the destination device after receiving the port-unreachable ICMP
message.
{T h e p a t h t o t h e d e s t i n a t io n d e vi c e i s 1.1.1. 2 t o 1.1. 2. 2 t o 1.1.3 . 2.
Prerequisites
Before you use a tracert command, perform the tasks in this section.
For an IPv4 network:
•Enable sending of ICMP timeout packets on the intermediate devices (devices between the source
and destination devices). If the intermediate devices are H3C devices, execute the ip ttl-expires
enable command on the devices. For more information about this command, see Layer 3—IP
Services Command Reference.
•Enable sending of ICMP destination unreachable packets on the destination device. If the
destination device is an H3C device, execute the ip unreachables enable command. For more
information about this command, see Layer 3—IP Services Command Reference.
For an IPv6 network:
•Enable sending of ICMPv6 timeout packets on the intermediate devices (devices between the
source and destination devices). If the intermediate devices are H3C devices, execute the ipv6
hoplimit-expires enable command on the devices. For more information about this command, see
Layer 3—IP Services Command Reference.
•Enable sending of ICMPv6 destination unreachable packets on the destination device. If the
destination device is an H3C device, execute the ipv6 unreachables enable command. For more
information about this command, see Layer 3—IP Services Command Reference.
Using a tracert command to identify failed or all nodes in a
path
Execute tracert commands in any view.
Task Command
Display the routes from source to
destination.
•For IPv4 networks:
tracert [ -a source-ip | -f first-ttl |-m max-ttl | -p port | -q packet-number
| -t tos { -topology topo-name | -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name
[ -resolve-as { global | none | vpn } ] } |-w timeout ] * host
•For IPv6 networks:
tracert ipv6 [ -f first-hop| -m max-hops | -p port | -q packet-number | -t
traffic-class | -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name [ -resolve-as { global |
none | vpn } ] | -w timeout ] * host
For more information about the tracert mpls ipv4 command, see MPLS Command Reference.
5
Tracert example
Network requirements
As shown in Figure 3, Device A failed to Telnet to Device C.
Test the network connectivity between Device A and Device C. If they cannot reach each other, locate the
failed nodes in the network.
Figure 3 Network diagram
Configuration procedure
1. Configure the IP addresses for devices as shown in Figure 3.
2. Configure a static route on Device A.
<DeviceA> system-view
[DeviceA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.2
[DeviceA] quit
3. Use the ping command to test connectivity between Device A and Device C.
<DeviceA> ping 1.1.2.2
Ping 1.1.2.2(1.1.2.2): 56 -data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
--- Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted,0 packet(s) received,100.0% packet loss
The output shows that Device A and Device C cannot reach each other.
4. Use the tracert command to identify failed nodes:
# Enable sending of ICMP timeout packets on Device B.
<DeviceB> system-view
[DeviceB] ip ttl-expires enable
# Enable sending of ICMP destination unreachable packets on Device C.
<DeviceC> system-view
[DeviceC] ip unreachables enable
# Execute the tracert command on Device A.
<DeviceA> tracert 1.1.2.2
traceroute to 1.1.2.2 (1.1.2.2) 30 hops at most,40 bytes each packet, press CTRL_C
to break
1 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 1 ms 2 ms 1 ms
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
Device A Device B Device C
1.1.1.1/24 1.1.1.2/24 1.1.2.1/24 1.1.2.2/24
6
5
<DeviceA>
The output shows that Device A can reach Device B but cannot reach Device C. An error has
occurred on the connection between Device B and Device C.
5. Use the debugging ip icmp command on Device A and Device C to verify that they can send and
receive the specific ICMP packets.
Or use the display ip routing-table command to verify that there is a route from Device A to Device
C.
System debugging
The device supports debugging for the majority of protocols and features, and provides debugging
information to help users diagnose errors.
Debugging information control switches
The following switches control the display of debugging information:
•Module debugging switch—Controls whether to generate the module-specific debugging
information.
•Screen output switch—Controls whether to display the debugging information on a certain screen.
Use terminal monitor and terminal logging level commands to turn on the screen output switch. For
more information about these two commands, see Network Management and Monitoring
Command Reference.
As shown in Figure 4, assume that the device can provide debugging for the three modules 1, 2, and 3.
The debugging information can be output on a terminal only when both the module debugging switch
and the screen output switch are turned on.
Debugging information is typically displayed on a console. You can also send debugging information to
other destinations. For more information, see "Configuring the information center."
Figure 4 Relationship between the module and screen output switch
Other manuals for SR6600-X
1
This manual suits for next models
1
Table of contents
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