Hanna Instruments C 99 series User manual

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Instruction Manual
C 99 & C 200
Series
Multiparameter Bench
Photometers
Manufacturers since 1978 These Instruments are in
Compliance with the CE Directives

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Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna product. Please read this instruction
manual carefully before using the meter. This manual will provide you
with the necessary information for the correct use of the instrument. If
you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail
us at [email protected]. These instruments are in compliance
with directives.
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION ............. 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ..................... 3
SPECIFICATIONS .............................. 4
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ................ 4
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ............... 6
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES ................. 7
TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASURE-
MENT ........................................... 10
PARAMETERS REFERENCE TABLES ... 12
OPERATIONAL GUIDE ...................... 19
ABBREVIATIONS.................................20
ALUMINUM ................................... 21
AMMONIA HIGH RANGE .................. 23
AMMONIA MEDIUM RANGE ............. 25
AMMONIA LOW RANGE ................... 27
BROMINE ..................................... 29
FREE CHLORINE ............................ 31
FREE CHLORINE HIGH RANGE.......... 34
TOTAL CHLORINE ........................... 37
TOTAL CHLORINE HIGH RANGE ......... 40
CHLORINE DIOXIDE ........................ 43
CHROMIUM VI HIGH RANGE ............ 46
CHROMIUM VI LOW RANGE ............. 48
COLOR OF WATER .......................... 50
COPPER HIGH RANGE ..................... 52
COPPER LOW RANGE ...................... 54
CYANIDE ....................................... 56
CYANURIC ACID ............................. 59
FLUORIDE ..................................... 61
CALCIUM HARDNESS ...................... 64
MAGNESIUM HARDNESS ................ 67
TOTAL HARDNESS HIGH RANGE ........ 70
TOTAL HARDNESS MEDIUM RANGE .. 73
TOTAL HARDNESS LOW RANGE ......... 76
HYDRAZINE ................................... 79
IODINE ......................................... 82
IRON HIGH RANGE ......................... 84
IRON LOW RANGE .......................... 86
MANGANESE HIGH RANGE .............. 89
MANGANESE LOW RANGE ............... 91
MOLYBDENUM .............................. 94
NICKEL HIGH RANGE ...................... 97
NICKEL LOW RANGE ....................... 99
NITRATE ...................................... 102
NITRITE HIGH RANGE .................... 104
NITRITE LOW RANGE ..................... 106
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL HR .. 108
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL MR .. 111
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL LR ... 114
OXYGEN, DISSOLVED .................... 117
pH ............................................. 120
PHOSPHATE HIGH RANGE ............. 122
PHOSPHATE LOW RANGE .............. 124
PHOSPHORUS ............................ 126
SILICA ........................................ 128
SILVER ....................................... 131
ZINC ........................................... 134
INTERFACE WITH PC ..................... 137
STANDARD METHODS ................... 139
BATTERY REPLACEMENT ................ 140
ACCESSORIES ............................. 141
WARRANTY ................................. 143
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY..144
HANNA LITERATURE.........................145
USER NOTES...................................146
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the
copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895 , USA.

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PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Remove the instrument from the packing material and examine it
carefully to make sure that no damage has occurred during ship-
ment. If there is any damage, notify your Dealer.
Each Meter is supplied complete with:
• Two Sample Cuvets and Caps*
• One Transport Cap
• Two 9 V Batteries
• 12 VDC Transformer (HI 710005 or HI 710006)
Note: Save all packing material until you are sure that the instru-
ment functions correctly. Any defective item must be returned
in its original packing with the supplied accessories.
* C99 & C200, C206, C207, C209, C210 and C213 are supplied with 3 cuvets and caps
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
C 99 & C 200 Series is a line of 15 different bench, microprocessor-
based photometers that measure up to 46 parameters in water and
wastewater. These multipurpose meters are manufactured to measure
the most important parameters of the application they have been
especially designed for:
C 99 Laboratories, with COD C 200 Laboratories
C 203 Aquaculture C 205 Boilers & Cooling Towers
C 206 Environmental Testing C 207 Industrial Wastewater
C 208 Water Conditioning C 209 Education
C 210 Pulp & Paper Mills C 211 Chemical Manufacturers
C 212 Power Plant Utilities C 213 Municipal Wastewater
C 215 Nutrient Analyses C 216 Swimming Pool Applic.
C 218 Environmental Applic.
All meters use an exclusive positive-locking system to ensure that the cuvet
is in the same position every time it is placed into the measurement cell.
The reagents are in liquid or powder form and are supplied in bottles
or in packets. The amount of reagent is precisely dosed to ensure the
maximum repeatability.
Display codes aid the user in routine operations.
The meters have an auto-shut off feature, turning the unit off after
10 minutes of non-use.
The C 99 & C 200 Series can be connected to a personal computer via
the HI 920010 three wire RS 232 cable. The HI 92000 Hanna
Windows®Compatible Software aids the user to manage all test
data.

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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONPRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONPRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Absorption of Light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between
Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter. When a light beam crosses a
substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms,
molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of light absorbed depends both
on the optical path length through the matter and on the physico-
chemical characteristics of substance according to the Lambert-Beer
Law:
-log I/Io= ελc d
or
A = ελc d
Where:
-log I/Io=Absorbance (A)
Io=intensity of incident light beam
I=intensity of light beam after absorption
ελ=molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ
c =molar concentration of the substance
d =optical path through the substance
Therefore, the concentration "c" can be calculated from the absorbance
of the substance as the other factors are known.
Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an
absorbing compound from a specific chemical reaction between sample
and reagents.
Light Life Life of the instrument
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F);
max 95% RH non-condensing
Power Supply 2 x 9 V batteries / 12 to 20 VDC through
voltage adapter
Auto-Shut off After 10' of non-use
Dimensions 230 x 165 x 70 mm (9.0 x 6.5 x 2.8")
Weight 640 g (22.6 oz.)
For specifications related to each single parameter (e.g. range,
accuracy, etc.), refer to the related measurement section.
SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS

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The optical system of Hanna's C 99 & C 200 multiparameter
photometers is based on special subminiature tungsten lamps and
narrow-band interference filters to guarantee both high performance
and reliable results.
Four measuring channels (at four different wavelengths) allow a wide
range of tests.
C 200 Block diagram (optical layout)
A microprocessor controlled special tungsten lamp emits radiation
which is first optically conditioned and beamed to the sample
contained in the cuvet. The optical path is fixed by the diameter of
the cuvet. Then the light is spectrally filtered to a narrow spectral
bandwidth, to obtain a light beam of intensity Ioor I.
The photoelectric cell collects the radiation Ithat is not absorbed by
the sample and converts it into an electric current, producing a
potential in the mV range.
The microprocessor uses this potential to convert the incoming value
into the desired measuring unit and to display it on the LCD.
The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the meter
is zeroed and then the actual measurement is performed.
The cuvet has a very important role because it is an optical element
and thus requires particular attention. It is important that both the
measurement and the calibration (zeroing) cuvets are optically iden-
tical to provide the same measurement conditions. Whenever possible
use the same cuvet for both.
It is also necessary that the surface of the cuvet is clean and not
scratched. This is to avoid measurement interference due to unwanted
reflection and absorption of light. It is recommended not to touch the
cuvet walls with hands.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the same conditions during the
zeroing and the measuring phases, it is necessary to close the cuvet
to prevent any contamination.
Given that the absorption of a compound strictly depends on the
wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth
should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize
measurements.

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FRONT PANEL
1) Cuvet Holder
2) Dual Level Liquid Crystal Display
3) Programs List
4) READ DIRECT, to perform measurement immediately
5) TIMER, to perform measurements after a preprogrammed
countdown
6) ZERO, to zero the meter prior to measurement
7) Program Wand V, to select the desired parameter
8) ON/OFF, to turn the meter on and off
REAR PANEL
1) Power Supply 12 VDC 2.5 Watt
2) RS 232 Socket
3) Batteries Compartment
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

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GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODESGUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODESGUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES
Note: The secondary LCD below shows a generic "P– –", whereas the
meter will indicate the exact program number (e.g. in C 200,
"P1" for Aluminum).
Sampling in progress. This flashing
prompt appears each time the meter is
performing a measurement.
The microprocessor is adjusting the light
level, indicated by a scrolling "SIP".
This indicates that the meter is in a zeroed
state and measurement can be performed.
The blinking "LOBAT" indicates that the
battery voltage is getting low and the
batteries need to be replaced.
The light level is accepted. The instrument
is ready to perform a zero reading. This
flashing prompt will only appear when a
secondzeroreadingneedsto beperformed.
Follow the measurement procedure de-
scribed in the related chapter.
The instrument is performing an internal
check-up.
This indicates that the meter is in a ready
state and zeroing can be performed.
This indicates that the batteries are dead
and must be replaced.

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This indicates that the meter has lost its
configuration. Contact your dealer or the
nearest Hanna Customer Service Center.
ERROR MESSAGESERROR MESSAGES
ERROR MESSAGESERROR MESSAGES
ERROR MESSAGES
a) on zero reading:a) on zero reading:
a) on zero reading:a) on zero reading:
a) on zero reading:
The instrument cannot adjust the light
level.Pleasecheckthatthesampledoesnot
contain any debris.
There is not enough light to perform a
measurement. Please check the prepara-
tion of the zero cuvet.
This indicates that the zeroing procedure
failed due to a low signal-to-noise ratio. In
this case press ZERO again.
There is too much light to perform a
measurement. Please check the prepara-
tion of the zero cuvet.
The lamp is not working properly. Contact
your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer
Service Center.
The lamp is not working properly. Contact
your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer
Service Center.
Light over range. The cuvet is not inserted
correctly and an eccess ambient light is
reaching the detector. If the cuvet is
properly inserted,thencontact your dealer
or the nearest Hanna Customer Service
Center.

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A zero reading was not taken. Follow the
instructiondescribed in the measurement
procedures for zeroing the meter.
Under range. A blinking "0.00" indicates
thatthe sample absorbs lesslight than the
zero reference. Check the procedure and
make sure that you use the same cuvet for
reference (zero) and measurement.
1) A flashing value of the maximum
concentration indicates an over range
condition.Theconcentrationofthesample
is beyond the programmed range: dilute
the sample and rerun the test.
2) A flashing value lower than the
maximum concentration indicates a low
signal-to-noiseratiocondition.In thiscase
accuracy of the result is not guaranteed.
Repeat the reading procedure.
The sample and zero cuvet are inverted.
b) on sample reading:b) on sample reading:
b) on sample reading:b) on sample reading:
b) on sample reading:
There is too much light for the sample
measurement. Please check if the right
sample cuvet is inserted.

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TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENTTIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENTTIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during
testing to ensure best accuracy.
• Color or suspended matter in large amounts may cause interfer-
ence, therefore, these should be removed by treatment with active
carbon and by prior filtration.
• For a correct filling of the cuvet: the
liquid in the cuvet forms a convexity
on the top; the bottom of this convex-
ity must be at the same level of the
10 mL mark.
• In order to measure exactly e.g. 0.5 mL of sample or reagent
with the 1 mL syringe, push the plunger completely into the
syringe and insert the tip into the solution. Pull the plunger up
to above the 0.0 mL mark. Take out the syringe and clean the
outside of the syringe tip. Then, adjust the plunger to the 0.0 mL
mark (the lower edge of the seal must be exactly on the 0.0 mL
mark). Be sure that no drops are hanging on the tip of the
syringe, if so eliminate them. Then, keeping the syringe in vertical
position above the cuvet, push the plunger down until the lower
edge of the seal is exactly on the 0.5 mL mark. Now the exact
amount of 0.5 mL has been added to the cuvet, even if the tip
still contains some reagent or sample.
10 mL
• Proper use of the dropper: to get good
reproducible results, tap the dropper on the
table for several times and wipe the outside
of the dropper tip with a cloth. Always keep
the dropper bottle in a vertical position
while dosing the reagent.