Hanna Instruments HI 993310 User manual

mS
ALARM
mS/cm g/L
CS
C WATER
Conductivity
S SOIL
Salinity
Instruction Manual
HI 993310
Portable
Water Conductivity
& Soil Salinity
Meter
These Instruments are in
Compliance with the CE Directives
Manufacturers since 1978
http://www.hannacan.com
MAN993310R1
03/00
PRINTED IN PORTUGAL
HANNA LITERATUREHANNA LITERATURE
HANNA LITERATUREHANNA LITERATURE
HANNA LITERATURE
Hanna publishes a wide range of catalogs and hand-
books for an equally wide range of applications.
The reference literature currently covers areas such as:
• Water Treatment
• Process
• Swimming Pools
• Agriculture
• Food
• Laboratory
• Thermometry
and many others. New reference material is constantly
being added to the library.
For these and other catalogs, handbooks and leaflets,
contact your dealer or the Hanna Customer Service
Center nearest to you. To find the Hanna Office in
your vicinity, check our home page at
www.hannainst.com.

2
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION ...................................................... 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION .............................................................. 3
CONDUCTIVITY & SALINITY ........................................................ 4
LIQUID PROBE .......................................................................... 8
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE ......................................................... 9
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM ............................................................ 10
SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................... 11
OPERATIONAL GUIDE ............................................................... 12
CALIBRATION ........................................................................... 13
PROBE MAINTENANCE .............................................................. 14
BATTERY REPLACEMENT ............................................................ 15
WARRANTY .............................................................................. 16
ACCESSORIES ........................................................................... 17
OTHER PRODUCTS FROM HANNA ............................................. 19
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the meter.
This manual will provide you with the necessary information for a
correct use of the instrument, as well as a more precise idea of its
versatility. If you need additional technical information, do not
hesitate to e-mail us at [email protected].
These instruments are in compliance with the directives
EN 50081-1 and EN 50082-1.
19
• CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE SOLUTIONS
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• Wide Range of Accessories
Most Hanna meters are available in the following formats:
• BENCH-TOP METERS
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For additional information, contact your dealer or the nearest Hanna
Customer Service Center. You can also e-mail us at:
[email protected].
OTHER PRODUCTS FROM HANNAOTHER PRODUCTS FROM HANNA
OTHER PRODUCTS FROM HANNAOTHER PRODUCTS FROM HANNA
OTHER PRODUCTS FROM HANNA

3
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONPRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
HI 993310 is an instrument that has been specifically designed for
rapid measurement of conductivity of liquids and soil. The meter is
supplied with two probes, HI 76305 with a stainless steel, conic tip
for direct soil measurement, and HI 76304 for fertilizer enriched
solutions.
The meter allows you to read two different scales with two LED lights,
on the front mask indicating which parameter is being tested. In
addition, HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310 is equipped with an alarm LED that
automatically comes on if the soil is too dry, or nutritive substances
are lacking.
Calibration for conductivity measurements can be performed with a
simple dial located on the front mask. It is not necessary to calibrate
the meter for salinity measurements.
Both probes incorporate a temperature sensor and the meter compen-
sates for the temperature automatically.
HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310 comes in a rugged splashproof case for outdoor
measurements and the 9V battery lasts 100 hours of continuous use.
Remove the instrument from the packing material and examine it
carefully to make sure that no damage has occurred during shipping.
If there is any noticeable damage, notify your Dealer or the nearest
Hanna office immediately.
Each meter is supplied with:
• HI 76304 conductivity (plastic) probe
• HI 76305 soil (stainless steel) probe
• 9V battery
• Screwdriver
Note: Save all packing materials until you are sure that the
instrument functions correctly. Any damaged or defective item
must be returned in its original packing materials together
with the supplied accessories.
18
Recommendations for Users
Before using these products, make sure that they are entirely suitable for the environ-
ment in which they are used.
Operation of these instruments in residential area could cause unacceptable interfer-
ence to radio and TV equipment, requiring the operator to take all necessary steps to
correct interferences.
The metal band at the end of the probe is sensitive to electrostatic discharges. Avoid
touching this metal band at all times.
During calibration of the instruments, ESD wrist straps should be worn to avoid possible
damage to the probe by electrostatic discharge.
Any variation introduced by the user to the supplied equipment may degrade the
instruments' EMC performance.
To avoid electrical shock, do not use these instruments when voltages at the measure-
ment surface exceed 24VAC or 60VDC.
Use plastic beakers to minimize any EMC interferences.
To avoid damage or burns, do not perform any measurement in microwave ovens.

4
The salinity of soil, nutritive solutions and irrigation water is an
important parameter for growers and horticulturists. Conductivity of
solutions and salinity have a close correlation.
With HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310 its possible to measure, in a quick and simple
way, the salinity directelly in the ground as well as the conductivity
of nutritive solutions and irrigation water.
The conductivity measurement in liquids is influenced by temperature
whereas salinity of soil depends on the soil texture and its hydric
property.
SOIL SALINITY
Plants absorb nutritive elements dissolved in irrigation water. The ion
concentration of the soil solution depends on the type of soil.
Consequently, soil can be rich or poor in nutrients depending on its
chemical composition and its property in retaining water and chemical
elements. For example, clay soil retains more water than sandy soil
since it holds more cations and has a greater microporosity.
If the soil is dry, fewer ions are at plant’s disposal. This is the reason
why conductivity readings have to be considered in light of water
presence and the soil type.
The soil probe of HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310 makes it easier to control the soil
conditions and to manage the crops.
SOIL PROBE
The soil probe provides a rapid response and is an easy tool to test
the salinity of soil in a variety of applications, among them:
FERTILAZATION
By measuring the salt contents in soil and substrates, before and
after the fertilization, make it possible to know the soil fertility and to
devise an appropriate fertilization plan. Consequently, the plants will
receive the right quantity of nutrients resulting in a regular and
rapid growth, greater resistance to disease and a more appealing
state manifesting their well being.
The younger plants, especially those that have just germinated, are
particularly sensitive to salinity. They require a lower quantity of
fertilizer because they utilize the reserve of nutrients in the seed. This
is true even for resistant species such as sugar beet and alfalfa.
Later on, plants can grow faster with proper fertilization, particularly
in conjunction with optimum lighting and temperature.
CONDUCTIVITY & SALINITYCONDUCTIVITY & SALINITY
CONDUCTIVITY & SALINITYCONDUCTIVITY & SALINITY
CONDUCTIVITY & SALINITY
17
CONDUCTIVITY BUFFER SOLUTIONS
HI 7030L 12880 µS/cm, 460mL
HI 7030M 12880 µS/cm, 230mL
HI 8030L 12880 µS/cm, 460 mL
HI 8030M 12880 µS/cm, 230 mL
CONDUCTIVITY PROBES
HI 76305 Direct soil probe with 1 m cable and ATC
HI 76304 Liquid probe with 1 m cable and ATC
ACCESSORIESACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIESACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES
OTHER ACCESSORIES
HI 710001 Soft carrying case for meter only
HI 721313 Rugged carrying case f
HI 710009 Blue rubber boot
HI 710010 Orange rubber boot
MAN993310 Instruction manual
Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construc-
tion and appearance of its products without advance notice.

5
If slow releasing fertilizers are employed, one can regularly control
their effectiveness by testing the soil salinity.
HIGH SALINITY
Soluble salts are indispensable for plant nutrition. However, when
dosed in excess, they can cause various anomalies: toxicity, alteration
of the equilibrium in nutrient absorption, difficulty in absorbing
water, changing of the pH value and damaging the soil structure.
Some types of soils are naturally rich in salts. Apart from these, an
excessive use of fertilizers must be avoided and particular attention
must be paid to use of water with high salt concentration.
If high values are detected, use the appropriate techniques to reduce
the presence of salts (washing away irrigation, reduction of fertilizer
dosages, addition of gypsum if salinity is caused by sodium, etc.).
IRRIGATION
If the measured values are low it can be due to the fact that the soil
is dry. In this case, repeat the tests after adding demineralized water
to the soil. Even soils rich in nutrients can give low values if they are
not wet enough. Irrigation schedules can then be made based on the
measured value.
In case of waterlogged soil, the values can be very high indicating
stressed plants.
How to use the soil probeHow to use the soil probe
How to use the soil probeHow to use the soil probe
How to use the soil probe
- The probe should be inserted in the soil where the roots are more
dense or numerous.
-The recommended depth is 10-15 cm (4-6") for lawn and young
plants;
-20-30 cm (8-12") for vegetables and small plant;
-For plants with deep roots (e.g. trees, maize, sunflower etc.), it is
advised to measure at different depths (e.g., 30, 50 and 80 cm,
that is 12, 20 and 32").
- Take the measure in more spots to have a representative average.
- The soil has to be wet. If the soil is dry, add demineralized water.
- The tip of the probe must be in complete contact with the soil. If the
substrate is too soft, press it with your fingers to achieve a proper
contact.
- Wait until the value on the display is stabilized.
16
All Hanna Instruments meters are warranted for two years against
defects in workmanship and materials when used for their intended
purpose and maintained according to instructions. The electrodes and
the probes are warranted for a period of six months. This warranty is
limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
Damages due to accident, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed
maintenance are not covered.
If service is required, contact the dealer from whom you purchased the
instrument. If under warranty, report the model number, date of
purchase, serial number and the nature of the failure. If the repair
is not covered by the warranty, you will be notified of the charges
incurred. If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments,
first obtain a Returned Goods Authorization number from the Cus-
tomer Service department and then send it with shipping costs
prepaid. When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly
packaged for complete protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty
card within 14 days from the date of purchase.
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is
prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner,
Hanna Instruments Inc.
WARRANTYWARRANTY
WARRANTYWARRANTY
WARRANTY

6
ORCHARD IDEAL VALUES
Apricot
Orange
Cherry
Lemon
Apple
Walnut
Pear
Peach
Plum
Grape vine
0.2-0.4
0.1-0.3
0.2-0.4
0.1-0.3
0.2-0.3
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
VEGETABLES & HERBACEOUS
CULTIVATIONS IDEAL VALUES
Asparagus
Sugar beet
Carrot
Cauliflower
Cucumber
Onion
Watermelon
Cotton
Lettuce
Maize
Egg plant
Melon
Bean
Strawberry
Wheat
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.2-0.5
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
Find below some indicative values for common plants. For more precise
values consult your local horticulturist:
15
BATTERY REPLACEMENTBATTERY REPLACEMENT
BATTERY REPLACEMENTBATTERY REPLACEMENT
BATTERY REPLACEMENT
When the battery voltage is low the meter will display "V".
When the low battery indicator appears, the battery has only a few
hours left. HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310HI 993310
HI 993310 will then automatically turn off itself to
prevent erroneous measurements, due to low battery.
It is recommended to replace the battery immediately upon seeing
the "V" symbol.
Battery replacement must only take place in a non-hazardous area
using an alkaline 9V battery.
Slide off the battery compartment cover at the rear of the meter and
replace the 9V battery with a new one. Make sure the battery
contacts are tight and secure before replacing the cover.
V
mS
BATTERY
SLIDE
OFF

7
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
AND FLOWERS IDEAL VALUES
Amaranthus
Anthurium
Azalea
Begonia
Chrysanthemum
Croton
Cyclamen
Dahlia
Dieffenbachia
Dracaena
Euphorbia
Ficus
Gerbera
Kalanchoe
Lilium
Orchid
Pelargonium
Peperomia
Philodendron
Rose
Saintpaulia
Violet
0.4-0.6
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.6
0.4-0.7
0.2-0.4
0.4-0.6
0.4-0.5
0.4-0.6
0.2-0.4
0.4-0.6
0.4-0.7
0.4-0.6
0.2-0.5
0.3-0.6
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.4-0.6
0.2-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.2-0.4
LAWN IDEAL VALUES
Lawn 0.1-0.4
Oat
Potato
Pepper
Pea
Tomato
Soybean
Spinach
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.5
0.2-0.4
0.2-0.3
0.2-0.6
0.2-0.3
0.2-0.4
Tobbaco 0.2-0.4
14
C
ON
OFF
2
+
CALIBRATION
mS
• Press the ON/OFF button to turn the meter on, and then press
"C" button to enter in Water Conductivity mode.
• Wait for a couple of minutes for thermal equilibrium to be
reached.
• Turn the calibration knob until the display shows the conductivity
value of the calibration solutions at 25°C (12.88 mS/cm).
• All subsequent measurements will be compensated to 25°C (77°F).
• The calibration is now complete and the instrument is ready for
use.
The instrument should be recalibrated at least once a month, or
when the probe or battery is changed.
Note: For more accurate results, it is advisable to use a calibration
solution close to the range to be measured. See the accessories
on page 9 for a selection of conductivity solutions.
PROBE MAINTENANCEPROBE MAINTENANCE
PROBE MAINTENANCEPROBE MAINTENANCE
PROBE MAINTENANCE
HI 76305HI 76305
HI 76305HI 76305
HI 76305 probe: Clean the tip with a fine sand paper prior to each
measurement. After use dry the probe with a cloth.
HI 76304HI 76304
HI 76304HI 76304
HI 76304 probe: Rinse with tap water after a series of measure-
ments. If a more thorough cleaning is required, clean the probe with
a dry cloth.
After cleaning the probe, recalibrate the instrument.

8
IRRIGATION WATERIRRIGATION WATER
IRRIGATION WATERIRRIGATION WATER
IRRIGATION WATER
The irrigation water must be checked regularly, especially in the
hydroponics industry. Conductivity is the most important parameter to
check since plants can be seriously damaged with too high a value.
Water used for irrigation has been classified in four distinct categories
depending on its conductivity:
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
EC < 0.75 mS/cm
EC 0.75 - 2.50 mS/cm
EC 2.50 - 4.00 mS/cm
EC > 4.00 mS/cm
Class I: Any quantity of this type of water can be used without
limitation.
Class II: Only a limited quantity should be used depending on the
irrigation techniques and the crop.
Class III: May be used occasionally but for tolerant plants and/or
well-drained soils.
Class IV: To be used only if there is no other alternative and as little
as possible.
NUTRITIVE SOLUTIONS
The nutritive solutions constitute one of the most important factors in
determining the plant’s growth and yield. Hence, putting the right
solution at the plant’s disposal is indispensable to get the best result.
Conductivity (EC) of nutritive solutions must be checked regularly to
ensure that it agrees with the plant’s constitution. The plants also
have seasonal preferences, typically requiring lower concentrations in
the summer.
Asparagus
Watermelon
Carrot
Cabbage
Cucumber
Crysanthemum
1.50-2.00
1.50-2.50
1.50-2.00
2.00-3.00
2.00-3.00
1.50-2.50
PLANT PREFERED EC VALUES
LIQUID PROBELIQUID PROBE
LIQUID PROBELIQUID PROBE
LIQUID PROBE
13
than 30°C, allow more time for the thermal equilibrium of the
system to be achieved.
• The meter provides for an LED alarm when measuring soil salinity.
If the LED is lit it means that the soil is too dry for a proper
measurement or it lacks nutritive substances. Wet the soil with a
moderate quantity of deminarilized water. Carry out the mea-
surement again and if the LED comes on, it means that in the soil
lacks nutritive elements (see page 5 for more details).
NOTE: Before any soil measurement, it is recommended that the tip
HI 76305 (soil probe) is rubbed with a fine sandpaper.
• After the measurement has been completed, the instrument can
be switched off, or it will automatically turn itself off after
approximately 2 minutes.
• The probes should be cleaned and dried (see "Probe Mainte-
nance" on page 14), after each measurement.
CALIBRATIONCALIBRATION
CALIBRATIONCALIBRATION
CALIBRATION
Calibration is not necessary for soil salinity tests.
PROCEDURE FOR WATER CONDUCTIVITY
• Pour sufficient quantity of a conductiv-
ity calibration solution (e.g. HI 7030)
into a beaker. If possible, use plastic
beakers (to minimize any EMC inter-
ference).
• Immerse the conductivity probe (approx.
5 cm/2").
HI 7030
5cm
(2“)

9
Onion
Bean
Strawberry
1.50-2.00
2.00-2.50
2.00-2.50
Lettuce
Egg plant
Melon
Potato
Pepper
Pea
1.00-1.50
2.50-3.00
1.50-2.50
2.00-3.00
2.00-3.00
1.00-1.50
Tomato
Celery
Marrow
2.50-5.00
2.00-2.50
2.00-2.50
To measure the conductivity of diluted soil solutions follow this
procedure:
A) Sample preparation:
1) Extract the soil by:
- Taking one 1 sample for every 1000 m2(0.25 acre) of homogeneous
plot of land;
- Even for smaller plots, at least 2 samples are recommended (the
more samples are taken, the more representative the end-result will
be);
2) Avoid extracting samples from soil showing obvious anomalies.
Treat this type of soil separately;
3) Sample quantity:
Take the same quantity of soil for each sample. For example, use
bags with the same dimensions (1 bag per sample);
4) Depth of extraction:
General: dig and discard 5 cm (2") of the topsoil
Herbaceous crops: from 20 to 40 cm (8" to 16")
Orchards: from 20 to 60 cm (8" to 24'’);
5) Spread the soil samples on pages of a newspaper and let the soil
dry in a shady place, or in an oven at 40° C (104°F);
6) Crumble the dried soil and mix all the samples together to obtain
a homogeneous mixture. Discard stones and vegetable residues;
7) From this mixture, take the soil sample for the analysis.
PREPARATION OF SAMPLEPREPARATION OF SAMPLE
PREPARATION OF SAMPLEPREPARATION OF SAMPLE
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
12
OPERATIONAL GUIDEOPERATIONAL GUIDE
OPERATIONAL GUIDEOPERATIONAL GUIDE
OPERATIONAL GUIDE
• Each meter is supplied complete with a 9V battery and two
probes. Slide off the battery compartment cover on the back of
the meter (see page 15). Install the battery while paying
attention to its polarity.
• Connect the right probe for your measurement. Connect HI 76305
(stainless steel) for soil salinity or HI 76304 (plastic) for water
conductivity
• Connect the probe to the meter securely by aligning the pins with
the socket and pushing the plug in. Always detach the probe by
holding on the connector (and not rhe cable).
• Make sure that the meter has been calibrated before taking any
measurements (see page 7 for calibration).
• Immerse the conductivity probe into the
sample (approx. 5 cm/2"). If possible, use
plastic beakers or containers.
• For soil salinity measurements, directly insert
the stainless steel probe to a depth of 15
cm (6") in the soil.
• Turn the instrument on by pressing the
ON/OFF key.
• Press the "C" key for Water Conductivity or "S" for Soil Salinity
measurement.
NOTE: Ensure that the probe is also changed when the type of
measurement is changed
• In Water Conductivity mode wait for a couple of minutes for the
temperature sensor to reach thermal equilibrium with the sample
before taking measurements.
When the sample's temperature is lower than 20°C or higher
TOP VIEW of
HI 993310
Socket for
probe
5cm
(2“)
ON
OFF
CS

10
B) Soil solution preparation and measurement:
1) Strain the soil with a 2-mm sieve;
2) Use 1 part of soil and 2 parts of distilled water;
3) Mix for 30 seconds;
4) Wait for 1 hour;
5) Filter the solution and measure the conductivity.
1) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
2) ON/OFF key
3) Water Conductivity selection key
4) Calibration Dial
5) Alarm LED
6) LED indicators
7) Soil Salinity selection key
ON
OFF
ALARM
S
C
-
+
HI 993310
mS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
g/LmS/cm
C WATER Conductivity
S SOIL Salinity
CALIBRATION
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMFUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMFUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
11
SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
Range g/L 0.00 to 1.00
mS/cm 0.00 to 19.99
Resolution g/L 0.01
mS/cm 0.01
Accuracy 2% Full Scale
(@ 20°C / 68°F) from 0 to 15.00 mS/cm excluding probe error
Typical EMC ±2 % Full Scale
Deviation
Calibration Water conductivity
Manual single setpoint through trimmer
Soil Salinity: Factory calibrated
Temperature Automatic from 0 °C to 50 °C
Compensation with a ß of 2% per degree °C
Probe (included)HI 76305,amperometric, steel, ATC, 1m cable
HI 76304 amperometric, ATC, 1m cable
Both probes are included
Alarm active when salinity value is lower than 0.20
and when salinity values is higher than
1.0
Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F);
max 95% RH non-condensing
Battery Type 9 Volt (alkaline)
Life 100 hours of continuous use
Dimensions 185 x 82 x 45 mm (7.3 x 3.2 x1.8")
Weight 355 g (13 oz.)