HP 8530A Owner's manual

Operating and Programming Manual
HP 8530A Receiver
ABCDE
HP P
art No
.8530-90010
Printed in US
AF
ebruary 1994
Edition 2

Errata
Title & Document Type:
Manual Part Number:
Revision Date:
HP References in this Manual
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-
Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis
businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this
manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX.
For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.
About this Manual
We’ve added this manual to the Agilent website in an effort to help you support your
product. This manual provides the best information we could find. It may be incomplete
or contain dated information, and the scan quality may not be ideal. If we find a better
copy in the future, we will add it to the Agilent website.
Support for Your Product
Agilent no longer sells or supports this product. You will find any other available
product information on the Agilent Test & Measurement website:
www.tm.agilent.com
Search for the model number of this product, and the resulting product page will guide
you to any available information. Our service centers may be able to perform calibration
if no repair parts are needed, but no other support from Agilent is available.
8530A Receiver Operating and Programming Manual
08530-90010
February 1, 1994

Legal Information
Legal notices are posted in the beginning of the HP 8530A User's Guide.
c

Copyright 1994 Hewlett-P
ackard Company
.All rights reserved.

Printing History
New editions of this manual will incorporate all material updated since the previous editions.
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The printing date
changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections and updates which are incorporated
at reprint do not cause the date to change.) The manual part number changes when extensive
technical changes are incorporated.
The following versions of this manual have been produced:
Edition Date Firmware
Revision
Edition 1 June 1992 A.01.40
Edition 2 October 1993 A.01.60
Manual Applicability
This manual applies to HP 8530A Receivers having an HP 85102R IF detector with serial
number prex 3237A or higher
,running rmware revision A.01.60.
iii

Safety Considerations
General
This product and related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety
markings and instructions before operation. This product has been designed and tested in
accordance with international standards.
Safety Symbols
L
Instruction manual symbol: the product will be marked with this symbol when
it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual for warnings or
cautions.
M
Indicates hazardous voltages.
K
Indicates earth (ground) terminal.
W
arning
The W
ARNING sign denotes ahazard. It calls attention to aprocedure
,
practice
,or the like
,which, if not correctly performed or adhered to
,
could result in personal injury
.Do not proceed beyond aW
ARNING sign
until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
Caution
The CAUTION sign denotes ahazard. It calls attention to an operating
procedure
,practice
,or the like
,which, if not correctly performed or adhered
to
,could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond aCA
UTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
Safety Earth Ground
This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing terminal). An
uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source to the
product input wiring terminals, power, cord, or supplied power cord set. Whenever it is likely
that the protection has been impaired, the product must be made inoperative and secured
against any unintended operation.
Before Applying P
ower
Verify that the product is congured to match the available main power source as described in
the input power conguration instructions provided in this manual.
If this product is to be powered by an autotransformer, make sure the common terminal is
connected to the neutral (grounded) side of the AC power supply.
iv

Servicing
Any servicing, adjustment, maintenance, or repair of this product must be performed by
qualied personnel.
Capacitors inside this product could still be charged even when disconnected from their power
source.
To avoid a re hazard, only fuses with the required current rating and of the specied type
(normal blow, time delay,etc.) are to be used for replacement.
v

Typeface Conventions
Bold Bold type is used to introduce a new term. Terms that are highlighted
in this way are dened in the glossary.
Italics Italic type is used for emphasis, and for the titles of manuals and other
publications. It is also used when describing a computer variable .For
example: \Type: LOAD BIN lename 4
Return
5 "
Computer Computer type is used to depict on-screen prompts and messages.
4
Front Panel Keys
5 Front panel keys are shown in enclosed boxes. Numbers you must
enter into the data keypad are shown in normal print, they are not
enclosed in boxes.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Soft Keys Softkeys are the keys on the right-hand side of the display. The
function of these keys changes depending on the displayed menu.
vi

Warranty
Certication
Hewlett-Packard Company certies that this product met its published specications at the
time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard further certies that its calibration
measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST, formerly NBS), to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility,
and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
Warranty
This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one year from date of delivery. During the warranty period,
Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to
be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by
HP. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges to return the
product to Buyer. However
,Buyer shall pay all shipping charges
,duties
,and taxes for products
returned to HP from another country
.
HP warrants that its software and rmware designated by HP for use with an instrument will
execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. HP does not
warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or rmware will be uninterrupted or
error free
.
LIMIT
A
TION OF W
ARRANTY
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate
maintenance by Buyer
,Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modication or
misuse
,operation outside of the environmental specications for the product, or improper site
preparation or maintenance
.
NO OTHER W
ARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
.HP SPECIFICALL
YDISCLAIMS
THE IMPLIED W
ARRANTIES OF MERCHANT
ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR AP
ARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER
LEGAL THEORY
.
Assistance
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for
Hewlett-Packard products.F
or any assistance
, contact your nearest Hewlett-P
ackard Sales and
Service Oce
.
vii

Contents
1. General Information
Chapter Contents .............................. 1-1
Operating and Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Service .................................. 1-1
HP 8530A Description ............................ 1-2
Measurement Features.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-4
Design Background of the HP 8530A .................... 1-4
Major Features.... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-4
Angle Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Frequency Domain .............................1-5
Time Domain .... .. ................... .. .. .. 1-5
Calibration . ..
..
..
...................
..
..
.. 1-6
F
our Measurement Inputs ......................... 1-6
Selectable Input Ratios . .. .......................
.1-6
Flexible Triggering ..
..
......................... 1-6
Measure P
arameter 1, 2, 3 or 4in Any Combination .............1-7
Save/Recall Registers ............
................1-7
Measure P
erformance Relative to the P
eak of the Main Lobe .........1-7
Remote Programming ...........................1-7
Data Presentation F
eatures ..........
...............1-7
Display F
ormats ...........
..
................1-7
Multiple Measurements Can be Shown Simultaneously ...........1-7
Trace Memory and Trace Math .................
..
...1-7
Markers Display Precise V
alues for Any P
oint on Display Traces ......1-8
External Video Monitor .................
..
..
..
..1-8
Optional Network Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Input/Output Features .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-8
Printing and Plotting Features . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1-8
Peripheral Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Built In Disc Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
How the HP 8530A Receiver Diers from Similar Products ...........1-9
Options ......................... ..........1-10
Option 005 -P
ositioner Encoder Compatibility ...............
.1-10
Option 010 - Time Domain Operation ......
.............. 1-10
Option 011 - A
dd HP 8510C Firmware Operating System ...
........ 1-10
Option 908 - Rack Mount Kit (for instruments without handles) . . . . . ... 1-10
Option 913 - Rack Mount Kit (for instruments with handles) ........ . 1-10
Option 910 - A
dditional Manual Set . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1-10
Option W31 - Extended Service (On-Site, where Available) .... .. .. .. 1-10
EquipmentSupplied ............................. 1-11
A
ccessories and Supplies ...........................1-12
HP-IB Extenders (HP 37204A) and Related Cables ..............1-12
Standard Coax HP-IB Extender ......................1-12
Option 013 Optical Fiber HP-IB Extender ...
..............1-12
HP 85043A System Cabinet .....
....................1-12
Contents-1

Connector Savers ............................. 1-12
Connector Cleaning Supplies ........................ 1-13
Touch Up Paint .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-13
Specications ................................ 1-14
Environmental Characteristics .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-14
Temperature, Humidity, Altitude,RFI .................... 1-14
Electrical Requirements . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-14
Size and Weight .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-14
Allowable HP-IB Cable Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Allowable System Bus Cable Lengths .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1-15
Compatible Instruments ........................... 1-15
CompatibleLOSources.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-15
HP 8350 Plug-Ins .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1-15
HP 8360 Family Sources .......................... 1-16
Fast measurement speed and Quick Step mode .............. 1-16
CompatibleRFSources............................ 1-17
Fast Measurement Speeds and Quick Step Mode .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 1-17
Compatible Frequency Converters ...................... 1-18
HP 85310A Distributed Frequency Converter. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-18
HP x85325A Millimeter Wave Subsystem .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-18
HP 8511A/B Frequency Converter (T
est Set) . .. .. ..
..........1-18
Compatible Printers ......
..
..
..
.................1-18
Compatible Plotters ................
..
...........1-19
Compatible External Monitors ................. .......1-19
2. System Overview
Chapter Contents ..............................2-1
Principles of Operation .........................
...2-2
Description of HP 8530A Internal Processes .................2-2
Analog Section . .........................
...2-3
Digital Section . ..
.......................
..
..2-3
Analog Signal Process Stages . ....................... 2-4
Digital Data Process Stages ......... ................2-5
About the Main Microprocessor ....... .. .. ...........2-5
Internal Data Flow ........ .. .. .................2-6
Raw Data Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Error Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Convert Parameter.... .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2-7
Time Domain Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Corrected Data Array .......................... 2-7
Memory Arrays . .........................
...2-7
Trace Math . ............
..................2-7
F
ormat and Smoothing ............ ............
..2-8
Formatted Data Array .. .. .. .. .. ................ 2-8
Scaling and Display ........................... 2-8
Channel Coupling ................
............. 2-8
Automatic Recall of Instrument Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 2-9
The A
dded Benet of the SA
VE/RECALL feature .... .. .. .. .. .. 2-10
Factory Preset State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
HARDWARE STATE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 2-12
Contents-2

3. Front and Rear Panel
Chapter Contents .............................. 3-1
Front Panel Display Features ......................... 3-2
Display Annotation Areas . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 3-2
Channel/Parameter Identication Area .................. 3-2
Stimulus ValuesArea.. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3-2
Active Entry Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Title Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
System Messages Area .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . 3-3
One-Character Special Display Annotations ................ 3-3
Softkey Menu and Marker List Display Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Using Softkey Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
How to Tell when a Function is Selected ................. 3-4
Mutually-Exclusive functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Other Softkey Protocol and Details .................... 3-4
Front Panel Features............................. 3-5
Channel Selection ............................. 3-5
Basic Measurement Functions ....................... 3-7
ENTRY Block ............................... 3-8
Changing Values Using the Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Other Keys in the Entry Block ..
..
..
..
..............3-9
MENUS Block ........ .. .. ................... 3-9
INSTRUMENT ST
A
TE Block .............
..
.........3-10
A
UXILIARY MENUS Block ................ .........3-10
MEASUREMENT REST
ART Key ................ .......3-11
HP-IB Mode/Diagnostic Indicator ......................3-11
Built-In Disc Drive .............................3-11
Recessed TEST button ......................... ..3-11
Rear Panel F
eatures .............................3-12
T
op Box Rear P
anel ......................
......3-12
RS-232 #1 and RS-232 #2 ....................... .. 3-12
EXTERNAL DISPLAY .. ....................... .3-13
IF/DISPLA
Y INTERCONNECT ..
.....................3-13
SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (System Bus Connector) ....
..
..
..
...3-13
HP-IB Connector (HP-IB Bus) .....
..
..
..
............3-14
Line VoltageSelector.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 3-14
Line Voltage Fuse ............................ 3-14
Bottom Box Rear Panel. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 3-14
IF/DISPLAYINTERCONNECT....................... 3-14
AUX1, AUX2, RECEIVER READY BNCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
ENCODER INTERCONNECT . ............
..........3-14
EVENT TRIGGER BNC ............
.............
.3-14
TEST SET INTERCONNECT .......................3-14
SWEEP IN 0-10V BNC ....................
...... 3-14
L.O. PHASELOCK OUT BNC .. .. .. .. .. ............. 3-14
STOP SWP BNC (Stop Sweep) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. 3-15
TRIGGER IN BNC ................
............ 3-15
10 MHz IN BNC .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ............. 3-15
20 MHz OUT BNC ............................ 3-15
PULSE OUT (OPT 008) BNC ....................... 3-15
ANALOG
6
10V BNC ...........................3-15
Line V
oltage Selector (Bottom Box) ........
............3-15
Line V
oltage Fuse (Bottom Box) ........
.............
.3-15
Contents-3

4. Active Channel Block
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
The Two Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Independent Channel Settings . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4-1
Internal Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
5. Menus Block
Chapter Contents .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-1
Calibration .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-3
Section Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Information Pertaining to All Calibration Types ................ 5-3
What is Calibration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Calibration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Use the Same Equipment Setup in the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Settings You Can Change after Performing a Calibration .. .. .. .. .. . 5-4
Setting Changes that Require Special Consideration .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-5
Changing Parameter ...... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-5
Changing Stimulus Values ........................ 5-5
Settings that should not be changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Selecting a Dierent Frequency Range .................. 5-5
Selecting aGreater Number of P
oints . .... .. ............5-5
Using A
veraging ....... .. .. ................... 5-6
If you are using averaging .............
..
.........5-6
Specic Calibration Procedures ................. .......5-8
Antenna Calibration .................. ...........5-9
Important T
erms .................
.............5-9
Angle Domain and Frequency Domain Calibrations .............. 5-9
Using a Frequency Domain Calibration in Angle Domain. ..........5-9
Standard Gain Antenna Denitions ......................5-11
P
erforming an Antenna Calibration ......................5-11
Frequency Domain Calibration .......................5-11
Angle Domain Calibration ..
....................... 5-15
Important Note On Antenna Measurements ......
..
.........5-17
Things to Try ........ .. .. ................... 5-17
RCS Calibration ......... .. .. ..................5-18
RCS Calibration Description ........................ 5-18
Important Information about Gating During the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
RCS Calibration Overview ......................... 5-19
RCS Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Updating the Background ......................... 5-23
Network Analyzer Calibrations ............ ............5-24
What is Network Analyzer Calibration? ...................5-24
Standards ...............
............
.....5-24
Calibration Kits .. .. .. .. .. .. ................. 5-24
Loading a Cal Kit Denition ............... .. .. .. .. 5-25
Important Denitions .................. .. .. .. .. . 5-25
Types of Network Analyzer Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 5-25
Calibration Overview ...................
........ 5-26
Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Response Calibration Procedure ...................... 5-28
Error Correction Now Goes ON .........
.............5-29
Response and Isolation Calibration ......................5-29
Response &Isolation Procedure .......................5-30
Error Correction Now Goes ON ......................5-31
1-P
ort Calibration ..............................5-32
Contents-4

Standards Required for a 1-Port Calibration .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-32
Performing a 1-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Error Correction Now Goes ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Supplementary Calibration Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Storing and Loading Calibration Data (to/from disc) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-35
Storing the Cal Set to Disc . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-35
Storing a Single Cal Set to a File .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . 5-35
Replacing an Existing File ........................ 5-35
Storing Multiple Cal Sets to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Loading Cal Sets from Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Loading a File Containing a Single Cal Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Loading a File Containing Multiple Cal Sets .... .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-36
TurningONanExistingCalSet....................... 5-37
Exiting and Resuming a Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Limitations .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 5-37
Proper Connector Torque. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-37
Principles and Care of Calibration Standards .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 5-38
Calibration Standards Require Careful Handling ............... 5-38
Proper Inspection, Cleaning, and Connection .... .. .. . .. .. .. . 5-38
Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Quality of the Standards Aects A
ccuracy . .. .. .. ..........5-38
Standard Models Dier Depending on Connector Type . .... .. ....5-38
Specications
,Modifying aCal Kit .............. ......5-39
Common Problems .................. ...........5-39
V
erifying Calibration Data ................ ..........5-39
Modifying Network Analyzer Calibration Kit Denitions ............5-40
Modifying aNetwork Analyzer Cal Set ....................5-42
Reduce Number of P
oints After Calibration .................5-42
Eects in Step Sweep Mode ....................... 5-42
Eects in Ramp Sweep Mode ....................... 5-42
Dening a Frequency Subset . ....................... 5-43
Create and Save the Frequency Subset ..................5-43
Eects in Ramp Sweep Mode ......................5-44
A
djusting Trim Sweep .....
..
..
..
.................5-45
Trim Sweep Procedure ......
..
..
..
...............5-45
Creating a Standard Gain Antenna Denition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-46
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
Important Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
The Supplied Cal Denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
Required Hardware . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-46
Creating an Antenna Denition ...........
............. 5-47
Choosing the Number of Frequency P
oints to Dene .............5-47
Covering a Wide Frequency Range .....................5-47
Determine Required Stimulus V
alues .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 5-47
Choosing the Number of P
oints . . . . . . . . . . ............. 5-47
Determining the Frequency Increment ..............
..... 5-47
Determining Gain V
alues at Each Frequency Increment (Graph F
ormat) . . . . 5-48
If Using Data in T
able F
ormat . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. .. .. . 5-49
Even Frequency Increments ........................ 5-49
Required ASCII File Format .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-50
In-Depth Description of aCal Denition ...................5-51
Saving the Cal Denition File ........................5-52
Loading the Cal Denition into the HP 8530A ................5-52
Creating aCal Denition with Multiple Antenna Denitions .........5-53
Details on the Supplied Antenna Denitions .................5-54
Contents-5

Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55
Frequency Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55
Time Domain (Time Band Pass)....................... 5-56
AngleDomain... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-56
Specify Time and Specify Gate .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 5-56
Display ................................... 5-57
Section Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-57
4
DISPLAY
5 Key Functions ...... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-57
Displaying More than One Trace ...................... 5-58
Adjusting the Display ............................ 5-58
Changing CRT Intensity .......................... 5-58
Changing Background Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-58
Changing Display Colors .......................... 5-59
How to Modify Colors .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . 5-60
Using an External Monitor ......................... 5-61
How to Tell if a Monitor will be Compatible .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-61
Installing an External Monitor .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-62
Monitors that Use Separate Horizontal and VerticalSync ........... 5-63
HP8530ASettings.... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5-63
Monitor Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-63
Monitors that Use One Sync Connector .... .. ..
...........5-64
HP 8530A Settings ......... .. .................5-64
Monitor Settings .................. ...........5-64
Monitors with No Sync Connectors .............
..
......5-65
HP 8530A Settings ................. ...........5-65
Monitor Settings .............................5-65
Monitors that Support All Sync Types ..............
......5-66
HP 8530A Settings ............................5-66
Monitor Settings . ......................... ...5-66
When external video conguration settings change .............5-67
Using Trace Memory .. .......................
..
.5-67
Storing aTracein Memory ....................... .5-67
Displaying the Memory Trace . ......................5-67
Settings that can, and cannot be changed .... .. .. ........5-68
Displaying Data and Memory at the Same Time . .... .. .......5-68
Settings that can, and cannot be changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-68
Selecting Default Memory ........................ 5-68
Volatile and non-volatile trace memories ................ 5-69
Operational life of non-volatile memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-69
Using Trace Math ............................. 5-70
Changing the Default Trace Math Function .........
.......5-70
P
erforming a Trace Math Operation ......... ...........5-71
Comparing Channel 1 Data with Channel 2Data ........
.......5-71
Measurement Markers ......................
...... 5-73
Section Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 5-73
Marker Functions .................... .. .. .. .. .. 5-73
Using Standard Markers ................
........... 5-73
Select the A
ctiveMarker.................... .. .. .. 5-74
Marker Units ............................... 5-75
Continuous and Discrete Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-75
Marker List Displays ............................5-76
Example of the Default Mode (\F
our P
aram 1Marker" mode) ..
......5-76
F
our P
aram 1Marker Mode .......
.................5-76
F
our P
aram 5Marker Mode ........................5-77
Marker List On/O ............................5-77
Contents-6

Delta Mode Markers ............................. 5-78
Marker Search Modes ............................ 5-79
Search Right and Search Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-80
1 Mode Operation .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 5-81
Example of Delta Marker Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-81
Beamwidth and Bandwidth Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-83
6. Stimulus Functions
Chapter Contents .............................. 6-1
Introduction to Stimulus Functions ...................... 6-2
Angle Domain Stimulus Controls ....................... 6-3
Setting Measurement Angles ........................ 6-3
Setting Measurement Frequency ...................... 6-3
Setting Increment Angle .......................... 6-4
Selecting Sweep Mode (single or swept angle) ................ 6-4
HP 85370A Position Encoder Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Position Encoder Softkeys .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 6-5
Conguration Functions .......................... 6-6
Single and Dual Synchro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Selecting single and dual synchro mode for any axis . ..........6-6
Angle Display Modes ....... .. .. ................6-6
Operational Functions ................
..
.........6-7
Axis Controls ................
..
............6-7
Boresight Angle .................. ...........6-7
Oset Functions ..................
...........6-7
Details about Save Oset ................
.........6-8
Osets are axis independent ......................6-8
A
dding incremental osets .......................6-8
Encoder Settings and Save/Recall Registers ................6-8
Details about Save Oset . .......................
.6-8
Osets are axis-independent ..
....................6-8
A
dding incremental osets .......
..
..............6-8
Using oset functions ......
..
..
..
.............6-8
Frequency/Time Domain Stimulus Control ....... .. .. ........6-9
Setting Frequency Values.......................... 6-9
When to Use START/STOP versus CENTER/SPAN .... .. .. .. .. . 6-10
Selecting Frequencies Using Markers .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6-10
Selecting the Number of Points to Measure .... .. .. . .. .. .. .. 6-10
Source Sweep Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Selecting a Sweep Mode ...........
..............6-13
Entering Ramp, Step
,and Single P
oint Stimulus V
alues ...
........6-13
Speed of Ramp
,and Step Modes (in HP 8511 systems) ...........6-13
Frequency List Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 6-14
Creating a Frequency List .... . .. .. .. ............... 6-15
Entering the First Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . 6-15
Add Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 6-15
Editing the Frequency List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 6-16
Changing a Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Deleting a Segment .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 6-16
A
dding aSegment ............................6-16
Duplicate P
oints ..............................6-17
Frequency List Save and Recall .......................6-17
Selecting All Segments or aSingle Segment ................6-17
Exit Frequency List ......................
......6-18
Contents-7

Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Distortion Caused by Excessively-FastSweepTime.... .. .. .. .. .. 6-18
Example: Eects of Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Sweep Execution, Hold/Single/Number of Groups/Continual .. .. .. .. .. 6-20
WhyuseNumberofGroups? .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 6-21
Coupled/Uncoupled Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
How to tell if a function is coupled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Setting Stimulus Power. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 6-21
Setting Source Output Power. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6-22
Using Power Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Trigger Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
The Three Triggering Modes .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6-23
External and HP-IB Triggering Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
How these Functions Work when One Parameter is Being Measured . . . . . 6-24
How these Functions Work when Multiple Parameters are Being Measured . 6-25
EXAMPLE1.............................. 6-25
EXAMPLE2.............................. 6-25
EXAMPLE 3: ............................. 6-26
7. Parameter Functions
Chapter Contents ........ .. .. ..................7-1
Basic P
arameters .....
..
..
..
................... 7-2
P
arameter Menu ...............
..
..............7-2
Service P
arameters ................. ...........7-2
P
ower A
ccuracy of Service P
arameter Measurements .........
...7-3
Redening P
arameters ...........................7-3
Descriptions of Each Denition Type ...............
.....7-4
Redene Basic P
arameters .........................7-4
Changing the Display Title ........................
.7-5
8. Format Functions
Introduction ..
..
.......................
..
....8-1
Display F
ormat Keys .......
..
...................8-1
F
ormat Menu Softkeys .....
..
..
..
................8-2
Important Information Regarding P
olar F
ormat .... .. .. .......8-2
Polar in the Angle Domain ........................ 8-2
PolarinFrequencyDomain. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 8-2
Format Examples .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8-3
Cartesian Log Format ........................... 8-3
Polar Log Format .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 8-4
Cartesian Log F
ormat, Two P
arameter Overlay .......
.........8-5
Log Format, Dual Channel Split ......... ............. .8-6
Frequency and Time Domain Data Shown Simultaneously .........
.8-7
9. Response Functions
Chapter Contents .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9-1
Changing Display Scale and Reference ..............
...... 9-2
Setting Scale and Reference V
alues A
utomatically .... .. .. .. .. ..9-2
Changing Display Scale Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Changing the Position of the Reference Line Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Changing the V
alue of the Reference Line Manually .....
........9-2
The Eect of F
actory Preset on Display Settings .....
..........9-2
Response Menu ...............................9-3
Normalizing Data .....................
........9-4
Magnitude Slope and Magnitude Oset ..................
.9-4
Contents-8

PhaseOset. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 9-4
40 dB and 60 dB Pattern .... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9-5
Trace Averaging and Smoothing ...................... 9-5
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Averaging details ........................... 9-5
Notication when averaging is nished .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9-5
Averaging factor recommendations ................... 9-6
Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Delay Features .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 9-7
Electrical Delay ............................. 9-7
Using Electrical Delay .......................... 9-7
DelayOptions .............................. 9-7
Coaxial Delay . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9-7
Waveguide Delay ........................... 9-8
Table Delay ............................... 9-8
Selecting Velocity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Auto Delay .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . 9-8
10. Entry Block Controls
Changing Values Using the Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Other Keys in the Entry Block ..
..
..
..
................10-2
11. Instrument State Block
Chapter Contents .................. ............11-1
LOCAL ................... ................11-2
LOCAL Softkey Menus .................
..........11-2
SA
VE and RECALL .............................11-4
Storing Instrument States to Disc ......................11-4
USER PRESET . ......................... ......11-4
12. Viewing Data
Chapter Contents . ......................... .. ..12-1
Viewing Multiple P
arameters and Channels .....
..
...........12-1
How Many P
arameters does the Receiver Measure? . ..
..
..
......12-1
Selecting the Number of P
arameters or Channels to Display . ....
....12-1
Viewing Data from Disc ........................... 12-2
13. Introduction to Time Domain RCS and Antenna Measurements
Chapter Contents .............................. 13-1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
Using Front P
anel Controls in Time Domain Mode ......
........13-1
Time Domain General Theory ...........
..............13-2
Time Domain Radar Cross Section Measurements .....
..........13-3
Viewing a Time Domain RCS Measurement .. .. .. .. ......... 13-3
Interpreting The Time Domain RCS Response ..........
...... 13-4
RCS Down-Range Resolution ................... .. .. . 13-5
RCS W
aveforms ................
.............. 13-6
User-Dened W
aveforms .. .. .. .. ................. 13-6
Time Domain Digital Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7
RCS Alias-Free Range ........................... 13-8
Aliasing .............
....................13-8
How to Increase Alias-Free Range ....................13-8
How to Distinguish an Aliased Response from aReal Response ....
...13-8
Measurement Errors and Calibration ....................13-9
Time Domain Noise Floor Reduction ...................13-9
Contents-9

Eects of RCS Calibration on Time Domain Responses ........... 13-9
Isolation Error Term (Range Clutter) .................. 13-9
Frequency Response Error Term .................... 13-9
Horizontal Axis: Target Zone Shift .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 13-10
Vertical Axis: Clutter Removal and Reference Level Shift ........ 13-10
Target Shadowing and Target Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11
RCS Measurement Concepts ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13-11
Masking.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 13-11
Reverberations .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 13-11
Range Gating .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13-12
Gating Example .............................. 13-12
Select Gate Shape .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 13-13
Gating During RCS Calibration ....................... 13-15
Setting the Gate for a Gated RCS Calibration .... .. .. .. .. .. .. 13-15
Do Not Use Gating When . . . ...................... 13-15
Using Gating During Subsequent Measurements .............. 13-16
Eects of Gating on Background Calibrations ................ 13-16
Time Domain Antenna Impedance Measurements ............... 13-17
Procedure................................. 13-17
Interpreting the Time Band Pass Reection Response Horizontal Axis.. . . . 13-18
Interpreting the Time Band P
ass Reection Response Vertical Axis. ..
...13-18
Time Domain Antenna Impedance Resolution ...
..
..
.........13-19
Antenna Impedance Alias-Free Range and Aliasing ............
.13-19
Eects of 1-P
ort Calibration on Antenna Impedance Time Domain Responses .13-19
Eects of 1-P
ort Calibration .............
..
.........13-20
Antenna Impedance Time Domain Concepts .................13-20
Masking in Impedance Measurements ................
...13-20
Gating in Impedance Measurements
....................13-20
Time Domain Antenna Transmission Measurements ..............13-21
Time Domain Characterization of Antenna Range Multipath .........13-21
Antenna Impulse Response ..
....................... 13-21
Antenna Transmission Alias-Free Range and Aliasing ............13-22
Eects of Antenna Calibration . ......................13-22
Gating .......... .. .. ...................
. 13-23
Errors Caused by the Gating Process ..... .. .. ..........13-23
14. SAVE and RECALL
Saving and Recalling Instrument States .................... 14-1
Storing Instrument States to Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
USER PRESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
F
ACTORY PRESET ........... .............
.....14-1
F
actory Preset State ........... .............
...14-1
15. Disc Drive Operation
Chapter Contents .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-1
Features ...................... .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-1
Compatible Disc Types
, Disc Storage Capacity .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 15-2
DOS Subdirectories ...................
......... 15-2
Disc Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-2
ASCII and Binary File Types ......................... 15-3
Changing between DOS and LIF Discs ........
.............15-3
Initializing Discs ...............................15-3
Storing Disc Files ..............................15-4
Loading Disc Files ............
..................15-6
Loading aFile ....................
...........15-7
Contents-10

Viewing a Directory of Files ......................... 15-7
Deleting Disc Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-8
Un-deleting Disc Files .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-8
Using an External Disc Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-8
Compatible Disc Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-8
Disc Unit Number and Disc Volume .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 15-8
Connections and Conguration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-8
Initializing a Hard Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-9
Guide to Saving Data .... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 15-10
Sharing a System .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 15-11
SavingEverything.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . 15-11
Viewing or Plotting Old Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-11
CITIle Reference .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-12
Disc Files ................................. 15-13
What is in a CITIle ............................. 15-14
The Header .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-15
CITIle Title Line ............................ 15-15
Device-Specic Information ....................... 15-15
Domain Information (independent variable declaration) .. .. .. .. .. 15-15
Type of Measurement Data (dependent variable declaration) . . . . . . . . 15-15
Stimulus Information ........ .. .. ...............15-15
In Angle Domain .....
..
..
..
.................15-15
In Frequency Domain ...............
..
........15-16
CW Frequency (Angle Domain Only) .............
..
....15-16
Date and Time ...............
..
.............15-16
Data ...................................15-16
Determining the Type of Measurement that Created the Data ........15-16
CITIle Packages ......................... .....15-17
Multiple Data Lists in aSingle P
ackage ...................15-17
CITIle Keyword Reference ......................... 15-18
HP 8530-Specic (
#NA )Denitions ...................... 15-20
Data Grouping . .. ....................... .. ...15-20
HP 8530 Receiver Keywords . ....................... 15-20
Error Array Numbering ........ .. .. ...............15-23
CITIle Examples .......
..
..
...................15-24
A Display Memory File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-24
Data File Examples ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-25
Data File Example 1: Frequency Domain, Step or Ramp Mode ....... 15-25
Data File Example 2: Frequency Domain, Frequency List Mode .. .. .. 15-26
Data File Example 3: Angle Domain ................... 15-27
AThree-Term Cal Set File ......................
...15-28
A\DA
T
A" Measurement Data File with F
our P
arameter Display On ......15-29
16. Copy (Printing and Plotting)
Chapter Contents .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16-1
Compatible Printers and Plotters .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......... 16-1
Installation Considerations ..................... .. .. . 16-2
Supported Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . 16-2
Connecting an HP-IB Printer or Plotter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 16-2
Connecting an RS-232 Printer or Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-2
Selecting the HP-IB (System Bus) or RS-232 P
orts ..............16-2
RS-232 Print/Plot Buers ...........................16-2
A
dding Y
our Own Annotations to the Screen ..................16-3
Using aPrinter ...........................
....16-4
Printing F
eatures ....................
.........16-4
Contents-11