HPE FlexFabric 5940 SERIES User manual
HPE FlexFabric 5940 Switch Series
Fundamentals Configuration Guide
Part number: 5200-1009b
Software version: Release 25xx
Document version: 6W102-20170830
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Contents
Using the CLI ··················································································1
CLI views ·································································································································1
Entering system view from user view ·······················································································2
Returning to the upper-level view from any view·········································································2
Returning to user view··········································································································2
Accessing the CLI online help·······································································································2
Using the undo form of a command ·······························································································3
Entering a command···················································································································3
Editing a command line ········································································································3
Entering a text or string type value for an argument ····································································4
Entering an interface type ·····································································································5
Abbreviating commands ·······································································································5
Configuring and using command aliases ··················································································6
Configuring and using command hotkeys ·················································································7
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands ························································8
Understanding command-line error messages ·················································································8
Using the command history feature································································································9
Command buffering rules ······································································································9
Repeating commands in the command history buffer for a line ···················································· 10
Controlling the CLI output ·········································································································· 10
Pausing between screens of output······················································································· 10
Numbering each output line from a display command································································ 11
Filtering the output from a display command ··········································································· 11
Saving the output from a display command to a file ·································································· 14
Viewing and managing the output from a display command effectively·········································· 15
Saving the running configuration ································································································· 15
Configuring RBAC ··········································································17
Overview································································································································ 17
Permission assignment······································································································· 17
User role assignment ········································································································· 19
FIPS compliance······················································································································ 20
Configuration task list················································································································ 20
Creating a user role·················································································································· 20
Configuring user role rules ········································································································· 21
Configuration restrictions and guidelines ················································································ 21
Configuration procedure ····································································································· 22
Configuring a feature group········································································································ 22
Configuring resource access policies ··························································································· 23
Configuring the user role interface policy ················································································ 23
Configuring the user role VLAN policy···················································································· 23
Configuring the user role VPN instance policy ········································································· 24
Assigning user roles ················································································································· 24
Enabling the default user role feature····················································································· 24
Assigning user roles to remote AAA authentication users··························································· 25
Assigning user roles to local AAA authentication users ······························································ 25
Assigning user roles to non-AAA authentication users on user lines ············································· 25
Configuring temporary user role authorization ················································································ 26
Configuration guidelines ····································································································· 26
Configuring user role authentication ······················································································ 28
Obtaining temporary user role authorization ············································································ 28
Displaying and maintaining RBAC settings ···················································································· 28
RBAC configuration examples ···································································································· 29
RBAC configuration example for local AAA authentication users ················································· 29
RBAC configuration example for RADIUS authentication users ··················································· 31
RBAC temporary user role authorization configuration example (HWTACACS authentication) ··········· 33
RBAC temporary user role authorization configuration example (RADIUS authentication) ················· 38
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Troubleshooting RBAC·············································································································· 41
Local users have more access permissions than intended ························································· 41
Login attempts by RADIUS users always fail ··········································································· 41
Login overview ··············································································42
Using the console port for the first device access ··································44
Configuring CLI login ······································································45
CLI overview··························································································································· 45
User lines ························································································································ 45
Login authentication modes ································································································· 46
User roles ························································································································ 46
FIPS compliance······················································································································ 46
Configuring local console login···································································································· 46
Disabling authentication for console login ··············································································· 47
Configuring password authentication for console login······························································· 48
Configuring scheme authentication for console login ································································· 48
Configuring common AUX line settings ·················································································· 49
Configuring Telnet login············································································································· 51
Configuring the device as a Telnet server ··············································································· 51
Using the device to log in to a Telnet server ············································································ 56
Configuring SSH login··············································································································· 57
Configuring the device as an SSH server················································································ 57
Using the device to log in to an SSH server············································································· 59
Logging in through a pair of modems ··························································································· 59
Displaying and maintaining CLI login···························································································· 61
Enabling HTTP and HTTPS······························································62
Enabling HTTP························································································································ 62
Enabling HTTPS······················································································································ 62
Displaying and maintaining HTTP and HTTPS ··············································································· 63
Accessing the device through SNMP··················································63
Configuring RESTful access ·····························································65
FIPS compliance······················································································································ 65
Configuring RESTful access over HTTP ······················································································· 65
Configuring RESTful access over HTTPS ····················································································· 65
Controlling user access to the device ·················································67
FIPS compliance······················································································································ 67
Controlling Telnet and SSH logins ······························································································· 67
Configuration procedures ···································································································· 67
Configuration example········································································································ 68
Configuration procedure ····································································································· 68
Configuration example········································································································ 70
Configuring command authorization ····························································································· 71
Configuration procedure ····································································································· 71
Configuration example········································································································ 72
Configuring command accounting································································································ 74
Configuration procedure ····································································································· 74
Configuration example········································································································ 75
Configuring FTP·············································································77
FIPS compliance······················································································································ 77
Using the device as an FTP server ······························································································ 77
Configuring basic parameters ······························································································ 77
Configuring authentication and authorization ··········································································· 78
Manually releasing FTP connections ····················································································· 79
Displaying and maintaining the FTP server ············································································· 79
FTP server configuration example························································································· 79
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Using the device as an FTP client································································································ 80
Establishing an FTP connection ··························································································· 80
Managing directories on the FTP server ················································································· 81
Working with files on the FTP server······················································································ 82
Changing to another user account ························································································ 83
Maintaining and troubleshooting the FTP connection ································································ 83
Terminating the FTP connection ··························································································· 84
Displaying command help information···················································································· 84
Displaying and maintaining the FTP client··············································································· 84
FTP client configuration example ·························································································· 84
Configuring TFTP···········································································86
FIPS compliance······················································································································ 86
Configuring the device as an IPv4 TFTP client ··············································································· 86
Configuring the device as an IPv6 TFTP client ··············································································· 87
Managing file systems·····································································88
Overview································································································································ 88
File systems ····················································································································· 88
Directories ······················································································································· 89
Files ······························································································································· 89
Specifying a directory name or file name ················································································ 90
FIPS compliance······················································································································ 90
File system management restrictions and guidelines ······································································· 90
Managing storage media and file systems ····················································································· 91
Partitioning a storage medium······························································································ 91
Mounting or unmounting a file system···················································································· 91
Formatting a file system······································································································ 92
Repairing a file system ······································································································· 92
Managing directories ················································································································ 92
Displaying directory information···························································································· 92
Displaying the working directory ··························································································· 93
Changing the working directory ···························································································· 93
Creating a directory ··········································································································· 93
Renaming a directory ········································································································· 93
Archiving/extracting directories····························································································· 93
Deleting a directory············································································································ 94
Setting the operation mode for directories··············································································· 94
Managing files························································································································· 94
Displaying file information ··································································································· 94
Displaying the contents of a text file ······················································································ 94
Renaming a file················································································································· 95
Copying a file ··················································································································· 95
Moving a file····················································································································· 95
Compressing/decompressing a file························································································ 95
Archiving/extracting files ····································································································· 95
Deleting/restoring a file ······································································································· 95
Deleting files from the recycle bin·························································································· 96
Calculating the file digest ···································································································· 96
Setting the operation mode for files ······················································································· 96
Managing configuration files ·····························································98
Overview································································································································ 98
Configuration types············································································································ 98
Next-startup configuration file redundancy ·············································································· 99
Configuration file formats ···································································································· 99
Startup configuration file selection························································································· 99
Configuration file content organization and format ···································································· 99
FIPS compliance···················································································································· 100
Enabling configuration encryption ······························································································ 100
Comparing configurations for their differences·············································································· 100
Saving the running configuration ······························································································· 101
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Restrictions and guidelines································································································ 101
Using different methods to save the running configuration························································ 101
Configuring configuration rollback······························································································ 102
Configuration task list ······································································································· 103
Setting configuration archive parameters·············································································· 103
Enabling automatic configuration archiving ··········································································· 104
Manually archiving the running configuration ········································································· 104
Rolling back configuration ································································································· 104
Configuring configuration commit delay ······················································································ 105
Specifying a next-startup configuration file··················································································· 106
Backing up the main next-startup configuration file to a TFTP server················································· 106
Restoring the main next-startup configuration file from a TFTP server ··············································· 107
Deleting a next-startup configuration file ····················································································· 107
Displaying and maintaining configuration files ·············································································· 108
Upgrading software ······································································ 109
Overview······························································································································ 109
Software types················································································································ 109
Software file naming conventions························································································ 109
Comware image redundancy and loading procedure······························································· 109
System startup process ···································································································· 110
Upgrade methods ·················································································································· 111
Upgrade restrictions and guidelines ··························································································· 112
Preparing for the upgrade ········································································································ 112
Upgrade task list···················································································································· 112
Preloading the BootWare image to BootWare ·············································································· 112
Specifying startup images and completing the upgrade ·································································· 113
Displaying and maintaining software image settings ······································································ 114
Software upgrade example ······································································································ 114
Network requirements ······································································································ 114
Configuration procedure ··································································································· 114
Performing an ISSU······································································ 116
Overview······························································································································ 116
ISSU methods ················································································································ 116
ISSU commands ············································································································· 117
Preparing for ISSU ················································································································· 117
Verifying the device operating status ··················································································· 117
Preparing the upgrade images ··························································································· 117
Identifying the ISSU method ······························································································ 118
Verifying feature status ····································································································· 118
Determining the upgrade procedure ···················································································· 118
Understanding ISSU guidelines ·························································································· 119
Adjusting and saving the running configuration ······································································ 119
Logging in to the device through the console port ··································································· 119
Performing an ISSU by using issu commands ·············································································· 119
ISSU task list·················································································································· 119
Upgrading a multichassis IRF fabric ···················································································· 120
Upgrading a single-chassis IRF fabric·················································································· 122
Performing an ISSU by using install commands············································································ 123
ISSU task list·················································································································· 123
Decompressing an .ipe file ································································································ 124
Installing or upgrading software images················································································ 124
Uninstalling feature or patch images···················································································· 125
Rolling back the running software images············································································· 126
Aborting a software activate/deactivate operation ··································································· 126
Committing software changes ···························································································· 127
Verifying software images ································································································· 127
Deleting inactive software images ······················································································· 127
Displaying and maintaining ISSU······························································································· 127
Examples of using issu commands for ISSU ················································································ 128
Feature upgrade to a compatible version·············································································· 128
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Feature upgrade to an incompatible version·········································································· 132
Feature rollback example ·································································································· 134
Examples of using install commands for ISSU·············································································· 136
Feature upgrade example ································································································· 136
Feature rollback example ·································································································· 139
Managing the device····································································· 140
Device management task list ···································································································· 140
Configuring the device name ···································································································· 140
Configuring the system time ····································································································· 141
Enabling displaying the copyright statement ················································································ 142
Configuring banners ··············································································································· 142
Banner types ·················································································································· 142
Banner input methods ······································································································ 143
Configuration procedure ··································································································· 144
Setting the system operating mode ···························································································· 144
Setting the hardware resource mode for tables············································································· 145
Rebooting the device ·············································································································· 146
Rebooting devices immediately from the CLI ········································································· 146
Scheduling a device reboot ······························································································· 146
Scheduling a task··················································································································· 147
Configuration guidelines ··································································································· 147
Configuration procedure ··································································································· 147
Schedule configuration example ························································································· 149
Disabling password recovery capability······················································································· 152
Specifying the preferred airflow direction····················································································· 152
Setting the port status detection timer························································································· 153
Monitoring CPU usage ············································································································ 153
Setting memory alarm thresholds ······························································································ 154
Configuring the temperature alarm thresholds ·············································································· 155
Disabling USB interfaces ········································································································· 156
Verifying and diagnosing transceiver modules·············································································· 156
Verifying transceiver modules ···························································································· 156
Diagnosing transceiver modules ························································································· 157
Restoring the factory-default configuration··················································································· 157
Displaying and maintaining device management configuration························································· 157
Using Tcl ···················································································· 159
Using Tcl to configure the device······························································································· 159
Executing Comware commands in Tcl configuration view ······························································· 159
Using Python··············································································· 161
Entering the Python shell········································································································· 161
Executing a Python script ········································································································ 161
Exiting the Python shell ··········································································································· 161
Python usage example············································································································ 161
Comware 7 extended Python API ···················································· 163
Importing and using the Comware 7 extended Python API ······························································ 163
Comware 7 extended Python API functions ················································································· 163
CLI class ······················································································································· 163
Transfer class················································································································· 165
API get_self_slot ············································································································· 166
API get_standby_slot ······································································································· 166
API get_slot_range ·········································································································· 167
API get_slot_info ············································································································· 167
Configuring preprovisioning ···························································· 169
Enabling preprovisioning ········································································································· 169
Displaying and maintaining preprovisioned settings······································································· 170
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Using automatic configuration ························································· 171
Overview······························································································································ 171
Using server-based automatic configuration ················································································ 171
Server-based automatic configuration task list ······································································· 171
Configuring the file server ································································································· 172
Preparing the files for automatic configuration ······································································· 172
Configuring the DHCP server····························································································· 173
Configuring the DNS server ······························································································· 175
Configuring the gateway ··································································································· 175
Preparing the interface used for automatic configuration ·························································· 175
Starting and completing automatic configuration ···································································· 175
Server-based automatic configuration examples··········································································· 176
Automatic configuration using TFTP server··········································································· 176
Automatic configuration using HTTP server and Tcl script ························································ 180
Automatic configuration using HTTP server and Python script··················································· 181
Automatic IRF setup ········································································································ 183
Document conventions and icons ···················································· 186
Conventions ························································································································· 186
Network topology icons ··········································································································· 187
Support and other resources ·························································· 188
Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support ············································································ 188
Accessing updates ················································································································· 188
Websites ······················································································································· 189
Customer self repair········································································································· 189
Remote support ·············································································································· 189
Documentation feedback ·································································································· 189
Index ························································································· 191
1
Using the CLI
At the command-line interface (CLI), you can enter text commands to configure, manage, and
monitor the device. The following text is displayed when you access the CLI:
******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2010-2017 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP *
* Without the owner's prior written consent, *
* no decompiling or reverse-engineering shall be allowed. *
******************************************************************************
<Sysname>
You can use different methods to log in to the CLI, including through the console port, Telnet, and
SSH. For more information about login methods, see "Login overview."
CLI views
Commands are grouped in different views by feature. To use a command, you must enter its view.
CLI views are hierarchically organized, as shown in Figure 1. Each view has a unique prompt, from
which you can identify where you are and what you can do. For example, the prompt
[Sysname-vlan100] shows that you are in VLAN 100 view and can configure attributes for that VLAN.
Figure 1 CLI views
You are placed in user view immediately after you log in to the CLI. The user view prompt is
<Device-name>, where Device-name indicates the device name. The device name is Sysname by
default. You can change it by using the sysname command.
In user view, you can perform the following tasks:
•Perform basic operations including display, debug, file management, FTP, Telnet, clock setting,
and reboot.
•Enter system view. The system view prompt is [Device-name].
In system view, you can perform the following tasks:
•Configure settings that affect the device as a whole, such as the daylight saving time, banners,
and hotkeys.
•Enter different feature views.
For example, you can perform the following tasks:
VLAN view
Interface
view
System
view
User view
User line
view
Local user
view
2
{Enter interface view to configure interface parameters.
{Enter VLAN view to add ports to the VLAN.
{Enter user line view to configure login user attributes.
A feature view might have child views. For example, NQA operation view has the child view HTTP
operation view.
To display all commands available in a view, enter a question mark (?) at the view prompt.
Entering system view from user view
Task Command
Enter system view. system-view
Returning to the upper-level view from any view
Task Command
Return to the upper-level view from any view. quit
Executing the quit command in user view terminates your connection to the device.
In public key view, use the peer-public-key end command to return to system view.
Returning to user view
To return directly to user view from any other view, use the return command or press Ctrl+Z.
Task Command
Return directly to user view. return
Accessing the CLI online help
The CLI online help is context sensitive. Enter a question mark at any prompt or in any position of a
command to display all available options.
To access the CLI online help, use one of the following methods:
•Enter a question mark at a view prompt to display the first keyword of every command available
in the view. For example:
<Sysname> ?
User view commands:
archive Archive configuration
arp Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) module
backup Backup operation
...
•Enter a space and a question mark after a command keyword to display all available keywords
and arguments.
{If the question mark is in the place of a keyword, the CLI displays all possible keywords,
each with a brief description. For example:
<Sysname> terminal ?
3
debugging Enable to display debugging logs on the current terminal
logging Display logs on the current terminal
monitor Enable to display logs on the current terminal
{If the question mark is in the place of an argument, the CLI displays the description for the
argument. For example:
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface ?
<1-4094> Vlan-interface interface number
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1 ?
<cr>
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1
<1-4094> is the value range for the argument. <cr> indicates that the command is complete
and you can press Enter to execute the command.
•Enter an incomplete keyword string followed by a question mark to display all keywords starting
with that string. The CLI also displays the descriptions for the keywords. For example:
<Sysname> f?
fdisk Partition a storage medium
fixdisk Check and repair a storage medium
format Format a storage medium
free Release a line
ftp Open an FTP connection
<Sysname> display ftp?
ftp FTP module
ftp-server FTP server information
ftp-user FTP user information
Using the undo form of a command
Most configuration commands have an undo form for the following tasks:
•Canceling a configuration.
•Restoring the default.
•Disabling a feature.
For example, the info-center enable command enables the information center. The undo
info-center enable command disables the information center.
Entering a command
When you enter a command, you can perform the following tasks:
•Use keys or hotkeys to edit the command line.
•Use abbreviated keywords or keyword aliases.
Editing a command line
To edit a command line, use the keys listed in Table 1 or the hotkeys listed in Table 4. When you are
finished, you can press Enter to execute the command.
4
Table 1 Command line editing keys
Keys Function
Common keys
If the edit buffer is not full, pressing a common key inserts a character at the
cursor and moves the cursor to the right. The edit buffer can store up to 511
characters. Unless the buffer is full, all common characters that you enter
before pressing Enter are saved in the edit buffer.
Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor back
one character.
Left arrow key (←) Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Right arrow key (→) Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Up arrow key (↑) Displays the previous command in the command history buffer.
Down arrow key (↓) Displays the next command in the command history buffer.
Tab
If you press Tab after typing part of a keyword, the system automatically
completes the keyword.
•If a unique match is found, the system displays the complete keyword.
•If there is more than one match, press Tab multiple times to pick the
keyword you want to enter.
•If there is no match, the system does not modify what you entered but
displays it again in the next line.
The total length of a command line cannot exceed 512 characters, including spaces and special
characters.
The device supports the following special commands:
•#–Used by the system in a configuration file as separators for adjacent sections.
•version–Used by the system in a configuration file to indicate the software version information.
For example, version 7.1. xxx , Release xxx .
These commands are special because of the following reasons:
•These commands are not intended for you to use at the CLI.
•You can enter these commands in any view, or enter any values for them. For example, you can
enter # abc or version abc. However, the settings do not take effect.
•The device does not provide any online help information for these commands.
Entering a text or string type value for an argument
A text type argument value can contain printable characters except a question mark (?).
A string type argument value can contain any printable characters except for the following
characters:
•Question mark (?).
•Quotation mark (").
•Backward slash (\).
•Space.
A specific argument might have more requirements. For more information, see the relevant
command reference.
To enter a printable character, you can enter the character or its ASCII code in the range of 32 to 126.
5
Entering an interface type
You can enter an interface type in one of the following formats:
•Full spelling of the interface type.
•An abbreviation that uniquely identifies the interface type.
•Acronym of the interface type.
For a command line, all interface types are case insensitive. Table 2 shows the full spellings and
acronyms of interface types.
For example, to use the interface command to enter the view of interface Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1,
you can enter the command line in the following formats:
•interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1
•interface ten 1/0/1
•interface xge 1/0/1
Spaces between the interface types and interfaces are not required.
Table 2 Full spellings and acronyms of interface types
Full spelling Acronym
Bridge-Aggregation BAGG
FortyGigE FGE
GigabitEthernet GE
HundredGigE HGE
InLoopBack InLoop
LoopBack Loop
M-GigabitEthernet MGE
Multicast Tunnel MTunnel
NULL NULL
Register-Tunnel REG
Route-Aggregation RAGG
Ten-GigabitEthernet XGE
Tunnel Tun
Vsi-interface Vsi
Vlan-interface Vlan-int
Abbreviating commands
You can enter a command line quickly by entering incomplete keywords that uniquely identify the
complete command. In user view, for example, commands starting with an sinclude startup
saved-configuration and system-view. To enter the command system-view, you only need to
type sy. To enter the command startup saved-configuration, type st s.
You can also press Tab to complete an incomplete keyword.
6
Configuring and using command aliases
You can configure one or more aliases for a command or the starting keywords of commands. Then,
you can use the aliases to execute the command or commands. If the command or commands have
undo forms, you can also use the aliases to execute the undo command or commands.
For example, if you configure the alias shiprt for display ip routing-table, you can enter shiprt to
execute the display ip routing-table command. If you configure the alias ship for display ip, you
can use ship to execute all commands starting with display ip:
•Enter ship routing-table to execute the display ip routing-table command.
•Enter ship interface to execute the display ip interface command.
Usage guidelines
After you successfully execute a command by using an alias, the system saves the command,
instead of the alias, to the running configuration.
The command string represented by an alias can include a maximum of nine parameters. Each
parameter starts with the dollar sign ($) and a sequence number in the range of 1 to 9. For example,
you can configure the alias shinc for the display $1 | include $2 command. Then, you can enter
shinc hotkey CTRL_C to execute the display hotkey | include CTRL_C command.
To use an alias for a command that has parameters, you must specify a value for each parameter. If
you fail to do so, the system informs you that the command is incomplete and displays the command
string represented by the alias.
The device has a set of system-defined command aliases, as listed in Table 3. System-defined
command aliases cannot be deleted.
Table 3 System-defined command aliases
Command alias Command or command keyword
access-list acl
end return
erase delete
exit quit
hostname sysname
logging info-center
no undo
show display
write save
Configuration procedure
To configure a command alias:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure a command alias. alias alias command By default, the device has a set of
command aliases, as listed in Table
3.
3. (Optional.) Display command
aliases. display alias [alias ]This command is available in any
view.
7
Configuring and using command hotkeys
The system defines the hotkeys shown in Table 4 and provides a set of configurable command
hotkeys. Pressing a command hotkey is the same as entering a command.
If a hotkey is also defined by the terminal software you are using to interact with the device, the
terminal software definition takes effect.
To configure a command hotkey:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Assign a command to a
configurable command
hotkey.
hotkey { ctrl_g | ctrl_l | ctrl_o |
ctrl_t | ctrl_u } command
The following are the defaults:
•Ctrl+G is assigned the
display
current-configuration
command.
•Ctrl+L is assigned the
display ip routing-table
command.
•Ctrl+O is assigned the undo
debugging all command.
•No command is assigned to
Ctrl+T or Ctrl+U.
3. (Optional.) Display hotkeys. display hotkey This command is available in any
view.
Table 4 System-reserved hotkeys
Hotkey Function
Ctrl+A Moves the cursor to the beginning of a line.
Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Ctrl+C Stops the current command.
Ctrl+D Deletes the character at the cursor.
Ctrl+E Moves the cursor to the end of a line.
Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Ctrl+H Deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+K Aborts the connection request.
Ctrl+N Displays the next command in the history buffer.
Ctrl+P Displays the previous command in the history buffer.
Ctrl+R Redisplays the current line.
Ctrl+V Pastes text from the clipboard.
Ctrl+W Deletes the word to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+X Deletes all characters to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+Y Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the line.
Ctrl+Z Returns to user view.
Ctrl+] Terminates the current connection.
8
Hotkey Function
Esc+B Moves the cursor back one word.
Esc+D Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.
Esc+F Moves the cursor forward one word.
Esc+N Moves the cursor down one line. You can use this hotkey before pressing Enter.
Esc+P Moves the cursor up one line. You can use this hotkey before pressing Enter.
Esc+< Moves the cursor to the beginning of the clipboard.
Esc+> Moves the cursor to the end of the clipboard.
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands
Your input might be interrupted by system information output. If redisplaying
entered-but-not-submitted commands is enabled, the system redisplays your input after finishing the
output. You can then continue entering the command line.
To enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable redisplaying
entered-but-not-sub
mitted commands. info-center synchronous
By default, the system does not redisplay
entered-but-not-submitted commands.
For more information about this command, see
Network Management and Monitoring
Command Reference.
Understanding command-line error messages
After you press Enter to submit a command, the command line interpreter examines the command
syntax.
•If the command passes syntax check, the CLI executes the command.
•If the command fails syntax check, the CLI displays an error message.
Table 5 Common command-line error messages
Error message Cause
% Unrecognized command found at '^' position. The keyword in the marked position is invalid.
% Incomplete command found at '^' position. One or more required keywords or arguments are
missing.
% Ambiguous command found at '^' position. The entered character sequence matches more than
one command.
% Too many parameters. The entered character sequence contains excessive
keywords or arguments.
% Wrong parameter found at '^' position. The argument in the marked position is invalid.
9
Using the command history feature
The system automatically saves commands successfully executed by a login user to the following
two command history buffers:
•Command history buffer for the user line.
•Command history buffer for all user lines.
Table 6 Comparison between the two types of command history buffers
Item Command history buffer for a user
line Command history buffer for all
user lines
What kind of
commands are saved
in the buffer?
Commands successfully executed by the
current user of the user line.
Commands successfully executed
by all login users.
Cleared when the
user logs out? Yes. No.
How to view buffered
commands?
Use the display history-command
command.
Use the display history-command
all command.
How to recall a
buffered command?
•(Method 1.) Navigate to the command
in the buffer and press Enter.
•(Method 2.) Use the repeat command.
For more information, see "Repeating
commands in the command history
buffer for a line."
You cannot recall buffered
commands.
How to set the buffer
size?
Use the history-command max-size
size-value command in user line view to set
the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to 10
commands.
You cannot set the buffer size.
The buffer can store up to 1024
commands.
How to disable the
buffer?
Setting the buffer size to 0 disables the
buffer. You cannot disable the buffer.
Command buffering rules
The system follows these rules when buffering commands:
•If you use incomplete keywords when entering a command, the system buffers the command in
the exact form that you used.
•If you use an alias when entering a command, the system transforms the alias to the
represented command or command keywords before buffering the command.
•If you enter a command in the same format multiple times in succession, the system buffers the
command only once. If you enter a command in different formats multiple times, the system
buffers each command format. For example, display cu and display current-configuration
are buffered as two entries but successive repetitions of display cu create only one entry.
•To buffer a new command when a buffer is full, the system deletes the oldest command entry in
the buffer.
10
Repeating commands in the command history buffer for a
line
You can recall and execute commands in the command history buffer for the current user line
multiple times.
To repeat commands in the command history buffer for the current user line:
Task Command Remarks
Repeat commands in the
command history buffer
for the current CLI
session.
repeat [number ] [ count
times ] [ delay seconds ]
This command is available in any view. However,
to repeat a command, you must first enter the
view for the command. To repeat multiple
commands, you must first enter the view for the
first command.
This command executes commands in the order
they were executed.
The system waits for your interaction when it
repeats an interactive command.
Controlling the CLI output
This section describes the CLI output control features that help you identify the desired output.
Pausing between screens of output
By default, the system automatically pauses after displaying a maximum of 24 lines if the output is
too long to fit on one screen. You can change the limit by using the screen-length screen-length
command. For more information about this command, see Fundamentals Command Reference.
At a pause, the system displays ----more----. You can use the keys described in "Output controlling
keys" to display more information or stop the display.
You can also disable pausing between screens of output for the current session. Then, all output is
displayed at one time and the screen is refreshed continuously until the final screen is displayed.
Output controlling keys
Keys Function
Space Displays the next screen.
Enter Displays the next line.
Ctrl+C Stops the display and cancels the command execution.
<PageUp> Displays the previous page.
<PageDown> Displays the next page.
Disabling pausing between screens of output
To disable pausing between screens of output, execute the following command in user view:
11
Task Command Remarks
Disable pausing
between screens of
output for the current
CLI session.
screen-length
disable
By default, a CLI session uses the screen-length
screen-length command settings in user line view.
This command is a one-time command and takes effect
only for the current CLI session.
Numbering each output line from a display command
You can use the | by-linenum option to prefix each display command output line with a number for
easy identification.
Each line number is displayed as a 5-character string and might be followed by a colon (:) or hyphen
(-). If you specify both | by-linenum and | begin regular-expression for a display command, a
hyphen is displayed for all lines that do not match the regular expression.
To number each output line from a display command:
Task Command
Number each output line from a display command. display command |by-linenum
For example:
# Display information about VLAN 999, numbering each output line.
<Sysname> display vlan 999 | by-linenum
1: VLAN ID: 999
2: VLAN type: Static
3: Route interface: Not configured
4: Description: VLAN 0999
5: Name: VLAN 0999
6: Tagged ports: None
7: Untagged ports: None
8:
Filtering the output from a display command
You can use the | { begin | exclude | include } regular-expression option to filter the display
command output.
•begin—Displays the first line matching the specified regular expression and all subsequent
lines.
•exclude—Displays all lines not matching the specified regular expression.
•include—Displays all lines matching the specified regular expression.
•regular-expression—A case-sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters, which can contain the
special characters described in Table 7.
The required filtering time increases with the complexity of the regular expression. To abort the
filtering process, press Ctrl+C.
Table 7 Special characters supported in a regular expression
Characters Meaning Examples
^ Matches the beginning of a line. "^u" matches all lines beginning with "u". A line
beginning with "Au" is not matched.
12
Characters Meaning Examples
$ Matches the end of a line. "u$" matches all lines ending with "u". A line
ending with "uA" is not matched.
. (period) Matches any single character. ".s" matches "as" and "bs".
* Matches the preceding character or
string zero, one, or multiple times.
"zo*" matches "z" and "zoo", and "(zo)*" matches
"zo" and "zozo".
+ Matches the preceding character or
string one or multiple times. "zo+" matches "zo" and "zoo", but not "z".
| Matches the preceding or succeeding
string. "def|int" matches a line containing "def" or "int".
( )
Matches the string in the
parentheses, usually used together
with the plus sign (+) or asterisk sign
(*).
"(123A)" matches "123A".
"408(12)+" matches "40812" and "408121212",
but not "408".
\N
Matches the preceding strings in
parentheses, with the Nth string
repeated once.
"(string)\1" matches a string containing
"stringstring".
"(string1)(string2)\2" matches a string containing
"string1string2string2".
"(string1)(string2)\1\2" matches a string
containing " string1string2string1string2".
[ ] Matches a single character in the
brackets.
"[16A]" matches a string containing 1, 6, or A;
"[1-36A]" matches a string containing 1, 2, 3, 6, or
A (- is a hyphen).
To match the character "]", put it immediately after
"[", for example, []abc]. There is no such limit on
"[".
[^] Matches a single character that is not
in the brackets.
"[^16A]" matches a string that contains one or
more characters except for 1, 6, or A, such as
"abc". A match can also contain 1, 6, or A (such
as "m16"), but it cannot contain these three
characters only (such as 1, 16, or 16A).
{n}
Matches the preceding character n
times. The number nmust be a
nonnegative integer.
"o{2}" matches "food", but not "Bob".
{n,}
Matches the preceding character n
times or more. The number nmust be
a nonnegative integer.
"o{2,}" matches "foooood", but not "Bob".
{n,m}
Matches the preceding character nto
mtimes or more. The numbers nand
mmust be nonnegative integers and
ncannot be greater than m.
" o{1,3}" matches "fod", "food", and "foooood", but
not "fd".
\<
Matches a string that starts with the
pattern following \<. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters preceding the pattern
are not digits, letters, or underscores.
"\<do" matches "domain" and "doa".
\>
Matches a string that ends with the
pattern preceding \>. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters following the pattern
are not digits, letters, or underscores.
"do\>" matches "undo" and "cdo".
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