Huawei AR500 Owner's manual

Huawei AR500 Industrial Switch Routers
V200R002C08
Feature Description - AMI
Issue 01
Date 2013-5-10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
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About This Document
Intended Audience
This document describes the AMI protocols supported by the AR500.
This document is intended for:
lNetwork planning engineers
lCommissioning engineers
lData configuration engineers
lSystem maintenance engineers
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
DANGER
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which
if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance degradation, or unexpected results.
TIP
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save
time.
NOTE
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points of the main text.
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
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Convention Description
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
{ x | y | ... }*Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]*Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
&<1-n> The parameter before the & sign can be repeated 1 to n times.
# A line starting with the # sign is comments.
Change History
Changes between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document version
contains all updates made to previous versions.
Changes in Issue 01 (2013-05-10)
Initial commercial release.
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Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii
1 Feature Description - AMI...........................................................................................................1
1.1 AMI....................................................................................................................................................................2
1.1.1 Introduction to AMI...................................................................................................................................2
1.1.2 AMI Functions...........................................................................................................................................3
1.1.3 References.................................................................................................................................................4
1.1.4 Availability................................................................................................................................................5
1.1.5 Principles...................................................................................................................................................5
1.1.6 Applications.............................................................................................................................................13
1.1.7 Terms and Abbreviations.........................................................................................................................15
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1 Feature Description - AMI
About This Chapter
This document describes the concepts, principles, and applications of Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI).
1.1 AMI
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1.1 AMI
1.1.1 Introduction to AMI
Definition
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a network that measures, collects, and stores
electricity information. It is an application of the Internet of Things in the electricity industry.
Figure 1-1 AMI networking
Communication
network
MDM
Front end
processor
RouterA
Three-phase
meter
Single-phase
meter
…...
Ethernet
As shown in Figure 1-1, AMI consists of smart meters, smart terminals, communication
network, front end processors, and meter data management (MDM):
lSmart meter
Is an electrical meter that records electricity consumption every hour or less and
communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing.
lSmart terminal
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Collects and stores data from kilowatt-hour meters, and transmits meter data and electrical
abnormalities to the front end processor. AR500s, RouterA in Figure 1-1, are smart
terminals.
lcommunication network
Is a network that connects smart terminals and front end processors through Ethernet,
connects smart terminals and electrical meters through RS485.
lFront end processor
Collects meter data, maintains communication channels, collects and delivers commands,
and reports the device status.
lMDM
Manages, maintains, and analyzes meter data, and provides web and basic service
applications.
Purpose
The traditional meter reading system uses manual meter reading, which consumes manpower
and may cause economic loss because of incorrect meter data collected.
AMI solves the problems in the traditional meter reading system by implementing automatic
meter reading, pre-payment, anti-theft, line loss analysis, and energy management. AMI reduces
power grid O&M costs, improves grid management efficiency, and saves energy.
Benefits
AMI establishes two-way communication between electricity systems and users. This promotes
interaction between the electricity systems and users, enlivens the market, and enables electricity
companies to provide better services for users.
1.1.2 AMI Functions
AMI consists of smart meters, smart terminals, communication network, front end processors,
and MDM. The AR500 is a smart terminal that allows communication between electricity
systems and users.
The AR500 can function as a data concentrator to collect data from smart meters and provide
data services for front end processors. In addition, the AR500 can be used as a router in the
electricity industry.
The AR500 provides the following functions:
lData collection
Collects real-time data, historical data, event data, and status data. The data collection
process complies with IEC62056 (DLMS/COSEM).
lData storage
Provides cyclic storage for minor and major events and historical data including the load
curve, hour frozen data, daily frozen data, and monthly frozen data.
lData communication
Provides real-time data, historical data, event data, clock synchronization, and data
forwarding. The data communication process complies with IEC62056 (DLMS/COSEM).
lNetworking
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Provides various uplink, local, and downstream networking modes. The AR500 connects
to upstream front end processors through FE/SFP lines, connects to other AR500s through
FE, and connects to downstream smart meters through RS485 lines.
lOperation, maintenance, and management
Provides configuration management, terminal maintenance, broadcast timing, and user
management.
1.1.3 References
The following table lists the references for AMI.
Document Description Remarks
IEC 62056-46 Electricity metering - Data
exchange for meter reading,
tariff and load control - Part
46: Data link layer using
HDLC protocol
-
IEC 62056-47 Electricity metering - Data
exchange for meter reading,
tariff and load control - Part
47: COSEM transport layers
for IPv4 networks
-
IEC 62056-53 Electricity metering - Data
exchange for meter reading,
tariff and load control - Part
53: COSEM application
layer
-
IEC 62056-61 Electricity metering - Data
exchange for meter reading,
tariff and load control - Part
61: Object identification
system (OBIS)
-
IEC 62056-62 Electricity metering - Data
exchange for meter reading,
tariff and load control - Part
62: Interface classes
-
DL/T645-2007 Multi-function watt-hour
meter communication
protocol
-
PRIME PoweRline Intelligent
Metering Evolution standard
-
UPA DHS Universal Powerline
Association Digital Home
standard
-
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Document Description Remarks
OPERA Open PLC European
Research Alliance
Broadband over Powerline
standard
-
1.1.4 Availability
Involved Network Elements
RS485 meters and front end processors are required.
License Support
The AMI service can be used without a license.
Version Support
Product Supported Version
AR500 V200R002C08
1.1.5 Principles
Data Collection
Meter Data Collection
The AR500 collects meter data using real-time meter reading, timed meter reading, and
supplementary meter reading. Meter data includes real-time data, historical data, and event data.
Historical data includes load curve data, hour frozen data, daily frozen data, and monthly frozen
data.
The three meter data collection modes are described as follows:
lReal-time meter reading
Figure 1-2 Real-time meter reading process
Step1
Step2
Step3
Step4
Front end
processor Router Meter
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Figure 1-2 shows the real-time meter reading process.
–Step1: A front end processor delivers a real-time meter reading instruction to the AR500
(Router in Figure 1-2).
–Step2: The AR500 receives the instruction from the front end processor, generates a
communication packet in compliance with a meter protocol based on the instruction,
and sends the packet to the meter.
–Step3: The meter returns the meter reading result to the AR500 within the specified
time.
–Step4: The AR500 sends the result to the front end processor, and the front end processor
receives meter data.
NOTE
If the AR500 does not receive the meter reading result from the meter within the specified time, it
determines whether to re-read the meter based on the meter re-reading count. If the meter need to be
re-read, the AR500 delivers a meter re-reading instruction. Regardless of the meter reading result, the
AR500 encapsulates the real-time reading result into a communication packet and sends the packet to
the front end processor.
Purposes of real-time meter reading are:
–Determine connectivity of data collection channels.
The AR500 determines whether a data collection channel works properly based on status
of meters along the collection channel. If data cannot be collected on one meter but
other meters are working properly, the fault lies on the meter but not the data collection
channel.
–Verify data.
If some of historical meter data is found incorrect, data collected through real-time meter
reading can help verify the historical data.
lTimed meter reading
Figure 1-3 shows the timed meter reading process.
Figure 1-3 Timed meter reading process
Step1
Step2
Router Meter
The timed meter reading process is as follows:
–Step1: The AR500 (Router in Figure 1-3) obtains the configuration of a scheduled task,
generates a timed meter reading task, and reads frozen data stored in meters. Timed
meter reading is triggered by a timer in the AR500.
–Step2: The meters return results to the AR500.
Table 1-1 lists types of data collected by the scheduled task.
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Table 1-1 Types of data collected by the scheduled task
Type Description
Daily frozen data Daily frozen record that an AR500
periodically collects from meters
Monthly frozen data Monthly frozen record that an AR500
periodically collects from meters
Hour frozen data Hour frozen record that an AR500
periodically collects from meters
Curve frozen data Frozen record that an AR500 collects from
meters within an hour
Meter event Record of a specified event such as meter
box opening
lSupplementary meter reading
The AR500 reads meter data that is not read by timed meter reading tasks, when the
collection channel is idle. The AR500 can cyclically read data from each meter where data
fails to be collected each day. The data includes curve frozen data, hour frozen data, daily
frozen data, monthly frozen data, and data that fails to be collected in the event collection
task.
Status Collection
The AR500 collects status changes that occur when the meter box, terminal cover, or meter cover
is opened. Meter box opening is used as an example to describe how the AR500 collects, stores,
analyzes, and processes status data.
The AR500 is installed in a meter box and provides real-time monitoring for the meter box. This
function prevents meter data from being modified.
1. When the meter box is opened or closed, an open or close signal is generated.
2. The AR500 monitors open or close signals in real time, and stores status change
information.
3. The AR500 reports the meter box status to the front end processor, and the front end
processor reports the meter box status to the MDM for exception analysis. The front end
processor can also periodically query meter status change information. The meter status
change information helps you determine whether the meter box is opened normally or
maliciously.
NOTE
The following conditions must be met:
1. The di command has been executed to configure the digital input (DI) channel and attribute flag
of the status data that an AR500 needs to collect.
2. The event command has been executed to configure status change events as major events.
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Data Storage
Data Storage
The AR500 stores collected meter data. The stored data includes frozen data and event data. The
frozen data includes the load curve data, hour frozen data, daily frozen data, and monthly frozen
data.
lStorage mechanism
The AR500 uses a cyclic storage mechanism. After the storage space is full, subsequent
data overwrites the earliest data.
lStorage capacity design
The AR500 supports a maximum of 1124 meters, including 100 three-phase meters and
one district check meter.
NOTE
A district refers to the power supply range of a transformer. A district check meter records power
consumption and power grid operating in a district.
The AR500 stores event data and frozen data:
–Event data
Event data is classified into minor event and major event data. The AR500 allows a
maximum of 256 minor or major events.
NOTE
A minor event has slight effect on users. A major event has more severe effect on users. The event
level can be configured.
–Frozen data
The AR500 can store a maximum of 100 MB frozen data. Frozen data includes load
curve data in recent 90 days, hour frozen data (24-clock-sharp electric energy data of
10 VIP users in recent 10 days), zero-hour frozen data in recent 62 days, and monthly
zero-hour frozen data in 24 months.
communication Modes
Communication Protocols
The AR500 can communicate with a front end processor in various modes. After the AR500
starts, it sends a socket connection request to the front end processor. After the connection is set
up, the AR500 can communicate with the front end processor using the IEC62056 protocol suite.
Figure 1-4 shows the architecture of the IEC62056 protocol suite.
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Figure 1-4 Architecture of the IEC62056 protocol suite
TCP/IP
IEC62056-47 -Wrapper Sublayer
IEC62056-53-COSEM Application Layer
IEC62056-62-Interface classes
3G/GPRS, FE, and SFP
IEC62056-61-OBject Identification
System (OBIS)
IEC62056 protocol suite
Communication mode
An AR500 can communicate with a front end processor through 3G/GPRS or FE/SFP. The
AR500 uses the IEC62056 protocol suite to communicate with a front end processor over the
TCP/IP layer.
lIEC62056-61 defines the OBject Identification System (OBIS). OBIS provides a unique
identifier for all data within a metering device, including the measurement values and
abstract values used for configuring the metering device or obtaining information about the
behavior of the metering device.
lIEC62056-62 classifies data items in the OBIS defined in IEC62056-61 and uses object
modeling to construct interface classes for meter communication. It also defines metering
device functions, data display, and data exchange modes.
lIEC62056-53 (COSEM application layer) defines data communication services for
accessing methods and attributes of COSEM interface objects. The COSEM application
layer converts information into byte strings, which are then transmitted between application
layers by a lower-layer communication protocol. This communication mode isolates object
models from lower-layer communication protocols. For communication media of various
types, the program selects the matching lower-layer communication protocol, without
affecting the COSEM application layer and object modeling.
lIEC62056-47 defines the wrapper sub-layer, which is a lightweight, nearly stateless entity.
The wrapper sub-layer adapts to the OSI-style service set, provided by the COSEM
transport layer, to UDP or TCP function calls.
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Communication Data
The AR500 can respond to communication requests sent by a front end processor and initiate
communication requests to a front end processor.
The AR500 can respond to the following types of communication requests sent by a front end
processor:
lDevice data query
The device data includes the AR500 status data, and historical meter data and event data
stored in the AR500. When data to be queried does not exist, the AR500 returns invalid
data to the front end processor.
lReal-time meter reading
After receiving a real-time meter reading instruction from the front end processor, the
AR500 sends the instruction to a specified meter and sends the result obtained from the
meter to the front end processor.
lEvent reporting
The AR500 continuously detects events generated on itself and connected meters, and
determines whether events are major events. If major events are generated, the AR500
reports the events to the front end processor. After receiving the major events, the front end
processor sends an acknowledgement packet to the AR500.
lData forwarding
After receiving a data forwarding instruction from the front end processor, the AR500 sends
the content to be forwarded to a specified meter and sends the result obtained from the
meter to the front end processor.
Electricity Networking
RS485
RS485 uses differential signaling negative logic. The positive level +2 V to +6 V indicates logic
0 and the negative level -6 V to -2 V indicates logic 1. RS485 interfaces work in two-wire half-
duplex mode. RS485 uses the master/slave model, in which one master device connects to
multiple slave devices. In most cases, an RS485 link is established by simply connecting A and
B connectors of two interfaces through a twisted pair. An RS485 network uses a bus topology
and does not support ring or star topology.
The AR500 has two RS485 interfaces. One RS485 interface connects to an RS485 meter, and
the other RS485 interface is the backup. The RS485 channels comply with IEC62056 and DL/
T645-2007.
FE/SFP
The AR500 provides five LAN-side FE interfaces for local communication.
The AR500 provides one WAN-side FE interface to communicate with front end processors.
The AR500 provides two WAN-side SFP interfaces (two GE interfaces) to communicate with
front end processors.
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Operation, Maintenance, and Management
Configuration Management
lSetting and querying configuration parameters
The AR500 provides commands to set and query configuration parameters.
lRestoring factory settings
CAUTION
User-defined configurations will be lost when you restore factory settings.
The AR500 has factory settings before delivery. You can use a command to restore factory
settings.
lBacking up or restoring engineering configuration
After engineering installation is complete, engineers can use commands to back up the
current configuration as the engineering configuration. If required, engineers can use
commands to restore the engineering configuration.
lBacking up and restoring the configuration
–Backing up the configuration
After startup, the system backs up the current configuration that is detected valid.
–Restoring the configuration
If the AR500 detects the current configuration invalid due to exceptions after startup,
it loads the configuration backed up last time and saves the invalid configuration in
an .ERR file.
Broadcast Timing
The AR500 broadcasts the time to synchronize the time to connected meters. The AR500
provides two broadcast timing modes:
lAssociated mode
Figure 1-5 shows the associated mode.
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Figure 1-5 Associated mode
Step1
Step2
Front end
processor Router Meter
Step3
Step4
The associated broadcast timing process is as follows:
–Step1: The front end processor delivers a timing instruction to the AR500 (Router in
Figure 1-5). The AR500 responds to the timing instruction and adjusts its time.
–Step2: The AR500 determines whether to broadcast the time to connected meters
according to the associated broadcast timing configuration.
–Step3: After broadcast timing is triggered, the AR500 delivers a broadcast timing packet
to all meter channels.
–Step4: After meters receive the broadcast timing packet, they adjust their time according
to the time in the packet. The AR500 does not confirm whether the meter time is
synchronized because the broadcast timing packet does not need to be acknowledged.
lAutomatic mode
Figure 1-6 shows the automatic mode.
Figure 1-6 Automatic mode
Step1
Router Meter
Step2
Step3
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The automatic broadcast timing process is as follows:
–Step1: The AR500 (Router in Figure 1-6) determines whether to broadcast the time to
connected meters according to the automatic broadcast timing configuration.
–Step2: After broadcast timing is triggered, the AR500 delivers a broadcast timing packet
to all meter channels.
–Step3: After meters receive the broadcast timing packet, they adjust their time according
to the time in the packet. The AR500 does not confirm whether the meter time is
synchronized because the broadcast timing packet does not need to be acknowledged.
Terminal Maintenance
lAutomatic maintenance
The AR500 provides self-check and self-recovery functions and monitors hardware and
software running status in real time. If the hardware or software running status is abnormal,
the AR500 attempts to recover. If the AR500 fails to recover, the alarm indicator is on,
indicating that the system is not working properly.
lManual maintenance
–You can use commands to configure the AR500, query the AR500 configuration, and
trigger real-time meter reading and self-check.
–You can use a USB flash drive to locally upgrade the AR500, and import and export
the AR500 configuration.
lUser management
The AR500 defines three types of users, which are listed in ascending order of priority:
–Monitoring-level user
Uses only query commands.
–Configuration-level user
Uses configuration and operation commands.
–Management-level user
Manages other users.
1.1.6 Applications
AR500 as a Data Concentrator
As shown in Figure 1-7, RouterA can connect to single-phase and three-phase meters. They can
collect data from meters to implement automatic meter reading, and send collected meter data
to front end processors through FE/SFP (Ethernet cables in Figure 1-7) to implement smart grid.
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Figure 1-7 AR500 networking
Three-phase
meter
Single-
phase meter
RouterA
Communication
newtork
MDM
Front end
processor
…...
Ethernet
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1.1.7 Terms and Abbreviations
Terms
Terms Description
OFDM A type of Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM).
In this multiplexing mode, a channel is
divided into multiple orthogonal
subchannels. High-speed data signals are
converted into parallel low-speed subdata
streams and are modulated for transmission
on the subchannels. Orthogonal signals can
be separated at the receiver, reducing the
interference between subchannels. The signal
bandwidth on each subchannel is smaller than
the related bandwidth of the channel;
therefore, each subchannel can be regarded as
flat fading, canceling the interference
between characters. In addition, the
bandwidth of each subchannel is only a small
part of the original channel bandwidth, and
therefore channel balancing becomes easier.
Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Name
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
MDM Meter Data Management
OBIS OBject Identification System
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
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