
Water Chemistry (Continued)
Disinfecting:
Whenfillingthespaforthefirsttime,followthepurge/
sanitizing instructions in the Equipment Set-Up proce-
dure of the Installation Instructions.
Add a disinfectant to the water on a regular basis to
help control the amount of bacteria, algae and organic
materials.Suchbacterialcontaminants,ifnotcontrolled,
could cause skin rashes or other physical problems. To
disinfect the spa for normal use, first establish the
amountofchlorineorbrominetoaddanddeterminehow
often you need to add it.
Werecommendthatyoumaintainafreechlorinelevel
of 2.0 - 5.0 ppm at all times except when you must
exceedthatduringtheinitial purge/sanitizingprocedure
or during superchlorination (see “Water Quality Defini-
tions” below). Superchlorinate your spa every two
weekswith heavy use. If using sodium dichlor, add one
heaping tablespoon for each 150 gallons of spa water.
Scrub the spa surfaces with this solution to remove any
oilydeposits. This willensurethat any bacteriaor algae
which are resistant to the normal disinfectant level are
killed. Afteraddingthe disinfectant,runthefiltersystem
andallowthefreechlorineleveltoreturntothe2.0to5.0
ppm range before using the spa again. Do not install a
rigid cover during this procedure until the disinfec-
tant level is back to normal. High concentrations of
chlorine or bromine will damage spa fitting finishes
if the cover is in place.
Balancing pH:
Forgoodhygiene and equipment longevity, maintain
the pH of your spa water according to the instructions
provided. pH is the measure to determine if the spa
CalciumHypochlorite: Agranularchlorineproductthat
isinexpensiveandeffectivebutnotrecommendedbecause
it often tends to form calcium deposits on heater parts and
plumbingfittings and leaves an unattractive film onthe spa
at the water line.
Sodium Hypochlorite: A liquid chlorine product that is
inexpensive and effective but not recommended because
the liquid is readily spilled onto the spa or a surrounding
area, causing permanent damage.
Total Alkalinity: The measure of amount of alkaline
materials (such as carbonates, bicarbonates and hydrox-
ides) in the water. High alkalinity inhibits the effectiveness
of chemicals to change the pH. If the alkalinity of your spa
water is high (above 150 ppm), it is advisable to drain the
water from the spa and begin the balancing process over
again. Low total alkalinity (below 60 ppm) could be corro-
sive and damage your spa system.
Superchlorination: (also referred to as “shock treatment)
The addition of an above-normal level of disinfectant to kill
any bacteria or algae that might have become resistant to
normal levels of disinfectant.
pH: A chemical term used in expressing relative acidity or
alkalinity in numeric values with 7.0 usually regarded as
neutral, and for purposes of this manual, indicating pure
water. From 7 to 0 indicates increasing acidity, and 7 to 14
indicates alkalinity.
PPM: Parts per million.
FreeChlorine: Chlorinethathasnotcombinedwithother
chemicalsandthatisavailabletodestroybacteriainthespa
water.
TriChlor: A form of chlorine used in pool or spa water
treatment; usually supplied in tablet form. Not recom-
mended because of its higher acidic nature and slow
dissolvingaction. Prolongedcontactwiththespashellmay
bleach or permanently mark the shell.
Sodium DiChlor: The type of chlorine that is recom-
mended for spa use, as it is available in fast dissolving
granular form. It is neither excessively acid nor alkaline in
character and does not readily dissipate in higher water
temperatures.
WATER QUALITY DEFINITIONS
water is too acid (low pH) or too alkaline or basic (high
pH). The ideal range for spa water is 7.2 to 7.6 pH. For
excessiveacidity(below7.2pH)addsodaashorsodium
bicarbonate to the spa water. For excessive alkalinity
(above 7.6 pH) add dry acid to the spa water.
Caution: Refer to the spa chemical manufacturer’s
instructionsfortheinitialmountofchemicalstoadd
for the gallonage of your spa. Low pH can cause
equipment damage, as acid water will dissolve met-
als,whilehighpHcancausescaleorcalciumdepos-
its to build up in the system or on the shell. After
addingchemicals,runthefiltersystemforatleast30
minutes before testing water quality again for accu-
rate readings.
Balancing Total Alkalinity:
Totalalkalinityisthemeasureofbasematerialsinthe
water. The recommended range for total alkalinity is
between 80 ppm and 150 ppm. If the chemistry of the
water is not within this range, you will have difficulty
adjusting your pH level, which will affect your adjust-
ments for the proper amount of free available chlorine.
If the alkalinity of your spa water is high, it is advisable
to drain the water from the spa and begin the balancing
process over again. Purge and sanitize your spa
(according to instructions in Equipment Set-Up section
of the Installation Instructions) and clean the spa sur-
faces thoroughly before refilling with fresh water. Then
re-establish water chemistry. If the spa is used heavily,
change the water at least every month.
12
MAINTENANCE