JNGE Power JN-MPPT User manual

JN-MPPT Solar Charge Controller User Manual
Ⅰ. Product Characteristics
1. Product overview
Thank you for choosing JN-MPPT buck type solar sontroller.
This series of products are based on polyphase synchronous rectifier technology and sharing-one-
cathode design. Adopting the advanced dual core processor architecture and MPPT control algorithm,
it has features such as high response speed, high reliability and high standard of industrialization etc.
With the MPPT control algorithm, can quickly track the maximum power point of pv array and get
real-time access to the biggest energy of solar panels in any environment. With polyphase
synchronous rectifier technology, JN-MPPT series are guaranteed to keep a high conversion
efficiency in any charging power environment. Compared with most of the BUCK products, JN-
MPPT series raise the utilization ratio of the solar system largely. Besides, with standard RS485
communication interface, can easily realize multiple devices in parallel, to the greatest extent, to
meet the demand of different monitoring function. It can be widely used in communication station,
household system, street lamp system and field monitoring system etc.
With comprehensive electronic fault self-test function and powerful electronic protection function,
can avoid system components damage in the greatest degree due to installation errors.
2. Product features
• Advanced MPPT maximum power point tracking technology, and tracing efficiency not less than
99.5%. Compared to common PWM algorithm, it achieves 15% -20% more efficiency.
• Using high quality imported components and advanced power conversion circuit, the maximum
conversion efficiency can reach more than 98%; full-load efficiency can reach 97%.
• Aluminum metal for structure, can be used in all kinds of harsh conditions.
• R&D with the latest technology, can realize the multiple devices in parallel through the RS485
communication interface.
• With Polyphase synchronous rectifier technology, can achieve high conversion efficiency even in
low power charging environment.
• Combination of various tracking algorithm, can track the maximum power point quickly.
• Dual wave and multiple wave tracking technology, when the panels are in partial shade or when a
single panel is damaged, can still track the maximum power point accurately.

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• Four sections of charging ways: MPPT charge- equalizing charge- improving charge- floating
charge.
• 12/24/48V automatic identification function.
• Support for data storage, storage time can be up to 10 years.
• With current-limiting charging mode, when the input power of the photovoltaic panels is too large,
the charging current exceeds the rated current of the controller. The controller will limit the charging
current to the rated current charge.
• With internal temperature detection function, when the controller temperature rises to 75 degrees,
the controller will limit the charging current to half of the rated current. When the temperature
reaches 90 degrees, the controller will shut down of charging and output to control the temperature.
• Through the RS485 communication interface, controller can be connected to the upper machine.
You can set up monitoring and control parameters etc from the upper machine.
• The battery temperature compensation function.
• With a wide range of operating voltage of pv array maximum power point.
• With over charge, over discharge, over temperature, over load and reverse connection protection
functions.
Ⅱ. Product Properties
1. MPPT charging technology
MPPT technology (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT for short) is the technology which can
adjust the working state of the electrical module to assure photovoltaic panels output more electricity
Power. Direct current (dc) from the solar panels can be able to stored in the battery effectively,
which can solve the lack of life and industrial electricity in the remote areas or tourist areas where
regular Power grid can’t cover. The output power of photovoltaic battery is associated with the
working voltage of the MPPT controller. Only when the controller works in the most appropriate
voltages, will photovoltaic battery output reach the only maximum.
12v system, for example, under the 25 ℃temperature, the peak voltage (Vpp) of solar panels is
about 17v. When the weather gets very hot, Vpp turns to 15v and when the weather gets cold, Vpp
turns to 18v. Since battery voltage keeps at about 12v, charging by common charge controller, the
solar panel voltage is 12v which can not reach the maximum power. However, MPPT controller can
overcome this problem by constantly adjusting the input voltage and current of the panels.
Compared to traditional PWM controller, the MPPT controller can assure the maximum power of
solar panels, can provide higher charging current to the battery. Generally, MPPT can improve the

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utilization rate of the energy by 15% ~ 20% (due to the influence of the environment and all kinds of
energy losses, concrete numerical value is likely to change).
Picture 1 MPPT maximum power point tracking curve
Due to different light conditions and temperature, the power of photovoltaic panels will have
corresponding change. MPPT will monitor the working state of the solar panels and adjust the
parameters constantly to keep the system working in the maximum power point.
A. As light is reduced, current decreases B. As temperature increases, the open circuit
voltage decreases
Picture 2 Solar panels changes with light and temperature curve
2. Charging status explaination
As one charging phase, MPPT charge cannot be used alone but need combining with improving
charge, floating charge and equalizing charge methods. When the controller starts to work, it will
estimates battery voltage. If the battery voltage is higher than “ascension back charge voltage”, the

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controller judges that the battery is full and goes straight to the floating charge. If the battery voltage
is lower than the “ascension back charge voltage”, the charging process should be MPPT,
(equalizing charge), improving charge and floating charge. And a improving charge happens during
every charge. Charging curve as follows:
Picture 3 Charging curve
A. MPPT charge
The stage for rapid charging.
The controller will be MPPT charging to provide the biggest solar power to the battery till the
battery charging voltage is up to “ascension back charge voltage”. When the battery voltage reaches
improving charge voltage, controller turns to improving charge.
B. Improving charge
When the battery voltage reaches improving charging voltage, the controller will be converted to
constant voltage charging mode. In this process, the controller will not be MPPT charging and the
charging current will decline gradually over time. Under the condition of improving charge time up
to the set time (1, 2, 3 hours), the controller will convert into floating charge. And when the battery
voltage is less than “ascension back charge voltage”, the controller will be improving charge again.
C. Floating charge
Controller will be improving charge again. When improving charge is finished, the controller will
reduce the charging current in order to reduce the battery voltage and keep it matched with the
floating charge voltage. During Floating charge stage, there is very weak battery charging, which can

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ensure the battery to maintain in full-energy state. In this stage, load can get nearly all of the solar
power. But if the load exceeds the electricity that solar energy system can provide, the controller will
not be able to keep the battery voltage matched with the floating charge voltage. When the battery
voltage reduces to “improving back charge voltage”, the controller system will exit the floating
charge stage and back to the quick charge stage (MPPT charge).
D. Equalizing charge
Benefit from Equalizing charge, some types of battery can stir electrolyte to balance the battery
voltage and complete the chemical reaction. By Equalizing charge, the battery voltage can be
increased to higher than the standard voltage, which can make the electrolyte gasified. Once there is
a battery discharge, the controller will conduct a balanced charge.
Warning:
1. Equalization charge can increase the battery voltage to the level that may damage sensitive dc load.
Need to verify whether the permission input voltage of the load system is greater than the battery
Equalizing charge voltage or not.
2. Over-charge and too much gas evolution may damage the battery plate, and lead to the falling of
active material on the battery plate. Too high or too long Equalizing charge may cause damage to the
battery. Please check the specific requirements of the battery used in the system carefully.
3. Introduction of Display Function
A. Surface Introduction

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Picture4 Surface layout diagram
B. Led Light function
There are 3 LED lamps in sequence on the display panel, respectively fault alarm lamp (red), the
charging indicator lamp (yellow) and the load indicator lamp (green). Function definition shows in
the table below.
NO.
LED Lamp
Condition
Definition
Notes
1
fault alarm
lamp (red)
off
Work smoothly
2
Constantly on
Alarm events
3
indicator
lamp
(yellow)
off
Non-charge
4
Constantly on
MPPT charge
5
flashing
slowly
Floating charge
6
flashing
quickly
Improving charge

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C. Display Content
Segment code screen display mode
7
Dual flashing
Equalizing charge
8
load
indicator
lamp
(green)
Constantly on
Output smoothly
9
off
light controll and time
control normally closed
10
flashing
slowly
Battery over discharge,
load off
Alarm at
the same
time
11
flashing
quickly
Battery over charge,
load off
Alarm at
the same
time

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Picture 5 Display layout diagram
When the system is powered on, the controller enters into standby mode, the battery icon and the
load icon light up, and related data occur in certain area (corresponding to the monitoring fields,
battery voltage is displayed as default setting when open). When load works, load icon lights up, at
the same time, the arrow between the battery and the load starts running. When load is shut off, load
radiance and arrow vanish. When Photovoltaic panels are connected, the sun and photovoltaic icon
light up, and the arrow between the battery and the sun/ photovoltaic panels starts running at the
same time. If not charging, the sun/ photovoltaic panels icon vanish and the moon icon lights up.
When press the corresponding button, the corresponding field lights up on the screen. And you can
set the related parameters. Each field definition shows in the table below.
Field name
Definition
Function
V battery
The battery
voltage
Field lights up, the present battery voltagehe shows in
the display area
V PV
Photovoltaic
panels
voltage
Field lights up, the Photovoltaic panels voltage shows
in the display area
I charge
Charging
current
Field lights up, the present battery charging current
shows in the display area
I load
Discharging
current
Field lights up, the present battery discharging current
shows in the display area
Under
Over
discharge
Field lights up, battery discharge voltage can be set.
when the battery is under voltage, the field flashes.
Under-R
Over
Field lights up, battery over discharge recovery voltage

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D. Button function
discharge
recover
can be set.
OVD
Over charge
Field lights up, battery over charge voltage can be set.
when the battery is over charge, the field flashes.
OVD-R
Over charge
recover
Field lights up, battery over charge recovery voltage
can be set.
Float
Floating
charge
Field lights up, battery floating charge voltage can be
set. The field flashes during floating charge.
BCV
Booster
charge
Field lights up, battery booster charge voltage can be
set. The field flashes during booster charge (improving
charge).
ECV
Equalizing
charge
Field lights up, battery equalizing charge voltage can be
set. The field flashes during equalizing charge.
Time
Time1 set
Field lights up, Time control 1 can be set (the first light
working- time). When set as 0, the controller is for
household use.
Time1
Time2 set
Field lights up, choosing street light mode, the time
control 2 can be set. (light off- time)
Time2
Time3 set
Field lights up, choosing street light mode, the time
control 3 can be set. (the second light working-time)
L-con-V
Light control
voltage set
Field lights up, when 1 occurs at the first place of the
display area, light control OPEN voltage (when lights
on) can be set. When finished, 2 occurs at the first place
of the display area, light control CLOSE voltage (when
lights off) can be set.
MPPT
MPPT charge
The field flashes during MPPT charge.
Error
error
When alarms, field lights up

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There are four buttons on the controller. Buttons definition are, respectively, set (SET), down
(DOWN), up (UP), exit (ESC). Functions are as follows:
In standby mode, when press the DOWN button, the data of battery voltage (V battery),
photovoltaic panels voltage (V PV), the charging current (I charge) and discharging current (I Load)
will switch at the corresponding time in the display area;
In standby mode, set the system parameter by the SET button. The order for system parameter is
under voltage (Under), low voltage recovery (Under- R), over voltage (OVD), over voltage recovery
(OVD- R), floating charge (FLOAT), improving charge (BCV), equalizing charge (ECV), the first
Time control (Time), the second Time control (Time1), the thrid Time control (Time2) and light
control voltage (L- CON- V). After pressing SET button, according to the parameters order,
parameter will increase by 0.1 when pressing the UP button (decrease by 0.1 when pressing the
DOWN button). When finish setting a certain parameter, please press the SET button again to save
data. When press ESC button in any parameter Setting interface, the controller will return to the
standby interface.
Warning: When set the light control voltage, the light control OPEN voltage must be
greater than the light control CLOSE voltage. otherwise the light control cannot work
normally.
For some parameters which may affect the system security, you can set them by combined buttons.
In standby mode, when press SET and DOWN buttons for 3 seconds at the same time, the system
will restore to factory Settings. When press SET and UP buttons for 3 seconds at the same time, Id
will show at the top two of the display area. Then press UP or DOWN buttons to set the system Id
(address).
E. Light control and Time control
There are two kinds of working modes for the controller- street light mode and household use mode.
Light control and time control can be set under the street light mode.
Press SET button continuously till the TIME icon lights up. You can set the working mode and the
length of the first Time control. When the data sets to 0, the controller is in household use mode.
When the data is not 0, the controller is in street lamp mode. And the data is the length of the first
Time control (that is, the first light working-time). Press SET button again to save the data and the
current setting data shows in the display area.

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Press SET button again, Time1 icon lights up. You can set the length of the second Time control
(that is, the light closing-time) by the UP and DOWN buttons. Press SET button again to save the
data.
Press SET button again, Time2 icon lights up. You can adjust the length of the third Time control
( that is, the second light working-time) by the UP and DOWN buttons.
F. Alarm Events
When abnormal conditions are detected, there will be alarm. Alarm events show as below:
Events
Alarm
Alarm Reset
Battery under
voltage
Under icon flashes, error icon
lights up, buzzer rings
intermittently, load is shut off
Press the ESC button to close
the buzzer. When the battery
voltage is higher than under
voltage recovery value, the
controller will resume normal
work.
Battery over
voltage
OVD icon flashes, error icon
lights up, buzzer rings
intermittently, load is shut off
Press the ESC button to close
the buzzer. When the battery
voltage is lower than over
voltage recovery value, the
controller will resume normal
work.
Controller over
temperature
ERROR icon lights up, buzzer
rings intermittently, When the
temperature reaches 75 ℃
charging current is limited to half
of the rated current, When the
temperature reaches 90 ℃
charging and load are shut off
Press the ESC button to close
the buzze. When the
temperature is lower than
75 ℃, the controller will
resume normal work.
Battery over
temperature
Same as above
Same as above
Over load
ERROR icon lights up, buzzer
Press the ESC button to close

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4. Protection
Controller is equipped with battery reverse connection protection, photovoltaic panels reverse
connection protection, controller over temperature protection, battery over temperature protection,
over current protection, and photovoltaic panels over voltage protection etc..
Ⅲ. Installation instructions
1. Usage Instructions
A. The controller can automatically identify battery voltage with power. Please connect the battery
first and ensure a firm connection.
B. The device address (ID) of the factory default is 6. Please set the device address (ID) before
setting in the host computer.
C. MPPT controller is designed according to the battery VI curve. If the controller is connected to a
common constant voltage DC power supply, the controller may not work properly.
D. Controller will heat during operation. It is suggested that controller should be installed in the
ventilation environment.
E. According to the environmental temperature, controller will conduct battery charging voltage
compensation. Please install the battery and controller in the same environment.
F. Choose enough capacity cable for connection to avoid of excessive loss in the circuit which may
led to the controller wrong judgements. Generally advice to calculate the current carrying capacity
by 5 amperes per square millimeter.
G. It is very important for the battery to be filled (be filled once a month at least, otherwise the
battery will suffer permanent damage). And only when battery charging energy is more than load
energy, can the battery be filled. Please keep this in mind.
H. Please keep the controller away from corrosive liquid and gas which might damage the controller
and produce harmful gas.
I. When connecting to the system, the panels voltage could be larger than the safety voltage for
rings intermittently, load is shut
off
the buzze. When Press the
ESC button for 3 seconds, the
load will resume normal work.

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human body. During operation, please use insulating tools and make sure that your hands are dry.
J. There are a lot of energy in storage battery. In any case please avoid of the battery short circuit. It
is suggested that the fuse or breaker should be series connected to the battery.
K. The battery may produce combustible gas. Please stay away from sparks.
L. The battery and the controller should be out of the childrens’ reach.
M. Please comply with the safety recommendations by the battery manufacturer.
2. Network building Instructions
A. Controller can work by single operation as well by parallel operation. Please set up each
controller’s device address before the network. Do not appear repeated ID.
B. The communication cables (RS485) between the controller should be connected hand in hand, and
the last communication cable should be connected to the converter then to the PC.
C. Connect the battery cable properly. Distinguish the positive and negative poles to avoid short
circuit.
D. Connect the photovoltaic panel to the PV side of the controller. The input of each PV panel must
be separated.
E. Open the host computer, then configure the port and equipment (see “software manual” for
details). Click “link device”. Then you can monitor the work status of each controller by the host
computer.
F. Software interface of the host computer
Picture 6 Software interface of the host computer
3. Installation instructions

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A. Installation notes
• Before installation, please read the installation section to be familiar with the installation steps.
• In the vicinity of the battery avoid placing metal objects in case of battery short circuit.
• During charging battery may produce acid gas, please ensure good ventilation environment.
• Only the lead-acid battery which is in the controller range can be charged.
• Outdoor installation should avoid direct sunlight and rain infiltration.
• When installed in the cabinet, there should be enough space for heat dissipation. Because the
controller will generate high heat during operation. Don’t put the controller and the opening lead-
acid battery in the same cabinet. Because the opening lead-acid battery will generate acid gas during
operation which may corrode the controller.
• The virtual joint and corrossive wire may cause a great amount of heat. It can melt the insulation
layer of the wire, burn the surrounding material, or even cause a fire. Thus please ensure that all the
connections are tight. Preferably wires are fixed with ties to avoid connection loose while moving the
device.
• When using in parallel operation, ensure that each controller has an independent photovoltaic
connection.
B. Connection Method
Picture 7 Drawing of complete controller

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Picture 8 Diagram of controller terminal
• Remove two terminal-cover screws on the side of the controller and then remove the cover (show
as the picture 7)
• Connect the battery positive and negative electrode cable, load cable and photovoltaic board cable
in turn (show as the picture 8).
• Connect the communication cable to 2pin lotus terminal. One end is inserted into the RS485
terminal on the controller, the other end is connected to the converter for RS485. Then connect
RS485 converter to the PC. And if the controller is in parallel operation, please connect RS485
communication cables hand in hand to the controller first.
• Remote temperature probe is inserted into the TEMP terminal of the controller.
• Connect the relevant cables and ensure a firm connection. Put back the terminal-cover and tighten
the screws.
• Fix the controller.
• Turn on the air break switch in the battery side and then in the photovoltaic panels side. Open the
controlle. The LED lights on the display flash several times and then the controller begin to work.
Warning：
• In order to install safely, we recommend such a connection order. However, installation not in
accordance with this sequence will not damage the controller.

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• All the wires should not be twisted together. The power line should be equipped with the related
wiring terminals. Communication line should be far away from the power line in order to prevent
interference of communication signal transmission.
• When the device needs to be moved, please make sure that all the connections are tight. The virtual
connection may lead to heat accumulation or even a serious fire.
• Avoid the battery positive and negative electrode short circuit which may cause explosion.
• Never connect the battery terminalof the controller to PV terminal. Otherwise it will burn out the
controller.
• The metal part of the connection terminal is forbidden to touch by hand, so as to avoid electric
shock.
• Do not connect the positive and negative poles wrong. The controller will not work due to reverse
connection protection function.
• The controller power supply is from the battery, so the controller must be connected to the battery
not directly to photovoltaic system.
• Installation place should be well-ventilated and dry.
C. Wiring diagram
Picture 9 Wiring diagram of controller in single operation

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Notes: the number of controllers can be 1~n (n≦99)
Picture 10 Wiring diagram of controllers in parallel operation
Ⅳ. Product parameters
1. System parameters table
Notes: The following parameters are based on the 12V,
n represents the integer multiple of the 12V (2, 4)
Parameters
Name
The parameter values (and adjustable range)
Default
values
Current
30A
40A
50A
60A
System Voltage
12V、24V、48V
Photovoltaic max
input voltage
100V (12V system Voltage)
150V（suggest lower than 145V）(24Vsystem Voltage)
150V（suggest lower than 145V）(48Vsystem Voltage)
Rated working
current
30A
40A
50A
60A
Photovoltaic max
input power
400W/12V
800W/24V
1600W/48V
500W/12V
100W/24V
1500W/48V
600W/12V
1200W/24V
2400W/48V
800W/12V
1600W/24V
3200W/48V
MPPT efficiency
﹥99.5%

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Conversion
efficiency
﹥96%
Over voltage
(over charge)
16～17V，×nV
16V,×nV
Over voltage
recovery
15～15.5V, ×nV
15V,×nV
Charging limit
voltage
15.5～16V, ×nV
15.5V,×nV
Equalizing charge
voltage
15～15.5V, ×nV
15.2V,×nV
Boost charge
voltage
14～15V, ×nV
14.4V,×nV
Boost charge
recovery
12.3～13.5V，×nV
13.2V,×nV
Floating charge
voltage
13.2～14.0，×nV
13.8V,×nV
Over discharge
voltage
9.8～11.8V，×nV
10.8V,×nV
Over discharge
recovery
12.0～13.0V，×nV
12.6V,×nV
Equalizing charge
time
1/2/3 hour
1H
Boost charge time
1/2/3 hour
1H
Device address
1～99
6
Light control
OPEN voltage
1～5V
5
Light control
CLOSE voltage
5～11V
6
Light control
time delay
10 min
Temperature
compensation
0～4
4

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2. System conversion efficiency curve
A. 12V System conversion efficiency (Battery voltage is 12V)
Picture 11 12V System conversion efficiency curve
B. 24V System conversion efficiency (Battery voltage is 24V)
Over temperature
protection
When the temperature reaches 75 ℃charging current is
limited to half of the rated current, When the temperature
reaches 90 ℃charging and load are shut off
Working
temperature
-20℃～50℃
Storage
temperature
-40℃～80℃
Humidity
10% ～90% Non-condensate
Weight
Size
280*225*114mm

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Picture 12 24V System conversion efficiency curve
C. 48V System conversion efficiency (Battery voltage is 48V)
Picture 13 48V System conversion efficiency curve
Ⅴ. Installation dimensions