KWS Electronic VAROS 109 User manual
Contents
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Contents
CONTENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
CHAPTER 1 NOTES ON SAFETY AND USE, MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE-------------------- 4
1.1Safety notes------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.2Usage Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.3Maintenance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.4Cleaning------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
1.5Calibration --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.6Service ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
CHAPTER 2 SPECIFICATIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
CHAPTER 3 CONTROL AND CONNECTION ELEMENTS, PIN CONFIGURATIONS------------- 9
3.1Front Panel with Top and Bottom Section ----------------------------------------------------------- 9
3.2Rear panel------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
3.3USB-A socket--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
3.4DVI output ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
3.512V power supply---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
CHAPTER 4 STARTUP------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.1Mains operation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
4.2Battery operation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.2.1Replacing the battery ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.2.2Battery management------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
4.3Operation using an external power supply -------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.4Ventilation control---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.5Switching on ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
4.6Setting screen brightness and volume ------------------------------------------------------------- 13
CHAPTER 5 MENU STRUCTURE----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
CHAPTER 6 MEASURING RANGE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1Frequency input ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
6.1.1IF input ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1.2RF input ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1.2.1Ku band ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1.2.2C band------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
6.2DVB-S mode ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.1Symbol rate input ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.2Scan--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.3DVB-S parameters -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.4BER measurement (bit error rate measurement) ------------------------------------------------ 17
6.2.5MER measurement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.3DVB-S2 mode -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.3.2Scan--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.3.3DVB-S2 parameters------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6.3.4BER measurement (bit error rate measurement) ------------------------------------------------ 18
6.3.5MER measurement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6.3.6Packet error measurement ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6.4Level measurement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.4.1MAX Hold function--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.4.2Acoustic level trend indicator ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.5LNB supply ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
6.5.114/18 V – 22 kHz control------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.5.2DiSEqC----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.5.2.1DiSEqC V1.0 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
6.5.2.2DiSEqC V1.1 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
Contents
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6.5.2.3DiSEqC V1.2 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21
6.5.2.4DiSEqC V2.0 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22
6.5.3UNICABLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22
6.5.3.1Activation and Configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
6.5.3.2Operation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
6.5.4JESS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
6.5.4.1Activation and Configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
6.5.4.2Operation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
6.5.5Programming antenna wall outlets ------------------------------------------------------------------ 27
6.5.6LNB current measurement ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
CHAPTER 7 ANALYZER----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
7.1Accessing the analyzer--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
7.2Frequency segment (SPAN) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
7.3Cursor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
7.4Level measurement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
7.5Progress bar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
7.6Switching to measuring receiver mode------------------------------------------------------------- 30
7.6.1Switching to measuring receiver mode with SCAN --------------------------------------------- 30
7.6.2Transponder SCAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
7.7Activating the remote supply -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
CHAPTER 8 SCAN SUPPORT FOR FINDING SATELLITES ------------------------------------------ 32
8.1SAT SCAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32
8.2SAT list ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
8.3Transponder list ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 33
8.4Favourites list --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
8.5Importing a SAT list ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
CHAPTER 9 MPEG DECODER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
9.1Program Service Information (PSI)------------------------------------------------------------------ 35
9.2Network Information Table (NIT)--------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
9.3Picture and sound control ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
9.4Display of MPEG video parameters----------------------------------------------------------------- 37
9.5Video bit rate measurement--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
9.6Dynamic program switching--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
CHAPTER 10 MEMORY MANAGEMENT--------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
10.1Saving ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 38
10.2Recalling --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
10.3Memory functions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
10.3.1Erasing the memory------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
10.3.2Erasing a memory location ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
10.3.3Sorting the memory ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
10.3.4Memory protection--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
10.3.5Disable memory protection---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
10.3.6Memory export ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
10.3.7Memory import ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
CHAPTER 11 USB-A INTERFACE------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41
CHAPTER 12 COMMON INTERFACE ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
12.1Inserting a CA module---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
12.1.1Install before version Vxx.02-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
12.1.2Install after version V01.02 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
12.2Operation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
12.3Card menu------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
CHAPTER 13 OPTICAL RECEIVER (OPTIONAL)---------------------------------------------------------- 44
13.1 Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 44
13.2 Activating the optical input----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
13.3 Setting the wavelength --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
13.4 Measuring the optical power -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
13.5 Measuring the optical modulation index (OMI) --------------------------------------------------- 46
13.6 Remote supply ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
Contents
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13.7Cleaning the fibre optic plug connection ----------------------------------------------------------- 46
13.8 USB Microskope ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
13.7.1Operation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
13.7.2Logging----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
CHAPTER 14 CONSTELLATION DIAGRAM (OPTION) -------------------------------------------------- 50
14.1Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50
14.2Operation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
CHAPTER 15 MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTRUMENT --------------------------------------------------- 52
15.1Language of the user guidance ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
15.2Software version ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
15.3Software update------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52
15.4Serial number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
15.5Default setting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
15.6Clock -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
15.7Modulation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
15.8Botton tone (beeper) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 53
15.9Hardcopy--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
15.9.1Transfer of the internally stored images to a USB stick ---------------------------------------- 53
15.10Activating software options ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
CHAPTER 16 DVI OUTPUT--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
CHAPTER 17 DATA LOGGER----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
17.1Automatic recording of measurement sets -------------------------------------------------------- 56
17.2Transferring and evaluating the measurements on a PC-------------------------------------- 57
17.3Deleting measurement sets from the device------------------------------------------------------ 57
INDEX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
Chapter 1 - Notes on Safety and Use, Maintenance and Service
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Chapter 1
Notes on Safety and Use, Maintenance and Service
1.1 Safety notes
This instrument is built and tested according to EN 61010-1 (protective measures for electronic
measuring instruments) with attached power cable.
Important! This instrument may only be powered with the power cable originally delivered from
the factory.
The instrument is in perfect working order upon leaving the factory. To ensure safe and proper
operation, and to keep the instrument in a safe condition, the user must observe all the notes and
warnings contained in this instruction manual.
The instrument has protection class IP20 in accordance with EN 60529.
Discharges across the plug connector can damage the instrument. Protect the instrument from
electrostatic discharge when handling and operating it.
The maximum external voltage that van be applied to the measuring receiver’s RF input is 24 V. A
higher voltage may destroy the input circuits.
Do not cover the ventilation slots on the instrument. Covering the slots can result in reduced air
circulation in the instrument, which can cause heat build-up and overheating of the electronic
components.
Passage from the battery regulations (BattV)
This device contains a battery which incorporates hazardous substances. It must
not be disposed of I domestic waste. At the end of its working life it should be
disposed of only through the ESC customer service department or at a designated
collection point.
1.2 Usage Notes
The guarantee for a new instrument ends 12 months after delivery.
The guarantee is invalidated if the instrument is opened.
Sharp tools (e.g. a screwdriver) can damage the plastic glass in front of the TFT display, thus
destroying the TFT.
The contrast of the TFT display deteriorates at ambient temperatures below 5°C.
The TFT display does not reach maximum brightness for a few seconds after the instrument is cold-
started.
The instrument reaches full measurement accuracy after about 5 minutes of operation.
The use of wireless DECT phones and GSM phones close to the instrument can cause disturbances
and faulty measurements.
1.3 Maintenance
The instrument is maintenance-free.
Chapter 1 - Notes on Safety and Use, Maintenance and Service
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1.4 Cleaning
The case and the TFT display should be cleaned with a soft, lint-free dust cloth. Never use solvents
such as diluents for cellulose lacquers, acetone or similar since they may damage plastic parts or the
coating on the front panel.
Any dust should be removed from the ventilation slots regularly so that the air circulation provided by
the built-in ventilator is not obstructed.
1.5 Calibration
The instrument should be recalibrated at least every two years. It is automatically calibrated at the
factory in case of upgrading, repairs or servicing.
1.6 Service
Service address: see back cover of operating manual.
Chapter 2 - Specifications
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Chapter 2
Specifications
Subject to technical change!
FREQUENCY RANGE
SAT 910 - 2150 MHz
resolution 1 MHz
Transponder frequency or 1st IF entry
OPERATING MODES DVB-S, DVB-S2
Analyzer in all ranges
OPERATION
Input via keypad
Monitor 5.7" Color-TFT, VGA resolution
User Prompting via OSD (On Screen Display)
in German, English, French and Italian
Built-in speaker for audio reproduction
RF-INPUT F socket / 75 Ohm (IEC 60169-24)
(accessories, exchangeable)
Return loss > 8 dB (910 - 2150 MHz)
INPUT ATTENUATOR 0 – 30 dB in 4 dB-increments
LEVEL MEASUREMENT
Measuring range 30 – 100 dBµV
Information range 30 – 110 dBµV
Resolution 0.5 dB
Measuring accuracy (Measuring range) ± 2.0 dB (at 20oC)
± 2.5 dB (0oC-40oC)
Measuring bandwidth (RB) > = 10 MHz depending on symbol rate
Acoustic level trend indicator can be switched on/off
Level trend bar with MaxHold Indicator
ANALYZER digital analyzer
Measuring bandwidth (RB) 10 MHz (full span)
4 MHz (span 1 and 2)
Span (frequency segment) total range, 300 MHz or 76 MHz
Switch directly between analyzer and receiver modes
DVB-S
QPSK demodulator (per ETS 300421)
Symbol rates 2 – 45 MSym/s
Measuring parameters (per ETR 290)
VBER 10-2 to 10-8 (bit error rate per Viterbi)
CBER 10-2 to 10-8 (bit error rate before Viterbi)
MER 2 – 20 dB resolution 0.1 dB
Searching function
Chapter 2 - Specifications
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DVB-S2
QPSK/8PSK demodulator (per ETS 302307)
16APSK, 32APSK not supported
FEC 1/4, 1/3, 2/5 not supported
Symbol rates 2 – 45 MSym/s
Measuring parameters (per ETR 290)
LBER 10-1 to 10-8 (bit error rate per LDPC)
CBER 10-2 to 10-8 (bit error rate before LDPC)
MER 1 – 20 dB resolution 0.1 dB
Automatic detection of DVB-S/DVB-S2
Searching function
CONSTELLATION DIAGRAM (optional) I/Q analysis of digitally modulated signals
Sources DVB-S, DVB-S2
Reception rate Approx. 15 seconds
3-dimensional display in color
(Status frequency)
MPEG2 decoder, MPEG4 decoder NIT evaluation
Direct tuning of the receiver from the NIT
Display of MPEG video parameters
Video bit rate measurement in Mbit/s
Video decoding MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2)
H.264/AVC Level 4.1 HP (ISO/IEC 14496-10)
Audio decoding MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-3),
Dolby Digital AC-3, Dolby Digital Plus,
MPEG-2 AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7),
MPEG-4 AAC (ISO/IEC 14496-3)
CI (Common Interface) 1 CI slot
Presentation of card menu
Data logger Stores measurements automatically in the form
of an XML file on a USB stick
INTERFACES
DVI Digital video output for connecting a TV device with
a DVI/HDMI input.
Output impedance 100 Ohm
Difference output level typ. 1 Vpp
USB-A USB-A socket for data logger and software update
USB 2.0
OPTICAL RECEIVER (optional)
Connector SC/APC (with protective cap)
Wavelength (Lambda) 1260 – 1620nm (no optical filter)
Max. optical input power +8dBm (continous power)
Return loss > 40dB
Equivalent Input Noise (ON) < 8pA/√Hz
RF frequency range 910 – 2150MHz
Input power, nominal -7…+3dBm
Chapter 2 - Specifications
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OPTICAL RECEIVER (optional)
Measuring parameters
Optical power -35dBm - +9dBm
Wavelength (calibrated) 1310nm, 1490nm, 1550nm
Resolution 0.1dB
Measuring accuracy ± 0.35dB
Optical modulation index (OMI) individual OMI
Resolution 0.1%
Measuring accuracy ± 10% (of displayed value)
TUNING MEMORY 99 Memory locations
memory protection function
REMOTE SUPPLY
Maximum power 500 mA (short circuit-proof)
Voltages 14V / 18V
22 kHz modulation UPP = 0.8 VPP
DiSEqC version V1.0, V1.1, V1.2, V2.0
UNICABLE
Current measuring
measuring range 0 – 500 mA
resolution 1 mA
measuring accuracy + 5% of final value
POWER SUPPLY
External 12V 11 – 15V DC max. 2.5A
or external primary power supply 12V/2.5A
(included in delivery) via extra-low voltage jack
according to DIN 45323
Power consumption max. 30 W
Storage battery Li-Ion battery pack 7.2V / 6.6Ah
Operating time approx. 3.5 hours (dependant upon the LNB load)
automatic cutout as protection against exhaustive
discharge
Charging time approx. 3 hours
Battery management Battery can be charged using 12 V external supply
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Operating temperature 0
oC - +45oC
Storage temperature -10oC - +55oC
Battery charging temperature +15oC - +35oC
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY according to EN 61000-6-2 and EN 61000-6-3
PROTECTION according to EN 61010-1
DIMENSIONS (W x H x D) 164mm x 266 x 70mm
WEIGHT approx. 1.3 kg with battery pack
QUANTITY OF DELIVERY
Included in the delivery Transport case
IEC measuring cable 75 ohm
Power supply and external power cable
Fibre cable SC/APC to FC/PC
USB stick
Manual
Chapter 3 - Control and connection elements, pin configurations
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Chapter 3
Control and connection elements, pin configurations
3.1 Front Panel with Top and Bottom Section
Top section of
instrument
Bottom section
of instrument
Chapter 3 - Control and connection elements, pin configurations
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3.2 Rear panel
3.3 USB-A socket
Pin 1 = VCC (+5 V)
Pin 2 = Data D -
Pin 3 = Data D +
Pin 4 = GND
Chapter 3 - Control and connection elements, pin configurations
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3.4 DVI output
Compliant with DDWG (Digital Display Working Group) DVI (Digital Visual Interface) Revision 1.0
3.5 12V power supply
Extra-low voltage jack per DIN 45 323
Chapter 4 - Startup
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Chapter 4
Startup
4.1 Mains operation
Only power the instrument from the mains using an external mains adapter connected to the 12 V
extra-low voltage jack. A suitable adapter with connecting cable is included in delivery (see “External
power supply”).
Important! Always disconnect the instrument from the power supply when disassembling
the instrument (e.g. replacing batteries).
4.2 Battery operation
4.2.1 Replacing the battery
Only the manufacturer or service technicians authorised by the manufacturer may replace the
internal battery. The manufacturer’s guarantee will be void if the housing of the measuring receiver is
opened by anyone else.
4.2.2 Battery management
The instrument has internal battery management, which optimises the charging and discharging of
the battery. The battery begins to charge as soon as the instrument is connected to the mains or an
external voltage supply. The instrument starts in charging mode if it is not being used; during this
time only the OSD window on the top left is shown with the text “Charging BATT” and the battery
symbol. The display screen turns off after a minute. Pressing any button turns the display back on. If
the instrument is operated in measuring mode, the charging current may be reduced somewhat
depending on the operating status, causing the charging process to take longer. When the battery is
being charged, the “charge” LED lights up red. Once the battery is fully charged, the internal battery
management switches to maintenance charging and the “charge” LED turns green. The instrument
also has a charge status indicator. A status bar in the frequency window indicates the remaining
charge of the battery at all times. If the battery charge becomes critical, the word “low” appears in red
next to the bar. You can still complete the current measurement, but the battery should then be
recharged as soon as possible. The instrument shuts down automatically to prevent total discharge.
Storing the battery and operating the device at low temperatures
Because of the chemical reactions inside the battery the performance of the built in battery is
somewhat reduced at low temperatures. It is not possible to charge the battery when the temperature
is below 0°C.
4.3 Operation using an external power supply
In addition to using the battery, you can run the device on external direct current supplied by the
mains adapter or the cigarette lighter adapter in a vehicle, for example. Direct current is fed via the
extra-low voltage jack on the bottom section of the instrument. The external voltage supply must be
in the range of 11 V to 15 V. The maximum current consumption is 2.5 A. When the instrument is
supplied with appropriate voltage, the “charge” LED on the front side of the instrument lights up.
4.4 Ventilation control
A small, in-built fan ensures that the electronic components are well ventilated. This fan is controlled
by the microprocessor using a temperature sensor.
Chapter 4 - Startup
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4.5 Switching on
The instrument processor requires approx. 5 seconds to boot up. During this time, the “charge” LED
lights up yellow. Afterwards, a display appears on the screen.
4.6 Setting screen brightness and volume
Pressing the AV SET button calls up two control bars, one for screen brightness the other for
volume. Enter the desired settings using the arrow keys. This function is not possible in some
operating modes, such as level measurement. Pressing AV SET again or pressing ESC hides the
bars and restores the original function of the arrow keys.
Chapter 5 - Menu structure
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Chapter 5
Menu structure
Most functions of the instrument can be selected in a clear menu structure.
The main menu of the instrument is adjusted to the currently set operating mode respectively. This
ensures that functions can only be selected where needed.
Selecting main menu: Press MODE key
Leaving the menu: Press MODE or ESC key
Selecting a menu point: Select the desired menu item using the arrow keys
(Up or Down) and press ENTER.
Back to previous menu level: Press ESC key
The picture shows the menu in the DVB-S range with RF frequency input mode.
Chapter 6 - Measuring range
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Chapter 6
Measuring range
6.1 Frequency input
Frequencies are displayed in the frequency window. Enter the value of the frequency in MHz or GHz
(see below). Set the desired frequency using the number keys or arrow keys. The decimal unit can
be changed from 0-9 by pressing the Up and Down arrow keys when the cursor is on that unit. Use
the <- and -> keys to move the cursor left and right. Pressing a number key enters the corresponding
value in the lowest decimal unit. All the positions above are set to zero. Every time an additional
number is entered, the existing value shifts a position to the left and the latest entry is used for the
lowest unit. Confirm by pressing ENTER. If the value entered is not within the valid range, it will be
limited to the corresponding minimum or maximum value.
After that, the receiver is tuned and the actual measured values are displayed.
Press the ESC key, an arrow key or a number key to end the measurement procedure. A new
frequency can be set as described above.
6.1.1 IF input
To change the instrument to IF input, select MODE -> Frequency input mode -> SAT-IF. The
frequency window displays SAT-IF [MHz].
6.1.2 RF input
To change the instrument to RF input, select MODE -> Frequency input mode -> RF[GHz]. The
frequency window displays SAT-RF [GHz]. This function serves to incorporate frequency conversion
in an LNB from the transponder frequency (RF) to the first SAT IF, depending on the LNB oscillator
frequency (LO).
For Ku band LNBs: IF = RF – LO. The instrument calculates: RF = IF + LO.
For C band LNBs: IF = LO – RF. The instrument calculates: RF = LO – IF.
6.1.2.1 Ku band
The device provides two user-defined LNB oscillator frequencies for RF inputs in the Ku band. These
can be changed under MODE -> Settings -> LNB-Frequencies -> Ku low band (Ku high band)
within the range of 9000 to 11000 GHz. The factory presettings are 9750 GHz (low band) and 10600
GHz (high band).
The device also provides three ways of using the two oscillator frequencies: Using the menu MODE
-> Settings -> LO-Allocation, choose between “Ku standard” (coupled to the LNB setting), “Ku
LOLow” (low-band oscillator always incorporated regardless of LNB setting) and “Ku LOHigh” (the
high-band oscillator respectively).
6.1.2.2 C band
The instrument provides one user-defined LNB oscillator frequency for RF inputs in the C band. This
can be changed under MODE -> Settings -> LNB-Frequencies -> C band within the range of 4,000
to 6000 GHz. The factory presetting is 5150 GHz. To use the LNB oscillator frequency, select the “C
band” menu item via MODE -> Settings -> LO-Allocation.
If the device is operating with RF input, the LO used is shown in the frequency window with the
abbreviations “KuL” (LO for Ku low band), “KuH” (LO for Ku high band) or “_C_” (LO for C band).
Chapter 6 - Measuring range
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6.2 DVB-S mode
Using this mode, QPSK-modulated DVB-S signals can be received and measured.
6.2.1 Symbol rate input
You must set the corresponding symbol rate before receiving a DVB-S signal. The instrument offers
the operator five preset symbol rates for rapid input. Select MODE -> Symbol rate to use one of the
five preset symbol rates. Use the Up/Down arrow keys to select the required symbol rate. The new
symbol rate is selected when you press ENTER. Press -> to change the preset symbol rate between
2,000 and 45000 kBd (2.000 – 45.000 MSym/s). The default symbol rates are 27500, 22000, 5632,
4000 and 2400 kBd.
6.2.2 Scan
Use this function to search the entire satellite frequency range (910 – 2.150 MHz) for DVB-S signals
whose symbol rates correspond to the value that is currently set in the instrument. During the search,
the instrument alternates between the currently set symbol rate and the first two preset symbol rates.
This means that the instrument scans the satellite range with a maximum of three different symbol
rates.
Start the scan by tuning the measuring receiver to a frequency at which the scan should begin (see
“Frequency input”). Pressing ENTER begins the process, as indicated by the “SCAN” message in the
frequency window. When the instrument finds a transponder, the scan is halted and the measuring
receiver measures the frequency found. Stop the scan by pressing a number key, the Up or Down
keys, or the ESC key.
During the scan, the instrument also detects DVB-S and DVB-S2 signals and switches the measuring
receiver to the relevant operating mode.
Note:
In the UNICABLE and JESS operating mode the scan function is deactivated.
6.2.3 DVB-S parameters
The parameters are shown in the parameter window. If the measuring receiver is tuned to a
frequency (see “Frequency input”), the DVB-S channel decoder attempts to synchronise with the
signal that is present; this activity can be traced using the “SCAN” message in the parameter
window.
The measuring receiver attempts to synchronise to the DVB-S signal that is present using the set
symbol rate. If this is not successful, all of the preset symbol rates are set one after another.
If a QPSK signal with the set symbol rate is present, the channel decoder locks and LOCKED is
displayed in the instrument's parameter window.
Otherwise, the UNLOCKED message is shown. This may be caused by the following: none of the set
symbol rates fit; the receive level is too low; there is too much noise in the signal; or there is no DVB-
S signal at this frequency.
Chapter 6 - Measuring range
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7
When the DVB-S channel decoder receives a signal, the instrument shows its code rate and
modulation scheme in the parameter window. At the same time, bit error rate and MER measurement
is activated. The measured values are shown in the BER window and the MER window. The MPEG
window is also displayed; here you can follow the search for PSI (program service information) in the
transport stream. Further information can be found in the “MPEG Decoder” section.
6.2.4 BER measurement (bit error rate measurement)
As mentioned in the previous section, the BER measurement result is displayed in the BER window.
The measuring receiver can measure the bit error rate before Viterbi (CBER) and after Viterbi
(VBER) simultaneously. VBER is displayed in a smaller font on the top line of the BER window.
CBER is below in a large font.
6.2.5 MER measurement
The MER value of the signal in the baseband (after the demodulator) is displayed in dB in the MER
window. The measuring range is between 2.0 and 20.0 dB. The resolution is 0.1 dB.
6.3 DVB-S2 mode
Use this mode to receive and measure QPSK/8PSK-modulated DVB-S2 signals.
DVB-S2 is a further development of DVB-S. In addition to QPSK a higher-quality modulation scheme
(8PSK) has been introduced. As an option, pilots can be transmitted to help the receiver synchronise
when reception conditions are not favourable. Furthermore, more efficient error protection
(LDPC/BCH) increases bandwidth effectiveness (bit rate/bandwidth at the same MER).
6.3.1 Symbol rate input
You must set the corresponding symbol rate before receiving a DVB-S2 signal. The instrument offers
the operator five preset symbol rates for rapid input. MODE -> Symbol rate opens the selection area
for the five preset symbol rates. Use the Up/Down arrow keys to select the required symbol rate. The
new symbol rate is set when you press ENTER.
Press -> to change the preset symbol rate between 2,000 kBd and 45,000 kBd (2000 - 45000
MSym/s). The default preset symbol rates are 27500, 22000, 5632, 4000 and 2400 kBd.
6.3.2 Scan
Use this function to scan the entire satellite frequency range (910 – 2,150 MHz) for DVB-S signals
whose symbol rates correspond to the value that is currently set in the instrument.
During the scan, the instrument alternates between the currently set symbol rate and the first two
preset symbol rates.
This means that the instrument scans the satellite range with a maximum of three different symbol
rates.
Chapter 6 - Measuring range
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8
Start the scan by tuning the measuring receiver to a frequency at which the scan should begin (see
“Frequency input”). Pressing ENTER begins the process, as indicated by the “SCAN” message in the
frequency window. When the instrument finds a transponder, the search is halted and the measuring
receiver measures the frequency found. You can stop the scan by pressing a number key, an arrow
key (Up/Down) or the ESC key.
During the scan, the instrument also detects DVB-S and DVB-S2 signals and adjusts the measuring
receiver to the relevant operating mode.
Note:
In the UNICABLE and JESS operating mode the scan function is deactivated.
6.3.3 DVB-S2 parameters
The parameters are shown in the parameter window. If the measuring receiver is tuned to a
frequency (see “Frequency input”), the DVB-S2 channel decoder attempts to synchronise with the
signal that is present; this activity can be traced using the “SCAN” message in the parameter
window.
The receiver first attempts to synchronise to the DVB-S2 signal that is present using the set symbol
rate. If this is not successful, all of the preset symbol rates are set one after another. In addition, the
instrument automatically detects the DVB-S/DVB-S2 operating modes.
If a QPSK/8PSK signal with the set symbol rate is present, the channel decoder locks and LOCKED
is displayed in the parameter window. Otherwise, the UNLOCKED message is shown. This may be
caused by the following: none of the set symbol rates fit; the receive level is too low; the signal is too
noisy; or there is no DVB-S2 signal at this frequency.
When the DVB-S2 channel decoder receives a signal, the instrument shows its code rate and
modulation scheme in the parameter window. At the same time, bit error rate and MER measurement
is activated. The measured values are shown in the BER window and the MER window. The MPEG
window is also displayed; here you can follow the search for PSI (program service information) in the
transport stream. Further information can be found in the “MPEG Decoder” section.
6.3.4 BER measurement (bit error rate measurement)
As mentioned in the previous section, the BER measurement result is displayed in the BER window.
The measuring receiver can measure the bit error rate before LDPC (CBER) and afterwards (LBER)
at the same time. The LBER is displayed in a smaller font on the top line of the BER window. CBER
is below in a large font.
Note:
The internal error protection is called LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) in the DVB-S2 standard, and
the external error protection is called BCH (Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem). In particular, the
performance of the LDPC error protection is significantly better than that of the inner error protection
of DVB-S (Viterbi).
6.3.5 MER measurement
The MER value of the signal in the baseband (after the demodulator) is displayed in dB in the MER
window. The measuring range extends to 20.0 dB; the resolution is 0.1 dB.
6.3.6 Packet error measurement
Short interruptions in the DVB-S/S2 signal usually cannot be detected using MER or BER
measurements. They can make entire packets in the transport stream unusable for the MPEG
decoder, however. This can cause the picture to freeze temporarily or the sound to crackle. The
extent of this depends largely on the receiver hardware.
In the MODE menu, a function can be activated which sums up all corrupt transport stream packets
starting from the time of activation or when a new frequency is entered. The number of packet errors
(PE = Packet Error) and the amount of time that has passed since the last tuning process is
displayed in the BER window instead of the VBER or LBER. This function can be deactivated again
in the above menu or by performing a restart.
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6.4 Level measurement
As soon as the instrument is set to a frequency (see “Frequency setting”), it begins to measure the
level and displays the measured value in dBµV in the level window.
The measuring range extends from 30 to 110 dBµV with a resolution of 0.5 dB.
The measuring bandwidth is automatically adjusted to the channel bandwidth being measured. The
measuring rate for the numerical level value is approx. 3 Hz.
6.4.1 MAX Hold function
In addition to the numerical level value, the level window also displays a yellow level trend bar whose
length changes proportionally to the level value.
A vertical red line remains on the trend bar to indicate its maximum level since the last tuning
process.
The repetition rate of the level bar is 10 Hz. Use this function as an aid when aligning the parabolic
antenna.
6.4.2 Acoustic level trend indicator
The acoustic level trend signal also helps you to align a parabolic antenna. The loudspeaker emits a
tone whose frequency changes in proportion to the level that is measured. The frequency of the
signal tone rises as the level increases.
The function can be switched on or off at any time via the menu MODE -> Acoustic level -> on (off).
6.5 LNB supply
The measuring receiver controls a connected LNB or a multiswitch using the conventional 14/18 V -
22 kHz control (max. four SAT IF levels) or with the DiSEqC control. The supply is short-circuit-proof
and provides a maximum current of 500 mA. In the event of a short circuit, or if the current is too
high, the instrument automatically turns off the LNB feed. If an external LNB feed is present that is
higher than that set, this feed is also switched off. The LNB-LED lights up as soon as the LNB feed is
active.
6.5.1 14/18 V – 22 kHz control
LNB -> DiSEqC -> off activates the 14/18 V - 22 kHz control (or DiSEqC off). Once it is active, the
LNB feed is set to 0 V. The required SAT IF layer can be set via the menu LNB -> SAT-IF-Layer ->
14 V, 18V, 14 V/22 kHz, 18 V/22 kHz.
6.5.2 DiSEqC
DiSEqC defines a standard which transmits control commands from the master (e.g. receiver) via the
RF cable to the slave (e.g. multiswitch, positioner) using FSK (frequency shift keying with 22kHz).
DiSEqC is backward compatible with the 14/18 V – 22 kHz control.
The following diagram shows the chronological sequence of a DiSEqC1.0 sequence:
The 14/18 V - 22 kHz control follows immediately after a DiSEqC sequence. This allows non-
DiSEqC-compatible components to be run when DiSEqC control is active.
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0
The image shows the selection menu for the DiSEqC versions and single-cable standards.
6.5.2.1 DiSEqC V1.0 control
When LNB -> DiSEqC -> V1.0 is set, the instrument operates according to DiSEqC Standard V1.0
and allows you to control up to four satellite positions with up to four SAT IF levels each. A SAT IF
level is set using LNB -> SAT-IF-Layer > V/Lo, H/Lo, V/Hi, H/Hi.
Set a satellite position using LNB -> Satellite -> P1 – P4. P1 can be used for ASTRA and P2 for
EUTELSAT, for example.
6.5.2.2 DiSEqC V1.1 control
LNB -> DiSEqC -> V1.1 activates the DiSEqC V1.1 menu. V1.1 allows you to control a total of up to
256 SAT IF levels. V1.1 also allows for DiSEqC component cascading.
This means that compatible multiswitches or switching relays can be connected in series. Multiple
repetitions of the DiSEqC command(s) are required for this. See the following example for further
information.
The SAT IF level settings and satellite position settings are identical to those for V1.0. Added to this
is the control “Uncommitted switches”, which is operated via LNB -> Uncommitted Switch. With
“Uncommitted switches” you can split the 16 SAT IF levels that are possible with V1.0 into another 16
branches using the cascading option; this is achieved using 4 additional switches (uncommitted
switches). In total, up to 256 SAT IF levels can be controlled. The “uncommitted switches” are binary
controlled. The Up/Down arrow keys allow one of the 16 possible combinations of the 4
“uncommitted switches” to be selected using a hexadecimal number (“0” hex - “F” hex). Press
ENTER to confirm the setting.
V1.1 incorporates DiSEqC component cascading. Therefore, the commands must be repeated.
Select the minimal necessary number of repetitions to prevent unnecessary DiSEqC commands
being sent, which would slow the control. LNB -> Repeats allows you to select between 0, 1
(default), 2 or 3 repetitions. Press ENTER to confirm the setting.
DiSEqC1.1 control sequence with 1 repetition
As mentioned above, DiSEqC1.1 is capable of cascading. The control sequences must therefore be
repeated a number of times. DiSEqC components further back in the chain cannot receive the
commands intended for them until the earlier components in the chain have processed their
commands.
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