Laird RM024 User manual

RAMP Wireless Module
RM024
User Manual
Version 2.3
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RM024 User Manual
Version 2.3
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Europe: [phone]
Hong Kong: [phone]
www.lairdtech.com/wireless
2
CONN-GUIDE-RAMP24-0413
REVISION HISTORY
Rev.
Revision Date
Description
1.0
Initial Version
2.1
Added firmware changes, updated the name of the Force 9600 Pin,
removed old references to LT2510 part numbers, added new information
on cyclic sleep and Antenna Switch Override. Added a table under Max
Power and a table for the Set Max Power command.
2.2
Minor grammatical fixes.
2.3
27 June 2013
PWM output data was corrected to a 39.3846 µS period vs. 315.077, as
was stated previously.
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RM024 User Manual
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CONTENTS
Contents..................................................................................................................................................... 3
RAMP Modules .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Overview ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Key Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Detailed Specifications......................................................................................................................................... 5
Pin Definitions...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Input Characteristics ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Output Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Block Diagram ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Timing Specifications ........................................................................................................................................... 8
RF Hop Frame ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Hardware Interface ................................................................................................................................. 10
Pin Descriptions ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Theory of Operation................................................................................................................................ 12
Server/Client Architecture ................................................................................................................................. 12
Adjustable RF Data Rate..................................................................................................................................... 12
Modes of Operation........................................................................................................................................... 13
Serial Interface Baud Rate .................................................................................................................................. 14
Interface Timeout/RF Packet Size....................................................................................................................... 15
Flow Control ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
Radio Configurations.......................................................................................................................................... 17
EEPROM Parameters................................................................................................................................ 26
Configuring the RM024........................................................................................................................... 36
AT Commands.................................................................................................................................................... 36
Utility Commands .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Status Commands .............................................................................................................................................. 40
Command Descriptions ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Serial Firmware Upgrades ....................................................................................................................... 48
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Upgrading Via Windows OEM Configuration Utility............................................................................................ 48
Upgrading FW Commands ................................................................................................................................. 49
Command Descriptions ...................................................................................................................................... 49
Process to Manually Upgrade RM024 ................................................................................................................ 51
API Operation .......................................................................................................................................... 52
API Send Data Complete .................................................................................................................................... 52
API Receive Packet............................................................................................................................................. 52
API Transmit Packet ........................................................................................................................................... 53
Mechanical Considerations ..................................................................................................................... 54
Mechanical Drawing .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Note on Mechanical Drawings: .......................................................................................................................... 54
Ordering Information.............................................................................................................................. 57
Product Part Numbers ....................................................................................................................................... 57
Regulatory Information........................................................................................................................... 58
FCC/IC Requirements for Modular Approval ...................................................................................................... 58
RM024 Firmware History ................................................................................................................................... 60
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RM024 User Manual
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CONN-GUIDE-RAMP24-0413
RAMP MODULES
Laird Technologies RAMP (Range Amplified MultiPoint) modules are designed to provide robust wireless
communications for any number of applications requiring a wireless transport for serial data. RAMP modules
feature a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) protocol for excellent interference and multipath
immunity. RAMP modules Server/Client architecture allows for more than 16 million clients to be addressed
and communicating within the network.
Overview
The RM024 RAMP module is based on Laird Technologies LT2510 core technology, enhanced with a new RF
front end for improved sleep, improved link budget and a switchable antenna output. The RM024 is available
in two versions, one with 125 mW maximum conducted output power and approved for North American and
similar markets and one with 50 mW maximum conducted output power and approved for European and
similar markets. These modules are identical except for output power, transmit power consumption, and the
number of RF Channels available. Differences between the two versions, where applicable, will be denoted
based on part number.
This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between a Laird
Technologies RM024 transceiver and an OEM Host. Information includes the theory of operation,
specifications, interface definitions, configuration information, and mechanical drawings.
Note: Unless mentioned specifically by name, the RM024 modules will be referred to as “radio” or
“transceiver”. Individual naming is used to differentiate product specific features. The host
(PC/Microcontroller/Any device to which the RM024 module is connected) will be referred to as
“OEM Host” or “Host.”
Key Features
Retries and acknowledgements
Configurable network parameters
Multiple generic I/O
280 kbps or 500 kbps RF data stream
Idle current draw of 9.5 mA, sleep current of 50 uA
Software selectable interface baud rates from 1200 bps to 460.8 kbps
Upgradable FW through serial port
Low cost, low power, and small size ideal for high volume, portable, and battery powered applications
All modules are qualified for Industrial temperatures (-40°C to 85°C)
Advanced configuration available using AT commands
Easy to use Configuration and Test Utility software
Switchable antenna output, either integrated antenna or external antenna through U.FL
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RM024 User Manual
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Detailed Specifications
Table 1: Detailed Specifications
GENERAL
Form Factor
SMD-ANT+U.FL, Pluggable-ANT+U.FL, SMD-U.FL,
Pluggable-U.FL
Antenna
External antenna through U.FL connector or dual
antenna with integrated antenna and U.FL
Serial Interface Data Rate
Baud rates from 1200 bps to 460800 bps. Non-standard
baud rates are also supported.
Channels
FCC: 43 or 79 selectable channels
CE: 43 selectable channels
Security
Channelization, System ID, and Vendor ID
Minimum Flash (EEPROM) Memory Endurance
1000 Write/Erase Cycles
TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Band
2400 –2483.5 MHz
RF Data Rate (Raw)
280 kbps or 500 kbps selectable
Hop Bin Spacing
900 kHz over 79 hops
1500 kHz over 43 hops
RF Technology
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Modulation
MSK
Maximum Output Power Conducted1
FCC: +5 to +21 dBm selectable
CE: +3.5 to +18 dBm selectable
Supply Voltage
2.3 –3.6 V ± 50 mV ripple
Current Draw2
100% Tx
166 mA
85 mA
1/8 Tx (when selected)
40 mA
40 mA
100% Rx
36 mA
36 mA
Rx average (idle current)
9.5 mA
11.6 mA
Deep sleep
50 µA
50 µA
Receiver Sensitivity (1% PER)
-95 dBm at 280 kbps RF Data Rate
-94 dBm at 500 kbps RF Data Rate
Range (based on external 2.0 dBi antenna at
280 kbps RF Data Rate)3
Outdoor (line-of-sight)
Indoor (estimated)
FCC
2.5 miles (4 km)
1300 ft (400 m)
CE
1.5 miles (2.4 km)
790 ft (240 m)
ENVIRONMENTAL
Temperature (Operational)
-40ºC to 85ºC
Temperature (Storage)
-50ºC to 150ºC
PHYSICAL
SMD-Multi Antenna Dimensions
1.0” x 1.54” x 0.14” (25.4 mm x 39 mm x 3.6 mm)
SMD-U.FL Dimensions
1.0” x 1.28” x 0.14” (25.4 mm x 32.4 mm x 3.6 mm)
Pluggable-Multi Antenna Dimensions
1.05” x 1.56” x 0.44” (26.7 mm x 39.6 mm x 11.3 mm)
Pluggable-U.FL Dimensions
1.05” x 1.29” x 0.42” (26.7 mm x 33 mm x 10.6 mm)
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RM024 User Manual
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CONN-GUIDE-RAMP24-0413
CERTIFICATIONS
FCC Part 15.247
KQL-RM024
Industry Canada (IC)
2268C-RM024
CE
Yes, RM024-x50-x versions
RoHS
Yes
Japan (TELEC) 4
Yes
Brazil (Anatel)5
None
1. Maximum Output power stated, step measurements for power could vary by +/- 2.0 dBm.
2. Sleep currents are estimated
3. Range distances are estimated, measurements were taken at 4.1 miles with 5 dBi antenna for FCC
module
4. See Regulatory Information in this manual
5. Contact your sales representative for more details.
Pin Definitions
Table 2: Pin Definitions
SMT Pin
Pluggable Pin
Type
Signal Name
Functions
1
7
O
GIO_0
Generic Output / Hop_Frame
2
6
O
GIO_1
Generic Output
3
8
DNC
Do Not Connect
4
17
O
GIO_2
RS485 Driver Enable
5
19
O
GIO_3
PWM Output
6
3
I
RXD
Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver
7
2
O
TXD
Asynchronous serial data output from transceiver
8
10
GND
GND
Signal Ground
9
1
PWR
Vcc
2.3 –3.6 V ±50 mV ripple (must be connected)
10
-
PWR
Vpa
2.3 - 3.6 V ±5 0mV ripple (must be connected)
11
-
GND
GND
Signal Ground
12
9
I
Force 9600
/Sleep Interrupt
Force 9600 –When pulled logic Low and then
applying power or resetting, the transceiver’s
serial interface is forced to a 9600, 8-N-1 rate.
Sleep Interrupt- When taken low this pin will
wake the radio from sleep
Note: Because this mode disables some modes
of operation, it should not be
permanently pulled Low during normal
operation.
13
14
I
GIO_4
Generic Input
14
5
I
µP_Reset
RESET –Controlled by the RM024 for power-on
reset if left unconnected. After a stable power-on
reset, a logic Low pulse will reset the transceiver.
15
11
I
CMD/Data
When logic Low, the transceiver interprets
incoming OEM Host data as command data.
When logic High, the transceiver interprets OEM
Host data as transmit data.
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SMT Pin
Pluggable Pin
Type
Signal Name
Functions
16
15
O
In Range
When logic Low, the client is in range and
synchronized with a server. This will always be
Low on a server.
17
16
I
RTS
Request to Send. Floats high if left unconnected.
When enabled in EEPROM, the module will not
transmit data out the Serial UART unless the pin is
Low.
18
12
O
CTS
Clear to Send - CTS is used for hardware flow
control. CTS will toggle high when the input
buffer reaches the CTS On threshold until the
buffer recedes below CTS Off.
19
18
GIO_8
Generic Input1
20
13
GIO_5
Reserved for future use. Do not connect.
21
4
GIO_6
Reserved for future use. Do not connect.
22
20
I
GIO_7
Analog to Digital Input
Tips:
All I/O matches the Vcc.
All inputs are weakly pulled High via a 20k Ohm pull-up resistor and may be left floating during normal
operation
Minimum Connections: VCC, VPA, GND, TXD, & RXD
Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver
Unused pins should be left disconnected
Input Characteristics
Table 3: Input Characteristics
Signal Name
High Min.
High Max.
Low Min.
Low Max.
µP_Reset
0.8 v
Vcc
0 v
0.6 v
RTS
2.31 v
Vcc
0 v
.99 v
AD_In
N/A
Vcc
0 v
N/A
All other inputs
70% Vcc
Vcc
0 v
30% Vcc
Output Characteristics
Table 4: Output Characteristics
Signal Name
High Min.
High Max.
Low Min.
Low Max.
Sink Current
GO_0
2.5 v
3.3 v
0 v
0.4 v
20 mA
GO_1
2.5 v
3.3 v
0 v
0.4 v
20 mA
PWM_Output
N/A
3.3 v
0 v
N/A
4 mA
All other inputs
2.5 v
3.3 v
0 v
0.4 v
4 mA
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Block Diagram
Serial UART
EEPROM
Input Buffer
CPU
Transmitter
Receiver
U.FL
ADC
Force
9600 CMD/
Data
RXD
RTS
TXD
CTS
InRange PWM
PA
uP_Reset
RM024
LNA
Output Buffer
DE/RE
Integrated
Antenna
RF Switch
Figure 1: Block Diagram of RM024
Timing Specifications
Table 5: Timing Specifications
Parameter
Server/Client
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Notes
Power on to
CTS Low
5 ms
10 ms
N/A
The first boot after a FW
upgrade will require more than
the typical amount of time for
CTS to toggle Low.
EEPROM Read
800 µs
1 ms
2 ms
Measured from last byte of
command to first byte of
response: 870 µs for 1 byte 1.1
ms for 80 bytes 1.4 ms for 256
bytes
EEPROM Write
20 ms
30 ms
40 ms
Measured. EEPROM writes will
cause the radio to
resynchronize
Power on to In
Range
Client only,
server will go in
range in fewer
than 13 ms
13 ms
600 ms
1700 ms1
Maximum time assuming all
beacons are heard, RF
interference could extend the
maximum time indefinitely
Hope Period In
Range
13.19 ms
Hop Period Out
of Range
Client only
38.4 ms
Reset Pulse
250 ms
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Parameter
Server/Client
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Notes
PWM Output
Period
39.3846 µs
Restore Default
EEPROM
Command
10 ms
38 ms
Restore command also initiates
a soft reset, so monitoring CTS
is the best indication of a
completed command
Non Specific AT
Command
1 ms
10 ms
Some AT Commands could
wait indefinitely for a response
Write Flash
For FW Upgrade
Read Flash
Decrypt Image
RF Hop Frame
The RM024 hops every 13.19 ms and can be configured for two different RF data rates to provide options for
range or throughput. During each hop, the RM024 reserves a certain amount of time for overhead, such as
the synchronization beacon, internal messaging, and user data transmission. The diagrams below outline the
various transmissions that occur during a hop. These transmissions are transparent to the user sending data,
but may be useful for applications that require critical timing. User data is only transmitted during the data
slots and after the Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size criteria has been met. Data transmission only begins at
the beginning of a data slot. When configured for Full Duplex, data slot 1 is reserved for the server and data
slot 2 is shared by all clients for transmissions.
Figure 2: RF Hop Frame
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RM024 User Manual
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HARDWARE INTERFACE
Pin Descriptions
RXD and TXD
The RM024 accepts 3.3 VDC TTL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin. Data is
sent from the transceiver, at 3.3 V levels, to the OEM Host via the TXD pin. Pins should be left floating or
high when not in use. Leaving the RXD tied low results in the radio transmitting garbage serial data across
the RF.
Force 9600 /Sleep Interrupt
When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting, the transceiver’s serial interface is forced to 9600,
8-N-1 (8 data bits, No parity, 1 stop bit): regardless of actual EEPROM setting. The interface timeout is also
set to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size for the selected RF data rate. To exit, the
transceiver must be reset or power-cycled with Test pin logic high or disconnected.
When enabled in the EEPROM, 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot (power-
up), command boot (0xCC 0xFF) and brown-out conditions. Therefore, the 9600 pin is only observed on
warm boots (reset pin toggled). This can be helpful so that brown-out conditions don’t cause the baud rate
to change if the 9600 pin happens to be low at the time. When 9600 Boot Option is disabled, the 9600 pin is
used for all boot conditions. 9600 Boot Option is enabled by default.
Force 9600 is also used to wake the radio from sleep. When the pin is taken low, the radio wakes. The
transceiver does not sleep if the pin is low when the sleep command is issued.
Note: Because this pin disables some modes of operation, it should not be permanently pulled low
during normal operation.
µP_RESET
µP_Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the RM024 microprocessor and is used to force a
hard reset. For a valid reset, reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns.
Command/Data
When logic High, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other
transceivers. When logic Low, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data. When logic
Low, data packets from the radio are not transmitted over the RF interface, however, incoming packets from
other radios are still received. Enabling CMD/Data RX Disable in the EEPROM causes incoming RF packets to
be queued by the receiving radio while CMD/Data is low. When CMD/Data goes high, the data is sent over
the serial interface.
In_Range
The In Range pin is driven low when a client radio’s frequency hopping is synchronized with that of a server.
In Range is always driven low on a server. Following boot, In Range transitions low in approximately 12 ms on
a server. For a client the In Range takes an average of 500 ms, this time is dependent on the signal strength
of the received beacon, the presence and strength of interference and randomness of the sync function. It
can vary from 150 ms to over 1500 ms.
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