Mitsubishi Electric 1100B Series User manual

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTS, INC.
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
MODEL
1100B SERIES
OWNER’S / TECHNICAL MANUAL
U-ENM00005
Revision G
4GB0040

Preface

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC 1100B SERIES UPS
1100B SERIES UPS
OWNERS / TECHNICAL MANUAL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................................II
LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................III
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL........................................................................................................IV
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS................................................................................................ 1-2
1.2 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 1-9
1.3 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................................1-10
1.4 OPERATION OVERVIEW..............................................................................................1-11
1.5 SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................................................................1-17
2 OPERATOR CONTROLS AND INDICATORS........................................................................ 2-1
2.1 EMERGENCY POWER OFF BUTTON (1)....................................................................... 2-1
2.2 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (2)...................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 EXTERNAL SIGNALTERMINAL BLOCK ........................................................................ 2-7
2.4 EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION CONNECTOR..............................................................2-12
3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION........................................................................................ 3-1
3.1 UPS COMPONENTS...................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 TRANSPORTATION ANDINSTALLATION ..................................................................... 3-2
3.3 HANDLING..................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.4 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ....................................................................................... 3-4
3.5 PROCEDURE FORCABLE CONNECTIONS.................................................................. 3-7
3.6 OPERATING PROCEDURES........................................................................................3-13
3.7 MAINTENANCE BYPASS SETUP PROCEDURES ........................................................3-15
4 RESPONSE TO UPS FAILURE............................................................................................. 4-1
5 PARTS REPLACEMENT ....................................................................................................... 5-1
6 FAULT CODES...................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 BYPASS MODULE FAULT CODES................................................................................. 6-2
6.2 POWERCONVERTERMODULEFAULT CODES........................................................... 6-5
7 WARRANTY & OUT OF WARRANTY SERVICE.................................................................... 7-1
8 MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS.............................................................................................. 8-2
8.1 SERVICE OFFERINGS................................................................................................... 8-2
8.2 PACKAGES.................................................................................................................... 8-2

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 UPS Installation and Operational Environment...........................................................1-6
Table 2 Rating of AC Input Circuit Breaker.........................................................................1-8
Table 3 Power Specifications .................................................................................................1-17
Table 4 UPS Module Cabinet Information..............................................................................1-17
Table 5 Detail of Specifications▲...........................................................................................1-18
Table 6 Rating of Contactors and Fuses▲............................................................................1-19
Table 7 List of UPS Component Weights.................................................................................3-1
Table 8 How to Transport and Install the System ....................................................................3-2
Table 9 List of UPS Weights.....................................................................................................3-4
Table 10 Maximum Permitted Fault Current ............................................................................3-5
Table 11 Recommended Cable Size and Torque Requirements ............................................3-7
Table 12 Crimp Type Compression Lug...................................................................................3-8
Table 13 Recommended Hardware..........................................................................................3-8
Table 14 Bypass Module Fault Code List.................................................................................6-2
Table 15 Bypass Module Fault Code List.................................................................................6-5
Table 16 Typical Offerings........................................................................................................8-2

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Single Line Diagram - Normal Operation: Load Powered by UPS Inverter.............1-11
Figure 2 Single Line Diagram - Bypass Operation: Load Fed Through Static Bypass Line 1-12
Figure 3 Single Line Diagram - Emergency Operation ..........................................................1-13
Figure 4 UPS Parts Location..................................................................................................1-14
Figure 5 UPS Parts Location (Bypass Module)......................................................................1-15
Figure 6 External I/F Module ..................................................................................................1-15
Figure 7 Operation/Display Panel (Front Panel) ......................................................................2-1
Figure 8 Main Screen ...............................................................................................................2-2
Figure 9 Startup Guidance........................................................................................................2-2
Figure 10 Shutdown Guidance.................................................................................................2-2
Figure 11 Screen Select Menu.................................................................................................2-2
Figure 12 Input Values..............................................................................................................2-3
Figure 13 Output Values...........................................................................................................2-3
▲Figure 14 Measurement During ............................................................................................2-3
Figure 15 Each Power Converter Module ................................................................................2-3
Figure 16 Status Log ................................................................................................................2-3
Figure 17 Battery Log ...............................................................................................................2-3
Figure 18 Power Converter Failure Log ...................................................................................2-3
Figure 19 Power Converter Failure Log...................................................................................2-3
Figure 20 Remote/Local Operation Select ...............................................................................2-4
Figure 21 Date & Time Adjustment ..........................................................................................2-4
▲Figure 22 Main Screen..........................................................................................................2-4
Figure 23 Measurement Screen...............................................................................................2-4
Figure 24 Main Screen (Fault Indication) .................................................................................2-5
Figure 25 Message Screen.......................................................................................................2-5
Figure 26 MENU Tree...............................................................................................................2-6
▲Figure 27 External Signal Terminal Block (NEC Class2) .....................................................2-8
▲Figure 28 External Signal Terminal Block (NEC Class2) .....................................................2-9
Figure 29 Control Wiring for External Contacts......................................................................2-10
Figure 30 Remote "Start" Contact Connections.....................................................................2-11
Figure 31 UPS Components.....................................................................................................3-1
Figure 32 Handling....................................................................................................................3-3
Figure 33 Clearance for Ventilation and Maintenance.............................................................3-4
Figure 34 Install Power Converter Module and Bypass Module..............................................3-6
Figure 35 Hardware Configuration ...........................................................................................3-8
Figure 36 UPS Terminal Designation.......................................................................................3-9
Figure 37 Cable Connection for Dual Input..............................................................................3-9
Figure 38 Cable Connection for Single Input ...........................................................................3-9
Figure 39 Input/Output Power Terminals ...............................................................................3-10
Figure 40 In Case of Bottom Cable Entry...............................................................................3-11
Figure 41 In Case of Bottom Cable Entry...............................................................................3-12

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OWNERS / TECHNICAL MANUAL
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HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
This manual is designed for ease of use, giving the user an easy and quick reference to information.
This manual uses notice icons to draw the user to important information regarding the safe operation
and installation of the UPS. The notice icons used in this manual are explained below, and should be
taken into account and adhered to whenever they appear in the text of this manual.
WARNING: A warning symbol shows a potentially hazardous situation or
condition that could result in personal injury or death if not avoided.
CAUTION: A caution symbol shows a potentially hazardous situation or condition
that could result in personal injury or equipment damage if not avoided.
NOTE: A note symbol shows information the user or the service personnel should
observe during UPS operation or service work.
INHIBIT: An inhibit symbol shows an act the user or service personnel should
NEVER perform during UPS installation, operation or service work.
Safety Recommendations: If any problems are encountered while following this manual, Mitsubishi
Electric field service group assistance and correspondence is recommended and can be reached at
1-800-887-7830.
INHIBIT
WARNING
!
NOTE
CAUTION

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1 INTRODUCTION
Your Mitsubishi Uninterruptible Power Supply System (UPS) is designed to provide many years of
reliable power supply and protection from power failure, brown-outs, line noise and voltage transients.
This manual contains descriptions for the installation and operation procedures of the UPS. To
ensure optimal performance of the equipment, follow the manufacturer's instructions accordingly.
Please read this manual carefully and retain it for future reference.
This manual contains important instructions for the 1100B Series Uninterruptible
Power Supply System that should be adhered to during installation, operation and
maintenance of the UPS and its batteries.
Lethal voltages exist within the equipment during operation.
Observe all warnings and cautions in this manual.
Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death.
Obtain qualified service for this equipment as per instructions.
In no event will MITSUBISHI be responsible or liable for either indirect or
consequential damage or injury that may come from the use of this equipment.
Any modifications without authorization by MITSUBISHI could result in personal
injuries, death or destruction of the UPS.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
CAUTION
WARNING 1
WARNING
WARNING 2
WARNING

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1.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The safety precautions are categorized as DANGER and CAUTION in this manual.
DANGER : A dangerous situation may occur if improperly handled, leading to severe or
fatal injuries.
CAUTION : A dangerous situation may occur if improperly handled, leading to minor or
serious injuries.
Note that some items described as CAUTION may lead to severe results depending on the
situation. Nonetheless, the important information outlined in this section must be observed at all
times.
DANGER▲
Do not dispose the batteries in fire, as they may explode.
Do not open or break the batteries. Released electrolytes are toxic and harmful to
the eyes and skin.
A battery can present a risk of electrical shock and high short circuit current.
Observe the following minimum Safety Precautions when working on the batteries:
1) Remove watches, rings or other metal objects.
2) Use tools with insulated handles to prevent inadvertent shorts.
3) Wear rubber gloves and boots.
4) Do not lay tools or metal parts on top of the batteries.
5) Disconnect the charging source prior to connecting or disconnecting battery
terminals.
6) Determine if the battery is inadvertently grounded. If so, remove the grounding
source. Contact with any part of a grounded battery can result in electrical shock. The
likelihood of such a shock will be reduced if all grounds are removed during
installation and maintenance.
▲For other stored energy systems, refer to the supplement.

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CAUTION
PRECAUTIONS FOR INSTALLATION
Do not block the intake/exhaust ports.
- If the intake/exhaust ports are blocked, the internal temperature of the UPS will rise, which
could lead to fires from battery electrolyte leakage, fire ignition or part deterioration.
- Exhaust from the rear of the equipment can be released at elevated temperatures. If any
other equipment is expected to be installed in the area behind this one, put adequate
distance between the two.
Follow the UPS instruction manual carefully when installing the unit.
-Improper installation could lead to injury such as the UPS falling over, etc.
PRECAUTIONS FOR WIRING
The power supply for this unit must be three-phase rated in accordance with the
equipment data plate. It must be suitably grounded.
-Failure to ground the unit could lead to electrical shocks.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
If a unit fault, abnormal odor or noise occurs, turn off the UPS input switch.
-Failure to do so could lead to fires.
Do not insert blunt objects or fingers, etc., in the fan.
-Failure to observe this could lead to injuries.
Do not insert blunt objects or fingers, etc., into the unit's input/output section.
-Failure to observe this could lead to electrical shocks.
Ventilate the UPS surroundings.
-Failure to do so could lead to container rupture or explosions from the gas generated from
the battery system.
Prohibit smoking and the use of fire around the unit.
-Failure to do so could lead to injuries, damage or fires from explosions.
Do not place containers that have water or any liquids on the UPS.
-If the container tips over and the water or liquid spills, electrical shocks and fires in the UPS
could occur.
Do not sit on, step on or lean on the UPS.
-Failure to observe this could lead to injuries if the UPS tips over.

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CAUTION
PRECAUTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
The inside of the UPS must be inspected or repaired by qualified personnel only.
-Failure to observe this could lead to electrical shocks, injuries, burns, smoke generation or
fires.
Periodically replace the battery.
-Batteries that have exceeded the replacement life could lead to fires from electrolyte
leakage or fire ignition.
Contact the dealer or service company for unit maintenance and repairs, and for the
replacement of defective parts.
-Opening the cover could lead to electrical shocks or burns.
-Do not touch high temperature parts such as radiation fins. Those high temperature parts
may cause burn injuries even after the power is turned off.
PRECAUTIONS FOR BATTERY▲
If the battery ignites, do not use water to extinguish the fire. Instead, use a powder
(ABC) fire extinguisher.
-Using water could cause the fire to grow.
Toxic diluted sulfuric acid exists in the battery.
-If electrolytes leak from the unit, avoid contact with the skin or clothes.
-If electrolytes make contact with the skin or clothes, wash it thoroughly off with clean water.
-If electrolytes make contact with the eyes, rinse immediately and thoroughly with clean
water, and then see a doctor. The presence of sulfuric acid in the eyes could lead to
blindness, and adherence to skin could lead to burns.
▲For other stored energy systems, refer to the supplement.
PRECAUTIONS FOR OPERATION
Operating method.
-To obtain stable operation, it is advisable that the UPS is operated on a continuous basis.
Even if you start or stop the equipment at daily intervals, keep the converter running and
only start or stop the inverter.
Extended shutdown.
-If the UPS is stopped for several months, operate the converter for a day or two at monthly
intervals.
-Charge the batteries; if left uncharged for a long time, they can run down due to
self-discharge.
Do not touch live parts even after equipment is shut down.
-Because the converter is kept operational after stopping the inverter, voltage remains
applied to the internals of the equipment. Also, it takes about 5 minutes after stopping the
converter for voltage across the DC circuit to dissipate to a safe level, which is in the range
of 20V. Avoid contacting the live parts of the equipment and the supply side of the breaker
because they stay energized even after equipment shutdown steps are performed.

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CAUTION
OTHER PRECAUTIONS
Never use or store the unit in the following types of environmental conditions:
a) A location having a low or high temperature or high humidity deviated from the ambient
environment conditions described in the brochure or instruction manual.
b) A location submerged in water or where the unit could become wet from dripping
water.
c) At an altitude higher than 7400 feet (2220 meters).
d) In direct sunlight.
e) Where organic solvents (gasoline, paint thinner, etc.) are stored.
f) A location that is dusty.
g) A location containing combustible gas, corrosive gas, salt or oil mist.
h) A location subject to vibration or impacts.
i) A location near devices that generate sparks or near heating elements.
APPLICATION
If the UPS System is to be applied to support equipment that could affect human safety,
the following steps must be adhered to:
1. Consult with Mitsubishi Electric Power Products Inc. UPS Division at 1-800-887-7830.
2. Special consideration of the overall backup power system configuration is required so that
the Mitsubishi UPS System is not the sole support required for operation, maintenance and
management of power availability. Other available power sources (utility, emergency power
generation or other systems) shall also support power availability.
Definition of equipment that could affect human safety:
Life Support Systems: a system whose failure to perform can be expected to result in
bodily injury or death.
Essential Public Systems: a system whose failure to perform can be expected to
result in bodily injury or death and/or property damage.

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The UPS must be installed and operated in a controlled environment.
An improper storage and installation environment will deteriorate insulation,
shorten component life, cause corrosion and equipment malfunctions, and can
void your warranty. The standard installation and operational environment is
as follows:
Table 1 UPS Installation and Operational Environment
Category
Acceptance Criteria
Installation
Location
Indoors, completely weather-protected location
Altitude
0 –2255 m (1524 –2255 m requires derating, contact MEPPI)
Ambient
Temperature
32°F (0°C) to 104°F (40°C)
Ideal operating temperaturefor batteries: 68°F (20°C) to 77°F (25°C)
Relative Humidity
5% to 95% with no condensation
Solid
Contaminants
(See Note 1)
Parameter
Maximum value
Sand
0
Dust/ Particulate matter
(suspension)
<0.01 mg/m3
Dust/ Particulate matter
(sedimentation)
<0.4 mg/(m2·h)
Chemical
Contaminants
(Gases and
Vapors)
Parameter
Mean value (See Note
2)
Maximum Value (See
Note 3)
Sea salts
0
0
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
<0.01 PPM
<0.03 PPM
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
<0.003 PPM
<0.01 PPM
Wet Chlorine (Cl2)
relative humidity >50%
<0.0005 PPM
<0.001 PPM
Dry Chlorine (Cl2)
relative humidity <50%
<0.002 PPM
<0.01 PPM
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
<0.0066 PPM
<0.0066 PPM
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
<0.001 PPM
<0.005 PPM
Ammonia (NH3)
<1 PPM
<5 PPM
Ozone (O3) or other
oxidants
<0.002 PPM
<0.005 PPM
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
<0.05 PPM
<0.1 PPM
Aerosols
Oils
<5 PPB dry air
Flora and Fauna
None (no presence or risk of growing mold or fungus; negligible risk of damage
WARNING 3
4
WARNING

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from rodents, insects or animals)
Vibration
(Stationary,
sinusoidal)
Parameter
Maximum value
Displacement amplitude (2-9 Hz)
0.3 mm (0.039 in)
Acceleration amplitude (9-200 Hz)
1 m/s2(0.1 g)
Vibration
(Non-Stationary,
including shock)
Parameter
Maximum value
Shock response spectrum type L,
peak acceleration å
40 m/s2
Shock response spectrum type I,
peak acceleration å
0
Shock response spectrum type II,
peak acceleration å
0
Note 1: Solid contaminant and particle examples include, but are not limited to: sand, carbon dust,
metal fillings/dust, conductive particles, and organic and inorganic dust and fibers
Note 2: Mean Value is defined as the average, long-term value
Note 3: Maximum Value is defined as the maximum value occurring over a period of time of not
more than 30 minutes per day

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This UPS does not include an AC input circuit breaker (MCCB) to protect the bypass
and main input circuit. The AC input circuit breaker (MCCB) is to be field supplied
and installed. The recommended circuit breaker (MCCB) specifications are as
follows:
Table 2 Rating of AC Input Circuit Breaker
Capacity (kVA)
Input Voltage (VAC)
Maximum AC Input
Rating (AAC)
Recommended
Breaker (A)
10
208
30
40
20
208
60
80
30
208
90
110
40
208
120
150
50
208
150
225
60
208
180
225
70
208
210
275
80
208
240
300
AC input and AC output over current protection and disconnect devices shall be field supplied
and installed. DC output over current protection and disconnect devices shall be field supplied
and installed.
This UPS functions with lead acid batteries. If a ▲is seen, review the
supplemental materials for more information about the stored energy system used.
WARNING 4
WARNING
WARNING 5
WARNING

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1.2 GENERAL
Your Mitsubishi 1100B Series UPS is designed to provide continuous and clean electrical power
to a critical load. In the event of an input power failure, the UPS will supply power to the critical
load for the specified battery time.
If the input power is not restored promptly, backup power from the UPS battery permits the
orderly shutdown of equipment supported by the UPS. The UPS is simple to startup, operate and
maintain.
The 1100B Series UPS is configurable in eight (8) kVA capacities: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and
80kVA. The specifications for each capacity appear in Section 1.5. The principles of operation
described herein are applicable to all configurations.
This manual provides an overview of the 1100B Series UPS components and their functions.
The appearance and purpose of operator controls and indicators are described with procedures
for operation, startup, shutdown and basic maintenance.

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1.3 DEFINITIONS
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM (UPS) - All components within the UPS
Module Cabinet in combination with the batteries (external and/or internal) which function as a
system to provide continuous, conditioned AC power to a load. This is sometimes referred to as
the "System."
UPS MODULE CABINET - The enclosure which contains Power Converter Module, Bypass
Module, Batteries, and operator controls required to provide specified AC power to a load.
POWER CONVERTER MODULE - The Converter / Charger and Inverter assemblies which,
under the direction of the Bypass Module and operator controls, provide specified AC power to a
load.
BYPASS MODULE –Assembly which contains Static Transfer Switch, the internal bypass line,
and the internal control system. With operator controls, gives directions required to the Power
Converter Module to provide specified AC power to a load.
CONVERTER / CHARGER - The UPS components which contain the equipment and controls
necessary to convert input AC power to regulated DC power required for battery charging and
for supplying power to the Inverter.
INVERTER - The UPS components which contain the equipment and controls necessary to
convert DC power from the Converter / Charger, or the battery, to AC power required by the
critical load.
STATIC TRANSFER SWITCH - The device which connects the critical load to the bypass line
when the UPS module cannot supply conditioned power.
BYPASS LINE - The line which conducts electricity directly from the input power source to the
critical load during Maintenance or whenever the UPS is not completely operational.
INPUT POWER - Power provided by the electrical utility company, or auxiliary generator, which
is connected to the UPS for supplying the critical load.
BATTERY -Rechargeable battery strings which supply DC power to the inverter to maintain
continuous AC power to the load during AC input power failure conditions.

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1.4 OPERATION OVERVIEW
The UPS provides two power paths between the utility source and the critical load. Figure 1
shows the path for normal operation, with the load powered from the inverter. Figure 2 shows
the path for bypass operation, with the load supplied through the static bypass line.
A) Normal operation: Load power supplied by UPS inverter.
Figure 1 Single Line Diagram - Normal Operation: Load Powered by UPS Inverter
During normal operation, the path through the UPS inverter is used to power the load.
Referring to Figure 1: Input AC power is converted to DC by the Converter. DC power is utilized
to charge the UPS battery and to provide power to the Inverter. The Inverter converts the DC
power to clean AC power to supply the critical load.
The conversion - inversion process eliminates any voltage transients or fluctuations existing in
the input power before it reaches the critical load.
WARNING: For the protection of the UPS and cables, the Bypass input
circuit breaker (MCCB) is field supplied and field installed (see
WARNING 4 on page 1-8).
WARNING
UPS Module
Power Flow
AC
input
CB
3
CONVERTER
/
CHARGER
Output
52
C
Static Transfer
Switch
52S
72B
MCCB
User
supplied
CB
52RC
INVERTER
Not in Use
BATTERY
External Battery
Bypass
input
MCCB
User
supplied
CB

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B) Bypass Operation: Load power supplied through UPS internal static bypass line.
Figure 2 Single Line Diagram - Bypass Operation: Load Fed Through Static Bypass Line
Referring to Figure 2: The Internal bypass line is a hard-wired line through 52S which supplies the
critical load with unconditioned bypass input power. Upon switching to the internal bypass line,
the static transfer switch (STS) line through CB3 supplies the power immediately. Then the
internal bypass line through 52S supplies the power. In the event of a switching to the bypass line,
the power to the critical load will be uninterrupted. The purpose of this internal bypass line is to
route power to the critical load while the UPS module (converter and inverter) is de-energized,
and during startup before the system is operating on the UPS module.
In the event of a load overcurrent, the UPS transfers to bypass without interruption to the critical
load.
The internal control system determines the operation of the two paths, with the load powered
from the inverter being the normal operation.
UPS Module
Power Flow
AC
input
CB
3
CONVERTER
/
CHARGER
Output
52
C
Static Transfer
Switch
52S
72B
MCCB
User
supplied
CB
52RC
INVERTER
Not in Use
BATTERY
External Battery
Bypass
input
MCCB
User
supplied
CB

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C) Emergency Operation: Load power supplied by UPS battery.
Figure 3 Single Line Diagram - Emergency Operation
Referring to Figure 3: In the event of an AC input source failure or interruption, the UPS
converter will de-energize and the UPS battery will immediately discharge and supply DC
power to the inverter to maintain continuous AC power to the load. This operation will continue
until:
a) The battery capacity expires and the inverter turns off, or
b) The input power is restored after which the converter will simultaneously power the inverter
and critical load and recharge the batteries.
A fully charged battery will provide power for the specified time at the rated load, or longer, at a
reduced load.
When power is restored after a low battery shutdown, the UPS converter automatically restarts
operation, the charger recharges the batteries and the Inverter is automatically restarted without
operator intervention. The load is automatically assumed by the inverter without operator
intervention.
UPS Module
Power Flow
AC
input
CB
3
CONVERTER
/
CHARGER
Output
52
C
Static Transfer
Switch
52S
72B
MCCB
User
supplied
CB
52RC
INVERTER
Not in Use
BATTERY
External Battery
Bypass
input
MCCB
User
supplied
CB

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Figure 4 UPS Parts Location
*Items 3 and 4 (AC input, AC output, DC input terminal, and Grounding Bar) are not shown in Figure
4 (refer to Figure 39).
FRONT VIEW
FRONT VIEW
(Covers removed)
1. LCD Touch Panel
Monitor Display
2. Maintenance
Bypass Switch
Bypass
Module
Power
Converter
Modules
I/F Module
- External I/F PCB
IOAU-12 or
IOAU-17(OPTION)
- NETCOM2
3. AC input, AC output,
Bypass input, DC input
terminal
4. Grounding bar